EXERCISE 3.

3 West conducted an experiment with adult aphasic subjects, in which each was required to respond to one 62 commands. Five subjects received an experimental treatment program, and five controls received conventional speech therapy. Table 3.8 shows the percentage of correct responses of each subject in the two groups following treatment. Do these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the experimental treatment improves the proportion of correct responses? Let = 0.05. Table 3.8 Percentage of correct responses to 62 commands by aphasic subject in two treatment groups. Experimental (x) 73 42 90 58 62 Experimental (Y) 50 23 68 40 45

Solution: 1) Hypotheses

(claim)

2) Test statistic

Experimental (x) 42 58 62 73 90 Total

Rank 3 6 7 9 10 35

Experimental (Y) 23 40 45 50 68

Rank 1 2 4 5 8

S = 35

By using the formula:

3) Decision

From the table A.7 show that

Test statistic, T = 20

Since

, thus we do not reject

4) Conclusion Not enough evidence to support the claim that the experimental treatment improves the proportion of correct responses.

EXERCISE 3.4 Table 3.9 shows the tidal volume of 37 adults suffering from atrial septal defect. In 26 of these, pulmonary hypertension was absent, and in 11 it was present. The data were reported by Ressel et al. do these provide sufficient evidence to indicate a lower tidal volume in subjects without pulmonary hypertension? Let

Table 3.9 Tidal volume, in millimeters, in two groups of subjects. Pulmonary Hypertension absent Case (X) 1 652 2 556 3 618 4 500 5 500 6 526 7 511 8 538 9 440 10 547 11 605 12 500 13 437 14 481 15 572 16 589 17 605 18 436 19 724 20 515 21 552 22 722 23 778 24 677 25 680 26 428 Pulmonary hypertension absent Case (Y) 1 876 2 556 3 493 4 348 5 530 6 780 7 569 8 546 9 766 10 819 11 710

Solution: 1) Hypotheses:

2)

Test statistic: Rank 2 3 4 5 6 9 9 9 11 12 13 15 17 18 19.5 22 23 24.5 24.5 26 27 28 29 31 32 34 453.5 Y 348 493 530 546 556 569 710 766 780 819 876 766 876 Rank 1 7 14 16 19.5 21 30 33 35 36 37 33 37

X 428 436 437 440 481 500 500 500 511 515 526 538 547 552 556 572 589 605 605 618 652 677 680 722 724 778 Total of rank (S)

By using formula:

Where =26 = 453.5

Sum of rank in sample X and

= Sample size of X

3)

Decision:

By using formula:

, which is Thus, we do not reject

4) Conclusion: There is not enough evidence to support the claim that to indicate a lower tidal volume in subjects without pulmonary hypertension.

Exercise 3.27 To study the effects of prolonged inhalation of cadmium, Princi and Greever exposed 10 dogs to cadmium oxide, while 10 dogs serving as controls were not exposed to this substance. At the end of the experiment, they determined the levels of hemoglobin of the 20 dogs, shown in Table 3.45. let =0.05 and use the Mann-Whitney test to determine if one may conclude that, on the average, inhalation of cadmium causes a reduction in hemoglobin levels in dogs. Table 3.45 : Hemoglobin determinations, grams, in twenty dogs

Exposed to cadmium oxide (X) 14.6 15.8 16.4 14.6 14.9 14.3 14.7 17.2 16.8 16.1

Controls (Y)

15.5 17.9 15.5 16.7 17.6 16.8 16.7 16.8 17.2 18.0

Solution: 1) Hypotheses

H0: Mx My H1: Mx < My (claim)

2) Test statistic Score (X) 14.6 15.8 16.4 14.6 Rank 2.5 8 10 2.5 Score (Y) 15.5 17.9 15.5 16.7 Rank 6.5 19 6.5 11.5

14.9 14.3 14.7 17.2 16.8 16.1 Total:

5 1 4 16.5 14 9 72.5

17.6 16.8 16.7 16.8 17.2 18.0

18 14 11.5 14 16.5 20

3) Decision

Table A.7 shows that , W = 28 for n1=10 , n2= 10 and =0.05

T = 17.5, W = 28

Since T < W , thus we reject H0

4) Conclusion

Enough evidence to support the claim that on the average, inhalation of cadmium causes a reduction in hemoglobin levels in dogs.