A

PROJECT SYNOPSIS On

AUTOMATIC TOLL COLLECTION USING MICROCONTROLLER

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of the degree
Of

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) In Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering

Project In charge: Guide Mr. Anil Kumar Singh

Name: Shalabh Agarwal Roll No.08EI48

Project Guides Guide 1:Mr.Ajay Yadav

Name2: Prashant Kumar Roll No.08EI35

Signature of

Name3: Sheetal Kaushik Roll No.08EI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INST. ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY MJP ROHILKHAND UNIVERSITY BAERILLY 2011-2012

CHAPTER ONE INDRODUCTION

Transportation is the backbone of any countrys economy. Advancement in transportation systems has lead to a lifestyle characterized by extraordinary freedom of movement, immense trade in manufactured goods and services, high employment levels and social mobility. In fact, the economic wealth of a nation has been closely tied to efficient methods of transportation. Due to increasing number of vehicles on the road, problems such as congestion, incident, air pollution and many others have become a major factor of concern. Evidently, nearly all-economic activities at some point use different means of transportation to operate. For that reason, enhancing transportation will have an immediate impact on productivity and the economy. The main objective of this project is to ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM to ease the collecting toll and reduce traffic and improve service. The RFID card will be given to the user which contains the digital code, which has to the corresponding details stored in the centralized database system which can be accessed in the relevant office as and when required. Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method,

relying/storing and remotely retrieving data using called RFID tags (Transporters). An RFID tag is an object that can imbibe into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters and also can be used beyond the line of sight of the reader. The model developed uses an active RFID technology and wireless communicator as it helps to improve data transfer between the tag and the host database over a long distance. The main objective of this module development is to implement an automated check in and checkout in Electronic Toll collection system. Electronic toll collection system (ETC) is one of the means that have been adopted by all developed countries to solve jam problem by parking charge and improve service quality. However the system can also be used in car alarms, warehouse inventory, security access control, personnel access & tracking without the need to swipe each item individually.

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE SEARCH

2.1Literature review
Research on road pricing has traditionally neglected the resource cost of toll collection. Until recently, little research had been done on the costs of collecting highways tolls. However, as the need for efficient road pricing has grown increasingly clear, researchers have given attention to the costs of administering road-pricing mechanisms. The total collection cost of a road-charging scheme includes compliance costs incurred by users, in addition to the states cost of administration. Existing studies do not contain systematic evidence on the compliance cost of manually collected tolls. This study examines the compliance costs for conventional, manned toll collection and provides the information needed to begin evaluating the benefit of electronic charging mechanisms that can eliminate the time that road users spend queued to pay tolls. Combining our estimates of compliance cost with estimates of administrative cost derived from existing research, we are able to estimate the total cost of toll collection. We then compare the cost of raising revenue with manual toll collection against two relevant benchmarks: first, the costs of collecting other sorts of taxes, such as sales and income taxes, and second, the cost of collecting tolls using modern electronic toll-charging technology.

2.2 Inferences Drawn Out Of Literature Review

The system is completely automatic and requires no human supervision to carry out the necessary actions. The main advantage of this system is it is economical and reliable. This system allows a vehicle to persist past the scan point without stopping, thus offering maximum convenience to motorists, speeding up the flow of traffic, and reducing the number of human resources required at highway toll plaza.

2.3Scope of Present Work

In this project we are using RFID module. This project is good and easy process of collecting toll from vehicles. Compare to normal manually system is better and in this we can further to implementing to every vehicle owner having the one tag that tag is contain total information of vehicle.

Tag is near kept on RFID reader its detect the tag and it display on the control system. in tag in future we can add all details of car .so its helpful to car security when the vehicle is thefted. In future vehicle toll collection easy without jam at centers and it will be good to government authority.

CHAPTER THREE PROPOSED WORK

3.1Objectives
The main objective of this module development is to implement an automated check in and checkout in Electronic Toll collection system. Electronic toll collection system (ETC) is one of the means that have been adopted by all developed countries to solve jam problem by parking charge and improve service quality. However the system can also be used in car alarms, warehouse inventory, security access control, personnel access & tracking without the need to swipe each item individually.

3.2Block Diagram

LCD DISPLAY MICRO CONTROLLER

RFID READER

STEPPER MOTOR

POWER SUPPLY

Fig 3.1 Block Automatic Toll Collection System

3.3Description of Block Diagram

The block diagram of the embedded system consists of the following modules: a) Power supply The Entire Project needs power for its operation. However, from the study of this project it comes to know that we supposed to design 5v and 12v dc power supply. So by utilizing the following power supply components, required power has been gained. (230/12v (1A and 500mA) Step down transformers, Bridge rectifier to converter ac to dc, booster capacitor and +5v (7805) and +12v (7812) regulator to maintain constant 5v & 12 supply for the controller circuit and RFID Reader). b) RFID Reader RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. It is an electronic technology whereby digital data encoded in an RFID Tag (or transponder) is retrieved utilizing a reader. In contrast to bar code technology, RFID systems do not require line-of-sight access to the tag in order to retrieve the tags data. c) Microcontroller The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density non-volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional Non-volatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. d) LCD Module A liquid crystal is a material (normally organic for LCDs) that will flow like a liquid but whos molecular structure has some properties normally associated with solids. The

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a low power device. The power requirement is typically in the order of microwatts for the LCD. e) Stepper Motor This motor rotates trough a fixed angular step in response to each input current pulse received by its controller. In the recent years, there has been wide demand of stepping motors because of the explosive growth of the computer industry. This popularity is due to the fact that they can be directly controlled by computers, microprocessors and programmable controllers. When a command pulse is received each time the output shaft rotates in a series of discrete angular intervals. When number of pulses supplied are definite then shaft of the stepper motor turns through definite known angle. This makes stepper motor suited for open loop position control because no feedback need to be taken from the shaft. Such motors develop some torques ranging from 1Mn-m. In a tiny wristwatch motor of 3mm diameter, up to 40N-M in a motor of 15cm diameter suitable for machine tool applications. Power output ranges from 1Wto a max of 2500W. The only moving party in a stepper motor is its rotor, which has no windings, commutator or brushes. This feature makes it quite robust and reliable.

CHAPTER FOUR METHODLOGY

4.1 Flowchart Representation
START

VECHILE ENTERS TOLL BOOTH

READER CHECKS THE TAG

IS TAG VALID va YES VALI D BARRIER LIFTED

NO

BARRIER NOT LIFTED

END

Fig 4.1 Flowchart Representation for Automatic Toll Tax Collection System

CHAPTER FIVE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

+5V

-5V

Gate control (s teeper m otor)

16 1 15 2 14 3 4 uln 13 5 2003 12 11 6 10 7 9 8
G

+5V

16x2 char LCD

4 5 6 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

+5V

1 28 2 27 3 26 4REID 25 5 24 6 reader 23 7 22 8 21 9 20 10 19 11 18 12 17 13 16 14 15

Fig. Circuit diagram for electronic toll collection system based on rfid

+5V
G

CHAPTER SIX

OPERATION
Presently toll collection system is mainly depending on the men. That means it is depending on human effort so in this proposal to reduce human effort and the security is improved and avoiding jam at toll center. This system working like shown figure, here we are using AT89C51 microcontroller it is interfaced with LCD, steeper motor, RFID. Here microcontroller is totally 40 pins .here display purpose microcontroller is interred faced with LCD. In LCD 8 pins are a data pin that is 7 to 14 are connected to port0 of microcontroller. These 8 pins are data pins. These are used to send information to LCD or read contents what data in register that displays on the LCD. Pin 4 in LCD to port 3.5 pin of micro controller pin 4 LCD is called register select pin. This is used to select the internal register of LCD; this pin made low then the instruction command code reregister is selected. if this pin is made high then the data register is selected. Pin 5is connected to pin 3.6 in micro controller. Pin5 of LCD is called read/write pin. If this pin is made high then the user is allowed to read information from it. If this pin is made low then the user is allowed to write the information to it. Pin 6 is connected to port3.7 pin of micro controller. This is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins. System having tags given thats having small micro chip thats working when it face before of the reader. RFID reads information of tag detects and display on the controller side. If any invalid tag that time display.RFID is mainly reads data from tag and send information to controller which is main part of ETC. In the system another module is mechanical part is there that steeper motor is inter facing with micro controller with help of ULN 2003. Here 16 pin chip. Pin 3 and pins 4 are linked with micro controller. ULN chip pin 12 to pin 16 are output pins that are link with steeper motor remaining are connected with resistors. Electron toll collection system working like shown in figure. In the system is mainly depending on microcontroller and RFID. Vehicle owner contain tag when ever vehicle coming into toll center .in toll center RFID reader is road side I center. Here we used low frequency RFID so that frequency is 125 KHz, when vehicle man his tag before on reader it immediately working the tag information and content of data and every thing is display on

controller side. Tag have correct information that time we can pay money and alternately gate is working and gate opened or closed within time . Time is depending on code. Tag if any defaults we can reset the system. And tag is invalid that time toll center having some toll center personalities and enquiry the everything and any defaults thy can take immediately action. In the system everything on control of toll center.

EXPECTED OUTCOME
In order to implement contemporary system of ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM BASED ON RFID the embedded systems platform has utilized. For this purpose, a new RFID technology based on micro-controller was implemented and tested in this study. The verification system consists of data base about the user of RFID multipurpose card. The state of art of microcontroller AT89S52 used as a mediator in between PC and RFID; it act as user interface whenever user shows RFID card it will read out by MCU using RFID card reader then it transfer those thing to PC interfacing front end software. The RFID security system is major role of this project. A kind of radio frequency chip was adopted to design electronic toll collection system of expressway. Structural and process designs were made, in addition, a new RFID authentication and authorization protocol model was used to guarantee system security.

ADVANTAGES
a) The system is completely automatic and requires no human supervision to carry out the necessary actions. b) The main advantage of this system is it is economical and reliable c) Avoiding traffic at toll center d) We can recognize un register vehicles

REFRENCES AND BIBLOGRAPHY

[1] Jacob Millman and Her Taub, Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveform, second edition Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York, 2000. [2] J.Millman and C.C Halkais,Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw Hill, first edition, 1972. [3] A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi,Advanced Microprocessor and Peripherals, TMH, 2000. [4] Theodore F.Bogart jr., J.s.Beasley and G.Rico, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Pearson Education, sixth edition, 2004.