1.

I do a Job. . 2. I am doing a job. . 3. I did a job. . 4. I didn't do a job. . 5. I will do a job. . ( 6. I won't do a job. . 7. Usually I don't do a job. . 8. I am not doing a job. . 9. I was doing a job. . 10. I wasn't doing a job. . 11. I will be doing a job. . 12. I won't be doing a job. . 13. I am going to do a job. . 14. I was going to do a job. . 15. I can do a job. ) .

16. I am able to do a job.

17. I can't do a job. 18. I am unable to do a job. . 19. I could do a job. 20. I was able to do a job. . 21. I couldn't do a job. 22. I was unable to do a job. . 23. I will be able to do a job. . 24. I will be unable to do a job. . 25. I may be able to do a job. . 26. I should be able to do a job.

27. I have been able to do a job. (Perfect Tense / . 28. I had been able to do a job. / . 29. I may do a job. 30. I might do a job. 31. I may be doing a job. . 32. I must do a job. .( 33. I must not do a job. )

. . 34. I should do a job. .( 35. I shouldn't do a job. . . 36. I ought to do a job. .( 37. I don't mind doing a job. . 38. I have to do a job. / 39. I don't have to do a job. / 40. I had to do a job. / 41. I didn't have to do a job. / 42. I will have to do a job. . 43. I won't have to do a job. . 44. I need to do a job. ( 45. I neednt do a job. . 46. He seems to be doing a job. . 47. He doesn't seem to be doing a job. ) . . . . . ) )

. 48. He seemed to be doing a job. . 49. He didn't seem to be doing a job.

50. Doing a job is useful. ( ) .

51. Useless doing a job. . 52. It is better to do a job. . 53. I had better do a job. . 54. I made him do a job. . 55. I didn't make him do a job.

56. To do a job I am going to America.

57. I used to do a job. . 58. Shall I do a Job? ? 59. Lets do a job. . 60. I feel like doing a job. . 61. I don't feel like doing a job. .

62. I felt like doing a job. . 63. I didn't feel like doing a job. . 64. I have been doing a job. / . 65. I had been doing a job. / . 66. I see him doing a job. . 67. I don't see him doing a job. . 68. I saw him doing a job. . 69. I didn't see him doing a job. . 70. If I do a job, I will get experience. . 71. If I don't do a job, I won't get experience. . 72. If I had done a job, I would have got experience. .( 73. It is time I did a job. . : "do a job" "doing a job" )

. . . "ing" .

'ing'

Verb with + ing: 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69. : Grammar Patterns -1, Grammar Patterns -2 Grammar Petterns -3 . Grammar Patterns -1 . . . Grammar Patterns -1 . Grammar Patterns -2 . Grammar Patterns -3 , "We, They, You . "You / " / . "Grammar Patterns 3" school" 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 56, . "go to school"
Aangilam Grammar 3...

73

Grammar Patterns -2 "Grammar Patterns 3"

I "First Person Singular"

"am"

He, She, It " Third Person Singular"

"is"

"You" "Plural"

"Second Person Singular" , "are"

, "We -

/ "are"

, They -

"We are going to 2, 8, 9, 10, .

"are"

1.
1. We go to school. . 2. We are going to school. . 3. We went to school. . 4. We didnt go to school. . 5. We will go to school. . 6. We wont go to school. . 7. Usually we dont go to school. . 8. We are not going to school. . 9. We were going to school.

10. We werent going to school. . 11. We will be going to school. . 12. We wont be going to school. . 13. We are going to go to school. . 14. We were going to go to school. . 15. We can go to school.

16. We are able to go to school. . 17. We cant go to school 18. We are unable to go to school. . 19. We could go to school. 20. We were able to go to school. . 21. We couldnt go to school. 22. We were unable to go to school. . 23. We will be able to go to school. . 24. We will be unable to go to school . 25. We may be able to go to school. . 26. We should be able to go to school. . 27. We have been able to go to school / . 28. We had been able to go to school. / . 29. We may go to school. 30. We might go to school. 31. We may be going to school . 32. We must go to school. .( 33. We must not go to school. )

. .( 34. We should go to school. .( 35. We shouldnt go to school. . ( 36. We ought to go to school. .( 37. We dont mind going to school. . 38. We have to go to school. . 39. We dont have to go to school. . 40. We had to go to school. / 41. We didnt have to go to school. / 42. We will have to go to school. / 43. We wont have to go to school. / 44. We need to go to school. / 45. We neednt go to school. / 46. He seems to be going to school. . 47. He doesnt seem to be going to school. . . . . . . ) ) ) )

. 48. He seemed to be going to school. . 49. He didnt seem to be going to school. . 50. Going to school is useful. ( ) .

51. Useless going to school. . 52. It is better to go to school. . 53. We had better go to school. / 54. We made him go to school. . 55. We didnt make him go to school. . 56. To go to school we are ready. . 57. We used to go to school . 58. Shall we go to school? ? 59. Lets go to school. . 60. We feel like going to school. . 61. We dont feel like going to school. . .

62. We felt like going to school. . 63. We didnt feel like going to school. . 64. We have been going to school. / . 65. We had been going to school. / . 66. We see him going to school. . 67. We dont see him going to school. . 68. We saw him going to school. . 69. We didnt see him going to school. . 70. If we go to school, we will get good results. , 71. If we dont go to school, we wont get good results. . 72. If we gone to school, we would have got good results. .( 73. It is time we went to school. . ) .

1. I am getting up now.
. 2. I am going to toilet. . 3. I am brushing my teeth. . 4. I am having a bath. . 5. I am having some tea. . 6. I am dressing. . 7. I am practicing my religion. . 8. I am having breakfast. . 9. I am worshiping my parents. . 10. I am leaving from home. . 11. I am traveling by bus. . 12. I am painting a picture. . 13. I am entering into the Office . 14. I am working. . 15. I am doing my duty. .

16. I am operating a computer. . 17. I am driving a car. . 18. I am asking some quesions with them. . 19. I am sharing my lunch. ( 20. I am working as a team. . 21. I am talking with my friends. . 22. I am leaving from the office to home. . 23. I am waiting for you. . 24. I am coming back to home. . 25. I am having a body wash. ( ) . ) .

26. I am changing my clothes. . 27. I am having a cup of coffee. . 28. I am going to playground. . 29. I am walking. . 30. I am smoking cigarette.

. 31. I am talking with my friends. . 32. I am cracking jokes with others. . 33. I am playing football. . 34. I am answering the phone. . 35. I am having a rest. . 36. I am studying for the exam. . 37. I am reading a book. . 38. I am watching movie. . 39. I am thinking about that. . 40. I am preparing tea. . 41. I am rectifying mistakes. . 42. I am writing an article in Tamil . 43. I am translating English to Tamil. . 44. I am improving my English knowledge. .

45. I am having dinner. ( 46. I am singing a song. . 47. I am doing my homework. . 48. I am practicing English at night. . 49. I am praying. . 50. I am sleeping. . 50 . 2 Positive Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 2. He/ She/ It + is + doing a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb with ing 2. He + She/ It/ is + not + doing a job? Question Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing 2. Is + he/ she/ It + doing a job? 1 50 . He / She / It . : Is he doing a job? ? 50 ) .

Yes, he is doing a job. (hes) , No, he is not doing a job. (isnt) , Is she going to school? ? Yes, she is going to school. (shes) , No, she is not going to school. (isnt) , Is it working? ? Yes, it is working. (its) , No, it is not working. (isnt) , . . . . . .

Its It + is Its It + was Its been It + has been .( .) Its Its " 3 50 you, we, they . Positive Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 3. You/ We/ They + are + doing a job. " . sort form It's been " It's" "been" sort form It's . sort form It's .

Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 3. You/ We/ They + are + not + doing a job Question. Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing 3. Are + you/ we/ they + doing a job? : Are they doing a job? ? Yes, they are doing a job. (theyre) , No, they are not doing a job. (arent) , Are they speaking in English? ? Yes, they are speaking in English. (theyre) , No, they are not speaking in English. (arent) , Are we going to school? ? Yes, we are going to school. (Were) , No, we are not going to school. (arent) , ` (Present Continuous) " " . . . . . . . .

. 1. At the time of speeches :

: I am reading a book at the moment. ( ). ( 2. Temporary Situations : At school, we are studying about classical languages in the week. . " " " . 3. Planned activities (Future Reference) . : I am coming tomorrow. coming" " " , , . " " "Future Reference" For Future Reference: tomorrow next week 4. To describe repeated action : My brother always interrupting me when I study. : . . ." tomorrow " " " "I am " " " : .)

. Signal words (Comman expressions) now at the moment today this week "Irregular verbs" . 10" "Irregular verbs" . verbs.htm . http://aangilam.page.tl/Irregular. " .

done

worst

worst

worst

wobiyogamillamal

"Irregular verbs"

1. I answered the phone

2. I studied English for ten years. . 3. I applied for vacancies.

4. I forgave him. . 5. I travelled by MTR. MTR .( )

6. I came back last Friday. . 7. I asked for an increment. ( / 8. I bought a car. . 9. I wrote an article. . 10. I borrowed money from Sarmilan. . 11. I lent a book to Ravi. / 12. I cracked jokes with others. . 13. I boiled water. . 14. I got wet. . 15. I gave priority to my works. . 16. I got confrontation with my Boss. . 17. I got an appointment. . 18. I got into the bus. . 19. I got a loan from the bank. . 20. I read Thinakkural News paper. . 21. I escaped from the danger. . 22. I studied in Jaffna. .

23. I ironed my clothes. . 24. I invited my friends. . 25. I deposited money to the bank. . 26. I born in 1998. 1998 27. I played football.

28. I introduced her to my family. . 29. I inquired about this. . 30. I informed to police. . 31. I learned driving in Hong Kong.

32. I met Kavitha yesterday . 33. I married in 1995. 1995 34. I played Guitar. . 35. I visited Thailand last year. ( ) 36. I opened a current account. . 37. I sent a message. . 38. I paid in Installments. ( 39. I taught English. . .

40. I went to university. . 41. I repaid the loan. . 42. I arrived ten minutes ago. . 43. I lived in Bangkok for two years. . 44. I worked very hard. . 45. I left from home. . 46. I sang a song. . 47. I practiced English last night. . 48. I forgot her. . 49. I decorated my house. . 50. I wrote a letter to my mother. . Homework: 1: They Subject + Main verb + I spoke in English. You spoke in English. He spoke in English. She spoke in English. It spoke in English. We spoke in English. They spoke in English. / . . . . . . I( ) . . You, He, She, It, We,

2: 50 . .

4 "verb" , . Irregular verbs

3:

'

'

' . . .

'

: , . . 1. Regular verbs - with regular verbs + ed 2. Irregular verbs - The past form for irregular verbs is variable. You need to learn it by heart. 1. Regular verbs ed : I played cricket I visited Japan last year I watched TV last night Study "y" . : I studied English. Live, Love " e" -d : I lived in Australia for two years. 2. Irregular verbs Irregular verbs , . - ied .

. . I I I I I fell off a horse yesterday. went to school taught English wrote a letter slept yesterday

Irregular verbs .

[Simple Past - Signal words] yesterday Last night/ week/ year/century A month ago In 2007 In the past

. .

. .

(Pronunciation) "regular verbs" . Agreed Loved Judged Begged Cleaned g d d d d ( D) Stopped - /t/ Laughed - /t/ Washed - /t/ Watched - /t/ Talked - /t/ ( t) . . d ed . .

Needed Collected -

d d ( d) .

Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + will + do a job. . Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + wont + do a job Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb Will + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + do a job? "Auxiliary verb" .

"Subject"

"Subject"

. . Will you do a job? ? Yes, I will do a job , No, I wont do a job. (will + not) , Will you speak in English? ? Yes, I will speak in English. , No, I wont speak in English. (will + not) , Will you go to school? ? Yes, I will go to school. , . No, I wont go to school. (will + not) , . .

. . , . . . 1. I will open the door. . 2. I will apply for vacancies. . 3. I will speak in English fluently. .( 4. I will ask for an increment. ( / 5. I will ask for a transfer. . 6. I will celebrate my birthday. . 7. I will consult Dr. Sivaram. ( ) 8. I will control my temper. . 9. I will negotiate the auto charges. . 10. I will stop smoking. . 11. I will help him. . 12. I will open a current account. . 13. I will obey your rules and regulations. ) ,

. 14. I will pick up this work. . 15. I will resign from the job. . 16. I will correct the mistakes. . 17. I will play football. . 18. I will do my duty. . 19. I will follow a computer course. . 20. I will forget her. . 21. I will solve problems. . 22. I will speak English in the office . 23. I will go to university. . 24. I will translate English to Tamil. . 25. I will give up these habits. . 26. I will study for the exam. . 27. I will do my homework. . 28. I will become stronger. . 29. I will become chief executive of Hong Kong. . 30. I will become prime minister of India.

. 31. I will take treatment for my hand. . 32. I will introduce him to you. . 33. I will untie this knot. . 34. I will build my dream house. / 35. I will co-operate with others. . 36. I will discuss about this problem. . 37. I will drop you in Vavuniya junction. . 38. I will buy a bens car. . 39. I will bank the money. . 40. I will come up in my life. . 41. I will draw salary US$ 100,000 monthly. . 42. I will fly to America. ( ) 43. I will go to Europe. . 44. I will invite my friends for festival. . 45. I will improve my English knowledge. . 46. I will practice English at night. . 47. I will become wealthy. .

. 48. I will get married after few months. . 49. I will become chief executive. . 50. I will become famous in the world. . Homework: A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They . B. 50 C. (Simple Future Tense) , , . "will" .

, . .

. , . . , "Spoken English"

. .

. "I am speaking in English" " , ( , . BBC . BBC Business English (Pronounciation) . , . . ) . . "

"short form" . Affirmative short form I will - I'll You will - You'll He will - He'll She will - She'll It will - It'll We will - We'll You will - You'll They will - They'll Negative short forms

. "short form"

"Sort Forms" . I will not - I'll not - I won't You will not - You'll not - You won't He will not - He'll not - He won't She will not - She'll not - She won't It will not - It'll not - It won't We will not - We'll not - We won't You will not - You'll not - You won't They will not - They'll not - They won't wont will + not . (Short form of will + not)

want - "

" .( .)

: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Future will Future going to Present continuous used as future. Future Continuous Future perfect simple Future perfect continuous Future will . . Future "will" . 1. , , .

I will come tomorrow. He will work with us. I will win. 2. I think the Indian cricket team will win the match. . I think you will like her . 100% . . . ( "Future prediction" ) . . "will" probably, possibly, I think, I hope. 3. "will" . . . .

I will be there on time. (

(promise) )

.(

I promise, I will be there on time, dont worry. , .

"

" . . . . .

, .( .)

13 . 11,000 21,000 PKP "1000" . Traffic Statistics . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + ing . . (23 2008) .( . 2008 6 ) 27

I /He /She /It + was + doing a job. You / We /They + were + doing a job. 'Subject' Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb + ing I /He /She /It + wasnt + doing a job You /We /They + werent + doing a job Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + ing Was + I /he /she /it + doing a job? Were + you /we /they + doing a job? , Subject . . . "

Auxiliary verb " "

"

. Were you doing a job? ? Yes, I was doing a job. , No, I wasnt doing a job. (was + not) , Was he speaking in English? ? Yes, he was speaking in English. , No, he wasnt speaking in English. (was + not) , Were you going to school? ? Yes, we were going to school. , No, we werent going to school. (were + not) , (Affirmative Sentences) . . 1. I was reading a book. . . . 25 . . .

2. I was looking for a job. . 3. I was studying. . 4. I was watching television. . 5. I was making dinner. ( 6. I was waiting in the bus stand. . 7. I was waiting for you. . 8. I was talking with my fiance / 9. I was snowboarding. . 10. I was driving through the desert. ( ) 11. I was sitting at the class room. . 12. I was listening to the news. . 13. I was discussing with my father. . 14. I was complaining to police . 15. I was listening to my iPod. . 16. I was sleeping last night. . 17. I was writing the email. . 18. I was working at the factory. . . ) .

19. I was eating bread. . 20. I was playing soccer. . 21. I was walking on the street. . 22. I was singing in the concert. . 23. I was wearing a full sleeves shirt. . 24. I was walking past the car. . 25. I was eating ice-cream. . Homework: 1. 25 , . 2. 25 . (I/ He/ She/ It They 3. were + verb with ing , ? . . , . . , .) , , He, She, It, You, We, They . was + verb with ing . You/ We/

Past Continuous Tense . (There are five main uses of this tense) :

1. . : I was reading a book yesterday evening. . ? , .

. (Action or situation that had already started and was still continuing at a particular time.) 25 . The sun was shining this morning. . The birds were singing. . The children were playing in the garden. . -1 .

2.

, .

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. 6.PM , At midnight, we were driving through the desert. , Yesterday at this time, I was talking with my family. , -2

3. , , . "used to" .) : She was always coming to class late.

always, constantly . ,

. (Used to

. Karuna was always irritating me. . I didnt like him because, He was constantly talking. , ( . -3 1, 2, 3 . 4. . (two actions were happening at the same time.) : Malathi was writing a letter while Pandian was reading the News paper. . Sothiya was cooking dinner while her friend was setting the table. . The baby was crying while we were having our dinner. . I was studying while she was making dinner. ( . People were sleeping while army was shelling. ) .

. -4 5. . . (use the Past Continuous tense with the Past Simple tense) : I was walking in the park ( rain. ( ) ) when it started to ,

I was walking in the park when it started to rain. . I was brushing my teeth when my mother called me. . I was eating dinner when somebody knocked on the door ( . Ravi was sleeping last night when someone stole his car. . I was walking past the car when it exploded . I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang. . -5 )

While, When 1: Malathi was writing a letter while Pandian was reading the News paper. .

Malathi was writing a letter . while ( ) ( )

Pandian was reading the News paper. . ? . " " 2: I was walking in the park when it started to rain. . . I was walking in the park when it started to rain ? . " ." . ( ) . .

"background situation" :

. I was studying while she was making dinner. While I was studying, she was making dinner. I was walking past the car when it exploded. When the car exploded, I was walking past it.

Adverb always, only, never, ever, still, just , . She was coming to class late. . " " .

She was always coming to class late. . Signal words while when 11. I will be doing a job. . 12. I won't be doing a job. . . "Future Continuous Tense" "Future Progress Tense" .

. (The future continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the future.) Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + will + be + doing a job. . Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb with ing I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + wont + be + doing a job Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing Will + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be + doing a job?

"Subject"

: "Auxiliary verb" . " "

"Auxiliary verb" "Subject" " . (invariable) . . Will you be doing a job? ? Yes, I will be doing a job. , No, I wont be doing a job. , Will you be speaking in English? ? Yes, I will be speaking in English. , No, I wont be speaking in English. , Will you be going to school? ? Yes, I will be going to school. , No, I wont be going to school. (will + not) , . . . .

. .

(Affirmative Sentence) . . 1. I will be speaking in English. . 2. I will be sitting on the beach. . 3. I will be sun-bathing in Bali. .

4. I will be coming back to home . 5. I will be staying with my friend. . 6. I will be celebrating my birthday. . 7. I will be signing the contract. ( 8. I will be playing tennis at 10 am. 10 9. I will be lying on a beach tomorrow . . 10. I will be having dinner at home. ( ) 11. I will be singing in the concert on Tuesday. . 12. I will be going to Norway this summer. ( 13. I will be coming to work next week. . 14. I will be working this weekend. . 15. I will be sleeping in the hotel. . 16. I will be eating dinner with my friends this evening . 17. I will be dancing at the party. . 18. I will be doing my duty. . 19. I will be practicing English at night . 20. I will be speaking English in the office . ) . )

21. I will be going to university. . 22. I will be translating English to Tamil. . 23. I will be flying on the flight. . 24. I will be studying for the exam. . 25. I will be doing my homework. . Homework: A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They . B. . C. (Future Continuous Tense) , , . . : . I will be waiting for you when your plane arrives tonight. . Sarmilan will be playing on the computer when his mother comes home. . I will be studying when you come. . At the same time tomorrow I will be staying in America. . 25

. .

. ,

am going to buy a new car tomorrow. . 2. , ( , : Look at that cloud. I think it is going to rain. . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + going to + Main verb 1. I + am + going to + do a job 2. He/ She/ It + is + going to + do a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are + going to + do a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + going to + Main verb 1. I + am + not + going to + do a job 2. He/ She/ It + is + not + going to + do a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are + not + going to + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + going to + Main verb 1. Am + I + going to + do a job? 2. Is + he/ she/ It + going to + do a job? 3. Are + you/ we/ they + going to + do a job? Subject . First Person Singular, Third person Singular, Second Person Singular and Plural . 1 Are you going to do a job? ? . ) (something is going to happen in the future) .

"Auxiliary verb " "going to"

Yes, I am going to do a job. (Im) , No, I am not going to do a job. (Im not) , Are you going to speak in English?

. .

? Yes, I am going to speak in English. (Im) , . No, I am not going to speak in English. (Im not) , . Are you going to learn English grammar through Tamil? ? Yes, I am going to learn English grammar through Tamil. (Im) , . No, I am not going to learn English grammar through Tamil. (Im not) , 2 Is he going to do a job? ? Yes, he is going to do a job. (hes) , No, he is not going to do a job. (isnt) , Is she going to go to school? ? Yes, she is going to go to school. (shes) , No, she is not going to go to school. (isnt) , Is it going to rain? ? Yes, it is going to rain. (its) , . No, it is not going to rain. (isnt) , 3 Are they going to do a job? ? Yes, they are going to do a job. (theyre) , No, they are not going to do a job. (arent) . . . . .

, Are they going to speak in English? ? Yes, they are going to speak in English. (theyre) , . No, they are not going to speak in English. (arent) , Are we going to win? ? Yes, we are going to win. (were) , No, we are not going to win. (arent) , Affirmative Sentences . 1. I am going to sing at the party. . 2. I am going to see him today evening. . 3. I am going to have lunch with my customer. ( ) 4. I am going to fly to Germany . 5. I am going to go on vacation. ( 6. I am going to see what he can do. . . .

( 7. I am going to talk in the meeting. . 8. I am going to visit PKPs blog. PKP 9. I am going to buy a BMW car. BMW 10. I am going to help to Sensolai. . 11. I am going to write an English grammar book. .

. 12. I am going to go swimming. . 13. I am going to paint the house . 14. I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. . 15. I am going to miss the train. . 16. I am going to tell history of Tamil. . 17. I am going to help to people. . 18. I am going to get down meals from canteen. . 19. I am going to watch a movie . 20. I am going to climb that mountain one day .( 21. I am going to leave from Sri Lanka. . 22. I am going to start our own business. . 23. I am going to make jam . 24. I am going to play golf with Sarmilan . 25. I am going to win the world. . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + going to + Main verb 1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + going to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were + going to + do a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + going to + Main verb )

1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + not + going to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were + not + going to + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + going to + Main verb 1. Was + I/ he/ she/ it + going to + do a job? 2. Were + you/ we/ they + going to + do a job? Subject . First Person Singular and Third person Singular, Second Person Singular and Plural . (Listening Practice)
Future in the Past...

"Auxiliary verb " "going to"

1 Was I going to do a job? ? Yes, I was going to do a job. , . No, I was not going to do a job. (wasnt) , Was he going to go to school? ? Yes, he was going to go to school. , . No, he wasnt going to go to school. (was + not) , Was she going to learn English? ? Yes, she was going to learn English. , . No, she wasnt going to learn English. (was + not) , . 2 Were you going to do a job? ? Yes, you were going to do a job. , . No, you werent going to do a job. (were + not)

, Were we going to speak in English?

? Yes, we were going to speak in English. , . No, we werent going to speak in English. (were + not) , . Were they going to learn English grammar? ? Yes, they were going to learn English grammar. , . No, they werent going to learn English grammar. (were + not) , . Affirmative Sentences . 1. I was going to join the military. . 2. I was going to tell a lie. . 3. I was going to die in the accident. . 4. I was going to fly to Canada . 5. I was going to go on vacation. .

6. I was going to say my love. . 7. I was going to send a SMS. . 8. I was going to go to university. . 9. I was going to buy a BMW car. BMW 10. I was going to wash the dishes. . 11. I was going to write my autobiography.

. 12. I was going to go swim in the sea. . 13. I was going to play in the playground

14. I was going to buy a motorcycle. . 15. I was going to miss the bus. . 16. I was going to fight with them. . 17. I was going to waste my time. . 18. I was going to seek political asylum in Thailand. . 19. I was going to watch a movie . 20. I was going to go to the party

21. I was going to join the gym. . 22. I was going to die in Sri Lankan air raid . 23. I was going to kill him . 24. I was going to take some photos . 25. I was going to travel around the world. .( Homework: 1. . 2. He, She, It, You, They, We 25 )

. 3. ) , . . 4. . ( , , ,

I was going to visit my uncle in Point Pedro last year, but I couldn't get the pass. , .( ) I was going to wash the dishes, but there wasn't enough time. , ( . I was going to rent a motorbike but I rented a car instead. ( . I was going to take some photos but I forgot my camera. ( ) . )

I was going to go to Kowloon park but I had homework to do at home. . : (Forms) , , , . went . , ,

. . I can drive a car. I am able to drive a car.

2. I can swim in the sea. I am able to swim in the sea. . 3. I can play tennis. I am able to play tennis. . 4. I can speak five languages I am able to speak five languages . 5. I can use my credit card. I am able to use my credit card ( 6. I can change my email ID. I am able to change my email ID. . 7. I can hear your heartbeat. I am able to hear your heartbeat. . 8. I can get USA citizenship I am able to get USA citizenship. USA )

9. I can upload a game to my ipod. I am able to upload a game to my ipod. . 10. I can imagine I am able to imagine . 11. I can see clearly now I am able to see clearly now.

. 12. I can save images from the Internet I am able to save images from the Internet . 13. I can download Tamil movies I am able to download Tamil movies . 14. I can practice my religion freely. I am able to practice my religion freely. .( 15. I can believe it I am able to believe it. . 16. I can become a pilot I am able to become a pilot . 17. I can change my template I am able to change my template. . 18. I can become a famous lawyer I am able to become a famous lawyer . 19. I can become an astronaut I am able to become an astronaut . 20. I can buy new products I am able to buy new products )

21. I can do it alone. I am able to do it alone. . 22. I can walk slowly I am able to walk slowly . 23. I can tolerate it I am able to tolerate it . 24. I can practice English at night I am able to practice English at night

25. I can learn English in aangilam.blogspot.com. I am able to learn English in aangilam.blogspot.com. aangilam.blogspot.com 19. I could do a job. 20. I was able to do a job. . 21. I couldn't do a job. 22. I was unable to do a job. (wasn't able to) . can, am/is/are able to could, was/were able to could able to . . -1 Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb 1. I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + could + do a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb 1. I/ He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + could + not + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb 1. Could + I/ he/ she/ it/ you/ we/ they + do a job? I, He, She, It, You, We, They "Could" . "could" was/were able to" . was/were

. (Could is invariable; there is only one form of could.) . Could you do a job? ? Yes, I could do a job. , No, I couldnt do a job. (could + not) , Could you come last night? ? Yes, I could come last night. . .

, . No, I couldnt come last night. (could + not) , 2

could was/were able to . + able to . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + be + able + infinitive 1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + able + to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were + able + to + do a job. Negative Subject + be + able + infinitive 1. I/ He/ She/ It + was not + able + to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were not + able + to + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Be + subject + able + infinitive 1. Was + I/ he/ she/ It + able + to + do a job? 2. Were + you/ we/ they + able + to + do a job? . . Were you able to do a job? ? Yes, I was able to do a job. , , Were they able to speak five languages? ? Yes, they were able to speak five languages. , . No, they were unable to speak five languages. (were not able to) , . could able to . was/were . ) .

No, I was unable to do a job. (was not able to

. (You can use either "could or was/were able to" describe a general ability (but not a specific achievement) in the past.) .

1. I could swim when I was 5 years old. I was able to swim when I was 5 years old. . 2. I could run the 100 meter race very well. I was able to run the 100 meter race very well. 100 ( ) 3. I could see the sun rise every morning. I was able to see the sun rise every morning. . 4. I could sing very well when I was a child. I was able to sing very well when I was a child. . 5. I could draw pictures. I was able to draw pictures . 6. I could ride a bike when I was six. I was able to ride a bike when I was six. ( 7. I could drive my car yesterday I was able to drive my car yesterday. . 8. I could take photographs I was able to take photographs . 9. I could climb tree. I was able to climb tree. . 10. I could read when I was five. I was able to read when I was five. )

1. Can you speak in English, please? Could you speak in English, please? / 2. Can you make a cup of tea for me, please? Could you make a cup of tea for me, please?

? 3. Can you help me, please? Could you help me, please? / ?

4. Can I ask a question, please? Could I ask a question, please? ? 5. Can you tell me what time it is, please? Could you tell me what time it is, please? ? 6. Can I have some advice, please? Could I have some advice, please? ? 7. Can you send me a catalogue, please? Could you send me a catalogue, please? ? 8. Can you tell me where the bank is, please? Could you tell me where the bank is, please? ? 9. Can I have your opinion, please? Could I have your opinion, please? ? 10. Can you wait a moment, please? Could you wait a moment, please? ? 11. Can I ask something personal, please? Could I ask something personal, please? ? 12. Can I have a glass of water, please? Could I have a glass of water, please? ? 13. Can I have your name, please? Could I have your name, please? ? 14. Can you spell your name, please? Could you spell your name, please? ? 15. Can I smoke in this room, please? Could I smoke in this room, please? ? 16. Can you give some aspirin, please? Could you give some aspirin, please? ( )?

17. Can you lend me your news paper, please? Could you lend me your news paper, please? ? 18. Can I use your phone, please? Could I use your phone, please? ? 19. Can I borrow your dictionary? Could I borrow your dictionary? ? 20. Can I see your driving license, please? Could I see your driving license, please? ? 21. Can I speak to Sarmilan, please? Could I speak to Sarmilan, please? / 22. Can I have a kilo of apples, please? Could I have a kilo of apples, please? ? 23. Can I help you, Madam? Could I help you, Madam? ? 24. Can you help me with my homework? Could you help me with my homework? / 25. Can I have the bill, please? Could I have the bill, please? ? : "Polite and More Polite" , : Can I have the bill, please? Could I have the bill, please? Certainly sir. Ill just bring it. Can you help me, please? Could you help me, please? Of course I can. Sorry, I am just too busy. . ? ?

" :

"

: , . , . ," " . . I will be able to study. . 2. I will be able to study both arts and sciences. . 3. I will be able to dance. . 4. I will be able to vote. . 5. I will be able to go to China. . 6. I will be able to improve my English knowledge. . 7. I will be able to speak in English. . 8. I will be able to become a chief executive. . 9. I will be able to pass the exam. . 10. I will be able to fly to Canada , ,

. 11. I will be able to vote via internet. . 12. I will be able to solve problems . 13. I will be able to become an IPS officer. IPS 14. I will be able to receive voice-mail. . 15. I will be able to come to New York. . 16. I will be able to get my land. . 17. I will be able to become famous in the world. . 18. I will be able to buy a submarine. . 19. I will be able to do my duty accurately. . 20. I will be able to marry next year. . 21. I will be able to swim in the sea. . 22. I will be able to solve problems. . 23. I will be able to submit to the court. . 24. I will be able to demonstrate that. . 25. I will be able to win the world

Nouns Verbs Adjectives /

Adverbs Pronouns Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections -

. Nouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, , . : Manager Car England Sarmilan Tamil He is a Manager. . >>>

Verbs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. : Do Come Speak Ask Go I do a job. . >>>

Adjectives / ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, , ( ) . . :

Red Yellow Big Small Beautiful She is a beautiful girl. . >>>

Adverbs / ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. : Usually Really Immediately Quickly Softly Usually I do a job. . >>> /

Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------; . : He She It him her Sarmilan speaks in English. . He speaks in English. . >>>

Prepositions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. : in at on for since Do you work on Mondays? ? >>> , , ,

Conjunctions / ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . : and but or than because I ate bread and butter. . >>>

Interjections ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. : Wow! Ha! Hi! hello! Oh! Wow! I won the match! !

>>>

Eight Parts of Speech in a Sentence

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Sarmilan goes to School. (Three Parts) Noun Verb Preposition Noun . Sarmilan and his sister go to school. (Five Parts) Noun Conjunction Pronoun Noun Verb Preposition Noun . Sarmilan and his little sister go to school. (Six Parts) Noun Conjunction Pronoun Adjective Noun Verb Preposition Noun . Wow! Sarmilan and his little sister go to school happily. (All Eight Parts of Speech) Interjection Noun Conjunction Pronoun Adjective Noun Verb Preposition Noun Adverb ! . (Nouns) , , " " . . : Common Nouns man, boy, girl, shop, tree, clock, actor, mobile . . Proper Nouns Peter, Sarmilan, Tamilvani, Hong Kong, Vijai, Nokia . . Countable Nouns car-cars, child-children, tree- two trees . , , ,

. Uncountable Nouns water, fire, air, alcohol, blood, cotton, education . . Collective Nouns a group of things, a flock of birds, faculty, audience, team, crowd ( " Concrete Nouns Ford, dog, piano, herd, dancer, football, toy, White House, " . . Abstract Nouns intelligence, love, hate, bravery " " Compound Nouns Blackboard, Homeland, without, wallpaper, brother-in-law . , , " . , . ) "

. I may be able to go to Australia. . 2. I may be able to read novels in the hostel. .

3. I may be able to sing in the concert. . 4. I may be able to vote next year. . 5. I may be able to go to China. . 6. I may be able to return back home tomorrow. . 7. I may be able to buy an iPhone. . 8. I may be able to submit to the court. . 9. I may be able to demonstrate that. . 10. I may be able to marry next year. . Homework: A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They . B. 10 C. D. . , . . . , , . .

Positive (Affirmative) Subject + be + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + sould + be able + to do a job.

Negative Subject + be + not + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + should + not + be able + to do a job Question (Interrogative) Be + subject + be able + infinitive Should + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be able + to do a job? : 1. , . 2. + be able to . 3. . (be able to has an infinitive form) to , , (First, Second, Third person) "should be able to"

. Should you be able to do a job? ? Yes, I should be able to do a job. , No, I shouldnt be able to do a job. , Should you be able to speak perfect English very soon? ? Yes, I should be able to speak perfect English very soon. , No, I shouldnt be able to speak perfect English very soon. , . 10 . 1. I should be able to go to university. . . . .

2. I should be able to speak perfect English very soon. . 3. I should be able to improve my English knowledge. .

4. I should be able to become a chief executive. . 5. I should be able to practice English every day. . 6. I should be able to go tomorrow ( 7. I should be able to change my name. )

8. I should be able to answer. . 9. I should be able to build a house . 10. I should be able to publish an English grammar book. . Homework: A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They . B. 10 c. , "Should be able to" . .

(Question) . ? ( . " . : Should you be able to buy a ticket on the train? " ) , ?

? Should you be able to take your gun to work? ? Should you be able to vote without your ID card? ? Should you be able to sell your kidneys on the open market? ? Should you be able to buy a piece of the moon? ? (Positive) . : Madonna should be able to adopt a child. . Two things a man should be able to do. . I think I should be able to go tomorrow. . Muslims in Britain should be able to live under Sharia law. . You should be able to post comments anonymously without your ID. . (Negative) ) . : 5 things you shouldn't be able to buy on eBay. 5 Parents shouldn't be able to name kids whatever they want. , ( ,

You shouldnt be able to buy a piece of the moon. / User shouldn't be able to change the metadata file name. . Some people shouldn't be able to vote in Sri Lanka. .

. I have done a job. (Present Perfect) . 2. I have just done a job. ( ) 3. I had done a job. (Past Perfect) . 4. I had done a job long ago. ( 5. I wish I had done a job. . 6. I will have done a job. (Future Perfect) . 7. I have been doing a job. (Present Perfect Continuous) / 8. I had been doing a job. (Past Perfect Continuous) / 9. I will have been doing a job. (Future Perfect Continuous) ( ) 10. He may have done a job. . 11. He might have done a job. . 12. He must have done a job. . 13. He would have done a job. . ) .

14. He could have done a job. . 15. He should have done a job. . 16. He shouldnt have done a job. (should + not) . .( / )

17. He neednt have done a job. (need + not) ( ) 18. He seems to have done a job. . 19. Having done a job I have got experience. .

10 , 19 . . 1. I have done 2. I have written 3. I have chosen 4. I have worked 5. I have watched. 6. He has spoken 7. He has started. 8. She has cooked. 9. She has visited 10. She has walked . . . . .

. . .

. .

. . .

Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb (Past participle) I/ You/ We/ They + have + done a job. He/ She/ It + has + done a job. (Auxiliary verb) "Past participle" Negative .

Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb (Past participle) I/ You/ We/ They + have + not + done a job. He/ She/ It + has + not + done a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb (Past participle) Have + I/ you/ we/ they + done a job? Has + he/ she/ it + done a job? Have/ Has Past participle . 1 1 Have you done a job? ? Yes, I have done a job , No, I havent done a job. (have + not) , Has he lived here for 20 years? 20 Yes, He has lived here for 20 years. , 20 No, He hasnt lived here for 20 years. (has + not) , 20 Have you seen Thesaththin puyalkal movie? ? Yes, I have seen Thesaththin puyalkal movie twenty times. , No, I havent seen Thesaththin puyalkal movie. (have + not) , 25 . 1. I have seen that movie many times. . . ? . . "Subject"

. .

. . .

2. I have met him once before. . 3. I have traveled by MTR . . .

4. I have done my homework. . 5. I have been to England three times. . 6. I have come here many times . 7. I have worked here since 2002. 2002 8. I have studied two foreign languages . 9. I have cured many deadly diseases. . 10. I have cleaned my room. . 11. I have seen that movie six times in the last month. . 12. I have been to Mexico in the last year. . 13. I have lived in Canada for five years . 14. I have worked at the University since 1999 1999 15. I have seen that girl before . 16. I have written some English Grammar lessons. . 17. I have worked here since June. . 18. I have written five letters. . 19. I have cooked dinner . 20. I have lived with my parents for over 10 years. 10 .

21. I have played outside for an hour. . 22. I have learned English since 1986. 1986 23. I have gone to the supermarket. . 24. I have played football. . 25. I have lived in that house for 2 years. 2 25

You/ we/ they/ He / She / It .

1. Actions which started in the past and are still continuing He has lived in America for five years. . (" ." .) , ( ( now.) ) . . ) (He started living in America five years ago, and he's still living there

( .) 2. Actions which happened at some unknown time in the past . . . . ? .

I have already seen that film. .

( .) 3. Actions which happened in the past, but have an effect in the present

. ; . . ? ! ) I have lost my keys . . ( . .

( ( ( )) ), .

4. Recently completed action Grammar Patterns 7 . ) 2. I have just done a job. . .( . ,( )

.) : Present Perfect . (Signal Words of Present Perfect) Ever Never just Yet Already So far Up to now Recently, Since For not yet till now

Ever Have you ever been to Germany? ? Have you ever met him? ? Have you ever eaten Pizza? Z Has he ever talked to you about the problem? ? Never I have never been to Australia. . I've never seen so many people like this. . He has never traveled by train. . ( Ever, Never Present Perfect Tense ?

.) Just I have just installed AVG anti-virus . For I have been an English teacher for more than five years. . Since I haven't seen Sarmilan since 2002. 2002 .) Yet He hasn't done it yet. . (Short Forms) I + have = Ive - ( ) ) ) ) .( . .

You + have = youve - ( We + have = weve - ( They + have = Theyve - ( He + has = Hes - ( She + has = Shes - ( It + has = Its - ( He + is = Hes She + is = Shes It + is = Its ) ) )

He has, She has, It has . . He is, She is, It is . . ?

Hes, Shes, Its

Hes, Shes, Its

. "+ ing"

"Present Perfect" Past Participle .

: Present Continuous He is doing a job. - Hes doing a job. She is doing a job. - Shes doing a job. It is doing a job. - Its doing a job. Present Perfect He has done a job. - Hes done a job. (Past participle) She has done a job. - Shes done a job. (Past participle) It has done a job. - Its done a job. (Past participle) do - did - done done Past participle . Irregular verbs ! , . , .

. , . . : Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Relative Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns . .

. . Subject Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

I He It

( ) , ( , : )

You She We You They -

Kennedy spoke about genocide war in Sri Lanka. . He spoke about genocide war in Sri Lanka. . (Kennedy .) Object Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. me you him her it us you them : I love her , ( , ) ( ) He

Reflexive Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. myself yourself -

himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves : I cut my hair myself. ( / .) , ,

Possessive Pronouns ( ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs : This house is ours. ,

Adjective

my your his her its our your their ,

: This is our house. . (Possessive - Adjective) This is our house. (Adjective) . This house is ours. (Possessive) . Demonstrative Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. This That These Those : This book is new but those books are old. . ( book books .) This is new but those are old. . Relative Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. who whom that which whoever whomever whichever : , , , , ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )

I told you about a woman who lives next door. .

. Interrogative Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Who What Where When Whom Which Whoever Whomever Whichever : Where did you go? ? Indefinite Pronouns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. all another every any some nothing several each many few : Each of the members has one vote . , , ( ) , ,

Homework: , . . . . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 1. I /You/ We/ They + have + been + doing a job 2. He/ She/ It + has + been + doing a job. "ing" . Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + verb with ing 1. I /You/ We/ They + have + not + been + doing a job 2. He/ She/ It + has + not + been + doing a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 1. Have + I /you/ we/ they + been + doing a job? 2. Has + he/ she/ It + been + doing a job? verbs) . .

(Auxiliary

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Have you been doing a job? / Yes, I have been doing a job. (Ive) , / . No, I have not been doing a job. (Ive not, I havent been) , / . : . . . " ?" / / " .

? 02. I am doing a job. . " 64. I have been doing a job. / .

, .

, . " / " " / .) How long . for, since : How long have you been doing a job? ? I have been doing a job for 12 months. 12 How long have you been studying English? ? I have been studying English since 2002. (Ive) 2002 How long have you been staying in Hong Kong? ( ) I have been staying in Hong Kong for 6 years. ( ) . . . " .(

? 6 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

) (for, since) . .

1. I have been waiting here for two hours. . 2. I have been working at that company for three years. . 3. I have been doing for the last 30 minutes. /

30

4. I have been teaching at the university since June. ( . 5. I have been waiting here for over two hours. . 6. I have been waiting for you for three hours. . ( 7. I have been watching too much television lately. . 8. I have been exercising lately. ( ) 9. I have been doing the work. . 10. I have been studying English for four years . 11. I have been living here since 1998. 1998 12. I have been working at BBC for three years BBC 13. I have been exporting to China since 1999. 1999 . . .) )

14. I have been studying for 3 hours. . 15. I have been watching TV since 7pm. TV 7 16. I have been playing football for a long time. . 17. I have been living in Bangkok since I left school. . 18. I have been standing here for over half an hour. . 19. I have been looking for a summer holiday job for two weeks. ( ) . 20. I have been writing novels since 1968. 1968 21. I have been getting good results over the last few years. . 22. I have been painting my house since last night. / . 23. I have been driving for 14 years ( ) .

14

24 . I have been reading this lesson for the past 10 minutes 10 24. I have been blogging since 2007 ( ) .

2007

25. I have been teaching at Hong Kong University for 6 years. 6 . Homework: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 . He, She, It, You, We, They . ;

. How How How How How long long long long long have have have have have you you you you you been been been been been staying in your country? going to school? working here? practicing English? .?

(Short Forms) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Positive Short forms I have been = I've been You have been = You've been We have been = We've been They have been = They've been He has been = He's been She has been = She's been It has been = It's been Negative Short forms . I have not been = I've not been / I haven't been You have not been = You've not been / You haven't been We have not been = We've not been / We haven't been They have not been = They've not been / They haven't been He has not been = He's not been / He hasn't been She has not been = She's not been / She hasn't been It has not been = It's not been / It hasn't been " . : How long have you been studying English? ? I've been studying English for four years. . For four years. - " ." . " . ,

How long have you been living in Hong Kong? ? I've been living here since 2003. 2003 since 2003. - "2003 " . .

(Signal words) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------since for all week for days lately recently over the last few months : How long

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . - 01 . (Actions beginning in the past and still continuing)

- 02

. (Action that has just stopped or recently stopped)

. . I had been waiting there for more than 45 minutes. 45 2. I had been working for over an hour.

. 3. I had been standing all day in the school. . 4. I had been teaching at that university for three years . 5. I had been doing the work. . 6. I had been studying English for five years . 7. I had been living there since 1997. 1997 8. I had been talking with Mr. Obama for over half an hour . 9. I had been driving for 10 years in Japan ( ) 10 10. I had been waiting in the Hong Kong airport for two hours . . I had been waiting in the airport for more than two hours when you arrived. . I had been talking with Mr. Obama for over half an hour before you arrived. .( .) I had been learning English for two years before I left for America. .( .) Grandma wanted to sit down because she had been standing all day in the hospital. .( .) Sarmilan was tired because he had been exercising so hard. .

1. It is done. . 2. It is being done. . 3. It was done. . 4. It was being done. . 5. It will be done. . 6. It will be being done. . 7. It would be done. . 8. It would be being done. . 9. It is not done. . 10. It wasnt done. (was + not)

11. It won't be done. (will + not) . 12. It has been done. ( / 13. It has been being done. ( / . 14. It had been done. (

15. It had been being done. ( / 16. It will have been done.

( 17. It will have been being done. ( 18. It is to be done.

. 19. It was to be done. . 20. It is going to be done. . 21. It was going to be done. . 22. It can be done. . 23. It can't be done. . 24. It could be done. . 25. It couldn't be done. . 26. It must be done. ( ) 27. It must not be done. ( ) 28. It should be done. . 29. It shouldnt be done. . 30. It ought to be done. . 31. It has to be done. . 32. It doesn't have to be done. . 33. It had to be done.

/ 34. It didn't have to be done. / 35. It will have to be done. / 36. It wont have to be done. / 37. It need be done. . 38. It needn't be done. . 39. It may be done. . 40. It may have been done. . 41. It must have been done. .

. 42. It would have been done. . 43. It wouldn't have been done. . 44. It could have been done. .( 45. It should have been done. .( 46. It shouldn't have been done. .( 47. It ought to have been done. .( ) ) )

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. . 2. . 3. , . ,

4. ( 5. , .

( ,

) , ...)

(Passive Voice) Hong Kong Island was occupied by British forces in 1841 1841 ( .) A young female Tamil journalist was arrested by the Police on suspicion. . ( .) Two decomposed bodies of Tamils were discovered on Friday. . Tamils were abducted by unidentified armed persons. . ( .) An university Tamil girl was kidnapped on December 31 morning. 31 . ( .) Navanethem Pillay was appointed as new United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. . ( .) Barack Hussein Obama was elected President of the United States on 5 Nov 2008. 5 2008 . 31 1841 .

(2008

5 .)

Annathurai is considered an intellectual and a brilliant Tamil scholar. . ( .) " . , . Homework: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 47 ; . . . , 1. Ravi is investigated by police. . 2. The Robot is made by Japan . 3. His interview is postponed . 4. She is appointed as Managing Director. . 47 "

5. My wallet is stolen. . 6. It is made . 7. Sitha is kidnapped by Iravanan. . 8. The letter is sent by post. .

9. The man is killed by Army. . 10. It is done by Government of Sri Lanka . Direct Object - Indirect Object ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . Direct Object . Direct Object: . Indirect Object .

. Ravi was investigated by police. . The Robot was made by Japan / Sitha was kidnapped by Iravanan. . The letter was sent by post. . The men was killed by Army. .( The window was broken by Sarmilan. . Indirect Object: http://aangilam.blogspot.com )

(Indirect Object) . , . . 1. . 2.

. 3. .( Ravi was investigated. .( .) The Robot was made. .( , .) Sitha was kidnapped. .( ) The letter was sent. .( ) The men was killed. .( .) The window was broken. .( .) : http://aangilam.blogspot.com 1. , . Grammar Patterns 01 2. "Past Participle" . 3. .( .) 2010 . . Irregular verbs . (Main Verb) . (Passive Voice) , .)

, .

" . . the, a, an . Definite Article Indefinite Articles (Define Article) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. The .

. . .

, (The)

. : The car. ( / )

The book. ( / )

The beautiful girl ( / ) . (Indefinite Articles) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( .

),

) ; , ,

. . a an : a car ( ) a book ( a beautiful girl ( He is an Indian ( : 1. "a" , . . (Use a/an - Vowels and Consonant) 2. Define Article . Article Define Articles Define Article s . (The) . " . , " "an" , " , " . ) ) . ) ,

"Article" . " . Article: Article: article: Article: , ( .( ( ) ) ) . "

, ?

. ( Subject + to be + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun The book is + on + the table. The letter is + under + your English book. " " . : (one word) I am staying at home. I spoke to her on wednesday morning. I bought this computer in the summer. (a group of word) The cat is on the left of the dog. The driver is in front of passengers. , .)

They are at the top of stairs. . (at home, on water), (in it, next to me), (noun phrase) (across from the tall building) . 1. 2. 3. (Time Prepositions) (Place Prepositions) (Direction Prepositions) . " " (Prepositions of Time) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" , . . "at" . (a specific time) . at at at at at at at at at at at at at at 3 o'clock 9:00am noon dinnertime bedtime sunrise sunset the moment night midnight daybreak the weekend the same time present "at" " , " , , " . . ,

at Chritmas/Easter "in" "in" in in in in in in in in in in in in January February March April May June July Augest September October November December (Season) . (Months) .

"in" in in in in Spring Summer Winter Autumn

(Articles) "the" "autumn" . in in in in the spring (in the springtime) the summer (in the summertime) the winter (in the wintertime) autumn (in autumntime) : "fall" "in" in 2008 in 1990 in 2009 in last year, in next year, in every year . (Years) "autumn" . , "the"

. last year next year every year "in" . in the morning in the afternoon in the evening " " "at night" . (in night / in the night .) "in" in in in in in the next century the Ice Age the past a few days a couple of months . (Times of the Day)

"on" (Dates) , "in" on on on on January 3 January 3, 2001 25 Dec. 2010 15th Augest 2009 (Days of week) . on on on on on Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday "on" , .) "on" .(

on Friday on Saturday on Saturday morning on Sunday afternoon on Monday evening (Holydays and Special days) "on" on on on on on on on Mother's day Velentine's day Christmas Eve/Day Independence Day New Year's Eve my birthday the first day of the school year : . "at Christmas" . .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

. The stars shine at night

In England, it often snows in December. , Do you work on Mondays? ? I will be there after work. .

I will be there around 3 pm 3 I will be there before I go to school. . .

I have been riding my bicycle for 2 hours. 2 I will be there during your class. ( I will be there for your birthday. ) . .

I wasn't there for the past 2 months.

I didn't see her since I was 10 years old. . I will not be home until 7:00 PM. 7 I will be there within 2 hours. . (List of Prepositions) . , . " . " "Prepositions of Place" "Prepositions of Location" ' something is) "at" . (a specific place) . ' . ("Place Prepositions" means where someone or " . . . .

at home at work at the party at the corner at the top at the bus stop at the entrance at the crossroads at the theater at the beach at the top of the page - ( at the end of the road "in" , ) /

. (a place that within boundaries) : in London " " . . . in a box in Hong Kong in New York in my pocket in my wallet in a building in a car in the garden in the swiming pool in the world "on" " , " . / ( ( ) ) ( . )

" . . " ", . on the wall on the table on the ceiling on the cover on the floor on the carpet on the menu : ,

" ,

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" . : 01. Sarmilan is at home. ( ) . "

02. Kavitha is waiting for you at the bus stop. . 03. Do you work in an office? ? 04. Do you live in Hong Kong? ? 05. The book is on the table. . ( 06. Put it down on the table. . ( 07. She is aboard the boat. . ) .)

( 08. The picture is above the sofa.

.)

. 09. Last year we flew to New York ( 10. I usually go to work by bus. . 11. The desk is against the wall. . 12. I sit between Mayuran and Praba . 13. The woman is among all workers. , 14. The boy is among his friends. . 15. The passangers behind the driver. . 16. The desk is below the window . 17. The car is outside the garage. . 18. There is a long line of people outside the theater. . 20. The post office is on the opposite side of the street. . . )

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(at - in - on) .

at home at work at school at university at college at the top at the bottom at the side at reception in a car - ( in a taxi in a helicopter in a boat in a lift (elevator) in the newspaper in the sky in a row on a bus - ( on a train on a plane on a ship on a bicycle on a horse on the radio on television on the left on the right on the way ) ) /

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------? " . " .

. next to at the back of at the top of at the bottom of in fornt of in the corner of in the middle of on the left of on the right of on the corner of on top of on the side of on the other side of to the left of to the right of " " . 01. I live next to my best friend. ( 02. We are going to sit at the back of the theater. . 03. The books are at the top of the shelves. . 04. The driver is in front of passenger. . 05. We live in the middle of the street. . 06. The dog is on the right of the cat. . 07. We live on the corner of 3rd avenue . 08. The clown is on top of the box. . 09. There is a man on the top of the roof. ) .

. ( .)

10. There is a large garden in the middle of the skyscraper. . (152 " 01 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, (Different words same meaning) , . : near / by = " . next to / beside = " . across from / opposite = " . 02 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. " " " . " (Skyscraper) .)

. (Some prepositions are similar, but different) :

below / under : below " " ,

"

"

The desk is below the window. under " " . above / over above " " . The baloon was high above our heads. over " . . The girl is wearing scaf over her head. . . . ; . and More Polite . . Do you know the way to...? Can you tell me the way to...? Can you tell me the easy way to...? Can you tell me the best way to...? (More Polite) "Could", "Would", . Polite " , " " " " : ,

Could you tell me the way to...please? Could you tell me the easy way to...please? Could you tell me the best way to...please? Would you tell me the way to...please? Could you please tell me the way to...? Would you mind telling me...please?

. Where the nearest HSBC bank is? What the best way to get there? What the easy way is? What is the quickest way to Discovery bay? How can I get there? How to get Stanley beach? How to find nearest Welcome Shop? What the easy way to post office? , . Form" . "Polite

Could you tell me where the nearest HSBC bank is? Could you tell me what the best way to get there? Could you tell me what the easy way is? Could you tell me what is the quickest way to Discovery bay? Could you tell me how can I get there? Could you tell me how to get Stanley beach? Could you tell me how to find nearest Welcome Shop? Could you tell me what the easy way to post office please? Would you mind telling me what the easy way to post office please? , " / / " . : Excuse me, could you tell me the way to HSBC bank please? Certainly, go straight along this road, take the first/second/third turning on the right, HSBC bank is on your left/right/front. , , , . , ,

, . , .

Excuse me, could you tell me the way to...please? Go straight along this road/take the first turning on the right/...is on your left. Thanks, you've been very helpful. Don't mention it. Good luck. / to interrupt" Excuse me, could you tell me the way to...please? Sorry to interrupt, could you tell me the way to...please? I'm sorry to interrupt you, could you tell me the way to...please? "Giving Direction" . "Excuse me", "Sorry .

!!.

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