Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

1.0 Introduction
Early Childhood Education is divided into 2 types. Working parents will place their infants and children up to 3 years old in the care of caregivers at the nursery. Children between 4 to 6 years of age will be placed in kindergarten for early education. The child care centre which I plan to open will divided into two sections, because there are two groups of children. Our building is divided into the nursery centre and kindergarten.

The nursery centre will be decorated with more colourful paintings such as cartoons characters, nursery rhyme scenes and alphabets. The environment of the centre is colourful and contains a lot of soft toys. The rooms for the infants to have their nap will be warm, clean and comfortable. This environment will help the infants to relax and rest easily. On the other hand, the kindergarten will have more plain coloured walls to avoid the children losing their concentration. There will be a lot of educational posters on the wall to let the children enjoy their learning environment. Every classroom will display the works of the students to encourage the children to enjoy learning.

Operation hours will be divided into 2 sections. The operation hours of the nursery centre are 8.00am 7.30pm. The operation hours of the kindergarten will be 8.00am1.00pm. All caregivers and teachers in the centre will discipline the infants and children to help them build up their positive behaviour.

A schedule is the planning of a day by time. It is important for children because they need to know whats coming up next to built a trust to the caregivers. The schedule of activities for the nursery and kindergarten is different. The arrangements of activities are balanced. Energetic activities are alternated with silent ones.

Child discipline is a set of rules, rewards and punishment to reshape the childrens behaviour. The rules and regulations must be explained to the children to ensure that the child fully understands. Corporal punishment such as spanking and physical punishment
1

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

should never be used. We believe that praise and encouragement are the most effective methods to manage childrens behaviour.

2.0 Daily Routine and Administration of the Child Care Centre

A daily routine is a very important guide to the staff of every child care centre. Every staff of the centre performs their duty according to the routine to ensure the smooth flow of the centre. The routine is set to ensure that every staff understands their own duties and responsibilities.

2.1 Daily Routine

Morning
7.45 am 8.00 am - All staff sign in. - Centre Open - Clean up centre (cleaner) - Exchange information with parents. (Supervisor, teachers, caregivers) - Free play time for children. (Assistant teachers & caregivers) - Clean up & wash hands and face. Check & change nappies if necessary. (Caregivers & assistant) - Infants go to the nursery. (Caregivers & assistant) - Children / toddlers go into classroom. (Teachers & assistant)
2

8.00 8.30 am

8.30 9.00 am

9.00 am

9.15 am

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

10.00 am 10.30 am 11.00 am

- Music time (Teachers) - Morning tea (Helpers) - Preparing and cooking for children & staff. (Chefs & assistant) - Prepare for bed or rest. (Caregivers & assistant) - Meal time (Teachers, assistant & helper) - Babies go to sleep room (Caregivers & assistant)

11.45 am

Afternoon
12.15 pm - Hands & face washed (Helper & assistant teacher) - Clean up after meal (Cleaner) - Toddlers nap / rest time (Caregivers & assistant) - Story time (Teachers) - Dismissal time for kindergarten children. - Ready for pick up (Teachers & assistant) - All staff takes turn for lunch (All staff) - Children change as they wake up. Bathing time (Caregivers & assistant) - Snack time (Helper) - Group activities / outside time (All staff) - Music time (Teachers & assistant) - Ready for pick up (All staff) - Clean & check (Cleaner) - Centre close (All staff sign out)
3

12.25 pm

1.00 pm

2.00 3.30 pm

3.30 pm 4.00 pm 4.00 pm 5.00 pm

5.00 pm 6.00 pm 6.00 pm 7.00 pm

7.30 pm

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

2.2 Staff of the Child Care Centre

Supervisor
The supervisor is the head of the child care centre. All staff must report to the supervisor. The supervisor also makes final decisions in the management of the centre.

Teachers & Caregivers

Teachers and caregivers are the people who communicate with the parents most. They should always exchange information with the parents to understand the actions of the children. They also need to inform the parents about the progress of the children to let the parents know about their childrens performance.

Assistant Teachers & Caregivers

Assistant teachers and caregivers help the teachers and caregivers to lessen their burden and help them with their responsibility.

Chef
The responsibility of a chef is to prepare, plan and cook meals and snacks for the children. Chefs must ensure that the meals are cooked using fresh and healthy ingredients. Chefs must also prepare suitable food for children of different races and religions in the centre. They must always get information of the childrens eating habits (allergies, etc) from teachers.

Helper
Helpers are the people who help the teachers, caregivers and chefs carry out their tasks in the child care centre. They must always be alert and cooperate with everyone in the centre.

Cleaner
4

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

Cleaners are the people who help ensure the cleanliness of the centre. A clean environment is the most important aspect for a child care centre. Children will enjoy learning in a clean and comfortable environment.

3.0 Three Weeks Schedule for Toddlers Activities

A schedule is the planning of a day by time, activities, etc. A Schedule is very important to the children because they need to know whats coming up next. If the schedule is run consistently, it may help build up the childrens trust of child care centre. Young children begin to understand that the adults will take care of them. Toddler stage is the most active stage. At this stage, children are full of energy. Learning activities at this stage need to be planning carefully to help the toddlers develop in the cognitive, physical, language and emotional fields. The arrangement of the activities should be balanced. Energetic activities should be alternated with silent ones. The teachers or caregivers should always assist and encourage them to participate in individual or group exploration activities.

3.1 Three Weeks Schedule Plan

Week 1 Monday Free Play Music Group Exercise Tuesday Out Door Play Art & Craft Drama Wednesday Story Telling Music Mathematics Thursday Physical Education Art & Craft Drama Friday Free Play Story Telling Science

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

Week 2 Monday Physical Education Art & Craft Science Tuesday Music Story Telling Group Exercise Wednesday Outdoor Play Art & Craft Drama Thursday Music Mathematics Group Exercise Friday Physical Education Story Telling Drama

Week 3 Monday Free Play Music Group Exercise Tuesday Outdoor Play Art & Craft Drama Wednesday Story Telling Music Mathematics Thursday Physical Education Art & Craft Drama Friday Free Play Story Telling Science

Week 3 schedule of activities will be the same as week 1. This is because some of the activities needed to be repeated to build up the motor skills of the toddler. The toddler will also feel bored to have the same schedule for every week.

3.2 Type of Activities

The learning activities should be well planned to help children develop their cognitive, physical, language and emotional skills. Teachers and caregivers must guide the children during learning by encouraging them to participate in the activities. Free Play is arranged as the first activities in a day. It helps children relieve stress when they smile and laugh during play time. Outdoor Play playing in the playground is essential to a harmonious lifestyle without having too many instructions to follow. Through outdoor play we can train children to become more brave and independent.
6

(a)

(b)

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

(c)

Physical Education at this phase, children love rolling and wrestling play and some theories say that this type of play is considered a physical form of exercise. Fox and the chicken game is an example. Playing soccer also helps increase childrens gross motor development. Story Telling children should rest before having their meal. Story telling helps children develop their listening skills. It also encourages children to read books and get more knowledge from the books they read. Art and Craft Activities like playing with play dough helps children increase physical development. Its helps mature the finger muscles and develop fine motor skills which help children to be more adept at writing. Drama having role play in drama class helps children develop their socializing skills. They also learn teamwork and responsibility during performances. Mathematics Games such as puzzles train children in their cognitive development to think and solve problems at hand. Group Play activities conducted in groups encourage positive social skills. Toddlers learn to share things and take turns to do things. Music is the best way to let children feel relaxed and less nervous. They will enjoy learning while they sing happily. They will also learn the alphabet and numbers from songs.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

4.0 Rules and Regulations and Discipline Methods for the Child Care Centre
Rules and regulations are very important, as is discipline. Disciplining the children is crucial to make the child part of todays civilised society. Discipline is the structure that helps the child fit into the real world happily and effectively. Effective discipline means applied with mutual respect in a firm, fair, reasonable and consistent way. [1] Discipline is related to good manners, etiquette, moral behaviour and courtesy. It is the basic thing that forms a childs behaviour. Children must understand the meaning of discipline to enable them to understand the rules set for them. Rules are important to let the children understand and know that what they can do and what they are not allowed to do. If they keep doing things that are not allowed, they will get their punishment. We believe that praise, encouragement and positive reinforcement are very effective methods to manage childrens behaviour. We praise children for their good behaviour and achievements. When children receive positive redirection and understand the interactions from adults, they develop good self concepts, problem solving abilities and self discipline.

4.1 Offences and Discipline Method

4.1.1 Roughness - An example of roughness is hitting, hurting, and biting other
people. Children may act rough when they want to protect their rights, their toys or help their friends. Roughness in any way is not acceptable in the centre, as they can cause permanent damage (phobia of going to the nursery, etc) to other students in the centre. Children who behave in this manner should not be hit or scolded. Teachers should separate the rough children and explain to them that their behaviour is unacceptable. The discipline method should be time-outs. The times for separating the children from activities differ for children of different ages, such as two minute for two-year olds and four minute for four year olds and so on. Time-outs are not suitable for infants.

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

4.1.2 Anti-social Anti-social behaviour includes stealing, bribing or taking and

using things belonging to others. Teachers must take serious action for this kind of misbehaviour. This type of misbehaviour will be more difficult to control as the children get older. We can encourage the children by carrying out activities with partner or in small groups. Teachers should explain and encourage the child to share their toys or food.

4.1.3 Emotional

Emotional behaviour such as crying, attention seeking, over

dependent on others, etc. Children express their feelings though their emotions. Sometimes, they are able to get what their want by expressing their emotion. This indirectly causes the child to continue misbehaviour. Teachers are encouraged to ignore the children who misbehave to let him/her understand that he/she will get nothing if he/she continues their misbehaviour.

4.1.4 Destructive Some children like to tear up books and break toys. Children
who do these things have the potential to raise safety issues. Other children may be influenced by this type of misbehaviour. Teachers are responsible to explain rules and ways to take care of things and equipment. Children must be told to take care of equipment provided in the centre to let the child learn to be more responsible.

4.1.5 Disturbing

Some children like to disturb other children during group

activities, running in the classroom, screaming and making noise in class. Teachers should limit the number of times a child leaves the classroom.

For this kind of misbehaviour, teacher will ignore the child who tries to attract attention and carry on with the lesson. However, although the teacher may be able to successfully ignore the child, the other children may not be able to do so.

4.2 Non Corporal Punishment

4.2.1 Time-outs
Time-outs are not a type of punishment. It is intended to give the child time to calm down and think about what has happened. Time-outs are carried out after we explain to
9

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

the child that misbehaviour is unacceptable. Separating the child from other children and note the amount of time the child is separate from others. Do not speak to the child during time-outs. This can help the child to calm down and give them a chance to regain self-control in a quiet place. It is claimed that time-outs help children develop internal self-control, whereas with more punitive methods like spanking, the children relies on someone else to forcibly control them.[2]

4.2.2 Positive Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement must be conducted at all times to guide children. This needs to be done verbally only when the children behave negatively. On the other hand, we praise the children every time they behave positively.

4.2.3 Ignoring
This is a very effective but difficult to apply when he/she repeatdly behaves negatively. We ignore the child when they behave negatively to attract the adults attention. This technique must be replaced by negative reinforcement.

4.3 Corporal Punishment

Corporal punishment involves the application of some form of physical pain in response to undesirable behaviour. Corporal punishment ranges from slapping the hand of a child, about to touch a hot stove to identifiable child abuse, such as beatings, scalding, and burning.[3] Corporal punishment is strictly prohibited in our centre. This physical punishment which includes striking a child with an object, striking a child on part of the body other than the buttocks or extremities, striking a child with such intensity that marks lasting more than a few minutes occur, pulling a childs hair, jerking a child by the arm, shaking a child, and physical punishment delivered in anger with intent to cause pain, are unacceptable.[4] All the above mentions are prohibited in our centre at all time. Spanking is no more effective as a long-term strategy and it may course physical injuries. Spanking has been associated with higher rate of physical aggression, more substance abuse, and increased risk of crime and violence.[5]

10

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

Conclusion
Nursery and kindergarten is a place that takes care of infants and children while their parents are at work. In the mean time, children are thought according to the schedule of the providers. The providers should provide a clean comfortable and healthy environment for the children. Teachers and caregivers will discipline the children in their daily activities. The schedule of activities is intended to ensure that all children can develop their cognitive, physical, language and emotional skills. Activities must be planned carefully according to the childrens ability, age group and preferred types of activities Discipline is very important to form a childs behaviour, Discipline must be given priority in early childhood education.[6] Discipline is not about punishment. It allows children develop self discipline and helps them become emotionally and socially mature adults. Having rules and regulations in a child care centre helps to reshape a childs behaviour. It may help teachers and caregivers to run the class or the centre smoothly. We should explain the rules and regulations to the children to ensure them fully understand what can be done and what is not allowed. It is important to have children fully understand the rules to help them behave positively. Corporal punishment is not a effective discipline method. We will never use this type of physical punishment in our centre. Rules and regulations should be carried without exception to form the childrens positive behaviour at all time.

11

Chow Yee Pang (Jacky)

HDPS 1203

References
[1] Drs Nieman, P. (2004) Effective discipline for children. (volume 9). Paediatric Child Health. P.37. [2] Child discipline. (2009). [0nline] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/child_discipline.html. [25 October 2009] [3] Wolraich, M. L. Et al. (1998). America academy of paediatrics. Guidance for effective discipline. 1,p.725. [4] Wolraich, M. L. Et al. (1998). America academy of paediatrics. Guidance for effective discipline. 1,p.726. [5] Cohen, P. (1996) How can generative theories of the effects of punishment be tested? Pediatrics. 98. PP.834-836. [6] Malaysia. Open University Malaysia. (2009). HDPS1203 Children development and learning. Daily Routines. (2006). [online] Available at: http://www.anchorchildcare.ie/daily_routine.html. [12 October 2009] Parent Handbook. n.d. [online] Available at: http://www.ipfw.edu/children/handbook/2yearold.shtml. [12 October 2009] Parents Handbook. Daily Routine. (2003). [12 October 2009] Available at: http://www.owfc.com.au/parentsworld/ handbook09.pdf. [12 October 2009] Positive discipline and children guidance. (2009). [online] Available at: // http://extension.missouri.edu/explore.html [25 October 2009]. Precious time discipline policy for teachers and staff. (2005). [online] Available at: http://ptcentres.com/discipline.html. [22 October 2009] Routine. (2003). [online] Available at: http://www.canberra.edu.au/wiradjuri/routine.html. [12 October 2009] Taylor, S. I. (2004) YC Young Children. Let it be Japanese preschoolers rule the classroom, 59(5), 20-24. In proquest (OUM Digital Library) The Importance of schedules and routine. (2007). [online] Available at: http://aplaceourown.org/question_detail.php?id=239 [12 October 2009] Toddlers. n.d. [online] Available at: http://www.strawberrychildren.com/toddlers.html. [12 October 2009] Toddlers daily schedule. n.d. [online] Available at: http://www.brown.edu/infant/toddler/twosclassroomdailyschedule. [12 October 2009] Toddlers schedule. (2009). [online] Available at: http://www.1stepchildcare.com/schedule/toddlers.html. [12 October 2009] Wilson, E. (n.d.) Guiding Young Children Series. A Look at Discipline. PP. 2324-1 2324-8.

12