ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS SCHEME OF WORK SPN 21 (INTERIM STAGE) YEAR 9 (Normal Track) Topic

1. ALGEBRA

Week

Learning Outcomes

Resources/Activities

1.1 Solutions of Equations

Term 1 Week 13 (4th Jan 23rd Jan)

Solve simple linear and fractional equations. Expand products of algebraic expressions. Factorise expressions of the form
a 2 x 2 b 2

1.2 Multiplication of Polynomials 1.3 Factorisation

ax +b , x

, a 2 + 2ab + b 2 and ax 2 + bx + c .

1.4 Solving Quadratic Equations

Solve quadratic equations by factorization. Solve quadratic equations by use of quadratic

formula.

2. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 2.1 Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns 2.2 Simultaneous Linear and Non-Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Week 46 (25th Jan 13th Feb)

Solve simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns either by substitution or by elimination.

Solve simultaneous linear and non-linear

equations in two unknowns by substitution. Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of a straight line and a curve by solving their equations simultaneously.

New Additional Mathematics Chapter 2 Additional Mathematics Chapter 5

Week

7 11 (16 Feb 18th March)

th

3.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Calculate the length of a line segment by using

the formula

3.1 Distance between Two Points

( x 2 x1 )

+ ( y 2 y1 ) .
2

Solve problems on distance between two points.

Find the midpoint of a line segment using

3.2 Midpoint of the Line Joining Two Points

New Additional Mathematics Chapter 7 Additional Mathematics Chapter 7

x1 + x 2 y1 + y 2 , and solve problems related to 2 2 the midpoint of a line segment.

Calculate the gradient of a straight line

3.3 Gradient of a Line 3.4 Equation of a Straight Line passing through two points. State the gradient of a straight line from a given equation.

Obtain the equation of a straight line graph in

the form y = mx + c given the gradient, m and the y-intercept, c. Obtain the equation of a straight line using y y1 = m( x x1 ) given the gradient and one point (x1 , y1) on the straight line. State that the gradients of parallel lines are equal. Solve problems on the gradients and equations of parallel lines and non-parallel lines.

3.5 Equations of Parallel and Non-Parallel Lines

3.6 Equations of Perpendicular Lines

State that the product of the gradients of the

perpendicular lines is equal to 1. (m1 m 2 = 1) .

 Solve problems on the gradients and

3.7 Perpendicular Bisector equations of perpendicular lines.

Write the equation of the perpendicular bisector

3.8 Miscellaneous Problems of a given line segment and solve problems on perpendicular bisector.

Solve miscellaneous problems on coordinate

geometry including finding the coordinates of vertices of a triangle or quadrilateral, ratio of lengths of sides and area of a triangle or trapezium. 1st Term School Holidays (19th March 28th March)
Term 2 Week 1 3 (29th March 17th April)

4.

INDICES / SURDS

4.1 Indices (Exponents)

Perform simple operations using rules of

indices. Simplify expressions and write answers as a single term e.g. write

4.2 Simple Exponential Equations

in the form of a power of 2. Expand and simplify expressions like

( a 3 + b 3 )( a 3 b 3 ) .
2 1 1 2

2 3 x 2.8 x as a single term 4 2 x +1

New Additional Mathematics Chapter 3 Additional Mathematics Chapter 4

Solve simple exponential equations a x = b by

4.3 Surds using the same base or index. Solve exponential equations e.g. 2 2 x 3( 2 x ) +2 = 0 by using suitable substitution.
http://library.thinkquest.org/ C0110248/algebra/islsurdla w.html

4.4 Rationalising Surds

Define a surd as a root that cannot be expressed as a rational number. Apply the rules of surds a b = ab and a a = to perform simple b b operations with surds. Know that the product of a surd expression and its conjugate surd gives a rational number. Rationalise the denominator of simple surds like 1 8 , , by multiplying both numerator and 3 2 denominator with the surd itself. Rationalise the denominator of surds like
2 3 2 , 2 3 +10 by multiplying both
3 1

http://www.purplemat h.com/modules/radica ls.htm

numerator and denominator with the conjugate surd of the denominator. Solve word problems involving surds.
Week 47 (19th April 15th May)

5. LOGARITHMIC & EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS 5.1Logarithmic Functions

Define logarithmic function as the inverse of exponential function. Convert exponential functions to logarithmic functions and vice-versa. Solve simple logarithmic equations such as x = log 2 64 , log x 25 = 2 , etc. by converting to exponential form.

5.2Laws of Logarithms

State and apply the laws of logarithms to

evaluate logarithmic expressions. Apply the laws of logarithms to solve

New Additional Mathematics Chapter 3 and Chapter 19 (Graphs of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions) Additional Mathematics Chapter 7 http://www.coolmath.

5.3 Common and Natural Logarithms

logarithmic equations.

com/algebra/Algebra2 /06ExponentialsLogs/ 07_whatsalog.htm

Define common logarithm as logarithm to

the base 10, written as lg x. Define natural logarithm as logarithm to the base e, written as ln x. Solve equations of the form a x = b by taking logarithms on both sides. Solve logarithmic equations involving common and natural logarithms.

5.4 Simultaneous Equations

Involving Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

Solve exponential equations involving

substitution and use of logarithms e.g. 32 x 6(3 x ) +8 = 0 . 5.5Change-of-Base Law Solve simultaneous equations involving exponential functions and logarithmic functions.

State the change-of-base law log a b =

5.6Application of Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

log c b . log c a
Use Graphmatica software or graphic calculator to investigate the graphs of exponential and logarithmic functions.

Apply the change-of-base law to simplify and evaluate logarithmic expressions. Apply the change-of-base law to solve logarithmic equations.

Solve word problems involving exponential and logarithmic functions.

Week 8 9 Week 10 5.7 Graph of Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

Term 3 Week 1 (21st Jun 26th Jun)

Mid Year Examination ( 19th May 29th May) Corrections Week(1st Jun 3rd Jun) 2nd Term School Holidays (4th June 20th June)

Draw the basic graph of exponential and

logarithmic functions, y = e x and y = ln x. Explain the characteristic of the two graphs. Recognize that since y = ln x is the inverse function of y = e x , thus the graph of y = ln x is the reflection of the graph of y = e x in the line y = x. Sketch or draw the graph of exponential and logarithmic functions and use it to solve equations graphically.

Week 26 (28th Jun 31st July)

6.

FUNCTIONS

6.1 Introduction to Functions

Understand the terms function, domain, range

(image set), one-one function, inverse function and composition of functions. Use the notation, f : x lg x, (x > 0) [read as f maps x onto lg x] , f(x) = sin x [read as f of x is equal to sin x], f 1 (x) and f 2 (x) = f(f(x)).

New Additional Mathematics Chapter 9 Additional Mathematics Chapter 2

6.2 Composite Functions

6.3 Inverse Functions

Form composite functions. Know that fg gf , f 2 ( x ) ( f ( x)) 2 . Explain in words why a given function is a
function or why it does not have an inverse. Find the inverse of a one-one function and of a composite function. Use sketch graphs to show the relationship between a function and its inverse.

http://www.coolmath. com/algebra/Algebra2 /05InverseFuncs/02_o ne-to-one.htm Use Graphmatica software to investigate the

6.4 Absolute-Valued Functions

 Understand and use the relationship between y

= f(x) and y = f(x) where f(x) may be linear, , quadratic or trigonometric. Solve absolute-valued equations. Sketch the graphs of the absolute-valued functions.

relationship between a function and its inverse. Use Graphmatica software or graphic calculator to observe the relation between of graphs of y = f(x) and y = f(x) .

7. FACTORS OF POLYNOMIALS 7.1 Polynomial Identities Recognise polynomials and know the terms: coefficient, constant term, degree of a polynomial and polynomial identity. Find unknowns in an identity. New Additional Mathematics Chapter 5 New Additional Mathematics Chapter 6 http://www.purplemat h.com/modules/polydi v3.htm

7.2 Remainder Theorem

Find the remainder when a polynomial f(x) is

divided by (ax+b) using long division, then use b ). the Remainder Theorem to evaluate f ( a Evaluate unknowns using the Remainder Theorem.

Week 7 11 (2nd Aug 2nd Sept)

7.3 Factor Theorem 7.4 Solving Cubic Equations

Determine if (ax + b) is a factor by testing if

f( b ) =0. a

Find one factor for f(x) by trial and error. Find the other factors either by long division or by inspection. Solve f(x) = 0 and if the resulting quadratic factor cannot be factorised further, then use the quadratic formula.

3rd Term School Holidays (3rd Sept 19th Sept)

Term 4 Week 1 6 (20th Sept 30th Oct)

8. QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS 8.1 Maximum/ Minimum Value of a Quadratic Expression

Write f: x ax2 + bx + c in the completed square

form f: x a(x h) + k.
2

Find the maximum or minimum point of the

quadratic function f: x ax2 + bx + c by using the completed square form or any other method. Sketch the graph of f(x) and describe the properties of the parabola. Determine the range of f(x) for a given domain.

New Additional Mathematics Chapter 4 Additional Mathematics Chapter 3 http://www.coolmath. com/algebra/Algebra1 /11Quadratics/07_intr ographing.htm to ...Quadratics/17.... Use Graphmatica software or graphic calculator to investigate the coordinates of the maximum or minimum points in relation to the values of h and k in the function f: x a(x h)2 + k. http://www.purplemat h.com/modules/ineqq uad.htm

8.2 Roots of a Quadratic Equation

State the conditions with respect to the

discriminant b 2 4ac for a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 to have (i) two real and distinct roots, (ii) two real and equal roots, or (iii) no real roots. Determine the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation. State the conditions when a given line (i) intersects a given curve at two points, b 2 4ac > 0 , (ii) is a tangent to a given curve, b 2 4ac = 0 , or (iii) does not intersect a given curve, b 2 4ac < 0 . Solve problems related to the condition that b 2 4ac = 0 given that the roots of the quadratic equation are real and equal or that a line is a tangent to a curve. Find the solution set for quadratic inequalities. Solve quadratic inequalities formed using conditions related to b 2 4ac 0 (when the roots are real), b 2 4ac > 0 or b 2 4ac < 0 .

8.3 Quadratic Inequalities

Week 7 8 Week 9 11 30th Nov)

End of Year Examination (2nd Nov 11th Nov) Corrections Week and End of Year Schools Acitivities(15th Nov

Text books 1. New Additional Mathematics (Ho Soo Thong & Khor Nyak Hiong) 2. Additional Mathematics (H H Heng, JF Talbert)