Annual Energy Review 2009

Annual Energy Review 2009
The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's
(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data
begin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,
consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,
electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financial
and environment indicators; and data unit conversions.
Publication of this report is required under Public Law 9591 (Department of
Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities
given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:
The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,
comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program
which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data
and information....
The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,
energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers
regarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.
Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually
1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, and 1966-1969) are not shown on the tables in
the printed report or the Portable Document Format (PDF) files; however, all years
of data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperText Markup Language
(HTML) files.
Comprehensive Changes: Most AER 2009 tables and figures carry a new
year of data (usually 2009), which are often preliminary and likely to be revised
next year, and revisions to much of the 2008 data, which are now final in many
cases.
Monthly Data: The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analysts
may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIAs monthly releases
that offer updates to the most recent years data. In particular, see the Monthly
Energy Review at http://www.eia.gov/mer for statistics that include updates to
many of the annual series in this report.
Released for printing: August 19, 2010
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The AER is available on EIAs website in a variety of formats at:
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Report tables: Excel, HTML, and PDF files
Table data (unrounded): Excel files
Graphs: PDF files
Note: In many cases, PDF files display selected annual data; Excel and HTML
files display all years of data available. Excel files display the greatest data precision available.
Printed with soy ink on recycled paper.
DOE/EIA-0384(2009)
Annual Energy Review 2009

August 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIAs data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this
report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other
Federal agencies.
Contacts
The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Integrated Energy Statistics
Division, Domestic Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T. Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments about the AER
may be referred to Ryan Repice, 202-586-5828 (ryan.repice@eia.gov), the National Energy Information Center, 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov), or to the following
subject specialists:
1. Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ryan Repice
ryan.repice@eia.gov
202-586-5828
2. Energy Consumption by Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Adler
Residential Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James Berry
Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . Joelle Michaels
robert.adler@eia.gov
james.berry@eia.gov
joelle.michaels@eia.gov
202-586-1134
202-586-5543
202-586-8952
3. Financial Indicators
Financial Reporting System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Schmitt
robert.schmitt@eia.gov
202-586-8644
4. Energy Resources
Petroleum and Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert F. King
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . George Warholic
Uranium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doug Bonnar
robert.king@eia.gov
george.warholic@eia.gov
douglas.bonnar@eia.gov
202-586-4787
202-586-2307
202-586-1085
5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew Breslin

Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marlana Anderson
matt.breslin@eia.gov
marlana.anderson@eia.gov
202-586-2992
202-586-2970
6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joseph Conklin
joseph.conklin@eia.gov
202-586-6664
7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paulette Young
paulette.young@eia.gov
202-586-1719
8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Channele Wirman
channele.wirman@eia.gov
202-586-5356
9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John R. Moens
john.moens@eia.gov
202-586-1509
10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louise Guey-Lee
louise.guey-lee@eia.gov
202-586-1293
11. International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith
patricia.smith@eia.gov
202-586-6925
12. Environment
Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perry Lindstrom
Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natalie Ko
perry.lindstrom@eia.gov
natalie.ko@eia.gov
202-586-0934
202-586-3139
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
iii
Preface
This twenty-eighth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the U.S.
Energy Information Administrations (EIA) most comprehensive look at integrated
energy statistics. The summary statistics on the Nations energy production,
consumption, trade, stocks, and prices cover all major energy commodities and all
energy-consuming sectors of the U.S. economy from 1949 through 2009. The AER
is EIAs historical record of energy statistics and, because the coverage spans six
decades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analysis.
The AER is a companion report to EIAs Monthly Energy Review (MER), and it
covers most MER series over a much longer time span. Numerous additional
series are included in the AER. The additional series are available because EIAs
surveys, on which both reports are largely based, provide more extensive coverage
of annual statistics than of monthly statistics.
AER statistics for recent years, particular 2009, are more likely than statistics for earlier
years to be revised by EIA as new information becomes available. The MER, therefore,
is the recommended source for the most recent statistics for many of the AER series.
For the most part, fuel-specific statistics in the AER are expressed in physical units,
such as barrels, cubic feet, short tons, and kilowatthours. Summary statistics in
Sections 1 and 2, however, are expressed in British thermal units (Btu), which
allows different fuels to be compared and integrated summary statistics, such as the
U.S. consumption of primary energy, to be calculated.
The AER emphasizes domestic energy statistics. Sections 1 through 10 and 12 are
devoted to U.S. statistics, while Section 11 is devoted to international statistics.
Trade statistics are the exception. For example, statistics on petroleum imports by
country of origin have been included in Section 5, Petroleum, in order to give a
complete picture of petroleum statistics in one place in the report.
Publication of the AER each year is in keeping with responsibilities given EIA in
Section 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy Organization Act, Public Law 95-91.
The report is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,
energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers
regarding its energy statistics. To make a suggestion or to obtain specific information regarding the contents of the AER, readers may contact any of the subject
specialists listed as contacts on the preceding page.
Printed copies of the Annual Energy Review 2009 may be obtained by contacting the
U.S. Government Printing Office or the National Energy Information Center, as
listed on the inside front cover of this report. The information in this report is also
available electronically at http://www.eia.gov/aer.
Contents
Page
Energy Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Sections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Appendices
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Flow Diagrams
Energy Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Petroleum Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Natural Gas Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Coal Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Electricity Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
vii
Tables
Page
1. Energy Overview
1.1
Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2
Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3
Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4
Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5
Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.7
Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.8
Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.9
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2008, and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.1a
Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.1c
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.1e
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.1f
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.2
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.4
Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.5
Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.6
Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.7
Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.8
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.9
Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
Tables
Page
3. Financial IndicatorsContinued
3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
85
87
89
91
93
94
4. Energy Resources
4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.5
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration
and Development Expenditures, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1974-2008. . . . . . . 117
4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
5. Petroleum
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13a
5.13b
5.13c
5.13d
Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
154
155
156
157
ix
Tables
Page
5. PetroleumContinued
5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
5.15
Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
6. Natural Gas
6.1
Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
7. Coal
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
8. Electricity
8.1
8.2a
8.2b
8.2c
8.2d
8.3a
8.3b
8.3c
x
Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
227
230
231
232
233
235
236
237
Tables
Page
8. ElectricityContinued
8.4a
Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
8.4c
Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
8.5a
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
8.5c
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
8.6a
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
8.6c
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
8.7a
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . 254
8.7c
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
8.8
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
8.9
Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
9. Nuclear Energy
9.1
Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
9.3
Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
10. Renewable Energy
10.1
Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2c
Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4
Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5
Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.7
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2000-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
283
286
287
289
291
293
295
297
299
xi
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Page
10. Renewable EnergyContinued
10.8
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
10.9
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
11. International Energy
11.1
World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
11.2
World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
11.3
World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
11.4
World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
11.5
World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
11.6
World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
11.7
Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
11.8
Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
11.9
World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1999-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
11.14 World Coal Production, 1999-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1999-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
12. Environment
12.1
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Total (All Sector) and Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . .
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5
Methane Emissions, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6
Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . .
12.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.8
Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
347
349
351
353
355
357
359
360
361
363
Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors

A1.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
A2.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
A3.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
xii
Tables
Page
Appendix A. Thermal Conversion FactorsContinued
A4.
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
A5.
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
A6.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
B1.
Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
B2.
Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
B3.
Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator
D1.
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945
E1.
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1775-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
xiii
Figures
Page
1. Energy Overview
1.0
Energy Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2
Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3
Primary Energy Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4
Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5
Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.7
Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.8
Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.9
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2008, and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.0
Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.1a
Energy Consumption by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.4
Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.5
Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.6
Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.7
Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.8
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.9
Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
xiv
Figures
Page
3.
Financial IndicatorsContinued
3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
86
88
90
92
4. Energy Resources
4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.5
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration
and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5. Petroleum
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13a
5.13b
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
Petroleum Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
127
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
150
152
153
158
162
164
166
xv
Figures
Page
5. PetroleumContinued
5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
6. Natural Gas
6.0
Natural Gas Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1
Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
185
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
7. Coal
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
8. Electricity
8.0
8.1
8.2a
8.2b
8.3
8.4
8.5a
8.5b
xvi
Coal Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Coal Production, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Electricity Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Figures
Page
8.
ElectricityContinued
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11a
8.11b
8.12
8.13
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2009. . . . . 248
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
9. Nuclear Energy
9.1
Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
9.3
Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
10. Renewable Energy
10.1
Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
10.2c
Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
10.4
Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
10.5
Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
10.6
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
10.7
Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
10.8
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
10.9
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
11. International Energy
11.1
World Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
11.2
World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
11.3
World Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
11.4
World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
11.5
World Crude Oil Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
11.6
World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
11.7
Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
11.8
Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
11.9
World Crude Oil Refining Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
11.10 World Petroleum Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
xvii
Figures
Page
11. International EnergyContinued
11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
11.14 World Coal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
11.15 World Coal Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
12. Environment
12.1
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
12.5
Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
12.6
Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
12.7
Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
12.8
Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Division
C1.
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
xviii
Energy Perspectives
Overview
Figure 1. Primary Energy Overview
Figure 2. Energy Consumption per Person

Figure 2. Energy Consumption per Person
120
500
Peak: 359 in 1978 and 1979
400
Consumption
80
60
Million Btu
Quadrillion Btu
100
Production
40
300
200
214 in 1949
100
Imports
20
308 in 2009
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Thousand Btu
Figure
3. Energy
Consumption
per Real
Dollar
of Gross
Figure
3. Energy
Use per Dollar
of Gross
Domestic
Product
Domestic Product
1970
1980
1990
2000
Figure 4. Primary Energy Consumption by Source

Figure 4. Energy Consumption by Source
25
100
20
15
7.28 in 2009
10
15.89 in 1970
5
0
1950
1960
Energy use per person stood at 214 million British thermal units (Btu) in
1949. The rate generally increased until the oil price shocks of the mid1970s and early 1980s when the trend reversed for a few years. From 1988
on, the rate held fairly steady until the 2008-2009 economic downturn. In
2009, 308 million Btu of energy were consumed per person, 44 percent
above the 1949 rate.
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Quadrillion Btu
per Chained
(2005)
Dollar(2005) Dolla
Thousand
Btu per
Chained
The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s when
energy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point,
the Nation began to import more energy to meet its needs. In 2009, net
imported energy accounted for 24 percent of all energy consumed.
0
1950
2000
75
Fossil Fuels
50
Nuclear Electric Power
25
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar's worth of

the Nation's output of goods and services trended down. The decline
resulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the economy. The level in 2009 was 54 percent below that of 1970.
Most energy consumed in the United States comes from fossil fuels.
Renewable energy resources supplied a small but growing portion. In the
late 1950s, nuclear fuel began to be used to generate electricity. From
1998 through 2009, nuclear electric power surpassed renewable energy.
xix
Consumption by Source
Figure 5. Primary Energy Consumption by Source, 1775-2009
Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source
50
Quadrillion Btu
40
Petroleum
30
Hydroelectric
Power
20
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Electric
Power
10
Wood
0
1775
1800
1825
1850
1875
1900
1925
1950
Figure 6. Energy
Consumption
From the
Annual Energy Outlook Reference Case, 2010-2035
Figure
6. EnergyOutlook
Consumption
Outlook
50
Liquid Fuels
Quadrillion Btu
40
30
Natural Gas
Coal
20
Non-Hydroelectric Renewable Energy
10
Hydroelectric Power
0
2010
1
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Petroleum-derived fuels and non-petroleum-derived fuels, such as fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and coal-based synthetic liquids.
xx
1975
2000
The Nations energy history is one of largescale change as new forms of energy
develop. Wood served as the primary
form of energy until about 1885, when it
was surpassed by coal.
Despite its
tremendous and rapid expansion, coal was
in turn overtaken by petroleum in the
middle of the 20th century. In the second
half of the 20th century, natural gas experienced rapid development, and coal began
to expand again. Late in the century, still
other forms of energyhydroelectric power
and nuclear electric powerwere developed and supplied significant amounts of
energy.
The reference case from the U.S. Energy
Information
Administrations
Annual
Energy Outlook 2010, which assumes
current laws and regulations remain
unchanged, projects that fossil fuels
continue to provide most of the energy
consumed in the United States over the
next 25 years. The fossil-fuel share of
overall energy use declines, however, as
the role of renewable forms of energy
grows.
Non-hydroelectric
renewable
energy is projected to double by 2035.
Consumption by Sector
Figure 7.
1. Total
Energy
Energy
Overview
Consumption by End-Use Sector
Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use
Figure 8. Residential and Commercial Total Energy

Figure 8. Residential and Commercial Energy Consumption
Consumption, Major Sources
40
24
30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Industrial
Transportation
20
10
Residential
Commercial
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
18
12
Electricity
Natural Gas
6
0
1950
2000
Losses
Petroleum
Coal
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.
All four major economic sectors of the economy recorded tremendous

growth in their use of energy. The industrial sector used the biggest share of
total energy and showed the greatest volatility; in particular, steep drops
occurred in the sector in 1975, 1980-1982, 2001, 2008, and 2009 largely in
response to high oil prices and economic slowdown.
Figure 9. Industrial Total Energy Consumption, Major Sources

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption
In the 1950s and 1960s, coal, which had been important to residential and
commercial consumers, was gradually replaced by other forms of energy.
Petroleum consumption peaked in the early 1970s. Natural gas consumption grew fast until the early 1970s, and then, with mild fluctuations, held
fairly steady in the following years. Meanwhile, electricity use (and related
losses) expanded dramatically.
Figure 10. Transportation Total Energy Consumption

Figure 10. Transportation Energy Consumption
12
32
Natural Gas
9
Losses
Electricity
Coal
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Petroleum
24
Total
Petroleum
16
Renewable
Energy
Biomass
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.
Coal, once the predominant form of energy in the industrial sector, gave way
to natural gas and petroleum in the late 1950s. Both natural gas and petroleum use expanded rapidly until the early 1970s, and then fluctuated widely
over the following decades. Use of electricity and biomass trended upward.
Transportation sector use of energy experienced tremendous growth overall;

however, there were year-to-year declines, particularly in the early 1980s and
in 2008 and 2009. Throughout the 1949-to-2009 period, petroleum supplied
most of the demand for transportation energy; in 2009, petroleum accounted
for 94 percent of the transportation sector's total use of energy. Natural gas
and renewable energy accounted for the remainder.
xxi
Production and Trade

Figure 11. Primary Energy Production by Major Source
Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source
Figure 12. Production as Share of Consumption for Coal,

Figure 12. Fossil Fuel Production as Share
Natural Gas, and Petroleum
125
25
Coal
Coal
100
Percent
Natural Gas
75
50
Petroleum
20
25
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
The United States almost always produced more than enough coal for its
own requirements. For many years, the United States was also selfsufficient in natural gas, but after 1967, it produced less than it consumed
each year. Petroleum production fell far short of domestic demands, requiring the Nation to rely on imported supplies.
Quadrillion Btu
15
Crude Oil
10
Figure 13. Primary Energy Imports and Exports

Figure 13. Energy Imports and Exports
40
Nuclear Electric
Power
5
Hydroelectric
Power
NGPL
Quadrillion Btu
Total Imports
30
Petroleum
Imports
20
10
Total
Exports
Biomass
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
Coal Exports
1990
Petroleum
Exports
2000
Natural gas plant liquids.
Most energy produced in the United States came from fossil fuelscoal,
natural gas, and crude oil. Coal, the leading source at the middle of the 20th
century, was surpassed by crude oil and then by natural gas. By the mid1980s, coal again became the leading energy source produced in the United
States, and crude oil declined sharply. In the 1970s, electricity produced
from nuclear fuel began to make a significant contribution and expanded
rapidly in the following decades.
xxii
Since the mid-1950s, the Nation imported more energy than it exported. In
2009, the United States imported 30 quadrillion Btu of energy and exported 7
quadrillion Btu. Most imported energy was in the form of petroleum; since
1986, natural gas imports expanded rapidly as well. Through 1992, most
exported energy was in the form of coal; after that, petroleum exports often
exceeded coal exports.
Petroleum Overview and Crude Oil Production

Figure 14. Petroleum Overview
Figure 14. Petroleum Overview
Figure 15. 48 States and Alaskan Crude Oil Production

48 States and Alaskan Crude Oil
10
20
Million Barrels per Day
25
Consumption
15
Production
10
5
0
1950
Net Imports
48 States
6
4
Alaska
2
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1960
Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.

Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.
When U.S. production of crude oil and natural gas plant liquids peaked at
11.3 million barrels per day in 1970, net imports stood at 3.2 million barrels
per day. In 2009, production was 7.2 million barrels per day, and net
imports were 9.7 million barrels per day.
Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity

Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity
1970
1980
1990
2000
United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
Crude oil production peaked in the 48 States at 9.4 million barrels per day
in 1970. As production fell in the 48 States, Alaska's production came online and helped supply U.S. needs. Alaskan production peaked at 2.0
million barrels per day in 1988; in 2009, Alaska's production stood at 32
percent of its peak level, or 0.6 million barrels per day.
Figure
17.
Oil
and
Natural
Figure
17.Crude
Crude
Oil
and
NaturalGas
GasRotary
RotaryRigs
Rigsin Operation
5
20
Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981
4
15
Peak: 18.6
in 1972
10
10.1
in 2009
5
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Crude oil well productivity rose sharply in the 1960s and reached a peak of
18.6 barrels per day per well in 1972. After 1972, productivity trended downward to a 55-year low. The 2008 rate of 9.4 barrels per day per well was 51
percent of the 1972 peak. In 2009, productivity rose to 10.1 barrels per day
per well.
Thousand Rigs
Barrels per Day per Well
3
2
1
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Rotary rig activity declined sharply from 1955 to 1971. After 1971, the
number of rigs in operation began to climb again, and a peak of nearly 4
thousand rigs in operation was registered in 1981. In 2009, 1,089 rigs were
in operation, a 42 percent drop from 2008 and only 27 percent of the peak
level in 1981.
xxiii
Petroleum Consumption and Prices

Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector
Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector
Figure 19. Petroleum Consumption by Selected Product

Figure 19. Petroleum Consumption by Selected Product
10
Transportation
10
Electric Power
Industrial
Residential and Commercial
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
15
Transportation was the largest consuming sector of petroleum and the one
showing the greatest expansion. In 2009, 13.3 million barrels per day of
petroleum products were consumed for transportation purposes, accounting
for 71 percent of all petroleum used.
Figure
20.20.
Crude
OilOil
Refiner
Acquisition
Cost
Figure
Crude
Refiner
Acquisition
Cost
Distillate Fuel Oil

LPG
2
Jet Fuel
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Motor gasoline was the single largest petroleum product consumed in the
United States. Its consumption stood at 9.0 million barrels per day in 2009,
48 percent of all petroleum consumption. Distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), and jet fuel were other important products. The use of
residual fuel oil fell off sharply after 1977.
Figure
21. Retail Price of Motor Gasoline, All Grades
4.00
3.50
Dollars per Gallon
Dollars per Barrel

Liquefied petroleum gases.
100
80
60
40
Real
20
3.00
2.50
2.00
Real
1.50
1.00
Nominal
0.50
Nominal
0
1970
1975
1980
0.00
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Composite of domestic and imported crude oil.

In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflator.
Unadjusted for inflation (nominal dollars), the refiner acquisition composite

(domestic and foreign) cost of crude oil reached $35.24 per barrel in 1981.
Over the years that followed, the price fell dramatically to a low of $12.52 per
barrel in 1998 before rising again. The preliminary nominal price reported for
2009 was $59.27 per barrel, a decrease of 37 percent over the 2008 price.
xxiv
Motor Gasoline
Residual
Fuel Oil
0
1950
2000

Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflator.
In nominal (unadjusted for inflation) dollars, Americans paid an average of

65 per gallon for motor gasoline in 1978. The 2009 average price of $2.40
was more than five times the 1978 rate; adjusted for inflation, it was 36
percent higher.
Petroleum Trade
Figure 22. Petroleum Trade
Figure 22. Petroleum Trade
Figure 23. Petroleum Imports From OPEC and Non-OPEC
10
8
Crude Oil Imports
6
Petroleum
Product Imports
10
12
Non-OPEC
6
OPEC
4
2
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
1960
2000
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
U.S. crude oil imports grew rapidly from mid-20th century until the late
1970s, but fell sharply from 1979 to 1985. The trend resumed upward from
1985 through 2004, then remained flat through 2007, before dropping in
2008 and 2009. In 2009, crude oil imports were 9.1 million barrels per day;
petroleum product imports were 2.7 million barrels per day; and, exports
were 2.0 million barrels per day, mainly in the form of distillate and residual
fuel oils.
U.S. petroleum imports rose sharply in the 1970s, and reliance on petroleum
from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) grew.
In 2009, 41 percent of U.S. petroleum imports came from OPEC countries,
down from 70 percent in 1977. After 1992, more petroleum came into the
United States from non-OPEC countries than from OPEC countries.
Figure
24.24.Petroleum
Imports
From Selected
OPEC Countries
Figure
Imports From
Selected
OPEC Countries
Figure 25. Petroleum Imports From Canada and Mexico

Figure 25. Imports From Canada and Mexico
2.5
Saudi Arabia
1.5
Venezuela
Nigeria
1.0
0.5
Iraq
0.0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2.0
2.0
1.5
Canada
1.0
Mexico
0.5
0.0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Among OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigerianations

from three different continentswere key suppliers of petroleum to the U.S.
market. Each experienced wide fluctuation in the amount of petroleum it
sold to the United States over the decades. In 2009, 0.4 million barrels per
day of petroleum came into the United States from Iraq.
Canada and Mexico were the largest non-OPEC suppliers of petroleum to

the United States. In 2009, imports from Canada reached a new high of 2.5
million barrels per day. Imports from Mexico were insignificant until the mid1970s, when they began to play a key role in U.S. supplies. Canadian and
Mexican petroleum together accounted for 32 percent of all U.S. imports in
2009.
xxv
Petroleum Stocks
Figure 26. Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Figure 27. Total Petroleum Stocks and the SPR
Million Barrels
1,000
Million Barrels (Cumulative)
1,200
Crude Oil
800
600
Petroleum
Products
400
200
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2,000
Total
1,500
SPR
1,000
0
1950
2000
Includes crude oil and lease condensate stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Non-SPR1
500
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Through 1983, the Nation held most of its petroleum storage in the form of
products, which were ready for the market. After 1983, most petroleum in
storage was in the form of crude oil (including that held by the government in
the Strategic Petroleum Reserve) that still needed to be refined into usable
end products. At the end of 2009, petroleum stocks totaled 1.8 billion
barrels, 59 percent crude oil and 41 percent products.
In 1977, the United States began filling the Strategic Petroleum Reserve
(SPR), a national reserve of petroleum stocks in case of emergency. At the
end of 2009, the SPR held 727 million barrels of crude oil, 41 percent of all
U.S. petroleum stocks.
Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for the SPR

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for SPR
Figure 29. SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports

Figure 29. SPR Stocks as Days' Worth of Net Imports
125
100
75
Days
Million Barrels
100
50
25
75
50
25
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Imported by the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) and imported by others for the SPR.
Most crude oil in the SPR was imported and came in during the early 1980s.
In fact, from 1991 through 1997, only 14 million barrels were imported for the
reserve, and in 3 of those years, no oil at all was imported for the reserve.
SPR imports picked up again after 1997, and stored another 176 million
barrels from 1998 through 2009.
xxvi
Stocks are often measured by the number of days of total net imports of
petroleum that could be met by the reserve in an emergency. The peak level
occurred in 1985 when the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) could have
supplied 115 days of petroleum net imports, at the 1985 level. The rate
trended down for many years, falling to 50 days in 2001. In 2009, SPR held
75 days of net imports.
Motor Vehicles
Figure 31. Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption
Figure 31. Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption
175
Fuel Economy
Index 1973=100
150
gd
125
Mileage
100
75
Fuel Consumption
50
25
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle
Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators

Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators
Heavy-Duty Trucks
4
3
2
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs
Passenger Cars
2000
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Sport utility vehicles. Motorcycles are included through 1989.
Average fuel consumption rates for heavy-duty trucks greatly exceeded

those for other vehicle and trended upward over timedoubling from 2.3
thousand gallons per truck in 1966 to 4.6 thousand gallons per truck in 2002.
Average fuel consumption rates for passenger cars, and vans, pickup trucks,
and sport utility vehicles were much lower and generally trended downward.
Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage
Figure 33. Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy

Figure 33. Motor Vehicle Fuel Rates
25
32
Passenger Cars
Heavy-Duty Trucks
24
Miles per Gallon
Thousand Miles per Vehicle
The composite motor vehicle fuel economy (miles per gallon) rose 42
percent from 1973 to 1991 and then varied little in subsequent years. Mileage (miles per vehicle) grew steadily from 1980 to 1998, and then remained
near 12 thousand miles per vehicle per year through 2007. Fuel consumption (gallons per vehicle) fell 21 percent from 1973 to 1991, regained 9
percent from 1991 to 1999, and then trended down through 2008.
Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs
16
8
Passenger Cars
20
15

and SUVs
10
Heavy-Duty Trucks
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Heavy-duty truck miles traveled per year, which greatly exceeded other
vehicle categories, grew by 124 percent from 1966 to 2003, decreased 10
percent from 2003 to 2008, and averaged 25.3 thousand miles per vehicle
in 2008. Passenger cars averaged 11.8 thousand miles per vehicle in
2008. Vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles averaged 11.0 thousand miles per vehicle in 2008.
The fuel economy (miles per gallon), of passenger cars and vans, pickup
trucks, and sport utility vehicles (SUVs), improved noticeably from the mid1970s through 2008, with the exception of 2002 and 2003, when the fuel
economy of vans, pickup trucks, and SUVs fell. The fuel economy of
heavy-duty trucks was much lower than for other vehicles, largely due to
their greater size and weight, and showed far less change over time.
Note: Motor vehicles include passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.
xxvii
Natural Gas
Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview
Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview
Figure 35. Natural Gas Well Average Productivity

Figure 35. Natural Gas Well Productivity
500
Consumption
20
Production
15
10
5
Net Imports
0
-5
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Thousand Cubic Feet

per Day per Well
Trillion Cubic Feet
25
Peak: 435 in 1971
400
300
200
104 in 2009
100
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
2000
U.S. natural gas production and consumption were nearly in balance

through 1986. After that, consumption began to outpace production, and
imports of natural gas rose to meet U.S. demand. Production increased
from 2006 through 2009. In 2009, production stood at 21.0 trillion cubic feet
(Tcf), net imports at 2.7 Tcf, and consumption at 22.8 Tcf.
Natural gas well productivity, measured as gross withdrawals per day per
well, grew rapidly in the late 1960s, peaked in 1971, and then fell sharply
until the mid-1980s. Productivity remained fairly steady from 1985 through
1999, fell annually through 2008, and turned up slightly in 2009.
Figure 36. Natural Gas Net Imports as Share of Consumption

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption
Figure 37. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

12
Percent
15
10
4.2%
in
1986
11.7%
in
2009
Trillion Cubic Feet
20
10
Industrial
8
6
Residential
4
Commercial
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Electric Power
0
1950
Transportation
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Net imports of natural gas as a share of consumption remained below 6

percent through 1987. Then, during a period when consumption outpaced
production, the share rose to a peak of 16.4 percent in 2005 and again in
2007. In 2009, the share was 11.7 percent.
xxviii
Throughout the 1949-to-2009 period, the industrial sector consumed more

energy than any other sector and accounted for 32 percent of all natural gas
consumption in 2009. Big fluctuations in the level of consumption were due
to variability in industrial output. Energy consumption by the electric power
sector grew substantially over the same period and, in 2009, accounted for
30 percent of all natural gas consumption.
Coal
Figure 38. Coal Overview
Figure 38. Coal Overview
Figure 39. Coal Consumption by Sector

Figure 39. Coal Consumption by Sector
1.2
0.8
Billion Short Tons
Billion Short Tons
1.2
Production
Consumption
0.4
Electric Power
0.8
0.4
Residential, Commercial,
and Transportation
Industrial
Net Exports
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0.0
1950
2000
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Historically, U.S. coal production usually surpassed U.S. coal consumption.

In 2004 and 2005, however, production and consumption were in balance at
1.11 billion short tons in 2004 and 1.13 billion short tons in 2005. In 2006
through 2009, production again slightly exceeded consumption. Net exports,
which peaked at 111 million short tons in 1981, stood at 36 million short tons
in 2009.
Figure 41. Coal Production by Mining Method

Figure 41. Production by Mining Method
Peak: 6.99 in 2000
900
6
4
1.77 in 1978
5.61
in
2009
2
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Figure 42. Coal Production by Location

Figure 42. Production by Location
600
300
800
Surface
Underground
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
2000
Improved mining technology and the shift toward more

surface-mined coal promoted dramatic improvement in
productivity from the Nation's mines from 1978 through
2000, but productivity declined in most years since
then.
In 1949, one-fourth of U.S. coal came from surface

mines; by 1971, more than one-half was
surface-mined; and in 2009, 69 percent came from
above-ground mines.
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
Short Tons per Employee Hour
Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity
In the 1950s, most coal was consumed in the industrial sector, many homes
were still heated by coal, and the transportation sector consumed coal in
steam-driven trains and ships. By the 1960s, most coal was used for generating electricity. In 2009, the electric power sector accounted for 94 percent
of all coal consumption, on a tonnage basis.
East of the
Mississippi
600
400
200
West of the
Mississippi
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Western coal production expanded tremendously

after 1969 and surpassed Eastern production beginning in 1999. In 2009, an estimated 58 percent of
U.S. coal came from West of the Mississippi.
xxix
Electricity Net Generation, Electric Net Summer Capacity Change,

and Useful Thermal Output
Figure 43. Electricity Net Generation by Sector
Figure 44. Total Electricity Net Generation by Source

Figure 44. Major sources of Net Generation
2.5
Total
(All Sectors)
3.0
Trillion Kilowatthours
4.5
Electric Power
1.5
Commercial
and Industrial
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Coal
2.0
1.5
Natural
Gas
1.0
Renewable
Energy
0.5
0.0
1950
2000
Nuclear
Electric
Petroleum Power
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Total electricity net generation in all sectors grew from 0.3 trillion kilowatthours in 1949 to 4.1 trillion kilowatthours in 2009, failing to increase in only 4
years (1982, 2001, 2008, and 2009) over the entire span. Most generation
was in the electric power sector, but some occurred in the commercial and
industrial sectors.
Most electricity net generation came from coal. In 2009, fossil fuels (coal,
petroleum, and natural gas) accounted for 69 percent of all net generation,
while nuclear electric power contributed 20 percent, and renewable energy
resources 10 percent. In 2009, 66 percent of the net generation from renewable energy resources was derived from conventional hydroelectric power.
Figure 45. Electric Net Summer Capacity Change by Source,

1989-2009
Figure 46. Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-andPower Plants by Sector
300
2.5
269
2.0
Quadrillion Btu
Million Kilowatts
250
200
150
100
50
32
11
3
Electric Power
Sector
-50
Natural
Gas
Wind
Coal
Hydroelectric
Power
Nuclear
Electric
Power
5
-22
Petroleum
1.0
Commercial
0.5
Electric Power
0.0
Other
From 1989 through 2009, natural gas-fired electric net summer capacity
increased dramatically. Coal, hydroelectric power, and nuclear electric
power capacity also increased over the 20-year period. In contrast, petroleum capacity was lower in 2009 than in 1989. Among non-hydroelectric
renewable energy sources, wind capacity increased the most. In the Other
category, wood, waste, and solar capacity registered small increases,
whereas geothermal capacity posted a slight decline.
xxx
Industrial
1.5
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
The non-electrical output at a CHP plant is called useful thermal output.

Useful thermal output is thermal energy that is available from the plant for
use in industrial or commercial processes or heating or cooling
applications. In 2009, the industrial sector generated 1.2 quadrillion Btu of
useful thermal output; the electric power and commercial sectors generated much smaller quantities.
Electricity Prices, Sales, and Trade

Figure
16 47. Average Real Retail Prices of Electricity by Sector
Figure 48. Electricity Retail Sales by Sector

1.5
15
Residential
14
13
Commercial
Chained (2005) Cents per Kilowatthour
12
Residential
11
Industrial
0.5
Commercial
Transportation
0.0
1950
10
9
8
1.0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Enormous growth occurred in the amount of electricity retail sales to the

three major sectorsresidential, commercial, and industrial. Industrial
sector sales showed the greatest volatility. Sales to residences exceeded
sales to industrial sites beginning in the early 1990s, and sales to commercial sites surpassed industrial sales beginning in the late 1990s.
Other
7
Transportation
Figure 49. Electricity Trade

Figure 49. Electricity Trade
Industrial
Billion Kilowatthours
4
3
2
1
0
1960
60
1970
1980
1990
2000
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price
deflators. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
In addition to transportation, Other includes public street and highway lighting agriculture
and irrigation, and other uses.
Over the decades, industrial consumers paid the lowest rates for electricity;
residential customers usually paid the highest prices. Inflation-adjusted
prices rose in all sectors in 2005, 2006, and 2008 but remained well below
the peak price levels of the mid-1980s.
45
30
Imports
15
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Except for a few years in the 1960s when imported and exported electricity
were nearly equal, the United States imported more electricity than it
exported. Most electricity trade occurred with Canada; very small exchanges
occurred between the United States and Mexico. Nonetheless, in 2009, net
imported electricity was less than 0.9 percent of all electricity used in the
United States.
xxxi

Figure 50. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-2009
Figure 51. Nuclear Operable Units
Operable Units
Million Kilowatts
Number of Units
-4
1950
1970
1980
Figure 52. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity
1990
2000
60
30
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Out of the 132 nuclear units that were granted full-power operating licenses, or
equivalent permission, over time, 28 were permanently shut down. The largest
number of units ever operable in the United States was 112 in 1990. From 1998
through 2009, 104 units were operable.
Figure 53. Nuclear Capacity Factor
Figure 54. Nuclear Share of Net Generation

Figure 51. Nuclear Share of Electricity
91% in 2009
101 in 2009
120
25
100
20% in 2009
20
60
30
75
Percent
90
Percent
Million Kilowatts
Peak:
112 Units
in
1990
90
0
1960
Capacity change reflects capacity additions, retirements, and other changes (such
as generator re-ratings). In the nuclear power industry, capacity additions follow the
issuing of full-power operating licenses. Year-to-year capacity additions were the
greatest in the 1970s and 1980s. In fact, nuclear power capacity was added almost
every year from the 1950s through 1990, when growth leveled off.
50
25
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
The U.S. nuclear industry's first commercial plant

opened in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, in 1957.
Nuclear net summer capacity expanded sharply in the
1970s and 1980s. Total net summer capacity stood
at 101 million kilowatts in 2009.
15
10
5
0
1960
xxxii
104 Units in 2009
120
12
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Nuclear capacity factors measure actual nuclear

power generation as a share of maximum possible
output. Factors for the industry, which were in the 50to 60-percent range through the 1980s, generally
improved in later years and stood at 91 percent in
2009.
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Over the latter part of the last century, nuclear electric

power began to play a key role in meeting the Nation's
rapidly growing electricity requirements. In 2009, 20
percent of U.S. total electricity net generation came
from nuclear electric power.
Renewable Energy
Figure
10 55. Renewable Energy Total Consumption
and Major Sources
Total
6
Hydroelectric
Power
4
2
0
1950
Wind
Wood
1970
Electric
Power1
Commercial
4
3
2
Industrial
1
Biofuels
1960
Transportation
5
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Figure 56. Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector

Figure 56. Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector
1980
1990
0
1950
2000
Wood and wood-derived fuels.
Residential
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Total renewable energy consumption generally followed the pattern of

hydroelectric power output, which was the largest component of the total for
most of the years shown. In 2009, hydroelectric power accounted for 35
percent of the total. Wood was the next largest source of renewable energy,
followed by biofuels and wind.
Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector

Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector
Most renewable energy was consumed by the electric power sector to

generate electricity. After 1958, the industrial sector was the second largest
consuming sector of renewable energy; the residential sector was the third
largest consuming sector of renewable energy until it was exceeded by the
transportation sector in 2006.
Figure 58. Solar Thermal Collector Shipments and Trade

Figure 58. Solar Collector Shipments and Trade
25
2.4
1.8
1.2
Residential
Commercial
0.6
0.0
1950
Electric Power
Transportation
1960
1970
1980
Million Square Feet
Quadrillion Btu
Industrial
20
15
Total Shipments
10
5
Imports
Exports
1990
2000
After 1959, the industrial sector consumed the most biomass (wood, waste,
fuel ethanol, and biodiesel). Residential use of biomass (wood) fell through
1973, expanded from 1974 through 1985, and then trended downward again.
Transportation consumption of biomass (fuel ethanol and biodiesel)
expanded after 1996 and, by 2006, exceeded the consumption of biomass
(wood and waste) in both the electric power and residential sectors.
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Notes: Data were not collected for 1985. Shipments include all domestically manufactured
collectors plus imports.
Shipments of solar thermal collectors grew strongly in the 1970s and reached
a peak of 21 million square feet in 1981. Uneven performance marked the
next decade, followed by a mild upward trend during the 1990s. Shipments
rose from 2000 to 2002 and 2004 through 2006 before declining in 2007 and
rising again in 2008. Imports reached a record level of 5.5 million square feet
in 2008.
xxxiii
International Energy
Figure 59. World Primary Energy Production by Source
Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source
Figure 60. World Primary Energy Production by Region

Figure 59. World Primary Energy Production by Region
150
Crude Oil
and NGPL
135
Coal
90
Natural Gas
45
Renewable Energy
North America
100
Eurasia
75
Europe
50
Africa
25
Central and South America
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1998
2005
Asia and Oceania
Middle East
125
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
180
1999
2000
2001 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Although crude oil and natural gas plant liquids consistently accounted for
the largest share of world primary energy production throughout the 1970-to2007 period, all major energy sources exhibited growth. In 2007, the fossil
fuels (crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, natural gas, and coal) accounted for
86 percent of all energy produced worldwide, renewable energy 8 percent,
and nuclear electric power 6 percent.
Figure 62. Leading Crude Oil Producers

Figure 61. Leading Crude Oil Producers
24
40
OPEC
20
1970
1980
1990
2000
12
10
Former U.S.S.R.
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
8
6
Russia
4
Iran
2
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
World
60
0
1960
Figure 63. Leading Petroleum Consumers

Figure 62. Leading Petroleum Consumers
14
80
Figure
100 61. World Crude Oil Production
Twenty-one percent of the 475 quadrillion Btu of energy produced worldwide

in 2007 came from North America. The largest regional energy producer
was Asia and Oceania with 27 percent of the world total in 2007.
United States
18
12
Former U.S.S.R.
Russia
Japan
China
0
1960
India
1970
1980
1990
2000
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
World crude oil production totaled 72 million barrels

per day in 2009, down 2 percent from the level in
2008. OPEC's share of the world total in 2009 was 42
percent, compared to the peak level of 53 percent in
1973.
xxxiv
From 1974 through 1991, the former U.S.S.R. was the

world's leading crude oil producer. After 1991, Saudi
Arabia was the top producer until 2006, when Russia's
production exceeded Saudi Arabia's. U.S. production
peaked in 1970 but still ranked third in 2009.
The United States accounted for 23 percent of world

petroleum consumption in 2008. China and Japan, the
next two leading consumers, together accounted for
15 percent. Russia, Germany, and India were the
next largest consumers of petroleum in 2008.
Emissions
Billion Metric Tons Carbon

Million Metric Tons
Dioxide Equivalent
8
Total
6
Carbon Dioxide
4
2
Other
0
1990
1995
2000
Figure 65. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Use

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide
Figure 64. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Based on Global

Warming Potential
2005
Methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur

hexafluoride (SF6).
2.4
Transportation
Industrial
1.8
1.2
Residential
Commercial
0.6
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: Electric power sector emissions are distributed to the end-use sectors.
Carbon dioxide emitted by the industrial sector fell by 23 percent from 1980
to 2009. By 1999, transportation sector carbon dioxide emissions exceeded
industrial sector emissions. Of the major sectors, the commercial sector
generated the least carbon dioxide, but recorded the largest growth (53
percent) since 1980.
Figure 66. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Figure 67. Methane Emissions by Source
Index 1949=100
800
Real
Gross Domestic Product
600
400
200
0
1950
Energy-Related
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Million Metric Tons of Methane
The combustion of fossil fuelscoal, petroleum, and natural gasto release

their energy creates emissions of carbon dioxide, the most significant greenhouse gas. Total carbon dioxide emissions stood at 6 billion metric tons of
gas in 2008, 16 percent higher than the 1990 level.
15
Waste Management
Energy
10
Agriculture
5
Industrial Processes
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Based on chained (2005) dollars. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
The increase in energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from 1949 through

the mid 1970s correlated strongly with an increase in energy consumption,
which in turned appeared to be linked to economic growth. After the mid
1970s, however, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions increased more
slowly than inflation-adjusted gross domestic product. In 2009, during an
economic downturn, emissions decreased 7 percent from the 2008 level.
In 2008, methane emissions accounted for 10 percent of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, weighted by global warming potential (see Global
Warming Potential in Glossary). Most methane emissions came from
energy, waste management, and agricultural sources. The production,
processing, and distribution of natural gas accounted for 60 percent of the
energy-related methane emissions in 2008.
xxxv
Figure Sources
Data for Energy Perspectives, 1949-2009, figures and text are derived from the following Annual Energy Review 2009 tables and additional sources:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Table 1.1.
Table 1.5.
Table 1.5.
Table 1.3.
Tables 1.3, 10.1, and E1.
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook
2010 (May 2010), Main Reference Case Tables, Table 1, "Total
Energy Supply and Disposition Summary."
Table 2.1a.
Tables 2.1b and 2.1c.
Table 2.1d.
Table 2.1e.
Table 1.2.
Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.
Table 1.4.
Table 5.1.
Table 5.2.
Table 5.2.
Table 4.4.
Tables 5.13a-d.
Table 5.11.
Table 5.21.
Table 5.24.
Tables 5.3 and 5.5.
Table 5.4.
Table 5.4.
Table 5.4.
Table 5.16.
Table 5.16.
Table 5.17.
Table 5.17.
Table 2.8.
Table 2.8.
Table 2.8.
Table 2.8.
xxxvi
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
Table 6.1.
Table 6.4.
Table 6.3.
Table 6.5.
Table 7.1.
Table 7.3.
Table 7.6.
Table 7.2.
Table 7.2.
Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.
Table 8.2a.
Table 8.11a.
Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
Table 8.10.
Table 8.9.
Table 8.1.
Table 8.11a.
Table 9.1.
Table 9.2.
Table 9.2.
Table 9.2.
Table 10.1.
Tables 10.2a10.2c.
Tables 10.2a10.2c.
Table 10.6.
Table 11.1.
Table 11.2.
Table 11.5.
Table 11.5.
Table 11.10.
Table 12.1.
Table 12.3.
Tables 1.5 and 12.2.
Tables 12.1 and 12.5.
1
Energy Overview
The continental United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite
imagery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.
Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
Includes lease condensate.

3
Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.
4
Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
5
Natural gas, coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.
6
Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.
7
Coal, natural gas, coal coke, electricity, and biofuels.
8
Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
9
Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel.
2
10
Includes 0.02 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.

Includes 0.12 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.
12
Total energy consumption, which is the sum of primary energy consumption, electricity retail
sales, and electrical system energy losses. Losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in
proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, Electrical Systems
Energy Losses, at end of Section 2.
Notes: Data are preliminary. Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for
publication. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
11
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

Overview, 1949-2009
Production and Consumption, 2009
120
120
Consumption
95
90
Production
60
Imports
30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
90
Renewable
Nuclear
73
Renewable
60
Nuclear
Fossil
Fuels
Fossil
Fuels
30
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Overview, 2009
0
Production
Energy Flow, 2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
120
95
Quadrillion Btu
90
73
60
30
30
0
Production
Imports
Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.
Exports
Consumption
Source: Table 1.1.
Consumption
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
Production
Year
Fossil
Fuels 2
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
28.748
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
58.042
58.938
58.241
56.331
54.733
54.723
55.101
55.074
58.006
59.008
58.529
57.458
54.416
58.849
57.539
56.575
57.167
57.875
57.483
58.560
57.872
57.655
55.822
58.044
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.894
R56.099
R55.895
R55.038
55.968
R56.447
R57.613
56.860
Trade
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy 3
Total
Petroleum 4
Total 5
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
R8.029
R8.145
7.959
8.222
R8.161
R8.215
R8.455
R8.427
8.349
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.477
6.034
R6.561
R6.522
R6.185
R6.223
R5.739
R5.568
R6.391
R6.206
R6.237
R5.992
R6.261
R6.153
R6.701
R7.165
R7.177
R6.655
R6.678
R6.257
R5.312
R5.892
R6.139
R6.235
R6.393
R6.774
R6.706
R7.381
7.761
31.722
35.540
40.148
42.804
50.676
63.501
62.723
63.920
63.585
62.372
61.357
61.602
62.052
63.137
65.948
67.232
67.014
66.623
R64.180
R68.924
R67.799
R67.178
R67.659
R69.030
R69.476
R70.870
R70.531
R70.126
R68.494
R70.891
R71.316
R72.639
R72.631
R73.037
R71.903
R71.485
R71.883
R70.931
R70.197
R70.352
R69.592
R70.957
R71.608
R73.421
72.970
1.427
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
8.540
10.299
13.466
13.127
12.948
15.672
18.756
17.824
17.933
14.658
12.639
10.777
10.647
11.433
10.609
13.201
14.162
15.747
17.162
17.117
16.348
16.968
18.510
19.243
18.881
20.284
21.740
22.908
23.133
24.531
25.398
24.673
26.218
28.196
29.247
29.162
28.762
R27.644
25.160
1.448
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
9.535
11.387
14.613
14.304
14.032
16.760
19.948
19.106
19.460
15.796
13.719
11.861
11.752
12.471
11.781
14.151
15.398
17.296
18.766
18.817
18.335
19.372
21.273
22.390
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
29.407
31.061
33.543
34.710
34.673
34.685
R32.952
29.781
Coal
Total 6
Total
0.877
.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.546
1.531
1.425
1.620
1.761
1.597
1.442
1.078
1.753
2.421
2.944
2.787
2.045
2.151
2.438
2.248
2.093
2.499
2.637
2.772
2.854
2.682
1.962
1.879
2.318
2.368
2.193
2.092
1.525
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
1.592
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.151
2.118
2.033
2.203
2.323
2.172
2.052
1.920
2.855
3.695
4.307
4.608
3.693
3.786
4.196
4.021
3.812
4.366
4.661
4.752
5.141
4.937
4.258
4.061
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
3.770
3.668
4.054
4.433
4.561
4.868
5.448
R7.016
6.932
-0.144
.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
7.384
9.269
12.580
12.101
11.709
14.588
17.896
17.186
16.605
12.101
9.412
7.253
8.059
8.685
7.584
10.130
11.586
12.929
14.105
14.065
13.194
14.435
17.014
18.329
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.805
29.238
R25.936
22.849
0.403
-1.372
-.444
-.427
-.722
-1.367
-.818
-.485
-.456
-.482
-1.067
-.178
-1.948
-.337
-1.649
-1.212
-.258
R-.723
.799
-.894
1.107
-.552
-.073
.860
1.362
-.283
.881
1.394
R2.093
R.037
R2.103
R2.465
R1.429
R-.140
R1.372
R2.517
R-1.953
R1.183
R.927
R.851
R.704
R-.973
R.682
R.045
-1.241
Imports
Exports
Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
See Note "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption" at the end of Section 10.
4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
5 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and electricity.
6 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, biodiesel, and electricity.
7 Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stock
change and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,
2
3
Consumption
Stock
Change
and
Other 7
Net Imports 1
Fossil
Fuels 8
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy 3
29.002
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
64.596
67.696
70.316
67.906
65.355
69.104
70.989
71.856
72.892
69.826
67.570
63.888
63.154
66.504
66.091
66.031
68.522
71.556
72.913
72.333
71.880
73.397
R74.835
R76.257
R77.257
R79.782
80.874
R81.369
R82.427
R84.732
R82.902
R83.749
R84.010
R85.805
R85.793
R84.687
R86.246
R83.496
78.368
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
R8.029
R8.145
7.959
8.222
R8.161
R8.215
R8.455
R8.427
8.349
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.477
6.034
R6.561
R6.522
R6.185
R6.223
R5.739
R5.568
R6.391
R6.206
R6.238
R5.992
R6.261
R6.153
R6.703
R7.166
R7.175
R6.654
R6.677
R6.260
R5.311
R5.888
R6.141
R6.247
R6.406
R6.824
R6.719
R7.366
7.744
Total 9
31.982
34.616
40.208
45.087
54.017
67.844
69.289
72.704
75.708
73.991
71.999
76.012
78.000
79.986
80.903
78.122
76.168
73.153
R73.038
R76.714
R76.491
R76.756
R79.173
R82.819
R84.944
R84.651
R84.606
R85.955
R87.601
R89.257
R91.169
R94.172
R94.761
R95.178
R96.812
R98.970
R96.316
R97.853
R98.131
R100.313
R100.445
R99.790
R101.527
R99.402
94.578
losses, and unaccounted for; fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.
8 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.
9 Also includes electricity net imports.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary Energy Consumption" in
Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
Sources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

By Source Category, 1949-2009
By Major Source, 1949-2009
75
25
Coal
Quadrillion Btu
Fossil Fuels
50
20
Natural Gas
25
Nuclear
Electric
Renewable Energy
15
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Crude Oil
Quadrillion Btu
0
2000
By Source, 2009
30
10
25
22
Nuclear Electric
Power
21
Quadrillion Btu
20
15
5
11
10
Hydroelectric Power2
Coal
Biomass
NGPL3
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil

Conventional hydroelectric power.
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Power
NGPL
Geothermal,
Solar/PV,
Wind
1950
1960

Source: Table 1.2.
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 1
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Crude
Oil 3
11.974
14.060
12.370
10.817
13.055
14.607
13.186
14.092
13.992
14.074
14.989
15.654
15.755
14.910
17.540
18.598
18.377
18.639
17.247
19.719
19.325
19.509
20.141
20.738
221.360
22.488
21.636
21.694
20.336
22.202
22.130
22.790
23.310
24.045
23.295
22.735
223.547
22.732
22.094
22.852
23.185
23.790
23.493
R23.851
21.578
5.377
6.233
9.345
12.656
15.775
21.666
22.280
22.208
22.187
21.210
19.640
19.480
19.565
19.485
20.076
19.908
19.699
18.319
16.593
18.008
16.980
16.541
17.136
17.599
17.847
18.326
18.229
18.375
18.584
19.348
19.082
19.344
19.394
19.613
19.341
19.662
20.166
19.439
R19.633
R19.074
R18.556
19.022
R19.825
R20.834
21.500
10.683
11.447
14.410
14.935
16.521
20.401
20.033
20.041
19.493
18.575
17.729
17.262
17.454
18.434
18.104
18.249
18.146
18.309
18.392
18.848
18.992
18.376
17.675
17.279
16.117
15.571
15.701
15.223
14.494
14.103
13.887
13.723
13.658
13.235
12.451
12.358
12.282
12.163
12.026
11.503
10.963
10.801
10.721
R10.509
11.241
Coal
NGPL
0.714
.823
1.240
1.461
1.883
2.512
2.544
2.598
2.569
2.471
2.374
2.327
2.327
2.245
2.286
2.254
2.307
2.191
2.184
2.274
2.241
2.149
2.215
2.260
2.158
2.175
2.306
2.363
2.408
2.391
2.442
2.530
2.495
2.420
2.528
2.611
2.547
2.559
2.346
2.466
2.334
2.356
2.409
R2.419
2.541
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
28.748
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
58.042
58.938
58.241
56.331
54.733
54.723
55.101
55.074
58.006
59.008
58.529
57.458
54.416
58.849
57.539
56.575
57.167
57.875
57.483
58.560
57.872
57.655
55.822
58.044
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.894
R56.099
R55.895
R55.038
55.968
R56.447
R57.613
56.860
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
R8.029
R8.145
7.959
8.222
R8.161
R8.215
R8.455
R8.427
8.349
1.425
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
2.824
2.864
2.861
3.177
3.155
2.976
2.333
2.937
2.931
2.900
2.758
3.266
3.527
3.386
2.970
3.071
2.635
2.334
2.837
3.046
3.016
2.617
2.892
2.683
3.205
3.590
3.640
3.297
3.268
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.825
2.690
2.703
2.869
2.446
R2.511
2.682
NA
NA
NA
.001
.004
.011
.012
.031
.043
.053
.070
.078
.077
.064
.084
.110
.123
.105
.129
.165
.198
.219
.229
.217
.317
.336
.346
.349
.364
.338
.294
.316
.325
.328
.331
.317
.311
.328
.331
.341
.343
.343
.349
R.360
.373
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.055
.060
.063
.064
.066
.069
.070
.071
.070
.070
.069
.066
.065
.064
.064
.065
.066
.072
.081
R.097
.109
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.022
.029
.031
.030
.031
.036
.033
.033
.034
.031
.046
.057
.070
.105
.115
.142
.178
.264
.341
R.546
.697
1.549
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.432
1.503
1.529
1.540
1.499
1.713
1.838
2.038
2.152
2.476
R2.596
R2.663
R2.904
R2.971
R3.016
R2.932
R2.875
R3.016
R3.159
R2.735
R2.782
R2.932
R2.908
R3.028
R3.099
R3.155
R3.108
R2.929
R2.965
R3.006
R2.624
R2.705
R2.805
R2.998
R3.104
R3.226
R3.489
R3.867
3.900
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.477
6.034
R6.561
R6.522
R6.185
R6.223
R5.739
R5.568
R6.391
R6.206
R6.237
R5.992
R6.261
R6.153
R6.701
R7.165
R7.177
R6.655
R6.678
R6.257
R5.312
R5.892
R6.139
R6.235
R6.393
R6.774
R6.706
R7.381
7.761
31.722
35.540
40.148
42.804
50.676
63.501
62.723
63.920
63.585
62.372
61.357
61.602
62.052
63.137
65.948
67.232
67.014
66.623
R64.180
R68.924
R67.799
R67.178
R67.659
R69.030
R69.476
R70.870
R70.531
R70.126
R68.494
R70.891
R71.316
R72.639
R72.631
R73.037
R71.903
R71.485
R71.883
R70.931
R70.197
R70.352
R69.592
R70.957
R71.608
R73.421
72.970
Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation.
Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount of
refuse recovery. See Table 7.1.
3 Includes lease condensate.
4 Natural gas plant liquids.
5 Conventional hydroelectric power.
2
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.

Notes: See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

Production and Consumption, 1949-2009
By Major Source, 1949-2009
120
45
Quadrillion Btu
100
40
Consumption
80
Petroleum1
60
Production
35
40
30
20
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Quadrillion Btu
0
2000
By Source, 2009
45
25
Natural Gas
20
15
35
Quadrillion Btu
Coal
30
10
23
20
15
5
8
4
Biomass
0
Petroleum Natural
Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Biomass
Hydro- Geothermal,
electric Solar/PV,
Power
Wind
1
Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.
Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in
Biomass.
1950
1960
1970

Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 1
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Coal
Coal Coke
Net
Imports 2
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum
11.981
12.347
11.167
9.838
11.581
12.265
11.598
12.077
12.971
12.663
12.663
13.584
13.922
13.766
15.040
15.423
15.908
15.322
15.894
17.071
17.478
17.260
18.008
18.846
19.070
19.173
18.992
19.122
19.835
19.909
20.089
21.002
21.445
21.656
21.623
22.580
21.914
21.904
22.321
22.466
22.797
22.447
22.749
R22.385
19.761
-0.007
.001
-.010
-.006
-.018
-.058
-.033
-.026
-.007
.056
.014
(s)
.015
.125
.063
-.035
-.016
-.022
-.016
-.011
-.013
-.017
.009
.040
.030
.005
.010
.035
.027
.058
.061
.023
.046
.067
.058
.065
.029
.061
.051
.138
.044
.061
.025
.041
-.024
5.145
5.968
8.998
12.385
15.769
21.795
22.469
22.698
22.512
21.732
19.948
20.345
19.931
20.000
20.666
20.235
19.747
18.356
17.221
18.394
17.703
16.591
17.640
18.448
19.602
19.603
20.033
20.714
21.229
21.728
22.671
23.085
23.223
22.830
22.909
23.824
22.773
23.558
R22.831
R22.909
R22.561
22.224
R23.702
R23.791
23.362
11.883
13.315
17.255
19.919
23.246
29.521
30.561
32.947
34.840
33.455
32.731
35.175
37.122
37.965
37.123
34.202
31.931
30.232
30.054
31.051
30.922
32.196
32.865
34.222
34.211
33.553
32.845
33.527
33.744
R34.561
R34.436
35.673
R36.159
R36.816
R37.837
R38.263
R38.185
R38.225
R38.808
R40.292
R40.391
R39.955
R39.769
R37.279
35.268
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Wind
Biomass
Total
Electricity
Net
Imports 2
29.002
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
64.596
67.696
70.316
67.906
65.355
69.104
70.989
71.856
72.892
69.826
67.570
63.888
63.154
66.504
66.091
66.031
68.522
71.556
72.913
72.333
71.880
73.397
R74.835
R76.257
R77.257
R79.782
80.874
R81.369
R82.427
R84.732
R82.902
R83.749
R84.010
R85.805
R85.793
R84.687
R86.246
R83.496
78.368
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
.413
.584
.910
1.272
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
R8.029
R8.145
7.959
8.222
R8.161
R8.215
R8.455
R8.427
8.349
1.425
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
2.824
2.864
2.861
3.177
3.155
2.976
2.333
2.937
2.931
2.900
2.758
3.266
3.527
3.386
2.970
3.071
2.635
2.334
2.837
3.046
3.016
2.617
2.892
2.683
3.205
3.590
3.640
3.297
3.268
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.825
2.690
2.703
2.869
2.446
R2.511
2.682
NA
NA
NA
.001
.004
.011
.012
.031
.043
.053
.070
.078
.077
.064
.084
.110
.123
.105
.129
.165
.198
.219
.229
.217
.317
.336
.346
.349
.364
.338
.294
.316
.325
.328
.331
.317
.311
.328
.331
.341
.343
.343
.349
R.360
.373
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.055
.060
.063
.064
.066
.069
.070
.071
.070
.070
.069
.066
.065
.064
.064
.065
.066
.072
.081
R.097
.109
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.022
.029
.031
.030
.031
.036
.033
.033
.034
.031
.046
.057
.070
.105
.115
.142
.178
.264
.341
R.546
.697
1.549
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.432
1.503
1.529
1.540
1.499
1.713
1.838
2.038
2.152
2.476
R2.596
R2.663
R2.904
R2.971
R3.016
R2.932
R2.875
R3.016
R3.159
R2.735
R2.782
R2.932
R2.908
R3.028
R3.101
R3.157
R3.105
R2.928
R2.963
R3.008
R2.622
R2.701
R2.807
R3.010
R3.117
R3.277
R3.503
R3.852
3.883
2.974
2.978
2.784
2.929
3.398
4.076
4.268
4.398
4.433
4.769
4.723
4.768
4.249
5.039
5.166
5.485
R5.477
6.034
R6.561
R6.522
R6.185
R6.223
R5.739
R5.568
R6.391
R6.206
R6.238
R5.992
R6.261
R6.153
R6.703
R7.166
R7.175
R6.654
R6.677
R6.260
R5.311
R5.888
R6.141
R6.247
R6.406
R6.824
R6.719
R7.366
7.744
0.005
.006
.014
.015
(s)
.007
.012
.026
.049
.043
.021
.029
.059
.067
.069
.071
.113
.100
.121
.135
.140
.122
.158
.108
.037
.008
.067
.087
.095
.153
.134
.137
.116
.088
.099
.115
.075
.072
.022
.039
.084
.063
.107
.112
.117
Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation.
Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
3 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"
at end of Section 6.
4 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Does
not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
2
Total
31.982
34.616
40.208
45.087
54.017
67.844
69.289
72.704
75.708
73.991
71.999
76.012
78.000
79.986
80.903
78.122
76.168
73.153
R73.038
R76.714
R76.491
R76.756
R79.173
R82.819
R84.944
R84.651
R84.606
R85.955
R87.601
R89.257
R91.169
R94.172
R94.761
R95.178
R96.812
R98.970
R96.316
R97.853
R98.131
R100.313
R100.445
R99.790
R101.527
R99.402
94.578
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 and greater than -0.0005
quadrillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. See Table E1 for estimated energy
consumption for 1635-1945. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2009

Energy Net Imports
Imports and Exports, 2009
35
40
30
29.8
30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
25
20
15
10
5
20
Petroleum
25.2
10
6.9
0
-5
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Imports
Exports
Energy Exports
40
30
6
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Energy Imports
Petroleum 4.2
2000
Total
20
10
Total
4
Coal
Petroleum
Petroleum
0
1950
1960
1970
Note: Negative net imports are net exports.
10
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
1970
Source: Table 1.4.
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports
Petroleum
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oil 2
Petroleum
Products 3
Total
Biofuels 4
Electricity
Total
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oil 2
Petroleum
Products 3
Total
0.008
.009
.008
.007
.005
.001
.003
.001
.003
.052
.024
.030
.041
.074
.051
.030
.026
.019
.032
.032
.049
.055
.044
.053
.071
.067
.085
.095
.205
.222
.237
.203
.187
.218
.227
.313
.495
.422
.626
.682
.762
.906
.909
.855
.566
0.007
.011
.003
.003
.002
.004
.004
.005
.027
.088
.045
.033
.045
.142
.099
.016
.013
.003
.001
.014
.014
.008
.023
.067
.057
.019
.029
.052
.053
.083
.095
.063
.078
.095
.080
.094
.063
.080
.068
.170
.088
.101
.061
.089
.009
0.000
.000
.011
.161
.471
.846
.964
1.047
1.060
.985
.978
.988
1.037
.995
1.300
1.006
.917
.950
.940
.847
.952
.748
.992
1.296
1.387
1.551
1.798
2.161
2.397
2.682
2.901
3.002
3.063
3.225
3.664
3.869
4.068
4.104
4.042
4.365
4.450
4.291
4.723
R4.084
3.842
0.915
1.056
1.691
2.196
2.654
2.814
3.573
4.712
6.887
7.395
8.721
11.239
14.027
13.460
13.825
11.195
9.336
7.418
7.079
7.302
6.814
9.002
10.067
11.027
12.596
12.766
12.553
13.253
14.749
15.340
15.669
16.341
17.876
18.916
18.935
19.783
20.348
19.920
21.060
22.082
22.091
22.085
21.914
R21.448
19.806
0.513
.830
1.061
1.802
2.748
4.656
4.968
5.587
6.578
5.731
4.227
4.434
4.728
4.364
4.108
3.463
3.303
3.360
3.568
4.131
3.796
4.199
4.095
4.720
4.565
4.351
3.794
3.714
3.760
3.904
3.211
3.943
3.864
3.992
4.198
4.749
5.050
4.753
5.158
6.114
7.156
7.077
6.849
R6.195
5.354
1.427
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
8.540
10.299
13.466
13.127
12.948
15.672
18.756
17.824
17.933
14.658
12.639
10.777
10.647
11.433
10.609
13.201
14.162
15.747
17.162
17.117
16.348
16.968
18.510
19.243
18.881
20.284
21.740
22.908
23.133
24.531
25.398
24.673
26.218
28.196
29.247
29.162
28.762
R27.644
25.160
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.001
.001
.001
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.002
.002
.002
.013
.013
R.068
.055
R.085
.026
0.006
.007
.016
.018
.012
.021
.024
.036
.057
.053
.038
.037
.069
.072
.077
.085
.124
.112
.132
.144
.157
.139
.178
.133
.089
.063
.075
.096
.107
.160
.146
.148
.147
.135
.147
.166
.131
.125
.104
.117
.152
.146
.175
.195
.179
1.448
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
9.535
11.387
14.613
14.304
14.032
16.760
19.948
19.106
19.460
15.796
13.719
11.861
11.752
12.471
11.781
14.151
15.398
17.296
18.766
18.817
18.335
19.372
21.273
22.390
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
29.407
31.061
33.543
34.710
34.673
34.685
R32.952
29.781
0.877
.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.546
1.531
1.425
1.620
1.761
1.597
1.442
1.078
1.753
2.421
2.944
2.787
2.045
2.151
2.438
2.248
2.093
2.499
2.637
2.772
2.854
2.682
1.962
1.879
2.318
2.368
2.193
2.092
1.525
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
0.014
.010
.013
.009
.021
.061
.037
.031
.035
.032
.032
.033
.031
.017
.036
.051
.029
.025
.016
.026
.028
.025
.014
.027
.027
.014
.020
.017
.026
.024
.034
.040
.031
.028
.022
.028
.033
.020
.018
.033
.043
.040
.036
.049
.032
0.021
.027
.032
.012
.027
.072
.083
.080
.079
.078
.074
.066
.056
.053
.056
.049
.060
.052
.055
.055
.056
.062
.055
.075
.109
.087
.132
.220
.142
.164
.156
.155
.159
.161
.164
.245
.377
.520
.686
.862
.735
.730
.830
R1.015
1.081
0.192
.202
.067
.018
.006
.029
.003
.001
.004
.006
.012
.017
.106
.335
.497
.609
.482
.500
.348
.384
.432
.326
.319
.329
.300
.230
.246
.188
.208
.209
.200
.233
.228
.233
.250
.106
.043
.019
.026
.057
.067
.052
.058
.061
.093
0.488
.440
.707
.413
.386
.520
.470
.466
.482
.458
.427
.452
.408
.432
.505
.551
.781
1.231
1.217
1.161
1.225
1.344
1.311
1.412
1.536
1.594
1.882
1.819
1.907
1.779
1.791
1.825
1.872
1.740
1.705
2.048
1.996
2.023
2.124
2.150
2.373
2.694
2.914
R3.653
4.115
0.680
.642
.774
.431
.392
.549
.473
.467
.486
.465
.439
.469
.514
.767
1.002
1.160
1.264
1.732
1.565
1.545
1.657
1.670
1.630
1.741
1.836
1.824
2.128
2.008
2.115
1.988
1.991
2.059
2.100
1.972
1.955
2.154
2.038
2.042
2.150
2.207
2.441
2.747
2.972
R3.713
4.208
Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,
which began in 1977.
3 Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not
include biofuels.
4 Fuel ethanol (including denaturant) and biodiesel.
5 Biodiesel only.
2
Net
Imports 1
Exports
Biofuels 5
Electricity
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.001
.004
.035
.086
.034
0.001
.001
.002
.003
.013
.014
.012
.010
.009
.009
.017
.008
.009
.005
.007
.014
.010
.012
.011
.009
.017
.016
.020
.024
.052
.055
.008
.010
.012
.007
.012
.011
.031
.047
.049
.051
.056
.054
.082
.078
.068
.083
.069
.082
.062
1.592
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.151
2.118
2.033
2.203
2.323
2.172
2.052
1.920
2.855
3.695
4.307
4.608
3.693
3.786
4.196
4.021
3.812
4.366
4.661
4.752
5.141
4.937
4.258
4.061
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
3.770
3.668
4.054
4.433
4.561
4.868
5.448
R7.016
6.932
-0.144
.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
7.384
9.269
12.580
12.101
11.709
14.588
17.896
17.186
16.605
12.101
9.412
7.253
8.059
8.685
7.584
10.130
11.586
12.929
14.105
14.065
13.194
14.435
17.014
18.329
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.805
29.238
R25.936
22.849
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.

Notes: Includes trade between the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia) and its
territories and possessions. See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and
Exports," at end of Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6.
11
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators

Energy Consumption, 1949-2009
Energy Expenditures, 1970-2007
1,200
Billion Nominal Dollars
80
60
40
20
800
600
400
200
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
1970
2000
Energy Consumption per Person,

1949-2009
1980
500
5,000
400
4,000
300
200
100
15
10
0
1950
2000
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Energy Expenditures as Share of

Gross Domestic Product, 1970-2007
15
10
3,000
2,000
5
1,000
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1970
1980
See Nominal Dollars in Glossary

In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators,
See Appendix D1.
12
1990
Energy Expenditures per Person,

1970-2007
Nominal Dollars
Million Btu
1,000
20
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
100
0
1950
Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar
1,400
120
0
1950
Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of

Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2009
1990
2000
Source: Table 1.5.
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Energy
Consumption
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
Quadrillion
Btu
31.982
34.616
40.208
45.087
54.017
67.844
69.289
72.704
75.708
73.991
71.999
76.012
78.000
79.986
80.903
78.122
76.168
73.153
R73.038
R76.714
R76.491
R76.756
R79.173
R82.819
R84.944
R84.651
R84.606
R85.955
R87.601
R89.257
R91.169
R94.172
R94.761
R95.178
R96.812
R98.970
R96.316
R97.853
R98.131
R100.313
R100.445
R99.790
R101.527
R99.402
94.578
Energy
Consumption
per Person
Energy
Expenditures 1
Million
Btu
Million
Nominal
Dollars 4
214
227
242
250
278
331
334
346
357
346
333
349
354
359
359
344
332
316
312
325
R321
320
327
339
344
339
334
335
337
339
342
350
348
345
347
351
338
340
338
R342
340
R334
337
327
308
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
82,911
90,071
98,108
111,928
153,370
171,846
193,897
220,461
239,230
297,543
R374,346
R427,878
R426,437
R417,418
R435,148
R438,184
R383,409
R396,515
R410,426
R437,611
R472,539
R470,559
R475,587
R491,168
R504,204
R514,049
R559,954
R566,785
R525,738
R556,509
R687,587
R694,515
R661,902
R754,668
R869,112
R1,045,465
R1,158,483
R1,233,058
NA
NA
Energy
Expenditures 1
per Person
Gross
Domestic
Product (GDP)
Nominal
Dollars 4
Billion
Nominal
Dollars 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
404
434
467
528
717
796
889
1,001
1,075
1,322
R1,647
R1,865
R1,841
R1,785
R1,845
R1,842
R1,597
R1,637
R1,679
R1,773
R1,893
R1,860
R1,854
R1,890
R1,916
R1,930
R2,079
R2,079
R1,906
R1,994
R2,437
R2,436
R2,300
2,599
2,966
3,535
R3,880
R4,089
NA
NA
Expenditures include taxes where data are available.

Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 12.1.
Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 12.2
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
R267.2
R293.7
R414.7
526.4
719.1
R1,038.3
R1,126.8
R1,237.9
R1,382.3
R1,499.5
R1,637.7
R1,824.6
R2,030.1
R2,293.8
R2,562.2
R2,788.1
R3,126.8
R3,253.2
R3,534.6
R3,930.9
R4,217.5
R4,460.1
R4,736.4
R5,100.4
R5,482.1
R5,800.5
R5,992.1
R6,342.3
R6,667.4
R7,085.2
R7,414.7
R7,838.5
R8,332.4
R8,793.5
R9,353.5
R9,951.5
R10,286.2
R10,642.3
R11,142.1
R11,867.8
R12,638.4
R13,398.9
R14,077.6
R14,441.4
14,256.3
Energy
Expenditures 1
as Share of GDP
Gross
Domestic
Product (GDP)
Energy
Consumption per
Real Dollar of GDP
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions 2 per
Real Dollar of GDP
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions 3 per
Real Dollar of GDP
Percent
Billion
Chained
(2005) Dollars 5
Thousand Btu
per Chained
(2005) Dollar 5
Metric Tons Carbon

Dioxide Equivalent
per Million Chained
(2005) Dollars 5
Metric Tons
Carbon Dioxide
per Million Chained
(2005) Dollars 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.0
8.0
7.9
8.1
10.2
10.5
10.6
10.9
10.4
11.6
13.4
13.7
13.1
11.8
R11.1
10.4
8.6
8.4
8.0
8.0
8.1
R7.9
7.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
R7.1
6.8
6.0
R5.9
R6.9
R6.8
R6.2
R6.8
R7.3
R8.3
R8.6
R8.8
NA
NA
R1,844.7
R17.34
R2,006.0
R17.26
R2,500.3
R16.08
R2,830.9
R15.93
R3,610.1
R14.96
R4,269.9
R15.89
R4,413.3
R15.70
R4,647.7
R15.64
R4,917.0
R15.40
R4,889.9
R15.13
R4,879.5
R14.76
R5,141.3
R14.78
R5,377.7
R14.50
R5,677.6
R14.09
R5,855.0
R13.82
R5,839.0
R13.38
R5,987.2
R12.72
R5,870.9
R12.46
R6,136.2
R11.90
R6,577.1
R11.66
R6,849.3
R11.17
R7,086.5
R10.83
R7,313.3
R10.83
R7,613.9
R10.88
R7,885.9
R10.77
R8,033.9
R10.54
R8,015.1
R10.56
R8,287.1
R10.37
R8,523.4
R10.28
R8,870.7
R10.06
R9,093.7
R10.03
R9,433.9
R9.98
R9,854.3
R9.62
R10,283.5
R9.26
R10,779.8
R8.98
R11,226.0
R8.82
R11,347.2
R8.49
R11,553.0
R8.47
R11,840.7
R8.29
R12,263.8
R8.18
R12,638.4
R7.95
R12,976.2
R7.69
R13,254.1
R7.66
R13,312.2
R7.47
12,987.4
7.28
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R NA
R770
R766
R755
R745
R729
R717
R710
R686
R659
R633
R624
R607
R602
R592
R583
R568
R547
R544
R529
NA
R1,196
R1,187
R1,074
R1,029
R959
R998
R977
R975
R963
R935
R909
R915
R901
R862
R848
R817
R775
R751
R714
R701
R672
R650
R651
R654
R643
R625
R621
R612
R607
R592
R583
R582
R564
R545
R526
R521
R506
R501
R493
R485
R473
R454
R452
R436
416
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.

Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Expenditures: Table 3.5. Gross Domestic
Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Table 12.1. Carbon
Dioxide Emissions: Table 12.2. Other Columns: Calculated by U.S. Energy Information Administration.
13
Figure 1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2007
Consumption
14
12 TX
Quadrillion Btu
10
CA
8
6
FL
NY OH IL PA
LA
GA MI IN
NJ NC VA
TN AL WA
KY MO MN WI
SC OK AZ MA MD CO
MS IA AR KS OR
CT WV UT NV AK NM NE
ID WY MT ME ND HI NH DE SD
RI DC VT
2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Consumption per Person

1.2
AK
1.0
WY
LA
Billion Btu
0.8
ND
0.6
TX MT KY
WV AL IN OK
MS IA KS AR
NE SC TN SD
NM MN ID OH DE ME VA US
MO WI GA PA WA DC NJ IL
CO NV UT MI NC OR
0.4
0.2
HI MD VT FL CT AZ
NH MA CA
NY RI
0.0
1 2
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Source: Table 1.6.
14
Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2007

Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Consumption
Consumption per Person
Expenditures 1
Expenditures 1 per Person
Prices 1
Trillion Btu
Million Btu
Million Dollars 2
Dollars 2
Dollars 2 per Million Btu
Texas
California
Florida
New York
Ohio
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Georgia
Michigan
Indiana
New Jersey
North Carolina
Virginia
Tennessee
Alabama
Washington
Kentucky
Missouri
Minnesota
Wisconsin
South Carolina
Oklahoma
Arizona
Massachusetts
Maryland
Colorado
Mississippi
Iowa
Arkansas
Kansas
Oregon
Connecticut
West Virginia
Utah
Nevada
Alaska
New Mexico
Nebraska
Idaho
Wyoming
Montana
Maine
North Dakota
Hawaii
New Hampshire
Delaware
South Dakota
Rhode Island
District of Columbia
Vermont
United States
11,834.5
8,491.5
4,601.9
4,064.3
4,048.9
4,043.2
4,006.2
3,766.2
3,133.0
3,026.9
2,904.0
2,743.7
2,700.0
2,610.9
2,330.5
2,132.0
2,067.2
2,023.0
1,964.1
1,874.6
1,846.3
1,692.3
1,608.5
1,577.8
1,514.6
1,488.7
1,479.3
1,239.5
1,235.2
1,149.3
1,136.2
1,108.2
870.7
850.5
805.5
777.4
723.6
710.7
692.9
529.6
496.4
462.1
455.6
428.1
343.7
314.2
302.0
292.2
217.6
187.2
162.1
3,4101,468.0
Alaska
Wyoming
Louisiana
North Dakota
Texas
Montana
Kentucky
West Virginia
Alabama
Indiana
Oklahoma
Mississippi
Iowa
Kansas
Arkansas
Nebraska
South Carolina
Tennessee
South Dakota
New Mexico
Minnesota
Idaho
Ohio
Delaware
Maine
Virginia
Missouri
Wisconsin
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Washington
New Jersey
Illinois
Colorado
Nevada
Utah
Michigan
North Carolina
Oregon
Hawaii
Maryland
Vermont
Florida
Connecticut
Arizona
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
California
New York
Rhode Island
United States
1,062.3
948.6
861.2
671.1
496.3
483.1
477.5
469.9
460.8
458.4
445.8
424.3
414.0
409.1
406.1
391.6
384.2
379.0
367.2
361.8
361.7
354.0
352.8
350.4
346.3
339.1
334.1
329.8
329.0
322.6
320.5
318.5
317.1
315.2
305.5
304.3
301.8
301.2
298.6
296.7
269.1
265.0
261.2
252.9
249.5
248.3
239.5
234.2
233.4
209.2
206.6
336.8
Texas
California
New York
Florida
Pennsylvania
Illinois
Ohio
New Jersey
Michigan
Georgia
Louisiana
North Carolina
Virginia
Indiana
Massachusetts
Tennessee
Missouri
Washington
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Alabama
Maryland
Kentucky
Arizona
South Carolina
Colorado
Oklahoma
Connecticut
Iowa
Mississippi
Oregon
Kansas
Arkansas
Nevada
Utah
West Virginia
New Mexico
Nebraska
Maine
Alaska
Hawaii
Idaho
New Hampshire
Montana
Wyoming
North Dakota
Delaware
South Dakota
Rhode Island
Vermont
United States
Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available.

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Includes 25.2 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports and 378.0 trillion Btu of energy losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol that are not allocated to the States.
4 The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:
1) does not include biodiesel; 2) does not incorporate the latest data revisions; and 3) is the sum of State
values, which use State average heat contents to convert physical units of coal and natural gas to Btu.
5 Includes $347 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.
2
3
140,651
121,829
63,642
60,747
49,301
48,297
48,190
39,609
36,882
35,678
33,624
32,574
30,509
28,627
25,862
25,462
23,342
23,224
22,455
21,708
21,606
21,490
20,316
20,198
18,130
17,033
17,027
15,146
14,334
13,392
13,175
12,803
12,533
10,571
8,739
8,369
7,877
7,877
6,696
6,260
6,174
5,418
5,335
5,265
4,546
4,110
3,849
3,585
3,567
2,687
2,392
51,233,058
Alaska
Wyoming
Louisiana
North Dakota
Texas
Montana
Maine
Hawaii
Iowa
Kentucky
Oklahoma
Alabama
West Virginia
Kansas
Mississippi
New Jersey
Indiana
South Dakota
Delaware
Nebraska
Arkansas
Connecticut
Vermont
Ohio
Minnesota
Tennessee
Nevada
South Carolina
New Hampshire
Wisconsin
New Mexico
Massachusetts
Missouri
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Maryland
Illinois
Georgia
Michigan
Idaho
North Carolina
Washington
Oregon
Colorado
Rhode Island
California
Florida
New York
Utah
Arizona
United States
9,191
8,687
7,688
6,442
5,899
5,504
5,090
4,833
4,805
4,796
4,719
4,670
4,624
4,610
4,585
4,577
4,518
4,506
4,465
4,451
4,428
4,340
4,329
4,199
4,189
4,141
4,138
4,116
4,069
4,065
4,011
4,010
3,998
3,971
3,969
3,963
3,825
3,766
3,746
3,670
3,621
3,603
3,601
3,527
3,517
3,387
3,349
3,338
3,276
3,274
3,179
64,093
Hawaii
Connecticut
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Vermont
Rhode Island
New York
Maryland
Florida
Nevada
Delaware
Arizona
California
New Jersey
Maine
North Carolina
New Mexico
Pennsylvania
Oregon
Alaska
Wisconsin
Missouri
Ohio
Washington
Texas
Virginia
South Dakota
Michigan
Illinois
Montana
Kansas
Tennessee
Mississippi
Georgia
South Carolina
Colorado
Minnesota
Oklahoma
Nebraska
Arkansas
Utah
Iowa
Alabama
Kentucky
Idaho
West Virginia
Wyoming
Indiana
Louisiana
North Dakota
United States
25.20
24.93
24.68
23.89
23.25
22.90
22.72
21.78
21.60
21.47
21.12
20.82
20.72
20.12
19.55
19.17
19.17
19.05
18.30
18.23
17.87
17.84
17.73
17.71
17.63
17.60
17.58
17.45
17.37
17.27
17.26
17.23
17.19
17.16
17.10
17.04
17.00
17.00
16.76
16.72
16.66
16.44
16.12
16.01
15.99
15.92
15.28
14.81
14.41
14.19
13.22
18.23
6 Based on population data prior to revisions shown on Table D1.

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Sources: Consumption: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), "State Energy Data 2007:
Consumption" (August 2009), Tables R1 and R2. Expenditures and Prices: EIA, "State Energy Data
2007: Prices and Expenditures" (August 2009), Table R1. "State Energy Data 2007" includes State-level
data by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates are annual 1960 through 2007, and
price and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 through 2007.
15
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009

1,188
(1977)
1,200
1,070
(1989)
958
(1978)
1,000
831
(1960)
Heating Degree-Days
800
668
(1976)
683
(1956)
687
(2006)
600
577
(1954)
400
494
(2000)
367
(1976)
396
(2001)
449
(1975)
Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

260
(1981)
(1985)
2008- 2009 Heating Season
200
30-Year Monthly Normal
162
(1963)
Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)
0
October
16
November
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
December
January
February
Source: Table 1.7.
March
April
Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year
January
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
858
761
927
884
907
1,063
976
890
893
838
821
974
1,188
1,061
1,079
887
984
1,067
874
1,000
1,057
859
920
1,004
789
728
921
852
860
1,031
847
945
932
765
861
886
935
776
944
968
859
687
841
892
969
917
Normal1
February
March
April
May
June
July
701
721
759
780
780
758
760
785
772
754
742
609
751
958
950
831
689
776
706
645
807
734
714
778
832
655
639
644
827
813
750
748
672
623
647
643
725
669
801
766
676
731
853
741
705
611
693
600
831
738
685
681
608
504
556
686
544
529
677
575
680
620
620
588
704
557
542
573
594
603
535
564
603
664
594
556
713
552
596
645
494
669
622
572
495
648
600
502
617
583
330
412
272
278
355
344
375
377
356
310
449
309
270
350
364
338
260
408
421
371
260
295
309
344
344
321
287
345
368
293
375
360
406
331
319
341
302
281
344
303
305
264
372
319
330
128
162
121
160
114
120
194
137
182
171
117
178
119
157
148
142
165
114
189
172
123
123
107
134
163
184
98
152
128
174
174
165
198
109
139
115
115
184
165
107
186
137
111
183
132
21
40
48
33
48
31
29
49
22
42
37
28
38
31
37
49
25
62
35
28
47
30
20
30
32
29
30
46
38
21
31
27
31
41
31
29
29
23
41
37
25
23
24
26
40
7
11
9
7
11
4
10
7
6
6
5
8
6
7
6
5
6
7
6
7
5
9
8
3
5
6
6
14
11
6
4
8
7
4
5
12
8
3
4
7
3
2
5
5
14
9
18
6
11
14
9
12
12
9
13
13
19
13
11
15
10
11
19
5
7
17
18
13
5
14
10
7
24
9
16
7
9
16
5
12
12
6
8
5
20
6
9
7
13
12
94
85
56
48
78
55
47
65
61
94
100
81
59
59
58
54
76
75
53
88
69
76
61
72
73
56
69
74
89
65
77
72
63
33
62
69
69
37
62
47
39
82
44
52
60
209
196
237
254
271
253
187
330
212
303
235
367
295
283
271
316
327
264
251
223
243
258
345
352
259
246
242
301
302
268
233
276
273
245
275
244
260
298
260
251
236
304
175
281
330
732
593
345
159
39
15
77
282
1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary.
Notes: This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor
air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For
example, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40 F would report 25 heating
degree-days. Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-wide
degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the
August
September
October
November
December
Total
503
565
600
502
494
541
553
613
497
524
462
668
493
517
528
564
504
515
509
565
506
558
491
506
542
457
586
564
580
479
605
630
592
482
413
610
396
560
477
487
466
467
521
534
441
763
872
886
936
739
801
723
832
799
795
805
941
844
847
750
831
845
692
990
704
951
793
773
831
1,070
789
751
822
824
723
872
760
800
717
760
1,005
689
812
784
802
866
690
800
831
877
4,234
4,536
4,521
4,724
4,549
4,664
4,547
4,705
4,313
4,406
4,472
4,726
4,605
4,958
4,781
4,707
4,512
4,619
4,627
4,514
4,642
4,295
4,334
4,653
4,726
4,016
4,200
4,441
4,700
4,483
4,531
4,713
4,542
3,951
4,169
4,460
4,203
4,273
4,459
4,290
4,315
3,996
4,255
4,494
4,493
539
817
4,524
2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the
national average.
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.
For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-1.
17
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009

388
(2006)
400
366
(2007)
Cooling Degree-Days
300
280
(1952)
268
(1950)
215
(1998)
(2005)
228
(1992)
200
147
(1991)
161
(1955)
118
(1967)
100
53
(2006)
83
(1963)
Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2009 Cooling Season
64
(1976)
30-Year Monthly Normal

27
(1976)
Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)
13
(1983)
0
April
18
May
June
July
August
Source: Table 1.8.
September
October
Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year
January
February
March
April
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
16
27
6
7
9
3
8
15
7
21
14
5
2
3
4
9
3
6
6
5
3
8
5
5
15
15
10
6
13
7
7
7
8
12
12
10
3
8
5
6
10
13
10
7
7
14
12
7
4
7
4
7
6
3
6
11
11
5
1
4
4
6
10
5
6
5
10
7
5
7
14
9
10
5
9
7
6
11
7
11
10
12
6
7
6
7
5
5
11
7
14
13
20
6
10
10
10
22
24
28
14
23
21
10
13
13
10
21
9
14
22
17
13
13
19
21
19
15
11
18
18
8
31
10
12
25
11
17
24
28
12
18
29
17
17
18
Normal1
May
June
July
27
21
45
37
42
36
22
36
18
29
24
27
35
31
32
23
52
26
13
24
39
33
23
28
36
29
42
29
19
37
29
26
19
23
40
28
37
53
30
29
24
53
23
31
29
110
105
121
76
125
104
68
88
75
101
117
64
121
93
82
95
75
115
72
92
108
106
127
89
88
86
147
77
91
76
91
116
81
135
94
131
114
92
110
138
82
109
119
91
117
253
201
161
215
179
201
244
174
236
173
203
208
212
218
187
199
257
165
193
233
193
231
244
218
208
234
235
170
207
262
202
226
189
228
219
221
220
243
187
208
250
236
236
264
222
367
268
381
301
280
323
288
299
318
317
301
282
351
310
295
374
333
318
353
291
313
340
334
359
312
316
336
286
347
328
348
299
315
350
374
284
302
370
336
299
367
388
310
334
284
294
244
355
302
273
313
269
276
303
267
296
243
293
300
266
347
275
262
362
312
269
259
298
348
266
291
305
228
317
263
363
287
268
337
305
302
333
332
345
252
351
337
366
283
307
33
104
216
323
292
1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary.
Notes: This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor
air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For
example, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78 F would report 13 cooling
degree-days. Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-wide
degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the
August
September
October
November
December
Total
131
128
182
181
155
185
182
169
166
120
120
127
180
180
160
192
138
140
172
143
145
161
156
149
138
172
149
150
146
141
150
139
171
215
152
156
138
202
156
177
215
138
191
171
169
70
78
50
59
48
48
77
44
66
40
55
27
44
52
53
42
43
47
58
70
68
52
40
45
49
57
62
49
47
50
61
45
48
62
55
50
46
57
65
67
55
46
82
48
47
12
9
10
15
19
6
12
9
21
10
12
8
15
19
11
10
12
15
12
9
25
23
14
18
16
16
8
13
11
20
12
14
10
20
17
8
18
11
21
17
20
14
16
12
16
10
4
6
3
6
9
17
8
4
5
5
4
6
9
6
5
5
11
5
15
4
9
8
6
2
9
9
7
4
9
5
7
5
11
6
4
11
5
4
5
4
11
12
8
7
1,318
1,110
1,344
1,206
1,153
1,242
1,204
1,146
1,241
1,117
1,172
1,029
1,285
1,226
1,113
1,313
1,209
1,136
1,260
1,214
1,194
1,249
1,269
1,283
1,156
1,260
1,331
1,040
1,218
1,220
1,293
1,180
1,156
1,410
1,297
1,229
1,245
1,396
1,290
1,232
1,397
1,368
1,399
1,277
1,229
160
56
16
1,242
2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the
national average.
19
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S. Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2009
6,000
High: 4,958 (1978)
Degree-Days
5,000
4,000
30-Year Normal: 4,524
3,000
Low: 3,951 (1998)
2,000
1,000
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 2009

8,000
6,612
6,646
6,498
5,910
6,000
6,540
6,750
30-Year Normal
6,837
5,799
5,209
Degree-Days
2009
4,000
3,603
2,853
5,016
3,588
3,226
2,879
2,286
3,150
2,212
2,000
0
New
England
1
2
20
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.

Source: Table 1.9.
Mountain
Pacific
Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
Pacific 1
United
States 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
5,829
6,470
6,577
6,561
6,825
6,839
6,695
7,001
6,120
6,621
6,362
6,839
6,579
7,061
6,348
6,900
6,612
6,697
6,305
6,442
6,571
6,517
6,546
6,715
6,887
5,848
5,960
6,844
6,728
6,672
6,559
6,679
6,661
5,680
5,952
6,489
6,055
6,099
6,851
6,612
6,551
5,809
6,501
6,395
6,646
5,091
5,765
5,708
5,901
5,933
5,943
5,761
6,064
5,327
5,670
5,477
6,097
5,889
6,330
5,851
6,143
5,989
5,866
5,733
5,777
5,660
5,665
5,699
6,088
6,134
4,998
5,177
5,964
5,948
5,934
5,831
5,986
5,809
4,812
5,351
5,774
5,323
5,372
6,090
5,749
5,804
5,050
5,623
5,643
5,799
5,801
6,619
6,101
6,544
6,284
6,455
6,236
6,772
5,780
6,259
6,169
6,768
6,538
7,095
6,921
6,792
6,446
6,542
6,423
6,418
6,546
6,150
5,810
6,590
6,834
5,681
5,906
6,297
6,646
6,378
6,664
6,947
6,617
5,278
5,946
6,284
5,824
6,122
6,528
6,199
6,241
5,712
6,096
6,696
6,540
6,479
7,136
6,630
6,884
6,646
6,835
6,594
7,094
6,226
6,478
6,678
6,670
6,506
7,324
7,369
6,652
6,115
7,000
6,901
6,582
7,119
6,231
5,712
6,634
6,996
6,011
6,319
6,262
7,168
6,509
6,804
7,345
6,761
5,774
5,921
6,456
6,184
6,465
6,539
6,290
6,202
5,799
6,374
7,112
6,837
2,367
2,713
2,786
3,147
2,830
2,997
2,763
2,759
2,718
2,551
2,640
3,040
3,047
3,187
2,977
3,099
3,177
2,721
3,057
2,791
2,736
2,686
2,937
3,122
2,944
2,230
2,503
2,852
2,981
2,724
2,967
3,106
2,845
2,429
2,652
2,959
2,641
2,671
2,891
2,748
2,844
2,535
2,584
2,782
2,879
2,942
3,315
3,314
3,958
3,374
3,685
3,395
3,438
3,309
3,171
3,336
3,881
3,812
4,062
3,900
3,855
3,757
3,357
3,892
3,451
3,602
3,294
3,466
3,800
3,713
2,929
3,211
3,498
3,768
3,394
3,626
3,782
3,664
3,025
3,142
3,548
3,312
3,420
3,503
3,289
3,402
3,239
3,213
3,641
3,588
2,133
1,974
2,083
2,551
2,078
2,396
1,985
2,259
2,256
2,080
2,187
2,446
2,330
2,764
2,694
2,378
2,162
2,227
2,672
2,194
2,466
2,058
2,292
2,346
2,439
1,944
2,178
2,145
2,489
2,108
2,145
2,285
2,418
2,021
1,835
2,194
2,187
2,307
2,230
2,088
2,051
1,863
2,156
2,178
2,212
5,483
4,930
5,517
5,328
5,318
5,436
5,585
5,352
5,562
5,281
5,693
5,303
5,060
5,370
5,564
5,052
4,671
5,544
5,359
5,592
5,676
4,870
5,153
5,148
5,173
5,146
5,259
5,054
5,514
5,002
4,953
5,011
5,188
5,059
4,768
4,881
4,895
5,018
4,605
4,844
4,759
4,778
4,830
5,114
5,016
3,729
3,355
3,723
3,309
3,378
3,257
3,698
3,376
3,383
3,294
3,623
3,115
3,135
3,168
3,202
2,986
2,841
3,449
3,073
3,149
3,441
2,807
3,013
2,975
3,061
3,148
3,109
2,763
3,052
3,155
2,784
2,860
2,754
3,255
3,158
3,012
3,136
3,132
2,918
2,925
2,959
3,116
3,113
3,186
3,150
4,234
4,536
4,521
4,724
4,549
4,664
4,547
4,705
4,313
4,406
4,472
4,726
4,605
4,958
4,781
4,707
4,512
4,619
4,627
4,514
4,642
4,295
4,334
4,653
4,726
4,016
4,200
4,441
4,700
4,483
4,531
4,713
4,542
3,951
4,169
4,460
4,203
4,273
4,459
4,290
4,315
3,996
4,255
4,494
4,493
6,612
5,910
6,498
6,750
2,853
3,603
2,286
5,209
3,226
4,524
Normal2
1

P=Preliminary.
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are
deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For example, a weather station recording a mean
daily temperature of 40 F would report 25 heating degree-days. Temperature information recorded by
weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.
2
Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures
are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. See Appendix C for map of Census
divisions.
21
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S. Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2009
2,000
High: 1,410 (1998)
30-Year Normal: 1,242
Degree-Days
1,500
1,000
Low: 1,029 (1976)
500
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 2009

4,000
30-Year Normal
2009
Degree-Days
3,000
2,477
1,982
2,000
2,570
2,025
1,564
1,504
1,497
1,308
949
1,000
665
441
587
731
547
755
720
884
362
0
New
England
1
2
22
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central

West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.

Source: Table 1.10.
Mountain
Pacific
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Normal2
1
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
United
States 1
654
353
602
368
352
479
465
364
551
393
467
402
407
378
434
487
436
321
538
468
372
301
406
545
426
477
511
276
486
548
507
400
395
505
631
317
519
570
522
402
642
528
484
497
362
901
542
934
640
638
779
730
614
830
614
708
597
689
615
588
793
657
541
799
649
627
626
729
782
658
656
854
460
764
722
803
623
586
788
882
542
722
863
685
670
990
778
788
745
587
949
602
1,043
722
688
827
783
643
864
626
788
619
823
741
618
816
658
643
934
724
643
738
918
975
652
647
959
449
735
664
921
629
574
889
855
658
744
933
645
604
960
752
900
698
547
1,038
729
1,238
961
914
1,066
960
908
1,009
878
1,003
939
1,122
1,027
871
1,217
924
859
1,178
955
830
1,021
1,115
1,230
864
983
1,125
637
817
887
985
821
873
1,138
970
1,023
1,028
1,087
946
752
1,094
1,079
1,135
847
720
2,128
1,919
2,045
1,926
1,931
2,007
1,932
1,843
2,000
1,842
2,011
1,675
2,020
1,972
1,833
2,075
1,889
1,958
1,925
1,865
2,004
2,149
2,067
1,923
1,977
2,143
2,197
1,777
2,092
2,005
2,081
1,867
1,886
2,277
2,024
1,929
1,891
2,209
2,007
2,037
2,081
2,037
2,212
1,987
2,025
1,776
1,568
1,791
1,613
1,634
1,662
1,577
1,525
1,665
1,382
1,520
1,232
1,808
1,685
1,412
1,834
1,576
1,537
1,579
1,508
1,596
1,792
1,718
1,582
1,417
1,622
1,758
1,293
1,622
1,448
1,671
1,474
1,393
1,928
1,733
1,736
1,535
1,808
1,494
1,549
1,696
1,670
1,927
1,560
1,497
2,510
2,473
2,643
2,492
2,579
2,375
2,448
2,513
2,359
2,342
2,261
2,035
2,720
2,638
2,242
2,734
2,498
2,502
2,288
2,469
2,599
2,618
2,368
2,422
2,295
2,579
2,499
2,201
2,369
2,422
2,448
2,515
2,361
3,026
2,645
2,787
2,565
2,545
2,522
2,485
2,636
2,776
2,488
2,494
2,570
1,198
1,120
1,124
1,308
961
1,163
1,074
1,141
1,123
1,188
1,031
1,058
1,256
1,174
1,164
1,202
1,331
1,121
1,174
1,190
1,210
1,188
1,196
1,320
1,330
1,294
1,182
1,206
1,113
1,436
1,234
1,381
1,335
1,271
1,242
1,488
1,498
1,543
1,639
1,376
1,457
1,586
1,663
1,504
1,504
593
597
560
770
542
689
685
698
624
690
547
620
715
738
770
658
876
619
776
956
737
664
706
729
685
827
672
905
708
801
754
856
921
732
635
756
794
739
941
823
728
916
811
868
884
1,318
1,110
1,344
1,206
1,153
1,242
1,204
1,146
1,241
1,117
1,172
1,029
1,285
1,226
1,113
1,313
1,209
1,136
1,260
1,214
1,194
1,249
1,269
1,283
1,156
1,260
1,331
1,040
1,218
1,220
1,293
1,180
1,156
1,410
1,297
1,229
1,245
1,396
1,290
1,232
1,397
1,368
1,399
1,277
1,229
441
665
731
949
1,982
1,564
2,477
1,308
755
1,242

P=Preliminary.
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are
deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For example, a weather station recording a mean
daily temperature of 78 F would report 13 cooling degree-days. Temperature information recorded by
weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.
2
Pacific 1
Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are
aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. See Appendix C for map of Census
divisions.
23
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense,
1975-2009
1,600
U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Years

Fiscal Years 1975-2009
1,600
Total
Defense
1,200
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
1,200
Non-Defense
800
Defense
400
800
400
Non-Defense
0
1975
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 2009

50
44.2
40
Trillion Btu
35.3
31.1
30
29.9
18.6
20
16.5
10.8
10
10.2
7.9
6.6
4.3
0
Postal
Service
1
Energy
Veterans
Affairs
General Services Administration.

Health and Human Services.
3
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
4
See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.
2
24
GSA
Justice
HHS
NASA
Interior
Agriculture
Transportation
Other 4
Note: The U.S. Governments fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in
1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.
Source: Table 1.11.
Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Agriculture
9.5
9.3
8.9
9.1
9.2
8.6
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.9
8.4
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.7
9.6
9.6
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.0
9.1
7.4
7.9
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.7
7.0
7.5
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.6
Defense
Energy
GSA 1
HHS 2
Interior
Justice
NASA 3
Postal
Service
1,360.2
1,183.3
1,192.3
1,157.8
1,175.8
1,183.1
1,239.5
1,264.5
1,248.3
1,292.1
1,250.6
1,222.8
1,280.5
1,165.8
1,274.4
1,241.7
1,269.3
1,104.0
1,048.8
977.0
926.0
904.5
880.0
837.1
810.7
779.1
787.2
837.5
902.3
960.7
933.2
843.7
864.6
R889.9
880.3
50.4
50.3
51.6
50.1
49.6
47.4
47.3
49.0
49.5
51.6
52.2
46.9
48.5
49.9
44.2
43.5
42.1
44.3
43.4
42.1
47.3
44.6
43.1
31.5
27.0
30.5
31.1
30.7
31.6
31.4
29.6
32.9
31.5
28.1
31.1
22.3
20.6
20.4
20.4
19.6
18.1
18.0
18.1
16.1
16.2
20.7
14.0
13.1
12.4
12.7
17.5
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.0
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.1
14.4
17.6
18.4
17.5
19.6
18.3
18.4
18.2
19.1
18.4
18.6
6.5
6.7
6.9
6.5
6.4
6.0
6.7
6.4
6.2
6.4
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.4
6.7
7.1
6.2
6.8
7.2
7.5
6.1
6.6
7.9
7.4
7.1
8.0
8.5
8.0
10.1
8.8
9.6
9.3
9.9
10.3
10.8
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.2
10.4
8.5
7.6
7.4
7.7
8.4
7.8
6.9
6.6
7.0
7.1
7.4
7.1
7.0
7.5
7.9
6.4
4.3
6.6
6.4
7.5
7.8
9.5
8.2
8.2
8.7
8.6
8.1
7.5
7.5
7.9
5.9
5.7
5.9
5.9
6.4
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.5
6.4
8.2
8.6
8.1
9.4
7.7
7.0
8.0
7.5
9.1
10.3
10.2
12.1
12.0
15.8
15.4
19.7
19.7
17.7
22.7
17.5
18.8
23.5
20.7
18.8
16.5
13.4
12.4
12.0
11.2
11.1
10.4
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.6
10.9
11.2
11.3
11.3
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.4
12.6
12.4
11.5
12.0
11.7
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.8
9.9
10.3
10.2
10.6
10.2
10.2
30.5
30.0
32.7
30.9
29.3
27.2
27.9
27.5
26.5
27.7
27.8
28.0
28.5
29.6
30.3
30.6
30.8
31.7
33.7
35.0
36.2
36.4
40.8
39.5
39.8
43.3
43.4
41.6
50.9
50.5
53.5
51.8
45.8
46.4
44.2

3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama
Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation,
Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency,
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad
Retirement Board, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Small
Business Administration, Office of Personnel Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency,
Central Intelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, and
U.S. Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau).
Notes: For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Governments fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning
2
Transportation
19.3
19.5
20.4
20.6
19.6
19.2
18.8
19.1
19.4
19.8
19.6
19.4
19.0
18.7
18.5
19.0
19.0
17.0
19.4
19.8
18.7
19.6
19.1
18.5
22.6
21.2
17.8
18.3
5.6
5.2
5.0
4.6
5.6
R4.7
4.3
Veterans
Affairs
27.1
25.0
25.9
26.8
25.7
24.8
24.0
24.2
24.1
24.6
25.1
25.0
24.9
26.3
26.2
24.9
25.1
25.3
25.7
25.6
25.4
26.8
27.3
27.6
27.5
27.0
27.7
27.7
30.5
29.9
30.0
29.3
30.0
29.5
29.9
Other 4
10.5
11.2
11.9
12.4
12.3
12.3
11.1
11.6
10.8
10.7
13.1
10.8
11.9
15.8
15.6
17.5
18.1
15.7
16.2
17.1
17.9
18.5
21.6
20.3
20.6
21.0
21.4
19.8
36.2
39.2
37.2
33.2
33.2
35.2
35.3
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,129.3
1,108.5
1,092.0
1,037.9
1,011.6
993.8
1,003.0
1,044.8
1,136.3
1,187.0
1,161.6
1,071.5
1,085.3
R1,105.6
1,095.7
in 1977, the U.S. Governments fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year
2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). Data in this table are developed using the following
conversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)coal: 24.580 million
Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel;
motor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Btu/pound. Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, including
aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use
for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Page:
See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regulations/facility_reporting.html for related
information.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal
Energy Management Program.
25
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009
Total U.S. Government Energy Consumption
1.8
1.57
Quadrillion Btu
1.5
1.2
1.14
1.10
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.0
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
By Major Energy Source
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
By Selected Petroleum Product
1,200
800
1,000
600
Jet Fuel
Petroleum
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
800
600
400
Fuel Oil
400
200
Electricity
200
Coal
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1975
2005
1
Noted in reference to Executive Order 13423 (January 24, 2007), Sec. 2(a) that requires
Federal agencies to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gasses...relative to the
baseline of the agencys energy use in fiscal year 2003.
2
Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.
26
Motor Gasoline
Natural Gas
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

Note: U.S. Governments fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975
and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.
Source: Table 1.12.
Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Petroleum
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Coal
77.9
71.3
68.4
66.0
65.1
63.5
65.1
68.6
62.4
65.3
64.8
63.8
67.0
60.2
48.7
44.3
45.9
51.7
38.3
35.0
31.7
23.3
22.5
23.9
21.2
22.7
18.8
16.9
17.7
17.4
17.1
23.5
20.4
16.9
20.3
Natural
Gas 1
166.2
151.8
141.2
144.7
148.9
147.3
142.2
146.2
147.8
157.4
149.9
140.9
145.6
144.6
152.4
159.4
154.1
151.2
152.9
143.9
149.7
147.4
154.0
140.7
137.6
134.0
133.9
134.1
139.7
134.8
135.1
132.0
130.8
131.9
131.1
Aviation
Gasoline
22.0
11.6
8.8
6.2
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.6
2.6
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.0
6.0
.8
.5
.4
1.0
.7
.6
.3
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.4
.6
.4
.3
.3
Fuel Oil
376.0
329.7
348.5
332.3
327.1
307.7
351.3
349.4
329.5
342.9
292.6
271.6
319.5
284.8
245.3
245.2
232.6
200.6
187.0
198.5
178.5
170.6
180.1
174.6
162.2
171.4
177.0
165.7
189.8
259.8
239.8
207.8
211.4
R180.0
169.0
Jet Fuel
LPG 3
and Other 4
707.4
610.0
619.2
601.1
618.6
638.7
653.3
672.7
673.4
693.7
705.7
710.2
702.3
617.2
761.7
732.4
774.5
628.2
612.4
550.7
522.3
513.0
475.7
445.5
444.7
403.1
415.2
472.9
517.9
508.2
492.2
442.6
461.1
504.4
505.6
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.

3 Liquefied petroleum gases.
4 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,
compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.
5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
6 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
2
5.6
4.7
4.1
3.0
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.2
5.7
6.4
9.0
11.4
9.3
10.9
11.4
21.7
17.2
9.4
2.9
4.3
7.9
6.0
6.6
6.0
9.0
4.7
5.6
R18.2
13.6
Motor
Gasoline 5
63.2
60.4
61.4
60.1
59.1
56.5
53.2
53.1
51.6
51.2
50.4
45.3
43.1
41.2
41.1
37.2
34.1
35.6
34.5
29.5
31.9
27.6
39.0
43.1
41.1
43.9
42.5
41.3
45.7
43.5
48.2
47.8
46.0
R47.3
48.7
Total
Electricity
1,174.2
1,016.4
1,042.1
1,002.9
1,013.1
1,011.8
1,066.2
1,082.8
1,061.1
1,093.8
1,054.6
1,032.4
1,069.9
952.4
1,054.5
1,021.7
1,050.7
876.8
843.9
790.2
744.4
733.2
712.2
672.8
650.9
622.9
642.9
686.1
760.3
817.8
789.6
703.5
724.5
R750.2
737.2
141.5
139.3
141.1
141.0
141.2
141.9
144.5
147.5
151.5
155.9
167.2
155.8
169.9
171.2
188.6
193.6
192.7
192.5
193.1
190.9
185.3
184.5
184.0
181.8
180.4
194.0
188.8
189.1
196.1
195.4
195.9
194.9
193.2
R189.7
189.3
Purchased
Steam
and Other 6
5.1
4.6
5.7
6.4
7.1
6.8
6.2
6.2
9.0
10.1
13.9
13.7
13.9
32.0
20.6
19.1
18.3
22.5
18.6
18.2
18.2
20.1
19.2
18.8
21.5
20.2
18.6
18.5
22.5
21.6
23.9
17.7
16.4
16.9
17.8
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,129.3
1,108.5
1,092.0
1,037.9
1,011.6
993.8
1,003.0
1,044.8
1,136.3
1,187.0
1,161.6
1,071.5
1,085.3
R1,105.6
1,095.7
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motor
gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Web Page:
information.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy
Management Program.
27
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2008, and 2009
By Agency
800
All Other Agencies
Department of Defense
697 696 680
600
Trillion Btu
2003
2008
2009
400
200
101 101 101
77
70
74
28
63
23
54
25
58
95
89
88
63
62
57
13
0
Petroleum
Electricity
Natural Gas
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
Petroleum
Electricity
Natural Gas
10
13
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
By Source
1,200
2003
2008
1,136 1,106
2009
1,096
1,000
Trillion Btu
800
600
760
518
504
750
737
506
400
190
200
180
196
169
46
47
49
0
Jet Fuel
1
Fuel Oil
Motor
Gasoline5
19
28
189
140
132
131
40
14
All Other
Petroleum6
Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 8.

3
Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
4
5
Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
2
190
Total
Petroleum
Electricity
Natural Gas
34
38
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
Total
6
Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other types of fuel used in vehicles and
equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas, and
biodiesel.
Note: The U.S. Governments fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30.
Source: Table 1.13.
Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2008, and 2009
(Trillion Btu)
Resource
and Fiscal Years
Coal
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Natural Gas 5
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Petroleum
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Aviation Gasoline
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Fuel Oil 6
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Jet Fuel
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
LPG 7 and Other 8
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Motor Gasoline 9
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Electricity
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Purchased Steam and Other 10
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
Total Energy
2003 .....................................
2008 .....................................
2009 P ..................................
1
2
3
4
Energy
GSA 1
HHS 2
Interior
0.0
15.4
14.9
16.2
2.0
1.8
3.9
0.0
.0
.0
R(s)
R(s)
R(s)
1.4
1.2
1.2
76.6
69.5
74.2
7.0
5.9
6.3
7.6
6.8
6.9
3.7
5.6
6.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
R696.3
697.1
679.7
3.0
2.4
2.6
.2
.2
.2
(s)
.1
(s)
(s)
.2
.1
(s)
.0
.0
.4
.5
.6
166.5
R161.7
148.8
.0
.0
.0
509.9
499.3
500.6
Agriculture
Defense
R(s)
R(s)
.7
.4
.5
R
R
Postal
Service
Transportation
Veterans
Affairs
Justice
NASA 3
(s)
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.2
.2
.2
0.0
.0
.0
17.7
16.9
20.3
1.3
1.1
1.2
8.6
10.1
7.6
2.9
2.8
2.8
10.4
9.3
5.1
.7
.7
.6
15.6
14.9
15.1
4.2
4.0
3.9
139.7
131.9
131.1
1.5
1.0
.9
4.4
4.0
4.1
6.5
2.9
3.4
1.4
1.1
1.0
18.2
16.1
19.6
1.6
1.1
1.1
2.8
2.0
2.1
20.3
20.1
19.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
R(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
.0
R(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
.0
R(s)
(s)
.1
.0
(s)
2.0
1.4
1.7
.1
.1
.1
.9
.6
.6
1.2
1.1
1.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
5.1
2.7
4.9
.3
.2
.2
1.9
1.0
1.1
10.7
10.1
9.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.1
1.5
.0
.1
.6
.6
.5
.0
.0
.0
.6
.5
.5
.0
.0
.0
5.2
4.0
3.9
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.7
1.0
.8
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.3
R(s)
.3
.5
.8
6.6
18.2
13.6
R
R
.0
.0
R
R
R
R
Total
(s)
760.3
750.2
737.2
.3
.3
.3
(s)
R
189.8
180.0
169.0
517.9
504.4
505.6
4.2
15.6
10.7
.1
.3
.3
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
16.5
19.7
19.4
.9
.7
.6
.1
.1
.1
.5
.2
.2
2.4
1.8
1.9
4.5
2.6
2.9
.2
.1
.1
12.9
13.2
14.4
.7
.4
.4
.9
.8
.9
4.1
5.4
5.6
45.7
47.3
48.7
2.6
1.9
1.8
101.1
100.7
101.1
18.0
16.7
16.8
10.0
9.8
9.8
3.6
3.4
3.4
2.4
2.2
2.4
7.0
5.2
5.0
5.8
5.5
5.5
21.7
20.7
19.4
R2.7
R10.8
10.2
2.5
10.8
10.5
10.1
10.9
196.1
189.7
189.3
.3
.3
.5
12.2
8.5
9.1
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.3
.4
.2
.1
.2
.2
.7
.5
.6
.8
.9
.9
.7
.3
.1
R(s)
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.2
1.1
1.1
22.5
16.9
17.8
7.7
6.6
6.6
R889.9
902.3
31.6
28.1
31.1
19.6
18.4
18.6
10.1
10.3
10.8
8.2
7.5
7.9
22.7
18.8
16.5
10.8
10.2
10.2
50.9
46.4
44.2
30.5
29.5
29.9
36.2
35.2
35.3
R1,105.6
2.2
2.1
2.1
880.3

National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee
Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,
Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.
Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (International
Broadcasting Bureau).
5 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.
8 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,
compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.
9 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
.1
Other 4
3.2
.2
.2
5.6
R4.7
4.3
1,136.3
1,095.7
10
Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion.
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motor
gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Web Page:
information.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy
Management Program.
29
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share of
U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2009
25
45
20
36
15
2009: 20
10
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
Total, 1949-2009
27
2009: 35%
18
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1950
2000
By Source, 1949-2009
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share of

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2009
12
50
Coal
44
40
32
8
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
10
Natural Gas
6
4
29
30
20
Crude Oil and

Lease Condensate
13
10
2
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Notes: Data through 2000 are on a calendar-year basis; data for 2001-2009 are on a fiscalyear basis (OctoberSeptember). Federally Administered Lands include all classes of land
30
Coal
Natural Gas
Crude Oil and

Lease Condensate
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
owned by the Federal Government, including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and
public lands.
Source: Table 1.14.
Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate
Year
Million
Barrels 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
Natural Gas Plant Liquids 1

Million
Barrels 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
Natural Gas 2
Trillion
Cubic Feet 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Coal
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Short Tons 3
2.8
2.4
4.8
7.8
10.2
16.9
18.3
19.3
20.1
22.9
23.8
25.2
25.8
29.3
30.1
30.2
32.1
33.5
32.1
33.7
31.8
30.3
33.4
31.9
30.7
36.8
33.8
35.0
36.3
36.0
36.4
38.8
39.3
537.1
638.4
37.2
9.5
7.7
5.9
5.2
8.2
12.0
17.3
19.0
24.2
32.1
43.6
86.4
74.8
79.2
84.9
92.9
138.8
130.0
124.3
136.3
184.6
189.7
195.2
225.4
236.3
280.6
285.1
266.7
285.7
321.4
376.9
354.5
362.6
371.1
414.5
440.2
35.7
35.4
31.5
39.4
36.6
27.4
R30.1
R24.6
31.7
425.4
507.8
446.7
551.1
431.0
466.2
467.5
506.1
490.6
Quadrillion
Btu
Fossil Fuels
Percent of
U.S. Total
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
0.24
.19
.15
.13
.20
.29
.41
.44
.57
.74
1.00
1.98
1.69
1.76
1.91
2.08
3.10
2.89
2.74
3.00
4.04
4.16
4.28
4.92
5.14
6.12
6.18
5.78
6.12
6.88
8.04
7.56
7.72
7.95
8.73
9.27
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.6
2.0
3.1
3.1
4.1
5.3
6.7
12.6
10.7
11.8
10.9
11.2
16.8
15.5
15.9
15.2
20.9
21.3
21.2
23.7
24.1
27.2
28.5
26.6
30.0
30.9
36.2
33.0
33.0
33.0
37.4
40.7
0.96
.98
1.55
2.77
4.07
7.64
8.47
8.61
8.75
9.16
8.99
10.16
10.06
10.61
11.02
11.09
12.53
12.29
11.43
12.62
13.19
12.79
13.45
13.67
13.64
16.05
15.47
15.55
16.17
17.14
18.56
18.79
19.29
518.97
620.07
20.92
3.3
3.0
4.1
6.9
8.6
12.9
14.6
14.6
15.0
16.3
16.4
18.6
18.3
19.3
19.0
18.8
21.4
21.4
21.0
21.4
22.9
22.6
23.5
23.6
23.7
27.4
26.7
27.0
29.0
29.5
32.3
32.2
32.8
532.0
634.8
36.5
8.87
10.51
9.18
11.27
8.78
9.47
9.51
R10.24
9.83
38.1
45.7
41.3
49.7
37.8
40.1
40.4
43.3
43.8
20.31
21.63
34.9
37.6
32.4
38.1
33.4
32.3
R34.0
R32.2
35.1
Calendar-Year Data 4
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
95.2
105.9
159.5
277.3
378.6
605.6
648.9
630.5
604.3
570.2
531.5
525.7
535.0
523.6
519.8
510.4
529.3
552.3
568.8
595.8
628.3
608.4
577.3
516.3
488.9
515.9
491.0
529.1
529.3
527.7
567.4
596.5
632.8
5606.3
6628.9
689.2
0.55
.61
.92
1.61
2.20
3.51
3.76
3.66
3.51
3.31
3.08
3.05
3.10
3.04
3.01
2.96
3.07
3.20
3.30
3.46
3.64
3.53
3.35
2.99
2.84
2.99
2.85
3.07
3.07
3.06
3.29
3.46
3.67
53.52
63.65
4.00
5.2
5.4
6.4
10.8
13.3
17.2
18.8
18.2
18.0
17.8
17.4
17.7
17.8
16.5
16.7
16.2
16.9
17.5
17.9
18.3
19.2
19.2
18.9
17.3
17.6
19.2
18.1
20.2
21.2
21.7
23.7
25.2
26.9
526.6
629.3
32.3
4.4
4.4
6.0
11.6
14.3
40.6
54.0
56.7
54.9
61.9
59.7
57.2
57.4
25.9
11.9
10.5
12.3
15.0
14.0
25.4
26.6
23.3
23.7
37.0
45.1
50.9
72.7
70.7
64.4
60.0
74.0
71.2
74.7
560.3
666.5
88.9
0.02
.02
.03
.05
.06
.17
.22
.23
.22
.25
.24
.23
.23
.10
.05
.04
.05
.06
.05
.10
.10
.09
.09
.14
.17
.19
.28
.27
.24
.23
.28
.27
.28
5.23
6.25
.33
2.8
2.4
2.1
3.4
3.2
6.7
8.7
8.9
8.7
10.1
10.0
9.7
9.7
4.5
2.1
1.8
2.1
2.7
2.5
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.1
6.2
8.0
8.9
12.0
11.4
10.2
9.5
11.5
10.6
11.3
59.4
69.9
12.7
0.15
.14
.43
.95
1.56
3.56
3.95
4.17
4.37
4.75
4.57
4.81
4.94
5.60
5.93
5.85
6.15
5.97
5.17
5.88
5.24
4.87
5.56
5.45
5.32
6.55
5.99
6.25
6.56
6.78
6.78
7.31
7.43
57.06
67.24
7.14
0.15
.15
.45
.98
1.61
3.67
4.08
4.28
4.46
4.87
4.67
4.91
5.04
5.71
6.05
6.01
6.31
6.14
5.33
6.07
5.41
5.01
5.73
5.61
5.49
6.74
6.17
6.43
6.74
6.97
6.96
7.50
7.62
57.27
67.44
7.32
Fiscal-Year Data 7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
676.5
647.8
3.92
3.76
32.0
30.5
8422.6
82.45
820.4
356.4
439.9
502.1
584.7
476.6
544.3
2.07
2.55
2.91
3.39
2.76
3.16
17.7
22.7
27.4
31.5
26.1
28.8
93.0
106.5
101.0
110.7
96.6
84.1
94.5
101.3
87.3
0.35
.40
.38
.41
.36
.31
.35
.38
.32
14.0
15.2
16.0
16.8
14.8
13.7
14.7
15.2
13.1
6.98
6.78
6.01
7.38
6.70
4.96
5.73
4.96
6.60
1 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the natural
gas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, the
royalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included with
natural gas.
2 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants and
fractionators.
3 Data from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), are
for sales volumes.
4 Through 2000, data are on a calendar-year (January through December) basis. The only exception is
in 1949-1974 with production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, which is on a fiscal-year (July through
June) basis.
5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," Naval
7.17
6.96
R6.17
R7.58
R6.88
5.10
R5.90
5.09
6.77
R18.18
R21.32
R18.57
17.80
R19.15
18.48
20.08
Petroleum Reserve No. 1.

6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 1999; beginning in 1999 Naval Petroleum
Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included.
7 Beginning in 2001, data are on a fiscal-year (October through September) basis; for example,
fiscal-year 2006 data are for October 2005 through September 2006.
8 A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diverted to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
R=Revised.
Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government,
including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public lands.
For related information, see http://www.mrm.mms.gov.
Sources: See end of section.
31
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use

Total, 1980-2009
As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2009
8
Total
2009: 5.1%
6
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
Petroleum Products
2
Natural Gas
Coal
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1980
2005
By Fuel, 2009
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Petroleum Product, 2009
1.8
1.5
4.1
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
0.6
0.2
Natural Gas
Coal

Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.
(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.
32
0.9
0.3
(s)
Petroleum Products
0.9
0.7
1.2
0.2
0.1
(s)
0.0
LPG
Petro- Asphalt
and
chemical
Feed- Road Oil
stocks
Lubricants
Petro- Pentanes Special Other

Plus Naphthas
leum
Coke
Note: See Note Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels at end of section.

Source: Table 1.15.
Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, Selected Years, 1980-2009
Petroleum Products
Year
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Pentanes
Plus
Lubricants
Petrochemical
Feedstocks
Petroleum
Coke
Special
Naphthas
Physical Units
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
145
156
176
162
166
174
176
178
177
184
190
200
192
189
187
184
196
199
185
180
152
130
230
265
R340
394
397
389
437
450
470
473
494
520
479
445
465
441
453
428
R440
449
R421
448
(3)
13
18
10
13
60
56
66
69
65
44
57
51
44
37
37
37
33
23
30
R25
20
58
53
60
53
54
55
58
57
55
58
61
62
61
56
55
51
52
51
42
52
48
43
253
144
199
R203
214
216
R224
215
217
250
252
238
243
214
229
247
287
266
265
242
R210
168
24
15
30
25
38
21
23
22
25
20
35
47
23
34
32
27
R43
R36
43
R41
R40
29
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
0.96
1.03
1.17
1.08
1.10
1.15
1.17
1.18
1.18
1.22
1.26
1.32
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
1.30
1.32
1.26
1.20
1.01
.87
0.78
.90
R1.18
R1.37
1.39
1.35
R1.54
R1.58
R1.64
R1.66
R1.73
R1.81
R1.66
1.55
R1.61
R1.54
R1.57
1.49
1.52
1.54
R1.45
1.52
(3)
.06
.08
.04
.06
.28
.26
.30
.32
.30
.20
.26
.24
.20
.17
.17
.17
.15
.11
.14
R.12
.09
0.35
.32
.36
.32
.33
.34
.35
.35
.34
.35
.37
.37
.37
.34
.33
.31
.31
.31
.25
.31
.29
.26
1.43
.82
1.12
1.15
1.20
1.22
1.26
1.21
1.21
1.40
1.40
1.33
1.35
1.19
1.27
1.37
1.59
1.47
1.48
1.35
R1.17
.93
0.14
.09
.18
.15
.23
.12
.14
.13
.15
.12
.21
.28
.14
.21
.19
.16
R.26
R.22
.26
R.24
R.24
.17
Other
Total
Natural
Gas
Coal
Total
Percent of
Total Energy
Consumption
4.92
4.18
R5.03
5.08
R5.29
R5.42
5.73
R5.74
R5.83
R6.09
R6.34
R6.54
R6.11
R5.71
R5.84
R5.72
R6.12
R5.92
R5.86
R5.79
R5.29
4.79
6.3
5.5
R5.9
6.0
R6.2
6.2
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.8
6.2
R5.9
6.0
R5.8
6.1
5.9
5.9
R5.7
R5.3
5.1
37
30
20
17
20
20
15
13
14
14
20
28
19
15
20
15
10
12
13
15
16
9
58
41
39
44
35
33
35
34
34
35
39
37
R37
R38
38
R37
R36
R37
R41
R40
R41
41
0.34
.24
.23
.26
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.21
.23
R.21
R.21
R.22
.22
R.22
R.21
R.22
R.24
R.24
R.24
.24
805
718
639
500
R882
R561
R908
573
R938
R603
969
R1,025
1,035
1,061
1,100
1,137
R1,187
R1,105
R1,035
1,063
R1,039
R1,114
R1,062
R1,052
R1,048
R954
887
R618
673
668
681
706
762
R752
R726
R627
657
R611
R612
R637
R633
R651
R644
627
2.4
1.1
.6
.6
1.2
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.4
4.19
3.63
R4.43
4.47
R4.62
4.76
5.01
R5.02
R5.10
R5.33
R5.53
R5.75
R5.34
R5.04
R5.15
5.07
R5.48
5.24
R5.19
R5.10
R4.61
4.13
0.65
.52
.58
.59
R.62
R.64
.69
.69
.70
R.73
.79
.77
R.74
R.65
R.68
R.63
R.63
R.66
R.65
R.67
R.66
.65
0.08
.03
.02
.02
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
Quadrillion Btu
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Petroleummillion barrels; natural gasbillion cubic feet; and coalmillion short tons.
Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable.
Notes: Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy
consumption (see Table 1.3). See Note, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. Because of
changes in methodology, data series may be revised annually. Estimates of nonfuel use in this table are
considered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which are considered
transportation use. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
2
3
0.19
.16
.11
.09
.10
.10
.08
.07
.07
.07
.11
.15
.10
.08
.10
.08
.05
.06
.07
.08
.08
.04
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment.html.

Sources: Petroleum Products: 1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane in 1980.
1981 forwardEIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and unpublished data. Natural Gas:
1980Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, Hydrocarbon, Coal, and Coke Materials
Consumed. 1981 forwardU.S. Department of Commerce. Coal: 1980 forwardEIA estimates
based on the methodology underlying the nonfuel emissions calculations in EIAs Emissions of Greenhouse
Gases in the United States 2008. Percent of Total Energy Consumption: Derived by dividing total by
total consumption on Table 1.3.
33
Energy Overview
Note. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the United
States and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some are
used directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofing
and paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products that
are used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used in
vehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemical feedstocks are used to
make plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products; and natural gas is used to
make nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the chemical industry. For more
information, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States (Nonfuel Use of Energy Inputs section in
Chapter 2), at http://www.eia.gov/environment.html.
Table 1.14 Sources; Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10): 1949-1980U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS), Federal and Indian Lands Oil and Gas Production,
Royalty Income, and Related Statistics, and Federal and Indian Lands Coal, Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Mineral Production, Royalty Income, and
34
Related Statistics (June 1981). U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Naval
Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (NPOSR), unpublished data; and USGS, National
Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. 1981-1983DOI, Minerals
Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal
and Indian Leases, annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data; and USGS,
National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. 1984-1998DOI, MMS,
Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, annual
reports; and DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data. 1999 and 2000DOI, MMS.
Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal and American Indian Leases,
annual reports. 2001 forwardDOI, MMS, "2001-Forward MRM Statistical
Information." Btu Data: Data in columns 2, 5, 8, and 11 are calculated by multiplying the physical data by approximate heat contents for total U.S. production in
Tables A2, A4, and A5. Data in column 13 are the sum of the other Btu
columns. Percent of U.S. Total: Percentages are calculated by dividing
production on federally administered lands by total U.S. production, then multiplying by 100. Calendar-year values for total U.S. production are from Tables
5.1, 6.1, and 7.1; fiscal-year values for total U.S. production are the sum of
October-September values from the Monthly Energy Review (May 2010), Tables
3.1, 4.1, and 6.1.
Energy Consumption by Sector
Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from the inner harbor.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector, 2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total = 94.6
Supply Sources
Percent of Source
Petroleum1
35.3
Demand Sectors
Percent of Sector
94
3
72
22
41
40
3
32
35
30
Natural Gas2
23.4
Transportation
27.0
7
11
Industrial5
18.8
17
76
1
7
12
7
<1
93
Coal3
19.7
18
26
9
48
11
22
53
Renewable
Energy 4
Residential &
Commercial6
10.6
Electric Power7
38.3
7.7
Nuclear
Electric Power
8.3
100
Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in
Renewable Energy."
2
Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
3
Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.
4
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.
5
Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
1
Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.
7
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to
sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009, Tables 1.3,
2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
6
37
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009
End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2009
40
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
Quadrillion Btu
30
22%
19%
Transportation
20
Residential
10
29%
Commercial
30%
Industrial
Transportation
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2009
Electric Power Sector, 1949-2009

25
50
Primary Consumption
Total Consumption
30
28.2
27.0
27.0
21.2
20
10
20
38.3
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
40
18.1
18.8
Coal
15
Nuclear Electric
Power
10
Renewable
Energy1
6.6
Natural Gas
4.0
Petroleum
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Note: See Primary Energy Consumption in Glossary.
38
1950
1960
1970
Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.
1980
1990
2000
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009

Residential, By Major Source
Commercial, By Major Source
12
12
10
Electrical
Losses
Electrical
Losses
8
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
10
Electricity
Petroleum
8
Natural Gas
6
Electricity
4
2
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
0
1990
2000
Industrial, By Major Source
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Transportation, By Major Source
12
30
Natural Gas
10
25
20
Electrical
Losses
Electricity
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Petroleum
Petroleum
15
10
Renewable
Energy
Coal
5
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity.
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Sources: Tables 2.1b2.1e.
39
Table 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Commercial 1
Residential
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Primary
Total
Primary
Total
Industrial 2
6
R4,466
R5,605
R2,670
R3,670
R4,836
R5,995
R2,836
R3,895
R5,617
R7,287
R2,564
R3,898
R6,665
R9,053
R2,726
R4,613
R7,297
R10,658
R3,182
R5,851
R8,314
R13,760
R4,235
R8,346
R8,418
R14,239
R4,321
R8,720
R8,615
R14,851
R4,409
R9,185
R8,212
R14,891
R4,419
R9,545
R7,893
R14,649
R4,255
R7,973
R14,810
R4,055
R9,498
R8,374
R15,406
R4,367
R10,070
R8,172
R15,653
R4,253
R10,213
R8,238
R16,122
R4,303
R10,515
R7,905
R15,813
R4,362
R10,656
R7,426
R15,760
R4,101
R10,590
R7,030
R15,268
R3,833
R10,629
R7,130
R15,533
R3,859
R10,871
R6,812
R15,428
R3,835
R10,952
R7,194
R15,971
R3,996
R11,463
R7,129
R16,057
R3,726
R11,475
R6,890
R15,998
R3,688
R11,635
R6,908
R16,288
R3,769
R11,977
R7,340
R17,155
R3,989
R12,607
R7,552
R17,824
R4,039
R13,237
R6,538
R16,982
R3,890
R13,365
R6,725
R17,457
R3,939
R13,546
R6,930
R17,393
R3,985
R13,487
R7,123
R18,257
R3,966
R13,868
R6,959
R18,149
R4,011
R14,143
R6,915
R18,547
R4,094
R14,729
R7,440
R19,531
R4,266
R15,213
R7,007
R18,994
R4,289
R15,726
R6,390
R18,986
R3,998
R16,014
R6,746
R19,583
R4,045
R16,422
R7,127
R20,446
R4,269
R17,218
R6,839
R20,065
R4,076
R17,180
R6,901
R20,838
R4,136
R17,404
R7,183
R21,139
R4,275
R17,388
R6,966
R21,125
R4,223
R17,707
R6,883
R21,660
R4,043
R17,905
R6,155
R20,735
R3,739
R17,760
R6,607
R21,600
R3,923
R18,314
R6,765
R21,606
R4,043
R18,411
6,606
21,207
3,974
18,148
R9,397
Primary
12,627
13,881
16,091
16,977
20,124
22,975
22,732
23,532
24,741
23,816
21,454
22,685
23,193
23,276
24,212
22,610
21,338
R19,075
R18,577
R20,197
R19,467
R19,098
R19,976
R20,883
R20,896
R21,207
R20,853
R21,785
R21,783
R22,421
R22,746
R23,442
R23,720
R23,209
R22,989
R22,869
R21,833
R21,855
R21,538
R22,437
R21,448
R21,557
R21,430
R20,503
18,751
Total
14,717
16,233
19,472
20,823
25,075
29,641
29,601
30,953
32,653
31,819
29,447
31,430
32,307
32,733
33,962
32,077
30,756
R27,656
27,481
R29,624
R28,876
R28,332
R29,442
R30,737
R31,397
R31,894
R31,486
R32,660
R32,720
R33,606
R34,045
R34,988
R35,287
R34,926
R34,854
R34,756
R32,803
R32,762
R32,612
R33,592
R32,528
R32,466
R32,499
R31,358
28,199
1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.
2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricity
retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
40
Transportation
6
Primary 5
7,880
8,384
9,475
10,560
12,400
16,061
16,693
17,681
18,576
18,086
18,209
19,065
19,784
20,580
20,436
19,658
19,476
R19,050
19,132
R19,606
R20,040
R20,739
R21,418
R22,266
R22,423
R22,365
R22,064
R22,362
R22,714
R23,309
R23,790
R24,382
R24,694
R25,200
R25,891
R26,488
R26,212
R26,783
R26,919
R27,816
R28,270
R28,749
R29,030
R27,944
26,951
Total 6
7,990
8,493
9,551
10,597
12,434
16,098
16,729
17,716
18,612
18,119
18,244
19,099
19,820
20,615
20,471
19,696
R19,512
R19,087
R19,174
R19,653
R20,086
R20,788
R21,468
R22,317
R22,477
R22,419
R22,117
R22,414
R22,767
R23,364
R23,846
R24,437
R24,749
R25,255
R25,948
R26,548
R26,275
R26,844
R26,994
R27,895
R28,352
R28,829
R29,118
R28,027
27,033
Electric
Power
Sector 3,4
Primary 5
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,014
16,259
17,124
18,466
19,753
19,933
20,307
21,513
22,591
23,587
23,987
24,327
24,488
24,034
24,679
25,719
26,132
26,338
27,104
28,338
430,025
30,660
31,025
30,893
32,025
32,563
33,621
34,638
35,045
36,385
37,136
38,214
R37,362
R38,173
38,218
38,876
R39,800
R39,590
R40,540
R40,147
38,304
Balancing
Item 7
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
7
1
8
7
2
2
-1
3
4
3
3
-4
3
-3
3
9
-9
1
(s)
-10
-6
3
4
6
-3
6
2
-6
5
R-1
R-6
R (s)
(s)
R-3
R (s)
-9
Primary
Total 8
31,982
34,616
40,208
45,087
54,017
67,844
69,289
72,704
75,708
73,991
71,999
76,012
78,000
79,986
80,903
78,122
76,168
73,153
R73,038
R76,714
R76,491
R76,756
R79,173
R82,819
R84,944
R84,651
R84,606
R85,955
R87,601
R89,257
R91,169
R94,172
R94,761
R95,178
R96,812
R98,970
R96,316
R97,853
R98,131
R100,313
R100,445
R99,790
R101,527
R99,402
94,578
section.
7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use sectors equals the sum of
total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumption does not equal the sum
of the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for natural gas and coal.
8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/consump.html.
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b-2.1f.
Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,272
1,261
867
585
352
209
172
116
94
82
63
59
57
49
37
31
30
32
31
40
39
40
37
37
31
31
25
26
26
21
17
17
16
12
14
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
8
R8
7
1,027
1,240
2,198
3,212
4,028
4,987
5,126
5,264
4,977
4,901
5,023
5,147
4,913
4,981
5,055
4,825
4,614
4,711
4,478
4,661
4,534
4,405
4,420
4,735
4,899
4,491
4,667
4,805
5,063
4,960
4,954
5,354
5,093
4,646
4,835
5,105
4,889
5,014
R5,209
R4,981
R4,946
4,476
R4,850
R4,989
4,874
Petroleum
Total
R1,112
R3,411
R1,329
R3,830
R1,776
R4,842
R2,241
R6,038
R2,449
R6,829
R2,717
R7,913
R2,739
R8,036
R2,856
R8,236
R2,787
R7,858
R2,539
R7,522
R2,463
R7,548
R2,686
R7,892
R2,660
R7,630
R2,586
R7,616
R2,085
R7,177
R1,721
R6,576
R1,516
R6,160
R1,417
R6,160
R1,334
R5,842
R1,513
R6,214
R1,546
R6,119
R1,525
R5,970
R1,601
R6,058
R1,658
R6,430
R1,645
R6,574
R1,375
R5,897
R1,359
R6,052
R1,394
R6,224
R1,416
R6,505
R1,388
R6,369
R1,352
R6,324
R1,456
R6,827
R1,396
R6,505
R1,280
R5,937
R1,435
R6,284
R1,521
R6,637
R1,499
R6,400
R1,426
R6,452
R1,490
R6,712
R1,491
R6,483
R1,422
R6,377
R1,197
R5,679
R1,223
R6,080
R1,204
R6,201
1,162
6,043
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53
56
58
60
62
64
65
65
65
65
64
61
60
59
58
59
61
67
75
R88
101
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.
4 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
5 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
2
Biomass
Total
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
920
580
610
640
550
520
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
430
390
430
R450
430
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
978
641
674
706
618
590
591
612
503
452
462
490
439
449
471
483
507
475
527
R565
563
Total
Primary
R4,466
R4,836
R5,617
R6,665
R7,297
R8,314
R8,418
R8,615
R8,212
R7,893
R7,973
R8,374
R8,172
R8,238
R7,905
R7,426
R7,030
R7,130
R6,812
R7,194
R7,129
R6,890
R6,908
R7,340
R7,552
R6,538
R6,725
R6,930
R7,123
R6,959
R6,915
R7,440
R7,007
R6,390
R6,746
R7,127
R6,839
R6,901
R7,183
R6,966
R6,883
R6,155
R6,607
R6,765
6,606
Electricity
Retail
Sales 4
228
246
438
687
993
1,591
1,704
1,838
1,976
1,973
2,007
2,069
2,202
2,301
2,330
2,448
2,464
2,489
2,562
2,662
2,709
2,795
2,902
3,046
3,090
3,153
3,260
3,193
3,394
3,441
3,557
3,694
3,671
3,856
3,906
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
4,750
R4,708
4,650
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 5
911
913
1,232
1,701
2,368
3,854
4,116
4,397
4,703
4,783
4,829
4,963
5,280
5,582
5,578
5,885
5,773
5,914
6,054
6,116
6,219
6,313
6,479
6,768
7,182
7,291
7,472
7,270
7,739
7,750
8,075
8,397
8,315
8,741
8,931
9,250
R9,126
R9,620
9,603
9,750
10,139
9,968
R10,242
R10,133
9,950
Total
R5,605
R5,995
R7,287
R9,053
R10,658
R13,760
R14,239
R14,851
R14,891
R14,649
R14,810
R15,406
R15,653
R16,122
R15,813
R15,760
R15,268
R15,533
R15,428
R15,971
R16,057
R15,998
R16,288
R17,155
R17,824
R16,982
R17,457
R17,393
R18,257
R18,149
R18,547
R19,531
R18,994
R18,986
R19,583
R20,446
R20,065
R20,838
R21,139
R21,125
R21,660
R20,735
R21,600
R21,606
21,207
energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
41
Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,554
1,542
801
407
265
165
179
153
160
175
147
144
148
165
149
115
137
155
162
169
137
135
125
131
115
124
116
117
117
118
117
122
129
93
103
92
97
90
82
103
97
65
70
R69
61
360
401
651
1,056
1,490
2,473
2,587
2,678
2,649
2,617
2,558
2,718
2,548
2,643
2,836
2,651
2,557
2,650
2,486
2,582
2,488
2,367
2,489
2,731
2,785
2,682
2,795
2,871
2,923
2,962
3,096
3,226
3,285
3,083
3,115
3,252
3,097
3,225
R3,261
R3,201
R3,073
2,902
R3,094
R3,211
3,187
Petroleum 4
Total
R736
R2,650
R874
R2,817
R1,097
R2,549
R1,252
R2,714
R1,418
R3,173
R1,590
R4,227
R1,548
R4,314
R1,570
R4,402
R1,604
R4,413
R1,457
R4,248
R1,342
R4,047
R1,495
R4,358
R1,546
R4,242
R1,484
R4,291
R1,363
R4,348
R1,314
R4,080
R1,118
R3,812
R1,032
R3,837
R1,164
R3,812
R1,222
R3,973
R1,077
R3,702
R1,158
R3,661
R1,126
R3,740
R1,095
R3,957
R1,036
R3,936
R985
R3,792
R928
R3,839
R888
R3,875
R812
R3,853
R819
R3,899
R763
R3,976
R783
R4,131
R736
R4,150
R695
R3,871
R699
R3,917
R798
R4,141
R781
R3,975
R717
R4,032
R819
R4,162
R801
R4,105
R754
R3,924
R655
R3,622
R642
R3,806
R638
R3,918
600
3,849
Hydroelectric
Power 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17

Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.
Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
4 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
2
3
42
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
Biomass
Total
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
99
94
95
105
109
106
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
102
102
R109
108
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
102
98
100
109
114
112
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
119
117
118
R125
125
Total
Primary
R2,670
R2,836
R2,564
R2,726
R3,182
R4,235
R4,321
R4,409
R4,419
R4,255
R4,055
R4,367
R4,253
R4,303
R4,362
R4,101
R3,833
R3,859
R3,835
R3,996
R3,726
R3,688
R3,769
R3,989
R4,039
R3,890
R3,939
R3,985
R3,966
R4,011
R4,094
R4,266
R4,289
R3,998
R4,045
R4,269
R4,076
R4,136
R4,275
R4,223
R4,043
R3,739
R3,923
R4,043
3,974
Electricity
Retail
Sales 6
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 7
200
225
350
543
789
1,201
1,288
1,408
1,517
1,501
1,598
1,678
1,754
1,813
1,854
1,906
2,033
2,077
2,116
2,264
2,351
2,439
2,539
2,675
2,767
2,860
2,918
2,900
3,019
3,116
3,252
3,344
3,503
3,678
3,766
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
4,560
R4,558
4,514
800
834
984
1,344
1,880
2,910
3,111
3,368
3,609
3,640
3,845
4,025
4,206
4,398
4,439
4,582
4,763
4,935
5,001
5,203
5,398
5,508
5,669
5,943
6,431
6,615
6,689
6,603
6,883
7,017
7,382
7,603
7,935
8,338
8,610
8,993
R9,042
R9,159
9,023
9,286
9,511
R9,587
R9,831
R9,810
9,659
Total
R3,670
R3,895
R3,898
R4,613
R5,851
R8,346
R8,720
R9,185
R9,545
R9,397
R9,498
R10,070
R10,213
R10,515
R10,656
R10,590
R10,629
R10,871
R10,952
R11,463
R11,475
R11,635
R11,977
R12,607
R13,237
R13,365
R13,546
R13,487
R13,868
R14,143
R14,729
R15,213
R15,726
R16,014
R16,422
R17,218
R17,180
R17,404
R17,388
R17,707
R17,905
R17,760
R18,314
R18,411
18,148
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. = No data reported.
Notes: The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
5,433
5,781
5,620
4,543
5,127
4,656
3,944
3,993
4,057
3,870
3,667
3,661
3,454
3,314
3,593
3,155
3,157
2,552
2,490
2,842
2,760
2,641
2,673
2,828
2,787
2,756
2,601
2,515
2,496
2,510
2,488
2,434
2,395
2,335
2,227
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
1,865
R1,796
1,396
Coal Coke
Net Imports
-7
1
-10
-6
-18
-58
-33
-26
-7
56
14
(s)
15
125
63
-35
-16
-22
-16
-11
-13
-17
9
40
30
5
10
35
27
58
61
23
46
67
58
65
29
61
51
138
44
61
25
41
-24
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
3,188
3,546
4,701
5,973
7,339
9,536
9,892
9,884
10,388
10,004
8,532
8,762
8,635
8,539
8,549
8,333
8,185
7,068
6,776
7,405
7,032
6,646
7,283
7,655
8,088
8,451
8,572
8,918
9,070
9,126
9,592
9,901
9,933
9,763
9,375
9,500
8,676
8,845
R8,488
R8,536
R7,903
7,846
R8,090
R8,067
7,584
3,468
3,951
5,111
5,747
6,789
7,787
7,856
8,534
9,104
8,694
8,146
9,010
9,774
9,867
10,568
9,525
8,285
7,795
7,420
8,010
7,738
7,880
8,065
8,339
8,120
8,278
7,987
8,581
8,417
8,799
8,613
9,052
9,289
9,114
9,395
9,119
9,217
9,209
9,232
R9,864
9,673
R9,805
9,486
R8,547
7,775
Total
12,083
13,279
15,421
16,258
19,236
21,922
21,659
22,385
23,541
22,624
20,359
21,432
21,879
21,845
22,773
20,977
19,610
17,393
16,670
18,246
17,516
17,150
18,029
18,861
19,025
19,490
19,169
20,048
20,011
20,493
20,754
21,410
21,663
21,280
21,054
20,941
20,115
20,135
R19,812
R20,585
R19,575
19,627
R19,466
R18,450
16,732
Hydroelectric
Power 5
76
69
38
39
33
34
34
34
35
33
32
33
33
32
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
R17
18

Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.
2
3
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
Biomass
Total
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,040
1,113
1,165
1,159
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,695
1,650
R1,874
R1,918
R1,918
R1,915
R1,914
R1,989
R1,841
R1,684
R1,652
R1,705
R1,741
R1,862
R1,934
R1,969
R1,996
R1,872
R1,882
R1,881
R1,681
R1,676
R1,679
R1,817
R1,837
R1,897
R1,944
R2,031
1,997
544
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,074
1,147
1,200
1,192
1,096
1,253
1,314
1,432
1,439
1,633
1,728
1,683
1,908
R1,951
R1,951
R1,948
R1,947
R2,022
R1,871
R1,717
R1,684
R1,737
R1,773
R1,927
R1,992
R2,033
R2,057
R1,929
R1,934
R1,928
R1,719
R1,720
R1,726
R1,853
R1,873
R1,930
R1,964
R2,053
2,019
Total
Primary
12,627
13,881
16,091
16,977
20,124
22,975
22,732
23,532
24,741
23,816
21,454
22,685
23,193
23,276
24,212
22,610
21,338
R19,075
R18,577
R20,197
R19,467
R19,098
R19,976
R20,883
R20,896
R21,207
R20,853
R21,785
R21,783
R22,421
R22,746
R23,442
R23,720
R23,209
R22,989
R22,869
R21,833
R21,855
R21,538
R22,437
R21,448
R21,557
R21,430
R20,503
18,751
Electricity
Retail
Sales 6
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 7
418
500
887
1,107
1,463
1,948
2,011
2,187
2,341
2,337
2,346
2,573
2,682
2,761
2,873
2,781
2,817
2,542
2,648
2,859
2,855
2,834
2,928
3,059
3,158
3,226
3,230
3,319
3,334
3,439
3,455
3,527
3,542
3,587
3,611
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
3,507
R3,444
3,009
1,672
1,852
2,495
2,739
3,488
4,719
4,857
5,233
5,571
5,666
5,647
6,171
6,432
6,696
6,878
6,686
6,600
6,039
6,256
6,568
6,554
6,401
6,538
6,795
7,342
7,461
7,403
7,556
7,602
7,746
7,844
8,018
8,024
8,131
8,254
R8,256
R7,569
R7,529
7,620
7,682
7,602
7,459
7,562
R7,411
6,439
Total
14,717
16,233
19,472
20,823
25,075
29,641
29,601
30,953
32,653
31,819
29,447
31,430
32,307
32,733
33,962
32,077
30,756
R27,656
27,481
R29,624
R28,876
R28,332
R29,442
R30,737
R31,397
R31,894
R31,486
R32,660
R32,720
R33,606
R34,045
R34,988
R35,287
R34,926
R34,854
R34,756
R32,803
R32,762
R32,612
R33,592
R32,528
R32,466
R32,499
R31,358
28,199
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than +0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5
trillion Btu.
Notes: The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.7, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
43
Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,727
1,564
421
75
16
7
5
4
3
2
1
(s)
(s)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
NA
130
254
359
517
745
766
787
743
685
595
559
543
539
612
650
658
612
505
545
519
499
535
632
649
680
620
608
645
709
724
737
780
666
675
672
658
702
R627
R602
R624
625
R665
R694
687
Petroleum 4
6,152
6,690
8,800
10,126
11,868
15,310
15,923
16,891
17,831
17,399
17,614
18,506
19,241
20,041
19,825
19,009
18,811
18,420
18,593
19,020
19,471
20,182
20,816
21,567
21,706
21,625
21,373
21,674
R21,975
22,496
22,954
R23,564
R23,812
R24,421
R25,097
R25,681
R25,412
R25,912
R26,062
R26,924
R27,307
R27,649
R27,762
R26,423
25,342
Total
7,880
8,384
9,475
10,560
12,400
16,061
16,693
17,681
18,576
18,086
18,209
19,065
19,784
20,580
20,436
19,658
19,469
19,032
19,098
19,565
19,990
20,681
21,352
22,198
22,355
22,305
21,994
22,282
R22,620
R23,204
23,678
R24,301
R24,592
R25,087
R25,773
R26,353
R26,070
R26,614
R26,689
R27,526
R27,931
R28,274
R28,427
R27,117
26,029

Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuelssee Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous
Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in
compressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuelsee Table 6.5.
2
3
44
Biomass
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
R18
34
R41
R50
R57
R66
R67
R68
R60
R70
R80
R94
R105
R113
R81
R102
R113
R118
R135
R142
R170
R230
R290
R339
R475
R603
R827
922
Total
Primary
7,880
8,384
9,475
10,560
12,400
16,061
16,693
17,681
18,576
18,086
18,209
19,065
19,784
20,580
20,436
19,658
19,476
R19,050
19,132
R19,606
R20,040
R20,739
R21,418
R22,266
R22,423
R22,365
R22,064
R22,362
R22,714
R23,309
R23,790
R24,382
R24,694
R25,200
R25,891
R26,488
R26,212
R26,783
R26,919
R27,816
R28,270
R28,749
R29,030
R27,944
26,951
Electricity
Retail
Sales 5
22
23
20
10
10
11
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
13
14
14
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
28
26
26
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 6
88
86
56
26
24
26
25
25
25
24
24
24
25
24
24
27
25
26
30
33
32
34
35
35
38
37
37
37
37
38
39
38
38
38
40
42
43
42
51
55
56
54
60
R57
56
Total
7,990
8,493
9,551
10,597
12,434
16,098
16,729
17,716
18,612
18,119
18,244
19,099
19,820
20,615
20,471
19,696
R19,512
R19,087
R19,174
R19,653
R20,086
R20,788
R21,468
R22,317
R22,477
R22,419
R22,117
R22,414
R22,767
R23,364
R23,846
R24,437
R24,749
R25,255
R25,948
R26,548
R26,275
R26,844
R26,994
R27,895
R28,352
R28,829
R29,118
R28,027
27,033
section.
7 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial
sector consumption.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19897
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
7,299
7,811
8,658
8,534
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
16,137
16,261
16,250
16,466
17,196
17,261
17,466
18,429
18,905
19,216
19,279
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
20,808
R20,513
18,296
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
4,099
4,084
3,748
3,519
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,778
3,730
3,312
2,972
3,199
3,135
2,670
2,916
2,693
3,173
3,309
3,377
3,512
3,538
3,977
4,302
3,862
4,126
4,675
4,902
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
7,005
R6,829
7,039
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
1,703
1,289
1,198
991
1,124
1,059
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
R468
390
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
13,893
14,992
15,921
15,418
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,534
18,516
17,462
17,729
18,504
18,767
18,566
19,346
20,106
21,013
20,859
20,825
20,968
21,857
22,297
22,523
23,109
23,957
25,197
25,393
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,112
27,986
27,485
28,470
R27,810
25,725
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal
0
0
0
6
43
239
413
584
910
1,272
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
5,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
R8,029
R8,145
7,959
8,222
R8,161
R8,215
R8,455
R8,427
8,349
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
2,790
2,829
2,827
3,143
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
2,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
R2,494
2,663
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
308
R314
320

See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.
4 See Table 5.14c for series components.
6 Net imports equal imports minus exports.
7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
2
3
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
R9
8
Wind
Biomass
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
R546
697
6
5
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
2
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
4
9
14
12
15
17
232
317
354
402
415
434
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
R435
426
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,033
2,615
2,806
2,864
2,873
3,199
3,194
3,024
2,383
2,973
2,986
2,982
2,852
3,341
3,627
3,527
3,150
3,270
2,846
2,536
3,372
3,689
3,710
3,360
3,662
3,420
3,889
4,305
4,375
4,032
4,034
3,579
2,910
3,445
3,601
3,503
3,568
3,827
3,508
R3,798
4,113
Electricity
Net
Imports 6
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
12
26
49
43
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
84
63
107
112
117
Total
Primary
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,014
16,259
17,124
18,466
19,753
19,933
20,307
21,513
22,591
23,587
23,987
24,327
24,488
24,034
24,679
25,719
26,132
26,338
27,104
28,338
30,025
30,660
31,025
30,893
32,025
32,563
33,621
34,638
35,045
36,385
37,136
38,214
R37,362
R38,173
38,218
38,876
R39,800
R39,590
R40,540
R40,147
38,304

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. The electric
power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Note 3,
"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
45
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

By Energy Source
10
8.4
8
5.9
Quadrillion Btu
6
4
2.9
2.4
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
-0.6
-2
Natural Gas
Net
Electricity
LPG and NGL
Coal
Residual
Fuel Oil
Coal Coke
and Breeze
Other 4
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Shipments 5
By North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code6

10
8
Quadrillion Btu
6.9
6
5.1
4
2.4
1.7
2
1.2
0
311
1
1.1
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
(s)
(s)
312
313
314
315
316
321
0.3
0.1
322
323
324

Natural gas liquids.
3
See Breeze in Glossary.
4
Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.
5
Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.
2
46
325
326
327
331
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
332
333
334
335
0.5
336
0.1
0.1
337
339
6
See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries that correspond to the 3-digit
NAICS codes.
Source: Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

(Trillion Btu )
NAICS 1
Code
Manufacturing Group
Coal
Coal Coke
and
Breeze 2
Natural Gas
LPG 3
and
NGL 4
Residual
Fuel Oil
Net
Electricity 5
Other
Shipments
of Energy
Sources 7
Total 8
311
312
313
314
315
316
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
339
Food .................................................................................
Beverage and Tobacco Products .....................................
Textile Mills .......................................................................
Textile Product Mills .........................................................
Apparel .............................................................................
Leather and Allied Products .............................................
Wood Products .................................................................
Paper ................................................................................
Printing and Related Support ...........................................
Petroleum and Coal Products ...........................................
Chemicals .........................................................................
Plastics and Rubber Products ..........................................
Nonmetallic Mineral Products ...........................................
Primary Metals ..................................................................
Fabricated Metal Products ................................................
Machinery .........................................................................
Computer and Electronic Products ...................................
Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........
Transportation Equipment ................................................
Furniture and Related Products ........................................
Miscellaneous ...................................................................
147
20
32
3
0
0
Q
221
0
102
182
Q
320
373
0
1
0
(s)
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Q
0
0
1
3
0
11
253
Q
0
0
0
Q
0
0
638
41
65
46
7
1
87
474
39
849
1,746
128
460
627
240
84
45
42
249
17
25
16
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
21
13
(s)
33
8
3
30
7
2
2
1
Q
3
Q
(s)
3
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
4
5
1
29
2,304
5
5
4
5
3
(s)
1
5
1
1
26
3
2
Q
(s)
(s)
4
91
(s)
58
87
9
3
19
(s)
Q
(s)
0
7
(s)
Q
251
30
66
20
7
1
91
247
45
137
517
182
147
458
143
111
94
44
195
32
33
105
11
12
(s)
(s)
(s)
228
1,302
(s)
5,744
707
(s)
138
139
Q
2
2
21
13
8
Q
(s)
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-89
-406
-0
-0
-145
-0
-0
-0
-5
-0
-0
-0
1,186
107
178
72
14
3
451
2,354
85
6,864
5,149
337
1,114
1,736
396
204
142
103
477
61
66
Total Manufacturing ..........................................................
1,433
272
5,911
143
2,376
314
2,851
8,443
-645
21,098
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

See "Breeze" in Glossary.
4 Natural gas liquids.
5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as
asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equal
to 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which are
nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).
7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to
2
Distillate
Fuel Oil
another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtracted from consumption.
8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases,
natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, minus shipments of energy sources.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the relative
standard error was greater than 50 percent.
Notes: Data are estimates for the first use of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw
material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that was originally produced offsite or was
produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs.
Source:
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2006 Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey" and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 2006.
47
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006
By Selected End Use
Process Heating
3.3
Machine Drive
1.7
Facility HVAC
0.7
Process Cooling and Refrigeration
0.2
Electrochemical Processes
0.2
Facility Lighting
0.2
Conventional Electricity Generation
(s)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
By Energy Source
7
6
5.5
Quadrillion Btu
5
4
2.9
3
2
1.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG 4 and
NGL5
0
Natural Gas
1
Net Electricity
Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.
3
Excludes coal coke and breeze.
4
2
48
Coal
Residual
Fuel Oil
5

Source: Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006
Net Electricity 1
End-Use Category
Residual Fuel Oil
Million Kilowatthours
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG 2 and NGL 3
Million Barrels
Natural Gas
Coal 4
Billion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
Total 5
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................

Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ..........................
12,109
12,109
21
11
10
4
3
1
2
2
(s)
2,059
1,245
814
25
6
19
Direct End Use

All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
657,810
101,516
60,381
422,408
60,323
13,181
157,829
77,768
58,013
17,644
2,197
2,208
10
9
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
3
(s)
4
1
9
1
(s)
6
1
1
10
8
(s)
(s)
1
7
1
(s)
5
(s)
(s)
2,709
2,417
31
126
136
426
367
29
3
19
8
19
16
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
7,634
164
Total .................................................................................
835,382
40
22
21
5,357
46
Trillion Btu
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................
Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .........................
41
41
133
71
62
23
17
6
8
8
1
2,119
1,281
838
547
129
417
2,871
1,547
1,324
Direct End Use

All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
2,244
346
206
1,441
206
45
539
265
198
60
7
62
59
(s)
2
Q
6
4
(s)
(s)
52
19
1
24
8
50
4
(s)
35
4
6
39
32
(s)
2
5
27
5
(s)
20
(s)
1
2,788
2,487
32
129
140
438
378
30
3
19
8
412
345
(s)
56
10
6
2
(s)
3
(s)
5,597
3,288
239
1,654
206
208
1,066
658
198
91
65
26
23
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
26
49
168
52
304
Total .................................................................................
2,850
251
129
79
5,512
1,016
9,838
1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
3 Natural gas liquids.
4 Excludes coal coke and breeze.
5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).
6 Combined-heat-and-power plants.
7 Excludes steam and hot water.
= Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater
than 50 percent.
Notes: Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, and
electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the
quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the
establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as
energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to end uses are made on the
basis of reasonable approximations by respondents. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zero, and the presence of estimates that are
withheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 percent.
Source:
Consumption Survey."
49
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Consumption by All Households, by Census Region, 2005

4
12
10.6
9.7
10
10.0
9.3 9.3
9.1
10.6
9.9
3.25
9.2
2.91
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
8.6
9.0
10.3
6
4
2.52
1.87
1
2
0
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Consumption per Household, by Census Region, 2005

140
150
138
126
120
122
113
114112
105
101
104
98
100
101
92
95
Million Btu
102
Million Btu
100
80
80
77
60
50
40
20
0
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
50
1987
1990
For years not shown, there are no data available.
1993
1997
2001
2005
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Notes: Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gases; data do not include wood. For years not shown, there are no data available.
Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shown through March of following year; data for
1987 forward are for the calendar year. See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.4.
Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005
(Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)
Census Region 1
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Northeast (total does not include wood) ..............

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
2.89
1.14
.39
1.32
.03
NA
2.50
1.05
.39
1.03
.03
NA
2.44
.94
.41
1.07
.03
.26
2.36
1.01
.40
.93
.03
.27
2.19
.96
.37
.83
.02
.24
2.29
.93
.41
.93
.03
.21
2.37
1.03
.44
.87
.02
.17
2.30
1.03
.47
.78
.02
.12
2.38
1.11
.47
.78
.03
.14
2.38
1.03
.49
.84
.03
.14
2.16
.98
.53
.60
.05
.10
2.52
1.15
.58
.72
.07
.09
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
166
145
138
132
122
125
124
120
122
121
107
122
Midwest (total does not include wood) ................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
3.70
2.53
.60
.46
.12
NA
3.48
2.48
.59
.31
.10
NA
2.96
2.05
.60
.17
.15
.25
3.09
2.22
.56
.19
.13
.25
2.61
1.78
.56
.16
.11
.27
2.80
1.99
.55
.13
.13
.27
2.73
1.83
.61
.16
.13
.25
2.81
1.88
.66
.13
.13
.17
3.13
2.07
.74
.13
.19
.11
3.22
2.20
.75
.11
.17
.08
2.86
1.84
.81
.06
.15
.09
2.91
1.72
.94
.06
.18
.13
180
168
141
146
122
129
123
122
134
134
117
113
South (total does not include wood) ....................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
2.43
.96
1.00
.32
.15
NA
2.30
.91
.97
.28
.14
NA
2.57
1.12
1.06
.25
.14
.23
2.41
1.15
1.01
.14
.12
.21
2.45
1.14
1.01
.18
.12
.33
2.50
1.15
1.06
.16
.12
.33
2.61
1.09
1.22
.17
.12
.26
2.60
1.03
1.36
.11
.10
.17
2.95
1.18
1.51
.13
.13
.17
3.01
1.13
1.67
.10
.12
.12
3.21
1.13
1.89
.08
.12
.09
3.25
.94
2.07
.07
.18
.12
99
92
95
87
87
85
84
81
88
84
83
80
West (total does not include wood) ......................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
1.54
.95
.48
.09
.03
NA
1.47
.88
.47
.09
.04
NA
1.34
.86
.41
.04
.04
.11
1.42
.90
.46
.03
.04
.13
1.33
.85
.41
.03
.04
.13
1.45
.91
.47
.04
.03
.17
1.42
.88
.48
.02
.05
.17
1.51
.92
.54
.02
.03
.12
1.55
.91
.56
.03
.04
.12
1.63
.93
.64
.03
.04
.10
1.63
.90
.66
.02
.06
.10
1.87
.98
.76
.03
.10
.09
110
100
84
87
81
85
78
78
76
75
70
77
United States (total does not include wood) ........

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
10.56
5.58
2.47
2.19
.33
NA
9.74
5.31
2.42
1.71
.31
NA
9.32
4.97
2.48
1.52
.35
.85
9.29
5.27
2.42
1.28
.31
.87
8.58
4.74
2.35
1.20
.29
.97
9.04
4.98
2.48
1.26
.31
.98
9.13
4.83
2.76
1.22
.32
.85
9.22
4.86
3.03
1.04
.28
.58
10.01
5.27
3.28
1.07
.38
.55
10.25
5.28
3.54
1.07
.36
.43
9.86
4.84
3.89
.75
.38
.37
10.55
4.79
4.35
.88
.52
.43
138
126
114
112
102
105
101
98
104
101
92
95
See Appendix C for map of Census regions.

Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
3 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. For years not shown, there are
no data available. Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data
2
for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/recs.
Sources: 1978 and 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential
Energy Consumption Survey." 1980 forwardEIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption
Survey."
51
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Expenditures1, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Consumption by Energy Source, 2005

6
250
4.8
Billion Dollars
Quadrillion Btu
201
200
4.4
160
150
136
124
110
97
100
76
55
0.5
63
0.4
0
Natural Gas
Electricity
Fuel Oil 4
LPG 5
Wood 6
Consumption1 by End Use, 2005
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
Consumption1 for Space Heating, 2005
4.30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
83 87
50
0.9
3.25
2.12
2.95
0.75
0.88
0.28
0.32
Electricity
LPG5
0
Space Heating
Appliances
Water Heating Air Conditioning
Natural Gas
Does not include wood, which is used for both space heating and ambiance.
For years not shown, there are no data available.
3
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
4
Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
52
98
Fuel Oil4

Used for both space heating and ambiance.
Source: Table 2.5.
2005
Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,
Selected Years, 1978-2005
Air
Conditioning 2
Space Heating 1
Year
Natural
Gas
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 6
LPG 7
Electricity 5
Appliances 3,4
Water Heating
Natural
Gas
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 6
LPG 7
Natural
Gas
Total
Electricity 5
LPG 7
Natural
Gas 2
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 4,6
LPG 7
1.46
NA
1.54
1.52
1.50
1.59
1.72
1.91
2.08
2.33
2.52
2.77
0.03
NA
.05
.05
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.02
.05
.05
5.58
5.31
4.97
5.27
4.74
4.98
4.83
4.86
5.27
5.28
4.84
4.79
2.47
2.42
2.48
2.42
2.35
2.48
2.76
3.03
3.28
3.54
3.89
4.35
2.19
1.71
1.52
1.28
1.20
1.26
1.22
1.04
1.07
1.07
.75
.88
0.33
.31
.35
.31
.29
.31
.32
.28
.38
.36
.38
.52
NA
NA
.85
.87
.97
.98
.85
.58
.55
.43
.37
.43
19.24
NA
26.74
29.70
31.29
36.36
39.83
46.95
53.52
60.57
66.94
80.92
0.25
NA
.44
.52
.52
.54
.46
.48
.42
.36
.86
1.37
15.30
17.84
19.77
24.03
26.96
29.78
26.15
27.26
32.04
35.81
46.98
52.37
29.89
32.56
40.81
44.80
46.74
54.48
61.58
71.54
81.08
88.33
100.34
124.74
8.62
10.73
12.24
11.39
10.07
9.60
7.21
8.25
6.98
7.61
6.83
12.99
1.66
2.06
2.80
2.81
2.75
3.12
2.81
3.14
3.81
4.04
5.60
11.00
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Wood 8
Consumption (quadrillion Btu)

1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
4.26
NA
3.41
3.69
3.14
3.51
3.38
3.37
3.67
3.61
3.32
2.95
0.40
NA
.27
.26
.25
.25
.28
.30
.41
.40
.39
.28
2.05
NA
1.30
1.06
1.04
1.11
1.05
.93
.95
.91
.62
.75
0.23
NA
.23
.21
.19
.21
.22
.19
.30
.26
.28
.32
0.31
NA
.36
.34
.31
.32
.44
.48
.46
.42
.62
.88
1.04
NA
1.15
1.13
1.15
1.10
1.10
1.16
1.31
1.29
1.15
1.41
0.29
NA
.30
.30
.28
.32
.31
.34
.34
.39
.36
.42
0.14
NA
.22
.22
.15
.15
.17
.11
.12
.16
.13
.14
0.06
NA
.07
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.05
.08
.05
.15
0.28
NA
.36
.43
.43
.35
.34
.33
.29
.37
.37
.43
Expenditures (billion dollars 9)

1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
1
11.49
NA
13.22
16.62
17.74
20.66
18.05
18.59
21.95
24.11
31.84
31.97
3.53
NA
3.78
3.93
4.21
4.62
5.53
6.16
8.66
8.56
8.98
7.42
8.06
NA
10.48
9.44
8.80
8.51
6.25
7.42
6.24
6.57
5.66
10.99
1.05
NA
1.78
1.78
1.69
2.00
1.85
2.01
2.81
2.79
4.04
6.35
3.97
NA
5.84
6.23
6.23
7.06
9.77
11.23
11.31
10.20
15.94
25.26
2.88
NA
4.51
5.13
6.51
6.63
6.02
6.59
8.08
8.84
11.31
15.57
3.15
NA
4.45
4.94
5.00
6.44
6.45
7.21
7.58
8.99
8.47
11.13
0.56
NA
1.76
1.94
1.28
1.09
.94
.83
.74
1.04
1.15
2.00
Wood used for space heating is included in "Total Wood."

A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Total Natural Gas."
3 Includes refrigerators.
4 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under
"Total."
5 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu.
6 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
8 Wood used for both space heating and ambience.
2
0.36
NA
.57
.51
.54
.58
.50
.65
.58
.89
.69
3.28
0.93
NA
1.91
2.17
2.58
2.31
2.02
2.03
1.98
2.86
3.83
4.80
9 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates. For years not shown, there are no data available. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Survey."
53
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances

Share of Households With Selected Appliances and Electronics, 1980 and 2005
100
100
100
99
99
99
98
1980
88
83
Percent
80
79
74
68
61
60
58
38
37
40
20
2005
32
14
(2)
0
Refrigerator
Range/Stove/
Oven
Television
Microwave
Oven
Clothes
Washer
Clothes
Dryer
Share of Households With Other Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2005
Personal
Computer
Dishwasher
Separate
Freezer
Space Heating by Main Fuel, 2005
100
86
1980
78
80
2005
Percent
Electricity
59
60
30%
46
40
43
35
20
14
22
17
30
27
Natural Gas
25
16
14
0
Range/Stove
Oven
Clothes
Dryer
Gas Appliances
One
Two or
More
Refrigerator
Central
System
Window or
Wall Unit
None
Air Conditioning Equipment4
Natural gas and electric.

Not collected in 1980.
3
Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases.
4
Households with both central and individual room units are counted only under Central.
54

Kerosene, coal, solar, other fuel, or no heat.
Source: Table 2.6.
52%
Other6
3%
5%
Wood
7%
3%
5
LPG
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Year
Change
Appliance
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
1980 to 2005
Total Households (millions) ..............
77
78
82
83
84
86
91
94
97
101
107
111
29
Percent of Households
Space Heating - Main Fuel
Natural Gas ........................................
Electricity 1 ..........................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................
Distillate Fuel Oil .................................
Wood ..................................................
Other 2 or No Space Heating ..............
55
16
4
20
2
3
55
17
5
17
4
2
55
18
5
15
6
2
56
17
4
14
6
3
57
16
5
13
7
3
55
17
5
12
7
3
55
20
5
12
6
3
55
23
5
11
4
2
53
26
5
11
3
2
52
29
5
9
2
2
55
29
5
7
2
2
52
30
5
7
3
3
-3
12
0
-8
-3
1
Air Conditioning - Equipment

Central System 3 ................................
Window/Wall Unit 3 .............................
None ...................................................
23
33
44
24
31
45
27
30
43
27
31
42
28
30
42
30
30
40
34
30
36
39
29
32
44
25
32
47
25
28
55
23
23
59
25
16
32
-5
-27
Water Heating - Main Fuel

Natural Gas ........................................
Electricity 1 ..........................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................
Distillate Fuel Oil .................................
Other 2 or No Water Heating ..............
55
33
4
8
0
55
33
4
7
0
54
32
4
9
1
55
33
4
7
1
56
32
4
7
1
54
33
4
6
1
54
35
3
6
1
53
37
3
5
1
53
38
3
5
1
52
39
3
5
1
54
38
3
4
0
53
39
4
4
0
-1
7
0
-5
-1
Appliances and Electronics

Refrigerator 4 ......................................
One ...................................................
Two or More .....................................
Separate Freezer ................................
Clothes Washer ..................................
Clothes Dryer - Total ..........................
Natural Gas ......................................
Electric ..............................................
Dishwasher .........................................
Range/Stove/Oven .............................
Natural Gas ......................................
Electric ..............................................
Microwave Oven .................................
Television ...........................................
One or Two .......................................
Three or More ...................................
Personal Computer .............................
One ...................................................
Two or More .....................................
100
86
14
35
74
59
14
45
35
99
48
53
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
100
86
14
38
74
61
14
47
37
99
46
57
14
98
85
14
NA
NA
NA
100
87
13
38
73
61
16
45
37
100
46
56
17
98
84
14
NA
NA
NA
100
86
13
37
71
60
15
45
36
99
47
56
21
98
83
15
NA
NA
NA
100
88
12
37
73
62
16
46
38
99
46
57
34
98
80
18
NA
NA
NA
100
86
14
34
75
66
15
51
43
99
43
60
61
98
75
23
NA
NA
NA
100
84
15
34
76
69
16
53
45
100
42
59
79
99
71
28
NA
NA
NA
100
85
15
35
77
70
14
57
45
100
33
63
84
99
70
28
NA
NA
NA
100
85
15
33
77
71
15
55
50
99
35
62
83
99
69
29
35
29
6
100
83
17
32
79
74
16
57
53
100
35
62
86
99
63
36
56
42
15
100
78
22
32
83
79
17
61
58
99
35
62
88
99
56
43
68
45
23
0
-8
8
-6
9
18
3
14
21
0
-11
5
74
1
-29
29
NA
NA
NA
Retail electricity.
Kerosene, solar, or other fuel.
Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central
System."
4 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.
NA=Not available.
2
3
Notes: Data are estimates. For years not shown, there are no data available.
Survey."
55
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007
By Fuel Type
60
57
Million Occupied Housing Units
1950
40
2007
36
20
14
11
9
6
(s)
0
Natural Gas
4
1
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
(s)
Wood
Other 4 and None
Coal
By Fuel Type, Share of Total

60
1950
51
2007
40
34
Percent
33
26
22
20
10
Natural Gas
1
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.

3
Includes coal coke.
2
56
6
1
LPG
Wood
Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.
Source: Table 2.7.
(s)
Coal
Other 4 and None
Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007
Year
Coal 1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Natural
Gas
Electricity
Other 2
None 3
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.05
.05
.04
.03
.03
.02
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
0.77
.22
.27
.15
.09
.08
.09
.15
.12
.10
.11
.10
.16
.37
.28
.40
.41
.50
.64
.36
.21
.19
.16
.21
.46
1.57
.48
.40
.45
.48
.47
.46
.51
.60
.57
.61
.59
.68
.53
.66
.66
.86
.91
1.04
.62
.54
.39
.44
.40
.48
42.83
53.02
63.45
69.34
70.83
72.52
74.01
75.28
77.17
78.57
80.07
83.18
84.64
88.43
90.89
93.68
93.15
94.73
97.69
99.49
102.80
105.44
105.84
108.87
110.69
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.8
.4
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.7
.4
.2
.2
.1
.2
.4
3.7
.9
.6
.7
.7
.6
.6
.7
.8
.7
.8
.7
.8
.6
.7
.7
.9
1.0
1.1
.6
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Wood
Solar
4.17
2.24
.79
.60
.66
.85
.91
1.24
1.07
1.14
1.38
1.89
4.09
6.25
5.45
4.59
4.44
4.10
3.53
1.79
1.70
1.67
1.56
1.41
1.47
9.7
4.2
1.3
.9
.9
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.7
2.3
4.8
7.1
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.3
3.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.3
Million Occupied Housing Units

1950
1960
1970
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
14.48
6.46
1.82
.80
.74
.57
.48
.45
.40
.36
.33
.36
.43
.45
.41
.34
.32
.30
.21
.18
.17
.13
.13
.10
.09
9.46
17.16
16.47
17.24
16.84
16.30
16.45
15.62
15.65
15.30
14.50
14.13
12.59
12.44
12.74
12.47
11.47
11.17
10.98
10.10
10.03
9.81
9.50
9.38
8.74
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
.44
.42
.41
.37
.37
.45
1.06
1.08
1.07
.99
1.02
1.06
.75
.72
.65
.64
.55
.57
0.98
2.69
3.81
4.42
4.14
4.15
4.24
4.18
4.13
4.13
4.17
4.17
3.87
3.58
3.66
3.66
3.88
3.92
4.25
5.40
5.91
6.04
6.13
6.23
6.10
11.12
22.85
35.01
38.46
39.47
40.93
41.22
41.54
42.52
43.32
44.40
46.08
46.70
45.33
45.96
47.40
47.02
47.67
49.20
51.05
52.37
54.13
54.93
56.32
56.68
0.28
.93
4.88
7.21
8.41
9.17
10.15
11.15
12.26
13.24
14.21
15.49
15.68
18.36
20.61
23.06
23.71
25.11
26.77
29.20
31.14
32.41
32.34
34.26
36.08
Percent
1950
1960
1970
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
1
2
33.8
12.2
2.9
1.2
1.0
.8
.7
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
22.1
32.4
26.0
24.9
23.8
22.5
22.2
20.7
20.3
19.5
18.1
17.0
14.9
14.1
14.0
13.3
12.3
11.8
11.2
10.2
9.8
9.3
9.0
8.6
7.9
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
.6
.5
.5
.5
.4
.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
.8
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
2.3
5.1
6.0
6.4
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.4
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.5
26.0
43.1
55.2
55.5
55.7
56.4
55.7
55.2
55.1
55.1
55.4
55.4
55.2
51.3
50.6
50.6
50.5
50.3
50.4
51.3
50.9
51.3
51.9
51.7
51.2
Includes coal coke.

Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),
purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.
3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively.
4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil."
5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey.
6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990
Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.
0.6
1.8
7.7
10.4
11.9
12.6
13.7
14.8
15.9
16.9
17.7
18.6
18.5
20.8
22.7
24.6
25.5
26.5
27.4
29.4
30.3
30.7
30.6
31.5
32.6
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent.

Notes: Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartment buildings. Housing units with
more than one type of heating system are classified according to the principal type of heating system.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html.
Sources: 1950, 1960, and 1970Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing. 1973
forwardBureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the United States, biennial surveys, Table
2-5.
57
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
All Motor Vehicles, 1949-2008
Index 1973=100
175
150
Fuel Economy
125
Mileage
100
Fuel Consumption4
75
50
25
0
1950
1955
1960
Mileage, 1966-2008
1965
1970
1985
1990
16

and SUVs5
Passenger Cars6
2000
2005
25
Heavy-Duty Trucks
20
Passenger Cars6
Miles per Gallon
Heavy-Duty Trucks
1995
Fuel Economy, 1966-2008
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle
Thousand Miles per Vehicle
1980
Fuel Consumption, 1966-2008
32
24
1975
15

and SUVs5
10
Heavy-DutyTrucks
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs5
Passenger Cars6
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1970
1980
1990
Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.
Miles per gallon.
3
Miles per vehicle.
4
Gallons per vehicle.
58
2000
Sport utility vehicle.

Through 1989, includes motorcycles.
Source: Table 2.8.
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Passenger Cars 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and Sport Utility Vehicles 2
All Motor Vehicles 4
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
vehicle
Gallons
per vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
627
603
645
668
661
737
743
754
737
677
665
681
676
665
620
551
538
535
534
530
538
543
539
531
1533
520
501
517
527
531
530
534
539
544
553
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
547
522
15.0
15.0
14.6
14.3
14.5
13.5
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.6
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.3
14.6
16.0
16.5
16.9
17.1
17.4
17.5
17.4
18.0
18.8
119.0
20.2
21.1
21.0
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.2
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
22.5
22.5
22.6
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
866
888
922
931
862
934
934
947
948
905
854
819
762
767
797
735
738
744
745
724
738
721
717
714
701
694
685
703
707
701
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
609
605
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
10.0
10.2
10.3
10.5
11.0
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.5
13.5
13.7
14.0
14.3
14.6
14.9
15.4
16.1
16.1
17.0
17.3
17.4
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.0
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
17.8
18.0
18.1
1,080
1,229
1,293
1,333
1,387
2,467
2,519
2,657
2,775
2,708
2,722
2,764
3,002
3,263
3,380
3,447
3,565
3,647
3,769
3,967
3,570
3,821
3,937
3,736
3,776
3,953
4,047
4,210
4,309
4,202
4,315
4,221
4,218
4,135
4,352
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
4,304
R4,275
4,075
9.0
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
5.9
6.2
726
725
761
784
787
830
839
857
850
788
790
806
814
816
776
712
697
686
686
691
685
692
694
688
688
677
669
683
693
698
700
700
711
721
732
720
695
719
718
714
706
698
R693
667
13.1
12.8
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.0
12.1
12.0
11.9
12.0
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.5
13.3
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.6
14.7
15.1
15.6
15.9
16.4
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
16.9
16.7
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.4
9,388
9,060
9,447
9,518
9,603
9,989
10,097
10,171
9,884
9,221
9,309
9,418
9,517
9,500
9,062
8,813
8,873
9,050
9,118
9,248
9,419
9,464
9,720
9,972
110,157
10,504
10,571
10,857
10,804
10,992
11,203
11,330
11,581
11,754
11,848
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
12,485
R12,304
11,788
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
8,676
9,082
9,534
9,779
9,452
9,829
10,127
10,607
10,968
10,802
10,437
10,244
10,276
10,497
11,151
10,506
10,764
11,114
11,465
11,676
11,902
12,245
12,381
12,430
12,156
12,018
11,811
12,115
12,173
11,957
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
10,920
R10,962
10,951
Through 1989, includes motorcycles.

Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans.
Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks.
4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.
5 Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."
2
Heavy-Duty Trucks 3
9,712
10,316
10,576
10,693
10,851
13,565
14,117
14,780
15,370
14,995
15,167
15,438
16,700
18,045
18,502
18,736
19,016
19,931
21,083
22,550
20,597
22,143
23,349
22,485
22,926
23,603
24,229
25,373
26,262
25,838
26,514
26,092
27,032
25,397
26,014
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
25,231
R25,152
25,254
9,498
9,321
9,661
9,732
9,826
9,976
10,133
10,279
10,099
9,493
9,627
9,774
9,978
10,077
9,722
9,458
9,477
9,644
9,760
10,017
10,020
10,143
10,453
10,721
10,932
11,107
11,294
11,558
11,595
11,683
11,793
11,813
12,107
12,211
12,206
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
12,017
R11,920
11,619
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/aer/consump.html. For related
information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/index.htm.
Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation
Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. All Other Data: 1949-1994Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. 1995
forwardFHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1.
59
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-2003
4
Quadrillion Btu
3
Electricity1
Natural Gas
1
District Heat
Fuel Oil2
0
1979
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1999
2003
By Census Region, 2003

4
Electricity
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
3.6
District Heat
Quadrillion Btu
2.1
2
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.2
Northeast
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
60
Midwest
0.6
0.4
0.2
(s)
0.6
0.5
0.2
(s)
South
0.2
(s)
West
United States
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or
fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.9.
Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003
(Trillion Btu)
Square Footage Category
Energy Source
and Year
1,001 to
10,000
10,001 to
100,000
Over
100,000
Major Sources 2
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1,255
1,242
1,273
1,259
1,258
1,332
1,381
1,248
2,202
1,935
2,008
2,402
2,301
2,152
2,300
2,553
1,508
1,646
1,696
2,127
1,932
1,838
2,053
2,721
Electricity 5
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
429
469
654
572
586
618
698
685
872
903
927
1,145
991
1,064
1,235
1,405
Natural Gas
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
646
684
485
568
572
535
604
482
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
District Heat 7
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1
2
3
4
Census Region 1
Principal Building Activity

Food
Sales
Food
Service
Health
Care
Lodging
Mercantile
and Service
Office
All
Other
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
All
Buildings
511
480
633
704
637
614
649
820
(3)
(3)
147
139
137
137
201
251
336
414
247
255
307
332
447
427
469
463
456
449
403
561
515
594
278
362
299
425
463
461
450
510
894
812
985
1,048
892
973
1,145
1,333
861
1,018
1,008
1,230
1,247
1,019
1,089
1,134
1,616
1,274
1,202
1,538
1,404
1,225
1,237
1,455
1,217
858
1,037
1,354
1,090
1,035
1,116
1,396
1,826
1,821
1,585
1,659
1,578
1,497
1,509
1,799
1,395
1,462
1,459
1,648
1,825
1,684
1,961
2,265
526
682
896
1,126
998
1,106
1,147
1,063
4,965
4,823
4,977
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
608
758
809
1,056
1,033
926
1,164
1,469
163
152
179
217
235
221
257
371
(3)
(3)
99
105
113
119
165
208
171
212
121
113
138
166
216
217
129
147
132
154
138
211
232
248
119
151
120
138
189
187
196
235
361
426
536
550
444
508
659
883
424
509
641
781
704
676
767
719
543
532
563
715
649
521
606
679
425
324
430
586
419
436
543
587
593
673
584
609
622
558
662
799
662
801
867
975
1,002
1,027
1,247
1,542
227
331
510
604
566
587
645
631
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
996
809
715
836
1,017
830
803
909
532
597
523
670
586
580
616
709
214
246
254
323
291
245
227
268
(3)
(3)
45
27
24
18
31
39
145
188
114
128
157
158
216
203
221
218
205
186
189
258
217
243
115
170
105
187
193
213
181
215
422
327
332
417
381
395
446
403
272
365
258
238
388
239
219
269
784
576
409
566
552
420
486
460
443
278
244
353
354
297
299
462
1,007
978
742
831
747
750
709
751
470
523
426
498
697
528
618
527
255
311
311
391
376
371
396
360
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
177
85
114
101
86
71
29
71
272
140
206
170
111
104
73
74
231
90
121
86
75
60
60
83
107
61
103
71
62
57
48
47
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
15
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
97
28
Q
17
21
21
19
11
20
18
20
10
16
Q
Q
35
103
43
105
76
55
49
18
41
107
75
39
43
47
28
29
18
232
79
130
122
67
70
65
68
285
172
270
237
194
168
138
181
133
28
63
61
26
16
5
24
237
104
86
50
48
45
29
15
26
Q
23
Q
Q
7
8
9
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
Q
Q
Q
19
Q
Q
Q
Q
61
83
159
252
182
154
158
165
136
202
243
315
238
271
213
460
27
21
97
Q
49
91
117
134
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
22
70
80
92
55
70
46
Q
24
22
Q
Q
65
57
68
Q
Q
Q
12
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
58
68
71
167
109
75
74
128
57
87
99
134
135
214
126
247
64
84
94
179
123
135
136
166
93
141
196
159
183
173
132
225
Q
34
81
126
78
83
67
182
Q
30
51
121
51
Q
98
Q
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
Education
See Appendix C for map of Census regions.

Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Included in "Food Service."
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
non-purchased steam and hot water.
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20
buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel Oil," and "District Heat," across all
buildings using any of those fuels.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs.
Sources: 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential
Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." 1983EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." 1986EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." 1989 forwardEIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
61
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Buildings by Energy Source Used
Consumption
Consumption per Square Foot

125
4
Electricity
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
District Heat
District Heat
1999
0
1979
2003
Square Footage per Building by

Energy Source Used
Fuel Oil
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
Billion Dollars
Fuel Oil
0.9
1999
2003
District Heat
0.6
30
District Heat
Natural Gas
0
1979
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
Natural Gas
0.3
Electricity
0
1979
Fuel Oil
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.

Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
3
62
2003
Electricity
Electricity
60
Fuel Oil
1999
1.2
Natural Gas
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1.5
90
60
0
1979
Fuel Oil
Expenditures Per Square Foot
Dollars
Thousand Square Feet
Natural Gas
50
0
1979
District Heat
30
75
25
Expenditures
90
District Heat
Electricity
0
1979
Natural Gas
Thousand Btu
100
Electricity
3
Quadrillion Btu
Thousands of Buildings
Note: For years not shown, there are no data available.

Source: Table 2.10.
1999
2003
Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Building Characteristics
Energy Consumption
Energy Expenditures
Number of
Buildings
Total
Square Feet
Square Feet
per Building
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Employee
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Million Btu
Energy Source
and Year
Thousands
Millions
Thousands
Trillion Btu
Million Btu
Thousand Btu
Million Btu
Million Dollars 1
Thousand Dollars 1
Dollars 1
Dollars 1
Major Sources 2
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,073
3,185
4,154
4,528
4,806
4,579
4,657
4,859
43,546
49,471
58,199
63,184
67,876
58,772
67,338
71,658
14.2
15.5
14.0
14.0
14.1
12.8
14.5
14.7
5,008
4,856
5,040
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
1,630
1,525
1,213
1,278
1,142
1,162
1,231
1,342
115.0
98.2
86.6
91.6
80.9
90.5
85.1
91.0
85.0
65.7
68.6
81.9
77.1
69.3
70.0
(5)
33,821
55,764
60,762
70,826
71,821
69,918
81,552
107,897
11.0
17.5
14.6
15.6
14.9
15.3
17.5
22.2
0.78
1.13
1.04
1.12
1.06
1.19
1.21
1.51
6.75
11.48
12.06
12.24
13.08
13.14
14.22
16.54
Electricity 4
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,001
3,052
3,965
4,294
4,611
4,343
4,395
4,617
43,153
48,327
56,508
61,563
66,525
57,076
65,716
70,181
14.4
15.8
14.3
14.3
14.4
13.1
15.0
15.2
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
636
697
603
646
566
600
706
771
44.2
44.1
42.3
45.0
39.2
45.7
47.1
50.7
32.4
28.9
32.7
39.3
36.6
34.1
37.9
(5)
23,751
39,279
47,186
55,943
57,619
56,621
66,424
82,783
7.9
12.9
11.9
13.0
12.5
13.0
15.1
17.9
.55
.81
.84
.91
.87
.99
1.01
1.18
12.45
18.45
19.74
20.17
22.09
21.71
21.44
23.26
Natural Gas
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
1,864
1,904
2,214
2,420
2,657
2,478
2,670
2,538
30,477
33,935
37,263
41,143
44,994
38,145
45,525
48,473
16.4
17.8
16.8
17.0
16.9
15.4
17.1
19.1
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
1,167
1,098
778
857
818
785
758
828
71.3
61.6
46.2
50.4
48.3
51.0
44.4
43.3
52.5
40.6
35.2
43.2
42.5
38.7
36.0
(5)
5,814
11,443
8,355
9,204
9,901
9,018
10,609
16,010
3.1
6.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.0
6.3
.19
.34
.22
.22
.22
.24
.23
.33
2.67
5.47
4.85
4.44
4.55
4.63
5.24
7.62
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
641
441
534
581
560
607
434
465
11,397
9,409
11,005
12,600
13,215
14,421
13,285
16,265
17.8
21.3
20.6
21.7
23.6
23.7
30.6
35.0
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
1,063
714
827
614
487
387
412
490
59.7
33.4
40.1
28.3
20.6
16.3
13.5
14.0
40.5
19.8
27.7
21.0
15.1
10.2
9.1
(5)
2,765
2,102
2,059
1,822
1,400
1,175
956
1,826
4.3
4.8
3.9
3.1
2.5
1.9
2.2
3.9
.24
.22
.19
.14
.11
.08
.07
.11
4.06
6.68
4.66
5.11
5.14
5.00
5.35
8.01
District Heat 7
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
47
64
77
98
95
110
117
67
3,722
4,643
4,625
6,578
5,245
5,658
5,891
5,576
79.0
72.9
59.7
67.0
55.4
51.5
50.2
83.0
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
4,267
4,530
5,446
5,964
4,596
4,849
3,692
9,470
54.0
62.1
91.2
89.0
82.9
94.1
73.6
114.0
26.5
34.4
52.4
56.5
60.9
51.2
50.1
(5)
1,267
2,627
2,620
3,857
2,901
3,103
3,564
7,279
26.9
41.2
33.8
39.3
30.7
28.3
30.4
108.4
.34
.57
.57
.59
.55
.55
.60
1.31
6.30
9.10
6.21
6.59
6.67
5.83
8.23
11.45
1
2
3
Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
non-purchased steam and hot water.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.
Sources: 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential
Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." 1983EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." 1986EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." 1989 forwardEIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
63
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

By End Use
1,500
1,340
Trillion Btu
1,000
481
500
436
418
381
167
156
88
69
24
0
Lighting
Cooling
Ventilation
Refrigeration
Space
Computers
Heating
Water
Office
Heating
Equipment
Cooking
Other
By Principal Building Activity

800
Trillion Btu (Cumulative)
733
719
All Other Building Activities

Cooling
Lighting
600
400
371
248
244
235
267
217
200
208
167
149
Public
Service
0
Mercantile
Office
Education
Health Care
Warehouse
Lodging
Food Service
Food Sales
1
Examples of other include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,
hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign
motors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,
fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.
64
Other
Assembly
and Storage
2
Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and buildings that do not fit into any of
the other named categories.
Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy
losses.
Source: Table 2.11.
Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

(Trillion Btu)
End Use
Space
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Water
Heating
Lighting
Cooking
Refrigeration
Office
Equipment
Computers
Other 1
Total
All Buildings ....................................
167
481
436
88
1,340
24
381
69
156
418
3,559
Principal Building Activity

Education ......................................
Food Sales ...................................
Food Service ................................
Health Care ..................................
Inpatient .....................................
Outpatient ..................................
Lodging .........................................
Mercantile .....................................
Retail (Other Than Mall) ............
Enclosed and Strip Malls ...........
Office ............................................
Public Assembly ...........................
Public Order and Safety ...............
Religious Worship .........................
Service ..........................................
Warehouse and Storage ...............
Other 2 ..........................................
Vacant ..........................................
15
6
10
6
3
3
14
58
6
52
33
5
2
3
6
5
2
1
74
12
28
34
25
9
24
109
25
84
101
35
8
11
15
13
16
2
83
7
24
42
38
4
14
68
16
51
63
63
10
5
24
20
11
1
11
Q
10
2
2
(s)
12
38
2
36
7
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
2
Q
Q
113
46
42
105
76
28
124
308
111
197
281
27
18
17
63
132
59
4
2
2
13
1
1
(s)
2
2
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
Q
Q
Q
Q
16
119
70
8
4
4
12
49
22
27
35
9
3
6
9
36
10
(s)
4
2
2
4
2
2
Q
8
3
5
32
Q
1
(s)
1
2
Q
Q
32
2
2
10
7
3
6
11
4
8
74
3
2
1
3
5
5
(s)
21
10
15
36
21
15
24
83
22
61
91
23
10
18
28
30
22
7
371
208
217
248
178
69
235
733
211
523
719
167
57
62
149
244
133
15
1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,
and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,
and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vending
machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,
radios, projectors, and door operators.
2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater
than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy losses.
One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
2003," Table E3A.
65
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note 1. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are
calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric
power sectorsee Table 2.1fand the total energy content of electricity retail
salessee Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electric
power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into
mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically
necessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output
66
losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric,

solar, and wind energy sources, since there is no generally accepted practice for
measuring those thermal conversion rates. In addition to conversion losses,
other losses include power plant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of
electricity from power plants to end-use consumers (also called "line losses"), and
unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in
proportion to each sector's share of total electricity sales. Overall, about two
thirds of total energy input is lost in conversion. Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.
Financial Indicators
Figure 3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices
Prices, 1949-2009
Real (2005) Dollars per Million Btu
16
14
12
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil
10
8
Fossil Fuel Composite
6
4
2
Coal
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Fossil Fuel Composite Price2, Change From Previous Year, 1950-2009

60
40
Percent
20
0
-20
-40
-60
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators
in Table D1. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
68
Based on real prices.

Source: Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Dollars per Million Btu)
Coal 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Nominal 5
0.21
.21
.19
.19
.18
.27
.30
.33
.37
.69
.85
.86
.88
.98
1.06
1.10
1.18
1.23
1.18
1.16
1.15
1.09
1.05
1.01
1.00
1.00
.99
.97
.93
.91
.88
.87
.85
.83
.79
.80
.84
.87
.87
.98
1.16
1.24
1.29
R1.55
1.65
Natural Gas 2
Real 6
R1.45
R1.41
R1.12
R1.04
R.92
R1.09
R1.19
R1.24
R1.31
R2.24
R2.52
R2.41
R2.34
R2.43
R2.42
R2.30
R2.27
R2.21
R2.05
R1.95
R1.87
R1.73
R1.63
R1.51
R1.44
R1.38
R1.33
R1.27
R1.19
R1.14
R1.08
R1.04
R1.01
R.97
R.91
R.90
R.92
R.94
R.93
R1.01
R1.16
R1.20
R1.21
R1.43
1.50
Nominal 5
0.05
.06
.09
.13
.15
.15
.16
.17
.20
.27
.40
.53
.72
.84
1.08
1.45
1.80
2.22
2.32
2.40
2.26
1.75
1.50
1.52
1.53
1.55
1.48
1.57
1.84
1.67
1.40
1.96
2.10
1.77
1.98
3.32
3.62
2.67
4.41
R4.95
R6.64
5.79
R5.66
R7.24
3.37
Crude Oil 3
Real 6
R0.37
R.43
R.54
R.68
R.73
R.63
R.64
R.65
R.72
R.89
R1.20
R1.50
R1.92
R2.07
R2.47
R3.03
R3.44
R4.01
R4.03
R4.01
R3.67
R2.78
R2.32
R2.28
R2.20
R2.14
R1.98
R2.05
R2.36
R2.10
R1.72
R2.36
R2.48
R2.07
R2.28
R3.75
R3.99
R2.90
R4.69
R5.11
R6.64
R5.61
R5.33
R6.67
3.07
1 Free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point of first sale,
excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.
2 Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See
"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary.
4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production of
each fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btu
content of total fossil fuel production.
Nominal 5
0.44
.43
.48
.50
.49
.55
.58
.58
.67
1.18
1.32
1.41
1.48
1.55
2.18
3.72
5.48
4.92
4.52
4.46
4.15
2.16
2.66
2.17
2.73
3.45
2.85
2.76
2.46
2.27
2.52
3.18
2.97
1.87
2.68
4.61
3.77
3.88
4.75
6.34
8.67
10.29
11.47
16.21
9.72
Fossil Fuel Composite 4

Real 6
R3.02
R2.96
R2.88
R2.67
R2.48
R2.26
R2.29
R2.19
R2.39
R3.86
R3.94
R3.98
R3.91
R3.84
R4.98
R7.80
R10.49
R8.87
R7.84
R7.47
R6.75
R3.43
R4.10
R3.24
R3.93
R4.78
R3.82
R3.60
R3.14
R2.85
R3.09
R3.83
R3.51
R2.19
R3.09
R5.20
R4.15
R4.21
R5.05
R6.55
R8.67
R9.97
R10.80
R14.95
8.86
Nominal 5
0.26
.26
.27
.28
.28
.32
.34
.35
.40
.68
.82
.90
1.01
1.12
1.42
2.04
2.75
2.76
2.70
2.65
2.51
1.65
1.70
1.53
1.67
1.84
1.67
1.66
1.67
1.53
1.47
1.82
1.81
1.41
1.65
2.60
2.53
2.21
3.09
3.61
R4.74
4.73
R4.95
R6.52
3.97
Real 6
R1.81
Percent
Change 7
R1.74
-3.6
R1.64
R-3.6
R1.52
-2.3
-1.5
.8
2.1
-1.4
7.7
55.8
10.9
3.8
5.1
3.4
17.3
32.1
22.9
-5.3
-5.8
-5.6
-7.8
-35.6
R(s)
-12.8
5.0
6.2
-12.5
R-3.1
R-1.4
-10.4
-5.5
21.3
R-2.5
-22.8
15.4
54.2
R-4.8
R-14.1
37.1
R13.5
R26.9
-3.3
R1.7
R29.1
-39.8
R1.39
R1.31
R1.33
R1.32
R1.42
R2.21
R2.45
R2.54
R2.67
R2.76
R3.24
R4.28
R5.26
R4.98
R4.69
R4.43
R4.08
R2.63
R2.63
R2.29
R2.40
R2.55
R2.23
R2.17
R2.13
R1.91
R1.81
R2.19
R2.14
R1.65
R1.90
R2.93
R2.79
R2.40
R3.29
R3.73
R4.74
R4.58
R4.66
R6.01
3.62

In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
7 Based on real values.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and greater than -0.05
percent.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.
Sources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
6
69
Figure 3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports
Overview, 1949-2009
Production by Fuel, 1949-2009
450
200
350
Imports
Production
300
175
Crude Oil
Production
250
200
150
150
100
50
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Overview, 2009
300
269
250
226
Billion Real (2005) Dollars
400
125
100
Natural
Gas
75
200
50
150
100
Coal
25
55
50
0
Production
Imports
Exports
1950
1
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
70
1960
1970
See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.

1980
1990
2000
Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Billion Dollars)
Coal 1
Year
Nominal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
2.52
2.91
2.30
2.10
2.40
3.88
4.01
4.65
5.14
9.65
12.67
13.40
13.91
14.65
18.55
20.45
21.75
22.84
20.32
22.94
22.27
21.18
21.20
20.97
21.40
22.39
21.40
20.98
18.77
20.06
19.45
19.68
19.77
19.75
18.30
18.02
19.60
19.68
19.13
22.16
26.69
29.25
30.04
R36.62
35.31
Natural Gas 2
6
Nominal
R17.38
0.33
.44
.94
1.79
2.57
3.73
4.05
4.28
4.98
6.48
8.85
11.57
15.82
18.18
24.16
32.09
39.51
45.71
43.73
48.69
43.35
32.71
29.11
30.28
30.58
31.80
30.39
32.56
38.72
36.46
30.24
42.99
46.09
39.12
43.37
74.33
82.28
58.66
97.47
106.57
138.74
124.03
R126.23
R169.07
81.22
Real
R19.86
R13.88
R11.28
R12.04
R15.97
R15.71
R17.46
R18.29
R31.47
R37.74
R37.75
R36.84
R36.26
R42.39
R42.83
R41.64
R41.22
R35.27
R38.39
R36.16
R33.65
R32.73
R31.31
R30.78
R31.01
R28.63
R27.41
R23.99
R25.12
R23.86
R23.69
R23.38
R23.09
R21.09
R20.32
R21.62
R21.36
R20.33
R22.90
R26.69
R28.33
R28.28
R33.76
32.17
Crude Oil 3,4

6
Nominal
R2.24
4.68
4.95
6.88
7.42
8.15
11.19
11.71
11.71
13.07
22.00
23.45
24.37
25.79
28.60
39.45
67.93
99.40
90.03
83.05
84.10
78.88
39.63
46.93
37.48
44.07
53.77
44.77
41.97
35.61
32.07
35.00
43.68
40.57
24.80
33.40
56.93
46.25
47.21
57.14
72.93
95.03
111.16
122.96
R170.38
109.29
Real
R3.00
R5.67
R9.61
R12.88
R15.32
R15.86
R16.07
R17.72
R21.13
R26.36
R32.61
R41.91
R44.99
R55.20
R67.19
R75.66
R82.49
R75.92
R81.47
R70.40
R51.97
R44.95
R45.21
R43.99
R44.04
R40.65
R42.54
R49.50
R45.65
R37.08
R51.74
R54.51
R45.75
R49.99
R83.85
R90.77
R63.68
R103.59
R110.12
R138.74
R120.12
R118.84
R155.85
73.99
1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal
at the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in
Glossary.
2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices.
See "Natural Gas
Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices.
See "Crude Oil Domestic First
Purchase Price" in Glossary.
Total
6
Nominal
R32.30
7.52
8.30
10.12
11.30
13.11
18.80
19.77
20.65
23.20
38.13
44.96
49.34
55.52
61.43
82.16
120.47
160.66
158.58
147.10
155.74
144.50
93.52
97.24
88.73
96.05
107.96
96.57
95.50
93.10
88.59
84.69
106.35
106.43
83.68
95.08
149.27
148.13
125.54
173.75
201.66
260.46
264.44
R279.23
R376.07
225.83
Real
R33.83
R41.49
R39.88
R40.90
R46.00
R45.86
R43.98
R46.51
R71.75
R69.86
R68.68
R68.31
R70.80
R90.16
R142.26
R190.32
R162.47
R144.17
R140.72
R128.11
R62.98
R72.46
R55.95
R63.40
R74.48
R59.89
R54.84
R45.52
R40.15
R42.93
R52.57
R47.99
R29.01
R38.50
R64.22
R51.02
R51.25
R60.73
R75.36
R95.03
R107.65
R115.77
R157.06
99.56
Real 6
R51.93
R56.69
R61.04
R60.77
R65.82
R77.30
R77.42
R77.52
R82.52
R124.36
R133.96
R139.04
R147.07
R152.05
R187.75
R252.28
R307.62
R286.18
R255.36
R260.58
R234.67
R148.60
R150.14
R132.46
R138.17
R149.53
R129.18
R124.79
R119.02
R110.92
R103.87
R128.00
R125.88
R97.85
R109.57
R168.39
R163.41
R136.28
R184.64
R208.39
R260.46
R256.10
R262.89
R346.66
205.73

Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
6
71
Figure 3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source
Total Energy, 1970-2007
By Energy Type, 2007
21
30
26.84
$18.23 in 2007
25
Dollars per Million Btu
18
15
12
9
6
19.45
20
15
9.30
10
5
3.35
1.88
0
1970
0.46
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Prices by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2007
Retail
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Biomass
Coal
Nuclear
Fuel
20
25
21.97
12
Natural Gas
Petroleum
19.82
20
Index: 1970=1.00
16
18.84
16.01
14.97
15
10
8.56
Coal
Nuclear Fuel
Biomass
0
1970
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Prior to 2001, also includes non-biomass waste.
3
Based on nominal dollars.
4
2
72
Motor
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG
Jet Fuel
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
5
Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene,
lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Source: Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007

(Dollars 1 per Million Btu)
Primary Energy 2
Petroleum
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
Coal
Natural
Gas 3
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 4
LPG
0.38
.42
.45
.48
.88
1.03
1.04
1.11
1.27
1.36
1.46
1.64
1.73
1.70
1.71
1.69
1.62
1.53
1.50
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.39
1.37
1.33
1.32
1.29
1.27
1.24
1.29
1.30
1.32
1.41
1.62
1.78
1.88
0.59
.63
.68
.73
.89
1.18
1.46
1.76
1.95
2.31
2.86
R3.43
R4.23
4.72
R4.75
4.61
4.07
3.77
R3.78
3.82
R3.82
3.74
3.83
4.10
R4.08
3.73
4.25
R4.53
4.13
R4.16
5.62
6.87
5.27
7.00
R7.95
R9.92
9.62
9.30
1.16
1.22
1.22
1.46
2.44
2.60
2.77
3.11
3.26
4.69
6.70
8.03
7.78
7.32
7.37
7.22
5.68
5.97
5.83
6.43
7.68
7.29
7.09
7.08
6.99
6.98
7.87
7.66
6.57
7.19
9.86
9.17
8.63
10.04
R12.22
16.40
18.52
19.82
0.73
.77
.79
.92
1.58
2.05
2.25
2.59
2.87
3.90
6.36
7.57
7.23
6.53
6.25
5.91
3.92
4.03
3.80
4.39
5.68
4.83
4.52
4.29
3.95
4.00
4.82
4.53
3.35
4.01
6.64
5.72
5.33
6.46
8.93
12.86
14.80
16.01
1.46
1.49
1.52
2.02
2.81
2.97
3.21
3.65
3.60
4.50
5.64
6.18
6.66
7.17
6.93
6.55
6.44
6.07
5.88
5.54
6.77
6.81
6.21
6.23
6.66
6.56
8.03
7.43
6.01
6.65
R9.61
9.61
8.15
10.41
12.33
R14.66
16.95
18.84
Motor
Gasoline 6
2.85
2.90
2.88
3.10
4.32
4.65
4.84
5.13
5.24
7.11
9.84
10.94
10.39
9.12
8.89
9.01
6.79
7.23
7.33
8.02
9.12
8.93
8.96
8.83
8.96
9.22
9.85
9.81
8.45
9.31
12.01
11.35
10.67
12.34
14.57
17.83
20.27
21.97
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
0.42
.58
.62
.75
1.82
1.93
1.90
2.14
2.08
2.83
3.88
4.91
4.65
4.50
4.75
4.30
2.37
2.86
2.35
2.72
3.17
2.62
2.28
2.26
2.32
2.46
2.80
2.93
2.15
2.51
4.32
3.99
3.91
4.75
4.92
6.65
R7.93
8.56
1.38
1.45
1.49
1.58
2.60
2.94
3.08
3.27
3.45
4.70
7.04
8.67
7.87
7.60
R7.72
7.55
5.80
5.63
5.26
5.50
5.82
5.74
5.52
5.50
5.47
5.74
6.19
5.88
5.04
5.30
6.97
6.36
6.54
7.55
8.48
10.83
13.16
14.97
Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector.
4 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Beginning in 2005, includes
kerosene-type jet fuel only.
6 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
7 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,
petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum
products.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through
2000, also includes non-biomass waste.
9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2007, coal coke
imports averaged 7.84 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 3.66 dollars per million Btu.
10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel
ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.
11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American
2
3
Total
Nuclear
Fuel
Biomass
1.72
1.79
1.78
1.97
3.06
3.35
3.47
3.73
3.84
5.23
7.40
8.68
8.40
7.77
7.68
7.63
5.73
6.04
5.91
6.43
7.47
7.20
7.07
7.01
7.06
7.29
8.02
7.86
6.64
7.33
R9.86
9.32
8.82
10.31
12.22
15.50
17.89
19.45
0.18
.18
.18
.19
.20
.24
.25
.27
.30
.34
.43
.48
.54
.58
.67
.71
.70
.71
.73
.70
.67
.63
.59
.56
.56
.54
.51
.51
.50
.48
.46
.44
.43
.42
.42
.43
.44
.46
1.29
1.31
1.33
1.39
1.50
1.50
1.53
1.58
1.61
1.88
2.26
2.52
2.60
2.44
2.53
2.47
2.12
2.07
2.09
1.42
1.32
1.39
1.32
1.28
1.39
1.40
1.25
1.15
1.27
1.34
1.58
2.08
2.19
1.98
2.17
R3.10
R3.14
3.35
Total
9,10
1.08
1.15
1.18
1.29
1.94
2.19
2.34
2.58
2.71
3.47
4.57
5.25
5.33
5.12
R5.04
4.92
3.97
4.00
3.89
4.07
4.46
4.29
4.24
4.26
4.27
4.23
4.63
4.66
4.08
4.37
R5.72
5.83
5.24
6.26
7.36
9.22
R10.19
10.74
Electric
Power
Sector 11,12
0.32
.38
.42
.47
.87
.97
1.03
1.17
1.27
1.50
1.77
2.04
2.05
2.02
2.02
R1.91
1.60
1.57
1.49
1.51
1.48
1.40
1.38
1.40
1.36
1.29
1.35
1.38
1.32
1.33
1.71
1.85
1.54
1.84
2.00
2.61
2.48
2.68
Retail
Total
Electricity 13 Energy 9,10,14
4.98
5.30
5.54
5.86
7.42
8.61
9.13
10.11
10.92
11.78
13.95
16.14
18.16
18.62
18.50
19.05
19.05
18.74
18.68
18.98
19.32
19.84
20.06
20.38
20.33
20.29
20.16
20.13
19.80
19.52
20.03
21.41
21.15
21.85
22.38
23.92
26.15
26.84
1.65
1.76
1.84
2.02
2.87
3.33
3.57
3.98
4.23
5.21
R6.89
R8.03
R8.46
R8.39
8.29
8.37
R7.30
7.34
R7.26
R7.55
8.25
R8.20
R8.13
R8.25
R8.30
R8.28
R8.75
8.80
8.20
R8.53
R10.31
R10.73
R10.03
11.38
12.87
15.52
R17.34
18.23
Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and
heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric
utilities and independent power producers.
12 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear
fuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.
13 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,
other energy service providers.
14 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy and retail electricity in the four end-use
sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes energy in the electric power
sector.
R=Revised.
Notes: Prices include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2007: Prices and Expenditures"
(August 2009), U.S. Table 1.
73
Figure 3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007
By Sector
Residential Sector by Major Source
35
35
30
30
25
21.64
20.74
20.59
20
15
11.89
10
31.22
Commercial
Industrial
Retail
Electricity
Natural
Gas
35
30
28.27
25
20
17.45
15
10.97
10
5
Petroleum
Industrial Sector by Major Source
35
25
20
18.71
15.75
15
10
8.28
2.91
2.52
Coal
Biomass
0
Retail
Electricity
74
12.69
10
Transportation
Commercial Sector by Major Source
15
0
Residential
21.87
20
30
25
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Retail
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Notes: Consumer prices are intended to represent prices paid by consumers. As such
they include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric,
geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
Source: Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007
(Dollars 1 per Million Btu)
Residential
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
Natural
Gas 2
1.06
1.12
1.18
1.26
1.42
1.67
1.94
2.30
2.52
2.92
3.60
R4.19
R5.05
5.88
5.95
5.94
R5.67
R5.39
R5.32
5.47
5.63
5.66
5.73
5.99
6.23
R5.89
R6.16
6.75
6.61
R6.50
7.64
R9.42
7.71
9.23
10.52
12.34
R13.34
12.69
Retail
Petroleum Electricity 3
1.56
1.61
1.63
2.11
2.87
3.04
3.26
3.66
3.79
5.33
7.26
8.68
8.69
8.43
8.47
8.17
6.82
6.66
6.63
7.59
8.75
8.56
7.89
7.73
7.81
7.75
8.92
8.91
7.88
8.10
11.53
11.65
10.37
12.30
13.83
17.29
R19.88
21.87
6.51
6.80
7.09
7.44
9.09
10.29
10.93
11.87
12.63
13.60
15.71
18.17
20.11
21.04
20.96
21.66
21.75
21.82
21.92
22.41
22.96
23.57
24.06
24.40
24.57
24.63
24.50
24.71
24.21
23.93
24.14
25.16
24.75
25.56
26.22
27.68
30.49
31.22
Commercial
Total 4
2.10
2.24
2.37
2.72
3.38
3.81
4.13
4.77
5.13
6.00
R7.46
R8.82
R9.78
R10.66
R10.66
R10.91
R10.75
R10.71
R10.66
R11.02
R11.88
R12.08
R11.98
R12.28
R12.63
R12.63
R12.73
R13.29
R13.48
R13.19
R14.27
R15.68
R14.71
R15.85
R17.11
R19.22
R21.55
21.64
Natural
Gas 2
0.75
.80
.86
.91
1.05
1.32
1.61
2.00
2.20
2.69
R3.32
R3.91
4.70
R5.43
5.40
5.34
4.94
4.64
4.51
4.61
4.70
4.69
R4.75
5.08
5.35
4.94
5.26
5.67
5.38
5.22
R6.56
8.32
6.49
8.02
R9.24
R10.96
R11.59
10.97
Industrial
Retail
Petroleum 5 Electricity 3 Total 6,7
0.90
1.01
1.04
1.20
2.25
2.39
2.49
2.84
2.92
4.15
5.64
7.00
6.65
6.51
6.49
6.38
4.32
4.65
4.38
4.99
5.95
5.44
5.23
5.00
4.89
4.97
6.01
5.92
4.88
5.35
8.09
7.64
6.96
8.38
9.89
13.47
15.84
17.45
6.09
6.44
6.71
7.06
8.91
10.11
10.82
11.99
12.78
13.72
16.06
18.44
20.11
20.57
20.89
21.30
21.10
20.44
20.34
20.77
21.20
21.73
22.15
22.40
22.35
22.29
22.17
22.03
21.48
21.01
21.52
22.99
22.81
23.54
23.95
25.40
27.72
28.27
1.98
2.16
2.33
2.56
3.41
4.08
4.39
5.13
5.51
6.28
R7.85
R9.49
R10.37
R10.94
R11.14
R11.65
R11.22
R10.98
R10.82
R11.27
R11.89
R12.07
R12.17
R12.58
R12.74
R12.64
R12.78
R13.05
R13.07
R12.87
R13.93
R15.56
R14.68
R15.61
R16.60
R18.59
20.64
20.74
3 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,
other energy service providers.
4 Includes coal, and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed.
6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed.
Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.
7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum
data for those years.
2
Coal
Natural
Gas 2
Petroleum 5
0.45
.50
.55
.63
1.22
1.50
1.50
1.56
1.73
1.75
1.87
2.06
2.09
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.80
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.69
1.67
1.69
1.63
1.62
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.58
1.58
1.55
1.63
1.75
1.74
1.99
2.56
2.83
2.91
0.38
.41
.46
.50
.67
.95
1.21
1.48
1.66
1.96
R2.52
3.07
3.80
4.10
R4.13
R3.87
R3.20
2.88
R2.90
2.93
2.95
2.80
2.91
3.12
R3.09
R2.80
3.30
3.53
3.16
R3.21
4.61
5.71
R4.37
6.03
7.08
9.07
R8.75
8.28
0.98
1.05
1.05
1.18
2.24
2.46
2.57
2.84
2.96
3.99
5.75
6.84
6.51
6.57
6.56
6.29
4.92
4.96
4.62
4.69
5.48
5.31
5.00
4.93
5.04
5.20
6.04
5.68
4.54
5.07
R7.26
6.75
6.43
7.78
9.32
11.85
14.14
15.75
Transportation
Retail
Biomass 8 Electricity 3
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.20
.99
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.15
1.21
1.01
1.01
1.24
1.38
1.43
1.95
2.11
1.62
1.79
2.73
R2.65
2.52
2.99
3.22
3.40
3.66
4.95
6.07
6.48
7.33
8.18
8.94
10.81
12.57
14.51
14.54
14.16
14.57
14.45
13.98
13.78
13.85
13.92
14.18
14.18
14.22
14.00
13.68
13.49
13.29
13.13
12.98
13.60
14.78
14.30
14.97
15.38
16.77
18.02
18.71
Total 7,9
Petroleum 5
Total 7,10
0.84
.92
.99
1.10
1.78
2.20
2.43
2.78
3.03
3.63
4.71
5.52
R6.05
6.21
6.12
R6.03
5.36
5.17
5.00
4.92
5.23
R5.18
R5.13
5.16
5.15
R4.97
5.40
5.34
4.91
5.12
R6.41
6.87
6.24
7.39
8.46
10.36
11.33
11.89
2.31
2.37
2.38
2.57
3.70
4.02
4.20
4.47
4.59
6.19
8.60
9.83
9.42
8.44
8.25
8.26
6.21
6.57
6.56
7.17
8.27
7.98
7.91
7.87
7.91
8.08
8.76
8.69
7.47
8.23
10.78
10.21
9.63
11.20
13.36
16.85
19.11
20.59
2.31
2.37
2.38
2.57
3.70
4.02
4.21
4.48
4.59
6.19
8.61
9.84
9.43
8.45
8.26
8.27
6.22
6.59
6.57
7.18
8.28
7.99
7.93
7.88
7.92
8.09
8.77
8.70
7.48
8.23
10.79
10.21
9.63
11.21
13.37
16.85
19.11
20.59
9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.
10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.
R=Revised.
Notes: Prices include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
(August 2009), U.S. Tables 2-5.
75
Figure 3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source
Total Energy, 1970-2007
By Energy Type, 2007
1,500
800
740
700
$1,233 billion in 2007
1,200
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
600
900
600
500
400
341
300
196
200
300
100
0
1970
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Expenditures by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2007
Petroleum
Retail
Electricity
Natural
Gas
Coal
54
51
Biomass
Nuclear
Fuel
20
500
Natural
Gas
12
Retail
Electricity
8
Coal
400
Billion Dollars
16
Index: 1970=1.00
43
389
300
200
177
100
Petroleum
55
14
0
1970
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
3
Based on nominal dollars.
4
2
76
Motor
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
LPG
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
5
Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,
petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Source: Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007

(Million Dollars 1)
Primary Energy
Petroleum
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
Coal
4,630
4,902
5,415
6,243
11,118
13,021
14,051
15,416
17,551
20,376
22,607
26,159
26,349
26,987
29,025
29,678
27,855
27,532
28,333
28,284
28,602
28,129
27,776
28,229
27,715
27,431
28,028
28,277
27,888
27,310
28,080
28,202
28,511
29,402
31,764
36,932
R40,005
42,673
Coal Coke
Net
Imports 3
-75
-40
-26
7
150
82
44
67
362
259
-78
-31
-52
-44
-22
-34
-40
7
116
137
22
44
126
96
214
234
156
170
188
140
146
82
180
169
1,125
633
509
347
Natural
Gas 4
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 5
10,891
12,065
13,198
13,933
16,380
20,061
25,097
29,602
33,185
40,785
R51,061
R60,544
R68,292
R72,000
R77,169
R72,938
R59,702
R58,019
R61,089
R66,198
R65,278
R65,956
R70,086
R77,052
R78,581
R75,020
R86,904
R93,382
R83,620
R84,960
R119,094
R139,388
R111,368
R144,489
R162,702
R200,303
R190,382
196,482
6,253
6,890
7,552
9,524
15,217
15,680
18,402
22,004
23,587
32,854
40,797
48,200
44,087
41,846
44,668
43,972
35,113
37,729
38,776
43,159
49,335
45,269
45,019
45,732
47,002
47,533
56,455
55,922
48,350
54,565
78,182
74,920
69,228
83,768
R105,627
R143,528
R164,122
176,770
1,441
1,582
1,682
2,001
3,208
4,193
4,567
5,517
6,205
8,603
13,923
15,607
14,974
13,979
15,097
14,747
10,505
11,448
11,318
13,434
17,784
14,609
13,559
13,002
12,474
R12,526
15,770
15,000
11,239
13,878
23,777
19,602
17,802
21,096
30,219
44,679
50,007
53,754
LPG
2,446
2,531
2,889
3,933
5,273
5,231
5,993
6,824
6,621
9,383
10,926
11,900
12,925
14,083
14,143
13,579
12,726
12,887
12,806
12,187
13,715
14,976
14,213
14,018
16,361
16,306
21,208
19,905
15,388
19,184
R28,156
25,734
23,148
28,400
34,662
R39,100
R45,604
51,315
Motor
Gasoline
31,596
33,478
35,346
39,667
54,194
59,446
64,977
70,591
74,513
95,916
124,408
138,138
130,305
115,803
114,429
118,048
91,529
99,864
103,323
112,720
126,558
123,118
125,249
126,560
130,068
136,647
148,344
149,668
132,730
149,260
193,947
185,892
179,511
209,592
253,218
R311,094
R357,129
388,561
Residual
Fuel Oil
2,046
2,933
3,458
4,667
10,547
10,374
11,648
14,381
13,747
17,656
21,573
22,668
17,632
14,099
14,410
11,493
7,486
8,062
7,259
8,357
8,721
6,784
5,585
5,449
5,296
4,676
5,313
5,206
4,280
4,686
8,870
7,266
6,156
8,325
9,717
13,951
R12,432
14,113
Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector.
Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"
and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive from
Bureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, FT600 series.
5 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Beginning in 2005, includes
kerosene-type jet fuel only.
8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum
coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel
ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.
11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry
2
3
Other
4,172
4,449
4,777
5,318
8,284
8,493
9,925
11,790
13,348
18,785
26,049
28,571
22,447
21,573
R22,812
22,088
17,647
17,687
16,779
17,060
19,255
18,231
18,363
18,318
18,701
19,218
21,086
21,578
19,912
21,221
26,208
22,911
23,996
27,786
34,911
43,552
R52,154
55,343
Total
47,955
51,864
55,702
65,109
96,723
103,416
115,513
131,106
138,021
183,197
237,676
265,084
242,372
221,382
R225,557
223,928
175,005
187,677
190,260
206,917
235,368
222,987
221,988
223,079
229,901
236,905
268,176
267,279
231,898
262,793
R359,140
336,325
319,841
378,967
R468,354
R595,905
R681,448
739,856
Nuclear
Fuel
Biomass
44
73
104
177
259
448
520
743
915
941
1,189
1,436
1,684
1,859
2,384
2,878
3,061
3,378
4,057
3,939
4,104
4,073
3,802
3,597
3,777
3,810
3,624
3,369
3,555
3,643
3,628
3,524
3,504
3,362
3,445
3,469
3,637
3,871
438
446
476
502
544
534
622
694
782
964
1,232
1,429
1,510
1,517
1,608
1,597
1,352
1,300
1,378
2,270
1,997
2,165
2,194
2,193
2,521
2,938
2,668
2,425
2,477
2,659
3,194
3,494
4,005
3,599
3,692
R5,896
R6,120
6,417
Total
10
63,923
69,360
74,947
86,106
125,341
137,712
156,003
177,952
191,196
246,963
R314,279
R355,696
R341,397
R325,253
R337,413
R332,921
R268,633
R280,012
R286,915
R309,108
R336,475
R324,544
R327,344
R334,953
R343,724
R347,245
R390,501
R395,888
R350,687
R382,785
R516,064
R513,705
R468,533
R561,358
R672,697
R845,651
R924,622
992,846
Electric
Power
Sector 11,12
-4,357
-5,491
-6,551
-7,952
-14,558
-16,545
-19,078
-23,715
-26,125
-31,472
R-38,027
R-44,274
R-42,354
R-42,566
R-44,686
R-43,970
R-37,016
R-38,182
R-38,553
R-40,829
R-40,626
R-38,752
R-38,663
R-40,317
R-40,352
R-39,073
R-41,652
R-42,947
R-43,311
R-44,689
R-60,054
R-64,672
R-54,230
R-64,685
R-71,720
R-95,975
R-90,104
-100,715
Retail
Electricity
23,345
26,202
29,712
33,774
42,586
50,680
56,972
66,225
74,159
82,051
98,095
116,455
127,393
134,731
142,420
149,233
151,793
154,685
162,063
169,332
176,691
184,767
186,906
196,532
200,831
205,876
211,105
213,843
218,361
218,413
231,577
245,483
247,598
257,995
268,136
295,789
323,965
340,928
13
Total
Energy 10,14
82,911
90,071
98,108
111,928
153,370
171,846
193,897
220,461
239,230
297,543
R374,346
R427,878
R426,437
R417,418
R435,148
R438,184
R383,409
R396,515
R410,426
R437,611
R472,539
R470,559
R475,587
R491,168
R504,204
R514,049
R559,954
R566,785
R525,738
R556,509
R687,587
R694,515
R661,902
R754,668
R869,112
R1,045,465
R1,158,483
1,233,058
Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
12 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear fuel, wood, waste,
and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will sum to the "Total Energy" column.
13 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
1996, other energy service providers.
14 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by the four end-use sectors (residential,
commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures for energy by the electric power sector.
R=Revised.
Notes: Expenditures include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. Totals may not equal the sum of components due to
(August 2009), U.S. Table 1.
77
Figure 3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007
By Sector
Residential Sector by Major Source
700
200
585
600
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
148
150
500
400
300
239
200
236
100
61
174
50
27
100
0
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Retail Electricity
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Industrial Sector by Major Source4
Commercial Sector by Major Source
125
150
113
129
100
100
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
125
75
50
75
63
51
50
34
25
25
11
0
Retail
Electricity
1
Natural
Gas
Petroleum
Expenditures for coal and wood and wood-derived fuels are not displayed.
Expenditures for coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste are not displayed.
4
Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.
5
2
3
78
Coal
Biomass
0
Petroleum
Retail
Electricity
Natural
Gas
Notes: Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation sector expenditures. There are no
direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. Totals may not equal
the sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Table 3.6.
Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007
(Million Dollars 1)
Residential
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1
Natural
Gas 2
5,272
5,702
6,223
6,282
6,949
8,410
9,992
11,324
12,565
14,772
R17,497
R19,502
R23,987
R26,564
R27,873
R27,136
R25,147
R23,926
R25,332
R26,951
R25,439
R26,508
R27,599
R30,533
R31,028
R29,362
R33,219
R34,590
R30,875
R31,577
R38,959
R46,189
R38,490
R48,278
R52,265
R61,196
R59,834
61,425
Retail
Petroleum Electricity 3
4,286
4,466
4,731
5,957
7,392
7,582
8,857
9,872
9,926
11,276
12,695
13,394
12,526
11,486
R13,052
12,894
10,613
10,875
11,204
12,739
12,308
11,916
11,264
11,200
11,089
10,715
13,278
12,725
10,352
11,934
18,025
17,920
15,165
18,924
21,304
25,150
R24,508
27,367
10,352
11,589
13,034
14,712
17,924
20,644
22,621
26,132
29,069
31,683
38,458
44,780
50,045
53,918
55,777
58,672
60,776
63,318
66,793
69,243
72,378
76,828
76,848
82,814
84,552
87,610
90,503
90,704
93,360
93,482
98,209
103,158
106,834
111,249
115,577
128,393
140,582
148,295
Commercial
Total 4
Natural
Gas 2
20,213
22,033
24,203
27,137
32,563
36,932
41,785
47,694
51,949
58,267
R69,418
R78,630
R87,618
R92,948
R97,790
R99,772
R97,353
R98,851
R104,104
R109,770
R111,097
R116,212
R116,631
R125,351
R127,395
R128,388
R137,822
R138,688
R135,102
R137,549
R156,061
R167,993
R161,158
R179,288
R190,120
R216,016
R226,255
238,695
1,844
2,060
2,289
2,421
2,741
3,385
4,379
5,094
5,812
7,623
R8,858
R10,085
R12,565
R13,602
R14,012
R13,368
R11,770
R11,601
R12,377
R12,908
R12,681
R13,175
R13,685
R14,967
R15,927
R15,383
R17,106
R18,755
R16,667
R16,351
R21,339
R25,879
R20,926
R26,411
R29,518
R33,838
R33,736
34,008
Retail
Petroleum 5 Electricity 3
1,391
1,523
1,599
1,881
3,205
3,133
3,638
4,297
4,230
5,534
7,267
7,628
6,706
7,392
R7,760
6,671
4,869
5,078
4,655
4,998
5,669
4,871
4,469
3,903
3,847
3,638
4,518
4,168
3,222
3,540
6,121
5,666
4,741
6,464
7,442
R9,725
R9,834
10,732
7,319
8,301
9,443
10,707
13,373
16,157
18,148
21,023
23,166
25,433
30,611
37,484
41,759
43,529
47,304
50,092
51,449
51,900
54,411
57,460
60,627
63,407
64,233
67,626
69,637
72,481
74,121
77,153
78,999
79,141
85,129
93,402
93,763
96,263
100,546
110,522
122,914
128,903
Industrial
Total 6,7
10,628
11,970
13,410
15,094
19,494
22,869
26,345
30,611
33,443
38,819
R46,932
R55,463
R61,344
R64,828
R69,405
R70,400
R68,341
R68,800
R71,673
R75,615
R79,288
R81,745
R82,681
R86,790
R89,694
R91,788
R96,053
R100,396
R99,138
R99,290
R112,870
R125,231
R119,718
R129,458
R137,903
R154,558
R166,899
174,108
3 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
4 Includes coal and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed.
6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed.
Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.
7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum
data for those years.
2
Coal
Natural
Gas 2
2,082
1,971
2,212
2,527
4,704
5,498
5,448
5,360
5,722
6,247
5,888
6,441
5,301
4,735
5,420
5,252
4,745
4,448
4,744
4,650
4,636
4,332
4,245
4,060
4,060
4,068
3,943
3,887
3,566
3,457
3,507
3,572
3,526
3,552
4,064
5,004
5,405
5,413
2,625
3,019
3,335
3,936
4,971
5,844
7,484
8,958
10,114
12,110
R16,350
R20,432
R20,504
R21,461
R23,763
R21,615
R16,479
R15,909
R17,257
R18,770
R19,348
R18,912
R20,553
R22,367
R22,556
R21,487
R26,167
R28,411
R24,515
R24,079
R34,624
R38,597
R31,031
R41,168
R47,322
R55,247
R52,363
50,818
Transportation
Retail
Petroleum 5 Biomass 8 Electricity 3
6,069
6,663
7,180
8,600
15,408
15,544
18,384
22,190
23,203
33,705
42,765
47,171
41,841
38,437
R41,470
38,876
30,567
31,092
29,123
28,561
34,132
32,511
32,225
31,550
33,626
34,170
40,796
39,833
32,220
36,937
R51,786
46,983
45,505
53,953
70,718
R87,684
R105,783
113,014
366
374
404
425
421
386
443
464
511
512
529
558
540
610
622
619
639
636
662
1,323
906
1,034
1,079
1,146
1,279
1,699
1,432
1,435
1,600
1,786
1,888
2,216
2,592
1,935
1,919
3,451
R3,495
3,167
5,624
6,256
7,173
8,284
11,184
13,760
16,083
18,956
21,798
24,797
28,863
34,007
35,364
37,017
39,050
40,190
39,271
39,109
40,507
42,255
43,358
44,201
45,474
45,726
46,257
45,402
46,102
45,610
45,634
45,429
47,859
48,519
46,606
49,962
51,491
56,229
59,764
62,934
Total 7,9
16,691
18,244
20,278
23,779
36,837
41,113
47,887
55,996
61,710
77,630
R94,316
R108,581
R103,503
R102,220
R110,309
R106,528
R91,669
R91,211
R92,418
R95,705
R102,411
R101,046
R103,717
R104,946
R107,992
R107,060
R118,596
R119,347
R107,723
R111,828
R139,810
R139,968
R129,440
R150,740
R176,639
R208,248
R227,319
235,692
Petroleum 5
35,327
37,766
40,154
45,846
64,368
70,813
77,759
86,047
92,003
122,688
163,517
184,946
173,553
156,841
156,979
160,745
125,353
136,807
141,382
155,591
178,852
170,589
171,482
173,704
178,724
186,411
207,078
207,940
183,368
207,433
278,398
260,813
R251,106
294,537
R363,765
R465,782
R537,072
583,532
Total 7,10
35,379
37,824
40,218
45,918
64,476
70,933
77,880
86,160
92,128
122,826
163,680
185,204
173,972
157,423
157,643
161,484
126,047
137,654
142,231
156,521
179,743
171,556
172,558
174,082
179,123
186,813
207,483
208,353
183,775
207,843
278,846
261,323
251,585
295,182
R364,450
R466,643
R538,011
584,564

9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.
10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.
R=Revised.
Notes: Expenditures include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. Totals may not equal the sum of components due to
(August 2009), U.S. Tables 2-5.
79
Figure 3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports
Total, 1949-2009
By Fuel, 1949-2009
350
400
300
300
200
250
100
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Fuel, 2009
250
200
500
200
150
Crude Oil
194
100
150
100
50
57
Petroleum
Products
50
16
Crude
Oil
Petroleum
Products
Natural
Gas
Coal and
Coal Coke
1
2
80
Other
1950
1960
Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.7.
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Nominal 3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.06
.02
.02
.04
.07
.05
.03
.03
.02
.04
.05
.07
.08
.06
.06
.10
.09
.11
.13
.25
.27
.32
.27
.26
.28
.28
.38
.67
.60
.79
1.02
1.42
1.78
1.73
2.05
P1.45
Coal Coke
Real 4
R0.02
.02
R.02
.01
.01
(s)
.01
(s)
.01
R.19
.06
R.05
R.10
R.18
R.12
.06
R.06
.04
.07
R.08
R.11
R.13
R.09
R.10
R.14
R.13
R.15
R.17
R.32
R.34
R.40
R.33
R.30
R.33
R.32
R.42
R.74
R.65
R.84
R1.06
R1.42
R1.72
R1.63
R1.89
P1.32
Nominal 3
(s)
.01
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.01
(s)
.04
.19
.16
.11
.13
.41
.34
.05
.04
.01
(s)
.05
.04
.03
.05
.19
.22
.07
.09
.14
.17
.27
.33
.24
.25
.29
.23
.25
.19
.24
.24
1.23
.78
.64
.48
1.68
P.09
Real 4
R0.03
R.04
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
R.14
R.63
R.47
R.31
R.35
R1.01
R.78
R.11
R.08
R.02
(s)
R.08
R.07
.04
.08
R.29
R.31
R.10
R.12
R.19
R.21
R.34
R.40
R.29
R.30
R.34
R.26
R.28
R.21
R.27
R.25
R1.27
R.78
R.62
R.45
R1.54
P.08
Nominal 3
0.00
.00
(s)
.03
.11
.26
.31
.31
.36
.53
1.15
1.66
2.00
2.06
3.13
4.21
4.41
4.69
4.39
3.44
3.05
1.82
1.93
2.38
2.51
2.97
3.24
3.96
4.77
4.90
4.23
5.79
6.50
6.21
8.03
14.94
17.62
12.61
20.39
24.74
35.25
28.80
31.65
R34.65
E15.57
Real 4
0.00
.00
.01
R.15
R.53
R1.06
R1.22
R1.18
R1.29
R1.73
R3.43
R4.68
R5.30
R5.10
R7.14
R8.82
R8.45
R8.47
R7.62
R5.75
R4.95
R2.90
R2.98
R3.55
R3.60
R4.12
R4.33
R5.17
R6.10
R6.14
R5.19
R6.97
R7.68
R7.26
R9.26
R16.85
R19.44
R13.69
R21.67
R25.57
R35.25
R27.89
R29.80
R31.94
E14.18
Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral
fuels.
3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the
commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.
Notes: Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50
States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, upublished data.
2
Crude Oil 1
Natural Gas
Nominal 3
0.30
.37
.65
.90
1.12
1.26
1.69
2.37
4.24
15.25
18.29
25.46
33.59
32.30
46.06
61.90
61.46
45.72
36.49
36.44
32.90
22.61
29.13
27.55
35.53
43.78
36.90
38.55
38.47
38.48
42.81
54.93
54.23
37.25
50.89
89.88
74.29
79.25
101.80
136.03
182.94
225.16
245.77
R353.54
P194.39
Real 4
R2.10
R2.52
R3.95
R4.81
R5.62
R5.18
R6.61
R8.90
R15.08
R49.74
R54.50
R71.73
R88.98
R79.95
R105.25
R129.63
R117.68
R82.52
R63.35
R60.98
R53.43
R35.92
R44.98
R41.12
R51.11
R60.64
R49.36
R50.37
R49.18
R48.18
R52.51
R66.11
R64.13
R43.56
R58.65
R101.39
R81.96
R86.03
R108.18
R140.57
R182.94
R218.05
R231.39
R325.89
P177.09
Petroleum Products 2
Nominal 3
0.14
.21
.44
.73
.92
1.48
1.66
1.99
3.50
11.01
6.77
6.65
8.42
7.30
10.45
12.54
14.30
13.86
14.84
17.87
17.47
12.18
12.37
12.43
13.50
16.90
13.17
11.98
11.74
11.14
9.95
15.27
516.93
13.01
16.28
29.38
28.45
23.52
30.64
43.24
67.12
74.56
81.85
R96.31
P57.23
Real 4
R0.95
R1.47
R2.66
R3.93
R4.64
R6.10
R6.49
R7.47
R12.44
R35.91
R20.17
R18.74
R22.30
R18.08
R23.88
R26.26
R27.38
R25.02
R25.76
R29.89
R28.37
R19.35
R19.09
R18.56
R19.42
R23.41
R17.62
R15.66
R15.01
R13.95
R12.20
R18.38
5,R20.02
R15.22
R18.77
R33.14
R31.39
R25.53
R32.56
R44.68
R67.12
R72.21
R77.06
R88.78
P52.14
Total
Nominal 3
0.45
.59
1.10
1.66
2.15
3.00
3.66
4.68
8.14
27.05
26.39
33.90
44.18
42.15
60.03
78.74
80.24
64.31
55.77
57.84
53.53
36.72
43.54
42.62
51.85
63.83
53.51
54.77
55.40
55.07
57.64
76.51
78.16
57.05
75.71
134.81
121.23
116.22
153.85
206.26
287.52
330.93
361.48
R488.22
P268.73
Real 4
R3.09
R4.04
R6.64
R8.92
R10.80
R12.35
R14.34
R17.57
R28.96
R88.21
R78.62
R95.51
R117.03
R104.32
R137.17
R164.89
R153.64
R116.06
R96.81
R96.78
R86.93
R58.34
R67.22
R63.62
R74.58
R88.40
R71.58
R71.56
R70.82
R68.95
R70.69
R92.08
R92.43
R66.71
R87.26
R152.08
R133.73
R126.17
R163.49
R213.15
R287.52
R320.49
R340.34
R450.04
P244.81
Natural Gas: 1949-1962Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption,
FT110. 1963Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT125.
1964-1971Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption and General Imports, FT246. 1972
and 1973Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports and Exports
of LNG. 1974-1977Federal Power Commission, United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,
annual reports. 1978-1981U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports and Exports of
Natural Gas, annual reports. 1982-2007EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly reports.
2008EIA, NGM (April 2010), Table 4. 2009EIA estimate based on volume and revenue data from
U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy.
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
1949-1962Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT110.
1963Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT125.

1964-1988Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption, FT135. 1989 forwardBureau of
the Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of
Goods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
81
Figure 3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports
Total, 1949-2009
By Fuel, 1949-2009
80
60
60
50
50
40
Petroleum
Products
30
20
40
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Fuel, 2009
50
43
70
30
40
20
30
20
Coal
10
10
5
2
Other3
0
Petroleum
Products
Coal
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil
and
Coal Coke
1
2
82
0
1950
1960
1970
Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.8.
1980
1990
2000
Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Nominal 2
0.30
.27
.48
.35
.48
.96
.90
.98
1.01
2.44
3.26
2.91
2.66
2.05
3.40
4.63
5.92
5.99
4.06
4.13
4.47
3.93
3.40
4.01
4.29
4.51
4.62
4.24
3.09
2.85
3.57
3.69
3.39
3.04
2.13
2.04
1.80
1.60
1.55
2.60
3.35
3.52
4.16
7.96
P5.99
Coal Coke
Real 3
R2.05
R1.84
R2.92
R1.90
R2.39
R3.95
R3.53
R3.69
R3.61
R7.95
R9.71
R8.20
R7.03
R5.07
R7.76
R9.69
R11.33
R10.81
R7.04
R6.91
R7.25
R6.24
R5.26
R5.99
R6.17
R6.25
R6.18
R5.54
R3.95
R3.57
R4.37
R4.44
R4.01
R3.55
R2.46
R2.30
R1.98
R1.74
R1.64
R2.68
R3.35
R3.41
R3.91
R7.34
P5.46
Nominal 2
0.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.08
.04
.03
.03
.04
.07
.07
.07
.05
.08
.13
.07
.06
.05
.07
.08
.07
.05
.08
.08
.05
.05
.04
.06
.04
.05
.06
.05
.04
.03
.05
.11
.06
.07
.11
.15
.13
.13
.21
P.14
Natural Gas
Real 3
R0.06
.04
R.05
R.04
R.08
R.32
R.18
R.12
R.12
R.14
R.22
R.19
R.19
R.12
R.18
R.27
R.14
R.11
R.08
R.12
R.12
R.10
.07
R.12
R.12
R.07
R.07
R.06
R.08
R.05
R.06
.07
.06
.05
.03
R.06
R.12
R.07
.07
R.11
R.15
R.12
R.12
R.19
P.12
Nominal 2
Real 3
Nominal 2
(s)
(s)
.01
(s)
.01
.03
.04
.04
.04
.05
.09
.10
.11
.11
.13
.23
.35
.30
.28
.27
.26
.17
.17
.20
.27
.27
.33
.49
.36
.40
.37
.46
.47
.39
.43
1.00
1.56
1.76
3.77
5.20
5.53
4.94
5.69
R8.65
E4.72
0.01
.02
R.04
.02
R.04
R.12
R.15
R.15
R.15
R.18
R.27
R.28
R.28
R.28
R.29
R.48
R.67
R.54
R.48
R.45
R.43
R.27
R.26
R.30
R.39
R.37
R.45
R.64
R.46
R.51
R.45
R.55
R.56
R.46
R.49
R1.13
R1.73
R1.91
R4.00
R5.38
R5.53
R4.79
R5.36
R7.97
E4.30
0.10
.10
.04
.01
(s)
.02
.01
(s)
(s)
.01
(s)
.03
.21
.39
.39
.75
.58
.47
.22
.19
.23
.12
.13
.08
.21
.14
.03
.03
.02
.05
.01
.56
1.04
.90
.77
.46
.19
.09
.16
.28
.60
.85
1.02
R2.27
P1.62
1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral
fuels.
Notes: Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the
50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Totals may not equal sum
of components due to independent rounding.
Crude Oil
Real 3
R0.68
R.70
R.23
.04
.02
R.08
.02
.01
.01
.04
(s)
R.08
R.55
R.96
R.90
R1.57
R1.10
R.85
R.39
R.31
R.37
R.19
R.19
R.12
R.30
R.19
.04
.04
R.03
R.06
.01
R.67
R1.23
R1.05
R.89
R.52
R.21
R.10
R.17
R.29
R.60
R.83
R.96
R2.09
P1.48
Nominal 2
0.46
.39
.60
.47
.44
.50
.50
.49
.57
.87
1.01
1.07
1.14
1.23
1.58
2.12
3.24
5.86
4.88
4.62
4.90
3.77
3.80
2.72
2.65
4.23
4.65
4.27
4.15
3.36
3.56
4.25
47.55
5.68
6.35
9.73
8.68
8.65
10.05
12.85
18.56
27.32
32.28
R59.43
P42.93
Real 3
R3.19
R2.69
R3.61
R2.51
R2.21
R2.06
R1.97
R1.84
R2.04
R2.85
R3.00
R3.01
R3.01
R3.05
R3.62
R4.44
R6.20
R10.58
R8.47
R7.72
R7.95
R5.98
R5.86
R4.07
R3.82
R5.86
R6.22
R5.58
R5.30
R4.21
R4.37
R5.12
4,R8.93
R6.64
R7.31
R10.97
R9.58
R9.39
R10.68
R13.28
R18.56
R26.46
R30.39
R54.78
P39.11
Total
Nominal 2
0.87
.78
1.14
.84
.95
1.59
1.49
1.55
1.66
3.42
4.43
4.17
4.18
3.83
5.58
7.86
10.16
12.68
9.48
9.27
9.93
8.05
7.54
7.09
7.49
9.20
9.69
9.07
7.68
6.71
7.55
9.02
12.51
10.04
9.71
13.28
12.34
12.17
15.59
21.04
28.18
36.77
43.27
R78.52
P55.39
Real 3
R5.99
R5.30
R6.86
R4.51
R4.74
R6.54
R5.85
R5.80
R5.92
R11.16
R13.20
R11.76
R11.08
R9.49
R12.76
R16.46
R19.45
R22.89
R16.46
R15.51
R16.12
R12.79
R11.64
R10.59
R10.78
R12.74
R12.96
R11.85
R9.81
R8.40
R9.26
R10.85
R14.79
R11.75
R11.19
R14.98
R13.61
R13.21
R16.57
R21.74
R28.18
R35.61
R40.74
R72.38
P50.46
Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data.
Natural Gas: 1949-1971Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. 1972 and 1973Federal
Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports and Exports of LNG.
1974-1977Federal Power Commission, United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas, annual
reports. 1978-1981U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural
Gas, annual reports. 1982-2007EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly reports. 2008EIA,
NGM (April 2010), Table 4. 2009EIA estimate based on volume and revenue data from U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy.
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
1949-1988Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. 1989 forwardBureau of the Census,
Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of Goods by
Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
83
Figure 3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2009
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2000
2005
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel

400
350
300
250
200
150
Crude Oil and
Petroleum Products
100
50
Natural Gas
Coal
-50
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators
in Table D1. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
2
Includes small amounts of coal coke.
84
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: Negative imports indicate that the value of exports is greater than the value of imports.
Source: Table 3.9.
Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Nominal 2
-0.29
-.27
-.48
-.35
-.48
-.96
-.90
-.98
-1.01
-2.38
-3.24
-2.89
-2.62
-1.98
-3.35
-4.60
-5.89
-5.97
-4.01
-4.09
-4.39
-3.85
-3.35
-3.95
-4.19
-4.42
-4.51
-4.11
-2.83
-2.58
-3.24
-3.41
-3.13
-2.75
-1.85
-1.66
-1.13
-1.00
-.76
-1.57
-1.93
-1.74
-2.42
-5.92
P-4.55
Coal Coke
Real 3
R-2.04
R-1.82
R-2.91
R-1.89
R-2.39
R-3.95
R-3.52
R-3.69
R-3.60
R-7.76
R-9.64
R-8.15
R-6.93
R-4.89
R-7.65
R-9.63
R-11.27
R-10.77
R-6.97
R-6.84
R-7.14
R-6.12
R-5.17
R-5.89
R-6.03
R-6.12
R-6.03
R-5.37
R-3.62
R-3.23
R-3.98
R-4.11
R-3.70
R-3.22
R-2.14
R-1.88
R-1.24
R-1.09
R-.81
R-1.63
R-1.93
R-1.69
R-2.28
R-5.45
P-4.14
Natural Gas
Nominal 2
Real 3
Nominal 2
(s)
(s)
-.01
-.01
-.01
-.08
-.04
-.03
.01
.15
.08
.04
.06
.36
.26
-.08
-.03
-.05
-.04
-.02
-.03
-.04
.01
.12
.14
.02
.04
.10
.11
.23
.27
.18
.20
.25
.20
.20
.08
.18
.17
1.12
.63
.51
.35
1.47
P-.04
-0.03
-.01
-.04
-.03
-.07
R-.31
R-.16
R-.10
.02
R.49
R.24
R.12
R.16
R.89
R.59
R-.16
R-.06
R-.09
R-.08
R-.04
R-.06
-.06
.01
R.17
R.20
.03
R.06
R.13
R.14
R.29
R.34
R.22
R.23
R.29
R.23
R.23
R.09
R.20
R.18
R1.16
R.63
R.49
R.33
R1.35
P-.04
(s)
(s)
-.01
.02
.10
.23
.27
.28
.32
.48
1.06
1.56
1.89
1.95
3.00
3.98
4.06
4.39
4.11
3.17
2.79
1.65
1.76
2.18
2.24
2.71
2.90
3.47
4.41
4.50
3.86
5.33
6.02
5.82
7.61
13.94
16.05
10.85
16.62
19.54
29.72
23.86
25.96
R26.00
E10.85
Real 3
-0.01
-.02
-.03
R.13
R.49
R.94
R1.07
R1.03
R1.14
R1.55
R3.16
R4.39
R5.02
R4.82
R6.85
R8.34
R7.78
R7.93
R7.13
R5.30
R4.52
R2.62
R2.72
R3.25
R3.22
R3.75
R3.88
R4.54
R5.64
R5.63
R4.73
R6.42
R7.12
R6.81
R8.76
R15.72
R17.71
R11.78
R17.66
R20.19
R29.72
R23.10
R24.44
R23.97
E9.89
1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral
fuels.
Crude Oil
Nominal 2
0.21
.27
.62
.89
1.11
1.24
1.68
2.37
4.24
15.24
18.29
25.43
33.38
31.91
45.66
61.15
60.88
45.25
36.27
36.26
32.68
22.49
29.00
27.47
35.32
43.65
36.87
38.52
38.45
38.43
42.81
54.37
53.19
36.36
50.12
89.41
74.11
79.16
101.64
135.75
182.35
224.30
244.76
R351.27
P192.77
Real 3
R1.42
R1.82
R3.71
R4.77
R5.60
R5.11
R6.58
R8.89
R15.07
R49.70
R54.50
R71.65
R88.43
R78.98
R104.35
R128.06
R116.57
R81.67
R62.96
R60.67
R53.07
R35.74
R44.78
R41.01
R50.81
R60.45
R49.32
R50.33
R49.15
R48.12
R52.50
R65.44
R62.90
R42.52
R57.76
R100.86
R81.75
R85.93
R108.01
R140.28
R182.35
R217.23
R230.44
R323.80
P175.61
Nominal 2
-0.32
-.18
-.16
.26
.48
.98
1.15
1.50
2.93
10.14
5.76
5.58
7.28
6.07
8.87
10.42
11.06
8.00
9.96
13.25
12.57
8.42
8.57
9.71
10.85
12.67
8.52
7.72
7.59
7.78
6.39
11.01
49.37
7.33
9.94
19.65
19.77
14.87
20.59
30.38
48.56
47.24
49.57
R36.89
P14.30
Real 3
R-2.24
R-1.23
R-.95
R1.42
R2.43
R4.03
R4.52
R5.63
R10.41
R33.07
R17.17
R15.73
R19.28
R15.03
R20.26
R21.82
R21.18
R14.44
R17.30
R22.17
R20.41
R13.37
R13.23
R14.49
R15.60
R17.55
R11.39
R10.08
R9.70
R9.74
R7.83
R13.26
4,R11.09
R8.58
R11.45
R22.16
R21.81
R16.14
R21.88
R31.40
R48.56
R45.75
R46.67
R34.00
P13.03
Total
Nominal 2
-0.42
-.18
-.04
.82
1.21
1.41
2.17
3.13
6.48
23.63
21.96
29.72
40.00
38.31
54.44
70.88
70.09
51.63
46.28
48.57
43.60
28.67
36.00
35.53
44.35
54.63
43.82
45.70
47.72
48.37
50.09
67.49
65.65
47.00
66.00
121.53
108.89
104.06
138.26
185.23
259.34
294.17
318.21
R409.70
P213.34
Real 3
R-2.89
R-1.26
R-.22
R4.40
R6.06
R5.81
R8.50
R11.76
R23.04
R77.05
R65.42
R83.75
R105.95
R94.83
R124.41
R148.43
R134.20
R93.17
R80.35
R81.26
R70.81
R45.55
R55.58
R53.03
R63.80
R75.66
R58.62
R59.71
R61.01
R60.55
R61.43
R81.22
R77.64
R54.97
R76.07
R137.10
R120.12
R112.96
R146.92
R191.41
R259.34
R284.89
R299.60
R377.67
P194.35

Notes: Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates that the value of exports is
greater than the value of imports. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Data on this table may not equal data on Table 3.7 minus data on Table 3.8 due to
85
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production
by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2008
Dry Natural Gas Production

15
400
12
300
Million Short Tons
6
Trillion Cubic Feet
Coal Production
100
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
200
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Major Energy Companies Shares of U.S. Total Production,

1974-2008
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Major Energy Companies Shares of U.S. Refining Capacity and Output,

1974-2008
70
100
Capacity
60
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids

Output
75
Dry Natural Gas
40
Uranium
Percent
Percent
50
Coal
30
20
50
Note: Expanded coverage of refining

in 1998 Financial Reporting System.
25
10
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and
natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).
See Table 3.14.
86
2005
1975
1980
1985
Source: Table 3.10.
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2008
Production
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Liquids 1
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Million Barrels
per Day
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.8
Refining
Dry Natural Gas 1
Coal 2
Capacity 3
Uranium
Output 4
Percent of
U.S. Total
Trillion
Cubic Feet
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Short Tons
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Pounds 5
Percent of
U.S. Total 6
Million Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total 7
Million Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total 7
56.0
56.1
55.7
55.3
56.8
56.3
56.1
55.8
55.9
55.1
54.3
54.9
56.0
57.0
56.2
57.2
55.8
54.9
53.9
52.1
52.1
51.7
50.5
48.3
47.5
46.3
44.8
48.7
48.4
47.3
45.7
44.5
43.1
41.6
41.1
11.6
11.0
10.6
10.3
10.1
9.9
9.3
9.2
8.3
7.4
7.9
7.3
7.1
7.2
7.7
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.9
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.0
8.3
8.8
8.7
8.3
8.2
7.8
7.9
8.4
8.7
56.1
57.4
55.6
53.6
52.7
50.3
47.7
47.8
46.7
45.8
45.5
44.6
44.5
43.4
45.1
43.2
42.6
42.4
44.2
42.3
42.5
43.3
43.4
43.9
44.1
42.4
43.5
45.1
46.0
43.7
44.0
43.1
42.8
R43.4
43.1
87.4
88.1
89.0
89.1
85.5
123.3
142.3
154.8
195.2
185.2
226.0
230.4
227.6
255.3
285.3
286.9
282.0
289.6
251.9
197.3
179.7
165.4
169.4
163.3
73.9
44.0
34.6
31.3
27.8
16.8
18.1
18.0
NA
NA
NA
14.3
13.5
13.0
12.8
12.8
15.8
17.2
18.8
23.3
23.7
25.2
26.1
25.6
27.8
30.0
29.3
27.4
29.1
25.3
20.9
17.4
16.0
15.9
15.0
6.6
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.3
3.3
16.0
17.3
16.7
19.0
14.5
9.2
6.6
4.1
2.1
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
NA
18.6
13.0
53.4
46.8
44.7
43.5
37.7
34.2
31.4
27.8
18.9
12.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
13.3
13.4
14.2
14.6
14.8
14.4
15.1
14.6
13.6
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.5
12.5
12.3
11.5
11.4
11.2
11.0
10.7
10.6
10.4
10.5
9.4
814.3
14.2
14.4
15.2
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.7
14.1
14.9
88.8
88.2
86.7
85.6
84.7
79.9
81.0
81.4
80.9
80.6
81.6
81.6
80.5
78.3
78.4
73.8
72.5
71.4
72.4
71.3
69.0
68.0
67.8
59.9
887.8
85.7
86.9
90.3
84.7
84.5
84.1
83.8
84.0
80.1
84.2
11.8
12.0
12.6
13.5
13.5
13.2
12.2
11.2
10.6
10.3
10.9
10.8
11.4
11.7
12.0
11.4
11.3
11.1
11.0
10.8
10.8
10.7
11.0
10.0
814.9
14.5
14.4
14.9
14.7
14.6
15.1
15.0
14.7
14.2
14.5
87.6
87.4
86.2
85.0
84.5
83.9
83.3
80.3
79.0
78.7
80.0
78.9
78.5
79.7
79.9
75.2
74.0
72.9
71.4
68.6
68.5
66.6
67.1
59.9
887.7
85.6
83.6
86.4
85.0
83.4
84.7
84.5
81.9
78.7
80.0
1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of
type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty).
2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.
3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.
4 Includes refinery output at own refineries for own account and at others refineries for own account.
5 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
6 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.
7 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals do
not include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
8 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of
the FRS.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. See Table 3.14.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/finance.
Sources: Production and Refining: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1998.
1977 forwardEIA,
Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. Percent of U.S. Total: Tables 5.1, 5.8,
5.9, 6.1, 7.1, and 9.3.
87
Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income

Total, 1974-2008
Petroleum by Location, 1977-2008
150
70
50
100
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
60
50
United States
40
30
Foreign
20
10
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2008
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Foreign Petroleum, 1977-2008
50
60
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
30
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
20
Refining
and
Marketing
50
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
40
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
40
30
Refining
and
Marketing
20
10
10
0
0
-5
-5
1980
1
2
1985
1990
1995
2000
Beginning in 2003, includes International Marine.
88
2005
International Marine
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
See Table 3.14.
Source: Table 3.11.
Table 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income, 1974-2008

(Billion Dollars 1)
Petroleum 2
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Foreign
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
NA
NA
NA
6.4
6.7
9.4
13.8
16.8
14.1
12.2
13.3
12.1
.9
4.7
3.2
3.1
8.7
5.1
5.6
4.8
4.8
3.7
11.8
11.6
.5
7.4
21.9
17.6
15.0
222.6
30.1
40.5
41.8
40.1
32.3
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.3
2.5
1.3
1.9
1.6
.1
2.3
1.6
1.1
5.4
4.5
2.2
.9
-.2
1.7
1.8
.5
2.3
3.1
5.9
4.9
7.7
12.0
-1.4
27.4
15.2
21.0
24.3
22.4
3.3
NA
NA
NA
.8
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.0
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
1.6
1.8
2.2
1.6
1.3
1.4
2.4
2.3
3.3
1.7
2.8
.4
.5
.2
.3
.2
Total
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
International
Marine
Total
NA
NA
NA
8.6
9.5
13.4
17.9
19.9
18.3
15.9
15.8
16.7
5.2
8.4
10.6
9.5
12.9
7.9
7.5
8.1
8.5
6.4
15.7
16.0
7.8
14.8
31.8
32.9
15.4
230.9
45.8
61.9
66.3
62.7
35.9
NA
NA
NA
3.6
3.5
5.2
6.9
8.0
6.1
7.2
7.5
8.0
4.7
5.4
4.3
4.7
7.4
5.4
4.7
5.2
4.0
5.9
9.2
9.6
2.0
8.2
18.5
14.6
12.9
221.3
28.6
48.7
51.4
47.0
39.8
NA
NA
NA
.7
1.8
4.3
4.3
1.6
.8
1.3
.7
.5
2.9
1.0
2.4
1.8
2.8
4.1
2.2
3.2
2.0
2.4
2.0
3.6
2.9
1.9
2.9
3.1
-.4
2,82.9
87.0
87.8
87.5
89.2
811.1
NA
NA
NA
.1
-.1
.1
.1
-.1
-.3
-.5
-.4
-.4
.1
-.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
.2
(s)
8
( )
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
NA
NA
NA
4.4
5.2
9.7
11.2
9.6
6.7
8.2
7.8
8.1
7.7
6.4
6.9
6.7
10.5
9.8
6.9
8.4
5.9
8.3
11.2
13.3
5.1
10.1
21.4
17.8
12.5
224.3
35.5
56.5
58.9
56.2
50.9
Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in
2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.
3 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,
processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, markets
and trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gas
and natural gas liquids.
4 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy
(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in
2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
5 Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes).
6 Included in "Petroleum."
7 Included in "Other Energy."
8 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.
2
Total
Petroleum
Downstream
Natural
Gas 2,3
Electric
Power
Coal
Other
Energy 4
NonEnergy
Total 5
NA
NA
NA
13.0
14.7
23.0
29.1
29.5
25.0
24.0
23.6
24.8
12.9
14.8
17.5
16.2
23.4
17.7
14.4
16.5
14.4
14.7
26.9
29.3
12.8
24.8
53.3
50.8
27.9
255.1
81.3
118.5
125.2
118.9
86.7
NA
NA
NA
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
3.6
3.3
2.2
3.7
8.8
3.5
NA
NA
NA
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
1.0
.6
.4
1.2
-1.6
9.3
NA
NA
NA
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.4
.5
.6
.4
.2
.4
.6
.4
.3
.6
-.5
.4
.2
.3
.5
.3
.5
.2
(s)
.1
(s)
7
( )
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
NA
NA
NA
(s)
-.1
-.1
(s)
-.3
-.3
(s)
-.1
-.3
(s)
(s)
-.1
-.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.9
.7
2.7
2.0
-1.5
.1
1.1
1.0
.6
.8
-.3
NA
NA
NA
1.7
1.8
2.8
2.3
1.6
.4
1.8
2.9
2.5
2.8
7.1
10.8
8.7
4.3
1.6
1.2
2.7
6.2
12.6
8.0
6.3
1.8
2.8
3.6
-2.7
1.8
.9
4.2
4.2
6.2
5.6
-2.4
13.6
10.3
12.0
12.7
13.9
23.5
31.0
30.0
21.8
21.9
21.3
17.4
9.2
11.3
22.3
19.8
21.6
14.7
1.8
15.5
16.5
21.1
32.0
32.1
12.5
22.9
53.2
37.7
20.6
57.4
81.1
119.2
131.4
124.8
86.9
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -0.05 billion.
Notes: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural
gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. See Table 3.14. "Net
income" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes,
interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. "Eliminations" are revenues and
expenses resulting from transactions between segments of the energy industry. Consolidated company
accounts do not include intersegment revenues and expenses. Therefore, such intersegment transactions
must be eliminated. "Nontraceables" are energy companies revenues, costs, assays, and liabilities that
cannot be directly attributed to a type of business by use of a reasonable allocation method developed on
the basis of operating-level utilities.
Sources: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial
Reporting System" database, November 1997. 1977 forwardEIA, Performance Profiles of Major
Energy Producers, annual reports.
89
Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability

Total Profitability, 1974-2008
Petroleum Profitability by Location, 1977-2008
20
30
25
15
Percent
Percent
20
10
Foreign
Operations
15
10
5
5
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
U.S. Petroleum Profitability, 1977-2008
1980
1990
1995
2000
2005
2000
2005
30
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
25
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
20
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
20
15
Percent
Percent
1985
Foreign Petroleum Profitability, 1977-2008
30
10
5 Refining
and
Marketing
0
Refining
and
Marketing
10
-10
International
Marine
-5
-20
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.14.
90
U.S.
Operations
1980
1985
Source: Table 3.12.
1990
1995
Table 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability, 1974-2008

(Percent)
Petroleum 1
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
NA
NA
NA
17.5
16.4
18.2
20.9
20.2
14.0
11.3
10.8
9.5
.8
4.1
2.8
2.9
8.5
5.1
5.9
5.3
5.5
4.4
14.1
12.5
.5
7.6
17.7
13.1
10.5
116.5
20.0
22.5
18.2
15.2
10.7
NA
NA
NA
7.2
7.5
9.8
9.8
4.4
6.0
4.8
.3
6.5
4.5
2.9
14.7
11.5
5.1
2.0
-.4
3.4
3.6
1.0
4.4
6.6
7.9
6.5
9.6
14.5
-1.7
19.3
18.6
23.5
25.6
21.6
2.6
NA
NA
NA
7.3
10.9
15.1
15.1
15.6
20.8
16.6
20.8
15.0
13.2
12.8
9.6
10.2
11.2
10.7
8.4
6.4
7.6
9.1
6.9
6.7
4.4
6.4
6.0
9.7
5.2
111.5
4.4
5.8
2.7
2.9
2.4
Foreign
Total
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
International
Marine
Total
Total
Petroleum
Downstream
Natural
Gas 1,2
NA
NA
NA
12.5
12.8
15.5
17.5
16.1
12.7
10.3
9.4
9.4
3.0
4.9
6.3
5.8
7.9
4.9
4.4
4.9
5.2
4.0
9.9
10.0
3.8
7.0
13.2
13.1
6.0
113.7
18.9
22.4
19.9
16.7
8.2
NA
NA
NA
21.8
18.2
23.8
25.1
25.5
17.4
19.6
18.8
20.0
11.6
12.4
9.2
8.9
13.1
9.1
8.2
8.6
6.5
9.3
12.8
12.5
2.2
8.5
17.1
11.2
9.2
114.2
17.1
26.3
23.7
18.8
16.3
NA
NA
NA
5.1
12.7
29.1
26.4
9.0
4.7
7.7
4.5
3.3
16.3
4.7
11.6
8.0
11.2
14.6
7.8
10.6
6.1
7.2
6.0
10.5
8.2
5.1
8.7
9.5
-1.1
17.7
17.6
20.8
18.6
21.9
25.9
NA
NA
NA
2.6
-1.0
2.6
2.4
-1.1
-6.3
-13.2
-14.0
-19.0
5.3
-3.6
6.8
12.4
11.7
15.6
-1.2
1.2
-2.0
-2.5
2.2
11.8
8.9
.8
6.4
25.9
-6.2
W
W
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
12.4
13.6
23.1
23.0
17.7
11.8
14.1
13.3
13.8
12.8
9.5
9.9
8.7
12.5
11.0
7.9
9.2
6.2
8.4
10.6
11.9
4.0
7.6
15.1
10.9
7.2
113.0
17.3
25.5
22.9
19.2
17.8
NA
NA
NA
12.5
13.1
18.0
19.2
16.6
12.5
11.3
10.4
10.5
5.5
6.2
7.3
6.7
9.5
7.0
5.6
6.4
5.6
5.7
10.1
10.8
3.9
7.2
13.9
12.2
6.5
113.4
18.2
23.7
21.2
17.8
12.0
NA
NA
NA
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.8
5.9
4.0
5.7
15.6
5.1
1 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in
2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.
2 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,
processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, markets
and trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gas
and natural gas liquids.
3 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy
(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in
2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
4 Included in "Petroleum."
5 Included in "Other Energy."
6 Reflects unusually profitable electric power trading operations by survey respondents.
Electric
Power
Coal
Other
Energy 3
NonEnergy
Total
NA
NA
NA
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5.2
3.1
1.7
5.6
R-32.5
6181.4
NA
NA
NA
8.8
4.1
6.3
5.6
6.1
4.4
5.0
6.2
4.6
2.7
5.1
6.7
5.0
3.3
8.7
-9.3
7.6
4.0
6.9
9.9
7.2
26.4
9.5
1.7
9.0
-8.5
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
NA
NA
NA
-2.6
-4.2
-3.7
-.7
-6.8
-5.2
.5
-1.8
-8.4
-.8
.5
-2.5
-2.3
2.6
2.8
1.8
4.1
4.8
6.1
7.9
7.0
13.2
7.6
11.0
9.0
-6.8
2.8
24.7
22.2
11.1
6.0
-2.1
NA
NA
NA
7.1
6.5
8.8
5.9
3.5
.6
2.9
4.8
4.2
5.1
12.2
20.3
17.3
7.8
2.9
2.1
4.7
10.5
19.4
15.0
10.9
4.5
5.8
7.3
-6.6
4.7
2.4
10.7
11.6
14.6
12.5
-5.3
14.6
9.7
10.0
9.4
9.4
13.8
15.3
12.4
7.7
7.4
6.9
5.5
3.0
3.6
7.2
6.4
6.8
4.5
.5
4.7
4.9
6.2
9.5
9.2
3.2
5.6
11.4
7.7
4.1
10.9
14.0
19.0
17.9
15.6
9.9
R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. See Table 3.14.
Data are for return on investment, measured as net income divided by net investment in place. "Net
income" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes,
interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. "Net investment in place" is net property,
plant, and equipment plus investments and advances to unconsolidated affiliates.
Sources: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial
Reporting System" database, October 1996. 1977 forwardEIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy
Producers, annual reports.
91
Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Petroleum Activities
Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total
100
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Refining
Capacity
Uranium
80
30
4
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Refining
Capacity
Percent
Percent
Share of U.S. Total Production by Fuel Type
40
20
Production1
60
40
Crude Oil
and NGL
2
10
Coal
20
Production1
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2.4
400
1.8
300
1.2
0.6
92
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
Crude oil and natural gas liquids.

2000
2005
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Expenditures for Exploration and

Development of Uranium
50
40
200
30
20
10
0
1980
1990
100
0.0
1985
Coal Production
Million Short Tons
Trillion Cubic Feet
Dry Natural Gas Production
1980
Million Dollars
1980
Dry Natural Gas
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
Source: Table 3.13.
2000
2005
Table 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Production
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Liquids
Year
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
Dry Natural Gas
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
Billion
Cubic Feet
Percent of
U.S. Total
1,076
1,145
1,280
1,438
1,421
1,325
1,365
1,455
1,523
1,614
1,659
1,553
1,481
1,469
1,392
1,299
1,261
1,103
1,105
1,028
1,149
1,118
1,027
994
1,214
1,147
1,073
970
888
10.5
11.3
12.6
14.1
13.9
12.9
12.9
13.7
14.8
16.1
16.9
16.8
16.5
16.0
15.5
14.7
14.6
12.8
12.8
11.9
13.7
13.8
12.7
13.0
15.9
15.5
14.8
14.0
13.0
783
786
776
1,080
1,055
924
1,075
1,093
1,276
1,318
1,392
1,452
1,457
1,360
1,368
1,451
1,439
1,191
1,265
1,332
1,881
1,805
2,112
2,167
2,344
2,331
2,140
2,031
1,960
3.9
4.0
4.0
5.6
5.9
5.8
6.2
6.7
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.2
7.7
7.7
8.0
7.7
6.4
6.7
7.0
10.1
9.6
11.0
11.0
12.4
12.2
11.4
11.3
10.6
Coal
Million
Short Tons
24
29
31
106
138
128
153
147
146
181
195
207
254
238
259
254
295
316
332
327
199
300
284
302
291
289
155
160
158
Percent of
U.S. Total
Thousand
Pounds 2
Percent of
U.S. Total 3
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
3.1
3.8
3.8
12.9
16.6
16.5
17.3
16.8
16.5
19.8
20.6
21.2
24.7
24.0
26.0
27.0
28.6
30.7
31.2
30.0
17.8
27.2
26.4
26.8
26.6
27.0
13.9
14.1
13.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53,745
3,443
2,440
2,280
2,024
2,000
2,147
2,980
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
581.2
87.0
92.5
97.3
6 NM
87.6
79.8
72.6
1,895
1,984
2,066
2,595
2,423
2,337
2,276
2,656
3,133
3,342
3,356
4,243
4,379
4,312
4,256
4,440
4,479
4,164
4,050
3,637
4,940
4,877
4,831
4,797
4,733
4,761
4,683
4,942
4,844
10.9
11.0
11.1
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.5
17.2
20.1
21.0
21.4
27.2
27.9
27.5
28.1
29.5
29.2
27.1
26.2
23.0
30.4
29.5
29.1
28.6
28.2
28.2
27.3
28.5
27.8
1,066
948
926
1,114
1,092
1,022
1,066
1,285
1,565
1,586
1,673
2,084
2,282
2,299
2,369
2,362
2,346
2,204
2,145
1,998
2,721
2,737
2,971
3,027
3,090
2,914
2,900
2,845
NA
13.6
13.5
14.1
16.9
16.7
15.4
15.9
18.8
22.2
22.0
22.8
28.4
31.5
32.0
32.6
31.6
30.9
29.0
26.5
24.4
32.4
32.0
35.3
35.1
35.0
33.0
32.7
31.6
NA
Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.

Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.
5 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999.
6 Total U.S. uranium production is slightly below that of the foreign-affiliated companies shown in this
table. The U.S. data were rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoid
2
3
Refining Capacity 1
Uranium
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Expenditures for
Exploration and
Development of Uranium
Million
Dollars 4
39
34
38
25
15
5
7
6
12
12
9
6
3
4
8
9
2
2
4
4
(s)
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
NA
Percent of
U.S. Total
12.5
10.8
14.1
17.0
19.8
13.0
24.9
27.9
54.3
60.4
44.2
41.2
14.6
19.7
55.2
76.0
51.0
35.0
44.0
14.0
1.0
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
NA
disclosure of individual company data.

Note: 2007 data for this table were not available in time for publication. For data updates, see
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/finance/fdi/index.html.
Sources: 1978U.S. Department of Energy, Secretarys Annual Report to Congress, (September
1983). 1979-1992U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Profiles of Foreign Direct Investment in
U.S. Energy, annual reports. 1993-1996EIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual
reports. 1997 forwardEIA, Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. Energy, annual reports.
93
Table 3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2008

Company
Alenco, Inc. .......................................................
American Petrofina, Inc. 1 .................................
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation 2 ..................
Apache Corporation ..........................................
Ashland Inc. 3 ...................................................
Atlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) 4 ........................
BP America, Inc. 5,6 ..........................................
BP Amoco Corporation 4,5,7 ..............................
Burlington Northern Inc. 8 .................................
Burlington Resources Inc. 8,9 ............................
Chesapeake Energy Corporation .....................
Chevron Corporation 10,11,12,13 ..........................
Citgo Petroleum Corporation ............................
Cities Service 14 ................................................
ConocoPhillips, Inc. 9,15,16,17 .............................
Devon Energy Corporation ...............................
Dominion Resources ........................................
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 15,16 .............
El Paso Energy Corporation 18 .........................
Enron Corporation ............................................
EOG Resources ...............................................
Equilon Enterprises, LLC 19 ..............................
Equitable Resources, Inc. .................................
Exxon Mobil Corporation 20 ..............................
Getty Oil 21 ........................................................
Gulf Oil 11 ..........................................................
Hess Corporation ..............................................
Hovensa 22 .......................................................
Kerr-McGee Corporation 2,23 ............................
LYONDELLBASELL 24 .....................................
Marathon 25 ......................................................
Mobil Corporation 20,26 ......................................
Motiva Enterprises, LLC 27 ...............................
Nerco, Inc. 28 ....................................................
Occidental Petroleum Corporation 14 ...............
Oryx Energy Company 23,29 ..............................
Phillips Petroleum Company 17,30 .....................
Premcor Refining Group 31,32 ...........................
Shell Oil Company 33 ........................................
Sonat Inc. .........................................................
Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) (Sohio) 6 .....................
Sunoco, Inc. 29,34 ..............................................
Superior Oil 26 ...................................................
Tenneco Inc. 35 .................................................
Tesoro Petroleum Corporation .........................
Texaco Inc. 12,21 ...............................................
The Coastal Corporation 18 ..............................
The Williams Companies, Inc ...........................
Tosco Corporation 30 ........................................
Total Holdings, USA, 1,36,37 ...............................
Total Petroleum (North America) Ltd. 38 ...........
Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation 39 ...
Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. 40,41 ........
Unocal Corporation 13 .......................................
USX Corporation ..............................................
Valero Energy Corporation 32,39 .......................
WRB Refining, LLC 42 ......................................
XTO Energy, Inc. ..............................................
1974-81 1982 1983-84 1985-86
1987
1988
1989-90
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1992-93 1994-96
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
X
X
X
X
2002
2003-06
2007
2008
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Footnotes: See the following two pages.

Note: "X" indicates that the company was included in the Financial Reporting System for the year
indicated.
94
1991
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System."
Footnotes for Table 3.14

1
American Petrofina, Inc. changed its name to Fina, Inc., effective April 17, 1991.
Kerr-McGee merged with Anadarko on August 10, 2006. Anadarko's 2006
submission includes data for Kerr-McGee after August 10, 2006. Data for KerrMcGee was submitted separately for the period from January 1, 2006 to August 10,
2006.
3
Ashland was dropped from the FRS system for 1998 after spinning off downstream and coal operations and disposing of upstream operations.
4
BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) in April of 2000. The
reporting was consolidated under BP Amoco for 2000. Data for ARCO is not
included in the database for the period from January 1, 2000, to April 14, 2000.
5
Amoco merged with British Petroleum plc and became BP Amoco plc on December 31, 1998. BP America was renamed BP Amoco, Inc. The companies reported
separately for 1998 and 1999.
6
In 1987, British Petroleum acquired all shares in Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
that it did not already control and renamed its U.S. affiliate, BP America, Inc.
7
Formerly Standard Oil Company (Indiana).
8
Burlington Resources was added to the FRS system and Burlington Northern was
dropped for 1988. Data for Burlington Resources cover the full year 1988 even
though that company was not created until May of that year.
9
Burlington Resources merged with ConocoPhillips on March 30, 2006. ConocoPhillip's 2006 submission includes data for Burlington Resources after March 30,
2006. Data for Burlington Resources were submitted separately for the period from
January 1, 2006, to March 30, 2006.
10
Formerly Standard Oil Company of California.
11
Chevron acquired Gulf Oil in 1984, but separate data for Gulf continued to be
available for the full 1984 year.
12
In October 2000, Chevron and Texaco agreed to merge. Both companies reported
separately for 2000.
13
Unocal merged with ChevronTexaco on August 10, 2005. ChevronTexaco's 2005
submission includes data for Unocal after August 10, 2005. Data for Unocal were
submitted separately for the period from January 1, 2005 to August 10, 2005.
14
Occidental acquired Cities Service in 1982. Separate financial reports were available for 1982, so each company continued to be treated separately until 1983.
15
DuPont acquired Conoco in 1981. Separate data for Conoco were available for
1981; DuPont was included in the FRS system in 1982.
16
Dupont was dropped from the FRS system when Conoco was spun-off in 1998.
Conoco began reporting separately again in 1998.
17
In November 2001, Phillips and Conoco agreed to merge forming ConocoPhillips
in 2002. Both companies reported separately in 2001. The companies reported
separately in 2002 until the time of the merger.
18
In January 2001, Coastal merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of El Paso
2
Energy Corporation. The name was changed to El Paso CGP Company. Data were
reported separately in 2000 under the name The Coastal Company.
19
Equilon is a joint venture combining Shell's and Texaco's western and midwestern
U.S. refining and marketing businesses and nationwide trading transportation and
lubricants businesses. Net income is duplicated in the FRS system since Shell and
Texaco account for this investment using the equity method.
20
In December 1998, Exxon and Mobil agreed to merge. Both companies reported
separately for 1998.
21
Texaco acquired Getty in 1984; however, Getty was treated as a separate FRS
company for that year.
22
Hovensa is a refinery joint venture between Hess Corporation and Petroleos de
Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA, the state oil company of Venezuela) and has a 500,000
barrels-per-day refinery on the island of St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The
joint venture began in 1998.
23
In 1998, Kerr-McGee and Oryx merged. The financial reporting for both was
consolidated under Kerr-McGee for 1998.
24
LYONDELL-CITGO is a limited partnership owned by Lyondell Chemical
Company and Citgo. There will be some duplication of net income since Citgo
accounts for its investment using the equity method.
25
U.S. Steel (now USX) acquired Marathon in 1982.
26
Mobil acquired Superior in 1984, but both companies were treated separately for
that year.
27
Motiva is a joint venture approximately equally owned by Shell, Texaco, and
Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture combines the company's Gulf and east coast
refining and marketing businesses. Duplication exists for the net income related to
Shell and Texaco's interests, which are accounted for under the equity method.
28
RTZ America acquired the common stock of Nerco, Inc., on February 17, 1994.
In September 1993, Nerco, Inc. sold Nerco Oil & Gas, Inc., its subsidiary. Nerco's
1993 submission includes operations of Nerco Oil & Gas, Inc., through September
28, 1993.
29
Sun Company spun off Sun Exploration and Development Company (later
renamed Oryx Energy Company) during 1988. Both companies were included in
the FRS system for 1988; therefore, some degree of duplication exists for that year.
30
In September 2001, Phillips acquired Tosco. Both companies reported separately
in 2001.
31
In May 2000, Clark Refining & Marketing changed its name to Premcor Refining
Group.
32
Premcor merged with Valero on September 1, 2005. Valero's 2005 submission
includes data for Premcor after September 1, 2005. Data for Premcor were submitted separately for the period from January 1, 2005, to September 1, 2005.
33
Shell Oil Company consolidated the Deer Park refinery joint venture between
Shell Oil and Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex, the state oil company of Mexico) for
FRS reporting beginning with the 2008 reporting year, but Deer Park was not added
as a separate respondent company.
95
34
Sun company withdrew from oil and gas exploration and production in 1996. Sun's
1996 submission includes oil and gas exploration and production activities through
September 30, 1996. Refining/marketing activities are included for the entire 1996
calendar year. In 1998 the company changed its name to Sunoco, Inc.
35
Tenneco sold its worldwide oil and gas assets and its refining and marketing assets in
1988. Other FRS companies purchased approximately 70 percent of Tenneco's assets.
36
Prior submissions were reported at the FINA, Inc. level. FINA, Inc. was the parent
of Fina Oil and Chemical Company, which is now ATOFINA Petrochemicals. Due
to a series of mergers and acquisitions, beginning in 2000, the submission is
reported at the American Petrofina Holding Company level, which is the holding
company of ATOFINA.
37
In 2002, the name was changed to Total Fina Elf and changed to Total Holdings,
USA in 2003.
38
Effective June 1, 1991, Total's exploration, production, and marketing operations
in Canada were spun off to Total Oil & Gas, a new public entity.
96
39
In December 2001, Valero and Ultramar Diamond Shamrock agreed to merge.

Both companies reported separately in 2001.
40
Effective October 15, 1996, Union Pacific Corporation distributed its ownership in
the Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. to its shareholders. Prior to 1996, the FRS
system included Union Pacific Corporation. The FRS system includes only Union
Pacific Resources Group, Inc. for 1996.
41
Union Pacific merged with Anadarko on July 14, 2000. Anadarko's 2000 submission includes data for Union Pacific after July 14, 2000. Data for Union Pacific were
not submitted for the period from January 1, 2000, to July 14, 2000.
42
WRB Refining LLC is a 50/50 downstream joint venture between ConocoPhillips
and EnCana Corporation, the parent company of the FRS respondent Alenco. WRB
was established in 2007 and consists of refineries in Wood River, Illinois and
Borger, Texas.
4
Energy Resources
New oil and gas drilling activity in Wyoming. Source: Dreamstime Stock Photos.
Figure 4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Total Technically

Recoverable Resources
Dry Natural Gas, Total Technically Recoverable Resources
23%
24%
48 States Onshore
48 States Offshore
Alaska
44%
31%
42%
14%
7%
48 States Onshore, Non-Associated

Gas
48 States Offshore, Non-Associated
Gas
Associated-Dissolved Gas
Alaska
Shale Gas and Coalbed Methane
14%
Total
198 billion barrels
Total
2,119 trillion cubic feet
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate by Type
Dry Natural Gas by Type
125
1,200
115
1,056
1,000
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Barrels
100
75
61
50
25
825
800
600
400
238
23
200
0
Proved
Reserves
Inferred
Reserves
Undiscovered
Technically
Recoverable
Reserves
Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.
98
Proved
Reserves
Source: Table 4.1.
Inferred
Reserves
Undiscovered
Technically
Recoverable
Reserves
Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007
Region
Proved Reserves
Inferred Reserves 1
Undiscovered Technically
Total Technically
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate (billion barrels)

48 States Onshore ..............................................
48 States Offshore ..............................................
Alaska .................................................................
14.2
4.4
4.2
48.3
10.3
2.1
25.3
47.2
42.0
87.8
61.9
48.3
Total U.S. ...........................................................
22.8
60.7
114.5
198.0
Dry Natural Gas 2 (trillion cubic feet)

Conventionally Reservoired Fields 3 .............
48 States Onshore Non-Associated Gas ........
48 States Offshore Non-Associated Gas 4 .....
Associated-Dissolved Gas 5 ...........................
Alaska .............................................................
194.0
149.0
12.4
20.7
11.9
671.3
595.9
50.7
(6)
24.8
760.4
144.1
233.0
6117.2
266.1
1,625.7
889.0
296.0
137.9
302.8
Shale Gas and Coalbed Methane ...................
43.7
385.0
64.2
493.0
Total U.S. ..........................................................
237.7
1,056.3
824.6
2,118.7
1 Inferred reserves (reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known
crude oil or natural gas reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the time
between discovery and permanent abandonment.
2 Natural gas plant liquids are not included.
3 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas
usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.
4 Includes Federal offshore and State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State
jurisdiction).
5 Associated-dissolved (AD) natural gas is gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas
(associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved gas).
6 Inferred reserves for associated-dissolved natural gas are included in "Undiscovered Technically
Recoverable Resources."
Notes: Data are at end of year. "Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producible
using current technology without reference to the economic viability thereof. Resources in areas where
drilling is officially prohibited are not included. Estimates of the resources within a 50-mile buffer off the
Atlantic coast are also excluded from the technically recoverable volumes. "48 States" is the United
States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
Sources: Proved Reserves: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Oil and Gas.
Table values reflect the removal of intervening reserve additions between the date of the latest available
assessment and December 31, 2007. Inferred Reserves: EIA, Office of Oil and Gas and Office of
Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Undiscovered Onshore, State Offshore, and Alaska: National Oil
and Gas Resource Assessment Team, United States Geological Survey with adjustments to shale gas and
coalbed methane by Advanced Resources, International and the EIA, Office of Integrated Analysis and
Forecasting, Oil and Gas Division. Undiscovered Federal (Outer Continental Shelf) Offshore:
Minerals Management Service, Resource Evaluation Division.
99
Figure 4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate
Recovery, 1977-2008
Crude Oil
Natural Gas (Dry)
250
1,400
Proved
Ultimate Recovery
Proved
Ultimate Recovery
1,200
Proved Reserves
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Barrels
200
150
100
Cumulative Production
1,000
Proved Reserves
800
600
400
50
200
0
1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998
0
1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
2001 2004 2007
Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed

250
Natural Gas (Dry)
Index: 1977=100
200
150
Crude Oil
100
Crude Oil
Proved Reserves
50
0
1977
1980
1983
1986
Notes: Data are at end of year. Crude oil includes lease condensate.
100
Natural Gas (Dry)

Proved Reserves
1989
1992
1995
1998
Source: Table 4.2.
2001
2004
2007
Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery,
1977-2008
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1
Proved Ultimate Recovery
Billion Barrels
Year
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Proved Reserves
Natural Gas (Dry)
118.1
121.3
124.4
127.5
130.7
133.8
137.0
140.2
143.5
146.7
149.7
152.7
155.5
158.2
160.9
163.5
166.0
168.4
170.8
173.2
175.6
177.8
180.0
182.1
184.2
186.3
188.4
190.4
192.3
194.1
196.1
198.0
31.8
31.4
31.2
31.3
31.0
29.5
29.3
30.0
29.9
28.3
28.7
28.2
27.9
27.6
25.9
25.0
24.1
23.6
23.5
23.3
23.9
22.4
23.2
23.5
23.8
24.0
23.1
22.6
23.0
22.1
22.8
20.6
Proved Reserves
Proved Ultimate Recovery
Trillion Cubic Feet

149.9
152.6
155.6
158.9
161.7
163.3
166.3
170.2
173.4
175.0
178.4
180.9
183.4
185.7
186.8
188.5
190.2
192.0
194.4
196.5
199.4
200.2
203.1
205.6
208.1
210.4
211.5
213.0
215.3
216.3
218.9
218.5
1 Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas stream
at a lease or field separation facility.
Notes: Data are at end of year. See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Lease
Condensate," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.
Web
Pages:
See
http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
and
http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related information.
Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
514.4
533.6
553.2
572.6
591.8
609.6
625.7
643.2
659.6
675.7
692.3
709.4
726.7
744.5
762.2
780.1
798.2
817.0
835.6
854.5
873.4
892.4
911.2
930.4
950.0
968.9
988.0
1,006.6
1,024.6
1,043.1
1,062.2
1,082.5
207.4
208.0
201.0
199.0
201.7
201.5
200.2
197.5
193.4
191.6
187.2
168.0
167.1
169.3
167.1
165.0
162.4
163.8
165.1
166.5
167.2
164.0
167.4
177.4
183.5
186.9
189.0
192.5
204.4
211.1
237.7
244.7
721.9
741.6
754.2
771.6
793.5
811.1
826.0
840.7
853.0
867.3
879.5
877.4
893.9
913.9
929.3
945.1
960.6
980.8
1,000.7
1,020.9
1,040.6
1,056.4
1,078.6
1,107.8
1,133.5
1,155.9
1,177.1
1,199.1
1,229.0
1,254.2
1,299.9
1,327.1
Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. Proved Reserves:
1977-2007EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports.
2008EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 2008 (October 2009) at
http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/crude_oil_natural_gas_reserves/cr.html (Tables
4, 5, and 12). Proved Ultimate Recovery: Calculated as the sum of cumulative production and proved
reserves.
101
Figure 4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves
Total, 1949-2008
By Type, 2008
50
100
43
40
API and
AGA Data
Billion Barrels COE
Billion Barrels COE
75
EIA Data
50
30
19
20
25
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
By Type, 1949-2008
60
API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

Natural Gas
Billion Barrels COE
EIA Data: 1977-2008
40
Crude Oil
20
Natural Gas Liquids
0
1950
1
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
COE=crude oil equivalent.

To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in Natural Gas
Liquids; otherwise, lease condensate is included in Crude Oil.
102
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Notes: Data are at end of year. API=American Petroleum Institute. AGA=American Gas
Association. EIA=U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Source: Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Crude Oil 1
Year
Billion Barrels
Natural Gas Liquids 1
Natural Gas (Dry)

Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Barrels COE
Billion Barrels
Total
Billion Barrels COE
Billion Barrels COE 3
American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
24.6
25.3
30.0
31.6
31.4
39.0
38.1
36.3
35.3
34.2
32.7
30.9
29.5
27.8
27.1
179.4
184.6
222.5
262.3
286.5
290.7
278.8
266.1
250.0
237.1
228.2
216.0
208.9
200.3
194.9
32.0
32.9
39.7
46.8
51.0
51.7
49.6
47.1
44.0
41.9
40.2
38.0
36.8
35.2
34.3
3.7
4.3
5.4
6.8
8.0
7.7
7.3
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.0
5.9
5.7
3.1
3.5
4.4
5.4
6.3
5.9
5.5
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.1
59.7
61.7
74.1
83.8
88.6
96.6
93.2
88.5
84.1
80.8
77.5
73.6
70.6
67.3
65.5
NA
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.8
6.3
6.4
NA
73.0
70.1
70.0
70.4
68.8
69.0
69.0
68.5
66.7
66.3
62.4
61.7
61.7
59.6
58.3
56.8
56.5
56.8
56.9
57.7
55.5
56.9
59.2
60.5
61.3
R60.6
60.9
63.6
64.2
R69.8
68.8
U.S. Energy Information Administration Data

1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
31.8
31.4
29.8
29.8
29.4
27.9
27.7
28.4
28.4
26.9
27.3
26.8
26.5
26.3
24.7
23.7
23.0
22.5
22.4
22.0
22.5
21.0
21.8
22.0
22.4
22.7
21.9
21.4
21.8
21.0
21.3
19.1
207.4
208.0
201.0
199.0
201.7
201.5
200.2
197.5
193.4
191.6
187.2
168.0
167.1
169.3
167.1
165.0
162.4
163.8
165.1
166.5
167.2
164.0
167.4
177.4
183.5
186.9
189.0
192.5
204.4
211.1
237.7
244.7
36.5
36.5
35.4
35.2
35.7
35.7
35.6
35.1
34.4
34.0
33.3
29.8
29.7
30.0
29.7
29.3
28.8
29.0
29.2
29.4
29.6
29.2
29.6
31.4
32.5
33.1
R33.5
34.1
R36.2
37.4
R42.2
43.3
1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";
otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."
2 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural
gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage.
3 Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry production
approximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat
content (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE by
multiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) and
then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are converted
to COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)
and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.
NA
6.8
6.6
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.9
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.2
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.8
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.3
8.0
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.2
8.5
9.1
9.3

Notes: Data are at end of year. See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural
Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data: American Petroleum
Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United States and Canada as of December 31,
1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). U.S. Energy Information Administraton Data: 1977-1997EIA, U.S.
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports. 1998 forwardEIA, U.S.
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2008 Annual Report (October 2009), Table 1.
103
Figure 4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation
By Site, 1949-2009
By Site, 2009
1,200
1,000
Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981
800
Number of Rigs
Thousand Rigs
1,046
2
Total
600
400
1
200
Onshore
Offshore
44
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Onshore
By Type1, 2009
By Type, 1949-2009
5
900
800
2
Total
600
500
400
278
300
200
1
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
100
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown.
104
801
700
Number of Rigs
Thousand Rigs
Offshore
Natural Gas
Source: Table 4.4.
Crude Oil
Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Number of Rigs)
By Site
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Onshore
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,110
1,378
1,554
1,529
1,834
2,074
1,970
2,678
3,714
2,862
2,033
2,215
1,774
865
841
813
764
902
779
669
672
673
622
671
821
703
519
778
1,003
717
924
1,095
1,287
1,559
1,695
1,814
1,046
By Type
Offshore
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
84
94
106
129
167
185
207
231
256
243
199
213
206
99
95
123
105
108
81
52
82
102
101
108
122
123
106
140
153
113
108
97
94
90
72
65
44
1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for
miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Total 1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
354
401
464
351
331
364
427
385
464
564
560
496
720
939
691
872
1,025
1,184
1,372
1,466
1,491
801
2,017
2,154
2,686
1,748
1,388
1,028
976
1,107
1,194
1,472
1,660
1,658
2,001
2,259
2,177
2,909
3,970
3,105
2,232
2,428
1,980
964
936
936
869
1,010
860
721
754
775
723
779
943
827
625
918
1,156
830
1,032
1,192
1,381
1,649
1,768
1,879
1,089
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
554
453
532
482
373
373
335
323
306
376
264
128
197
217
137
157
165
194
274
297
379
278
weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/resource.html.
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs RunningBy State.
105
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2009
100
100
40
80
25
Thousand Wells
Thousand Wells
75
50
Total
Crude
Oil Wells
Total
30
20
10
Exploratory
0
1950 1960 1970
1980
1990
Natural
Gas Wells
0
1950
2000
Wells Drilled, 2009
1960
1970
1980
1990
150
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
10
68
62
106
1990
2000
6.9
5.8
6
5.0
5.2
Exploratory
Development
Total
5.8
4.9
5.2
18
1.1
12
0
Natural Gas
1980
7.0
3.5
Crude Oil
1970
124
2.4
1.4
1960
8.2
133
50
5
0
1950
Average Depth, 2009
100
13.2
Exploratory
Exploratory
Development
Total
19.2
15
0.8
40
2000
17.7
12.4
60
20
Footage Drilled, 2009
Exploratory
Development
Total
20
Development
Dry Holes
Development
25
Successful Wells, 1949-2009
50
Percent
Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2009
Thousand Feet per Well
Figure 4.5
Dry Holes
0
Crude Oil
Data are for exploratory and development wells combined.
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Sources: Tables 4.54.7.
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005E
2006E
2007E
2008E
2009E
1
Dry Holes
Total
Number
21,352
23,812
30,432
22,258
18,065
12,968
11,853
11,378
10,167
13,647
16,948
17,688
18,745
19,181
20,851
32,959
43,887
39,459
37,366
42,906
35,261
19,213
16,210
13,646
10,230
R12,800
R12,542
R9,379
R8,828
R7,334
R8,230
R8,819
R11,189
R7,659
R4,759
R8,089
R8,880
R6,762
R8,104
R8,764
R10,696
R13,289
R13,564
R17,370
13,175
3,363
3,439
4,266
5,149
4,482
4,011
3,971
5,440
6,933
7,138
8,127
9,409
12,122
14,413
15,254
17,461
20,250
19,076
14,684
17,338
14,324
8,599
8,096
8,578
9,522
R11,227
R9,768
R8,149
R9,829
R9,358
R8,081
R9,015
R11,494
R11,613
R11,979
R16,986
R22,033
R17,297
R20,685
R24,112
R28,500
R32,878
R33,132
R34,118
19,153
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
Percent
12,597
14,799
20,452
18,212
16,226
11,031
10,309
10,891
10,320
12,116
13,646
13,758
14,985
16,551
16,099
20,785
27,953
26,379
24,355
25,884
21,211
12,799
11,167
10,119
8,236
R8,237
R7,476
R5,857
R6,093
R5,092
R4,813
R4,890
R5,874
R4,763
R3,554
R4,134
R4,564
R3,728
R3,970
R4,053
R4,656
R5,183
R5,121
R5,726
3,537
37,312
42,050
55,150
45,619
38,773
28,010
26,133
27,709
27,420
32,901
38,721
40,855
45,852
50,145
52,204
71,205
92,090
84,914
76,405
86,128
70,796
40,611
35,473
32,343
27,988
R32,264
R29,786
R23,385
R24,750
R21,784
R21,124
R22,724
R28,557
R24,035
R20,292
R29,209
R35,477
R27,787
R32,759
R36,929
R43,852
R51,350
R51,817
R57,214
35,865
66.2
64.8
62.9
60.1
58.2
60.6
60.6
60.7
62.4
63.2
64.8
66.3
67.3
67.0
69.2
70.8
69.6
68.9
68.1
69.9
70.0
68.5
68.5
68.7
70.6
R74.5
R74.9
R75.0
R75.4
R76.6
R77.2
R78.5
R79.4
R80.2
82.5
85.8
87.1
86.6
R87.9
R89.0
89.4
R89.9
R90.1
R90.0
90.1
Dry Holes
Average Depth
4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
79,428
92,695
121,148
86,568
73,322
56,859
49,109
49,269
44,416
52,025
66,819
68,892
75,451
77,041
82,688
125,262
172,167
149,674
136,849
162,653
137,728
76,825
66,358
58,639
43,266
R56,675
R56,329
R45,973
R44,410
R38,803
R41,249
R42,566
R56,446
R38,658
R21,983
R36,865
R43,339
R30,956
R38,751
R42,263
R51,470
R63,620
R67,009
R89,815
68,090
See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.

See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.
See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.
R=Revised. E=Estimate.
Notes: Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells
only, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are
excluded. For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for
well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970
forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data for
recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. Revisions for 1990-2008 are due to
2
Natural Gas
12,437
13,685
19,930
28,246
24,931
23,623
23,460
30,006
38,045
38,449
44,454
49,113
63,686
75,841
80,468
92,106
108,353
107,149
78,108
91,480
76,293
45,039
42,584
45,363
49,081
R57,002
R50,971
R44,748
R58,322
R58,360
R49,816
R56,205
R71,555
R70,281
R60,234
R83,502
R110,648
R93,055
R116,010
R138,464
R164,033
R192,921
R213,241
R235,330
132,713
43,754
50,977
85,103
77,361
76,629
58,074
54,685
58,556
55,761
62,899
69,220
68,977
76,728
85,788
81,642
99,575
134,934
123,746
105,222
119,860
100,388
60,961
53,588
52,517
42,099
R42,527
R37,839
R29,440
R31,110
R27,806
R26,394
R27,875
R33,753
R28,594
R20,670
R23,987
R26,148
R21,121
R22,728
R23,662
R25,096
R27,799
R28,566
R29,708
18,296
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well

135,619
157,358
226,182
192,176
174,882
138,556
127,253
137,831
138,223
153,374
180,494
186,982
215,866
238,669
244,798
316,943
415,454
380,569
320,179
373,993
314,409
182,825
162,530
156,519
134,446
R156,204
R145,139
R120,161
R133,842
R124,969
R117,459
R126,646
R161,754
R137,533
R102,887
R144,354
R180,135
R145,132
R177,489
R204,389
R240,599
R284,340
R308,816
R354,853
219,099
3,720
3,893
3,981
3,889
4,059
4,385
4,126
4,330
4,369
3,812
3,943
3,895
4,025
4,017
3,966
3,801
3,923
3,793
3,662
3,791
3,906
3,999
4,094
4,297
4,229
R4,427
R4,491
R4,901
R5,030
R5,290
R5,012
R4,826
R5,044
R5,047
R4,619
R4,557
R4,880
R4,577
R4,781
R4,822
R4,812
R4,787
R4,940
R5,170
5,168
3,698
3,979
4,672
5,486
5,562
5,860
5,890
5,516
5,488
5,387
5,470
5,220
5,254
5,262
5,275
5,275
5,351
5,617
5,319
5,276
5,326
5,238
5,260
5,288
5,154
R5,077
R5,218
R5,491
R5,933
R6,236
R6,164
R6,234
R6,225
R6,051
R5,028
R4,915
R5,021
R5,379
R5,608
R5,742
R5,755
R5,867
R6,436
R6,897
6,929
3,473
3,445
4,161
4,248
4,723
5,265
5,305
5,377
5,403
5,191
5,073
5,014
5,120
5,183
5,071
4,791
4,827
4,691
4,320
4,631
4,733
4,763
4,799
5,190
5,112
R5,162
R5,061
R5,026
R5,105
R5,460
R5,483
R5,700
R5,746
R6,003
R5,815
R5,802
R5,729
R5,665
R5,724
R5,838
R5,390
R5,363
5,578
R5,188
5,172
3,635
3,742
4,101
4,213
4,510
4,943
4,858
4,974
5,041
4,662
4,661
4,577
4,708
4,760
4,689
4,451
4,511
4,482
4,191
4,342
4,441
4,502
4,582
4,839
4,804
R4,841
R4,872
R5,138
R5,407
R5,736
R5,560
R5,573
R5,664
R5,722
R5,070
R4,942
R5,077
R5,223
R5,418
R5,534
R5,486
R5,537
R5,959
R6,202
6,108
updates through January 2010 in the source files, including the addition of data for new wells that are
classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not included in this table. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.
Sources:
1949-1965Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil, "Forecast-Review" issue.
1966-1969American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United
States, annual summaries and monthly reports. 1970-1989EIA computations based on well reports
submitted to the API. 1990 forwardEIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,
Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Table 5.2.
107
Figure 4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2009
Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type
Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well Type
15
80
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
60
10
Dry Holes
Dry Holes
40
5
Crude Oil Wells
20
Natural Gas Wells
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Exploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells
1950
1970
1980
1990
2000
10
Thousand Feet Per Well
1960
Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Type
10
Crude Oil
Wells
8
Natural Gas Wells
6
Dry Holes
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7
for development wells only.
108
Natural Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells
1950
1960
Source: Table 4.6.
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005E
2006E
2007E
2008E
2009E
1
Dry Holes
Total
Number
1,406
1,583
2,236
1,321
946
757
659
685
642
859
982
1,086
1,164
1,171
1,321
1,777
2,651
2,437
2,030
2,209
1,680
1,084
926
855
607
778
673
571
539
595
570
489
491
327
R197
R287
R357
257
353
R385
R536
R660
R834
R947
759
424
431
874
868
515
477
470
656
1,067
1,190
1,248
1,346
1,548
1,771
1,907
2,099
2,522
2,133
1,605
1,528
1,200
797
756
747
706
R811
648
513
R610
780
557
576
561
566
R567
R655
R1,052
843
R999
R1,677
R2,149
R2,464
R2,878
R2,652
1,423
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
Percent
7,228
8,292
11,832
9,515
8,005
6,162
5,952
6,134
5,952
6,833
7,129
6,772
7,283
7,965
7,437
9,081
12,400
11,307
10,206
11,321
8,954
5,567
5,052
4,711
3,934
R3,651
R3,190
R2,383
R2,333
R2,247
2,023
R1,956
R2,113
R1,590
R1,157
R1,337
R1,724
R1,279
R1,298
R1,352
R1,474
R1,534
R1,613
R1,858
1,111
9,058
10,306
14,942
11,704
9,466
7,396
7,081
7,475
7,661
8,882
9,359
9,204
9,995
10,907
10,665
12,957
17,573
15,877
13,841
15,058
11,834
7,448
6,734
6,313
5,247
5,240
R4,511
R3,467
R3,482
R3,622
3,150
R3,021
R3,165
R2,483
R1,921
R2,279
R3,133
R2,379
R2,650
R3,414
R4,159
R4,658
R5,325
R5,457
3,293
20.2
19.5
20.8
18.7
15.4
16.7
15.9
17.9
22.3
23.1
23.8
26.4
27.1
27.0
30.3
29.9
29.4
28.8
26.3
24.8
24.3
25.3
25.0
25.4
25.0
30.3
29.3
31.3
33.0
38.0
35.8
35.3
R33.2
36.0
R39.8
R41.3
45.0
R46.2
R51.0
R60.4
R64.6
R67.1
R69.7
R66.0
66.3
Dry Holes
Average Depth
4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
5,950
6,862
10,774
6,829
5,366
4,729
3,786
4,028
4,008
5,029
5,806
6,527
6,870
7,105
7,941
10,177
15,515
13,413
10,437
12,294
9,854
6,579
5,652
5,286
3,659
R5,319
4,469
3,957
3,572
R3,969
R3,933
R3,654
3,946
R2,739
R1,431
R2,090
R2,619
R1,737
R2,464
R3,147
R4,277
R4,883
R6,169
R7,724
6,190

Notes: Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells
combined, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in
a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum
Institute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given
year. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting
of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing
2
Natural Gas
2,409
2,356
5,212
5,466
3,757
3,678
3,610
4,847
7,038
7,683
8,422
9,121
10,255
11,798
12,643
13,862
17,079
14,763
10,264
9,935
8,144
5,401
5,064
4,992
4,664
R5,757
4,615
3,543
R3,953
R5,119
R3,488
3,901
4,032
4,092
R3,973
R4,814
R7,326
R5,726
R6,582
R9,960
R12,262
R14,165
R16,771
R15,476
8,304
26,439
30,957
53,220
43,535
40,081
35,123
34,499
36,081
34,571
38,603
40,448
37,969
40,823
46,295
42,512
50,249
69,214
60,680
48,989
58,624
47,604
30,325
26,746
27,079
21,947
R20,756
R18,046
R13,048
R13,471
R13,306
11,922
R12,136
13,499
R10,843
R7,688
R9,129
R11,431
R8,681
R8,825
R9,346
R9,434
R9,696
R10,330
R10,994
6,435
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well

34,798
40,175
69,206
55,831
49,204
43,530
41,895
44,956
45,618
51,315
54,677
53,617
57,949
65,197
63,096
74,288
101,808
88,856
69,690
80,853
65,602
42,305
37,462
37,357
30,270
R31,832
R27,130
20,548
R20,996
R22,394
R19,343
R19,691
R21,477
R17,674
R13,092
R16,033
R21,376
R16,144
R17,871
R22,453
R25,973
R28,744
R33,270
R34,194
20,929
4,232
4,335
4,819
5,170
5,672
6,247
5,745
5,880
6,243
5,855
5,913
6,010
5,902
6,067
6,011
5,727
5,853
5,504
5,141
5,565
5,865
6,069
6,104
6,182
6,028
R6,836
R6,640
R6,929
6,627
R6,670
R6,900
R7,472
R8,036
R8,376
R7,263
R7,282
R7,336
R6,758
R6,980
R8,174
R7,979
R7,398
R7,396
R8,156
8,155
5,682
5,466
5,964
6,298
7,295
7,695
7,649
7,400
6,596
6,456
6,748
6,777
6,625
6,662
6,630
6,604
6,772
6,921
6,395
6,502
6,787
6,777
6,698
6,683
6,606
R7,098
R7,121
R6,906
R6,480
R6,562
R6,262
R6,772
R7,187
R7,229
R7,007
R7,349
R6,963
R6,792
R6,588
R5,939
R5,705
R5,748
R5,827
R5,835
5,835
3,658
3,733
4,498
4,575
5,007
5,700
5,796
5,882
5,808
5,649
5,674
5,607
5,605
5,812
5,716
5,533
5,582
5,367
4,800
5,178
5,317
5,447
5,294
5,748
5,579
5,685
R5,657
R5,475
R5,774
R5,921
5,893
R6,204
R6,388
R6,819
R6,644
R6,827
R6,630
R6,787
R6,798
R6,912
R6,400
R6,320
R6,404
R5,917
5,792
3,842
3,898
4,632
4,770
5,198
5,885
5,915
6,015
5,955
5,777
5,842
5,825
5,798
5,978
5,916
5,733
5,793
5,597
5,035
5,369
5,544
5,680
5,563
5,917
5,769
R6,074
R6,014
R5,926
R6,029
R6,182
R6,140
R6,518
R6,785
R7,118
R6,815
R7,035
R6,822
R6,786
R6,743
R6,576
R6,245
R6,170
6,247
R6,266
6,355
data. Revisions for 1990-2008 are due to updates through January 2010 in the source files, including the
addition of data for new wells that are classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not included
in this table. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth
may not equal average of components due to independent rounding.
Sources:

109
Figure 4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2009

Development Footage Drilled by Well Type
50
250
40
200
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
Development Wells Drilled by Well Type
30
Crude Oil Wells
20
1950
1960
Crude Oil Wells
50
Natural Gas Wells
1970
Dry Holes
Natural Gas Wells
0
1980
1990
2000
Development Wells Average Depth, All Wells
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Development Wells Average Depth by Well Type

8
100
Dry Holes
10
Natural Gas Wells
4
Crude Oil Wells
Dry Holes
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Note: These graphs depict development wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure
4.6 for exploratory wells only.
110
150
1950
1960
1970
Source: Table 4.7.
1980
1990
2000
Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005E
2006E
2007E
2008E
2009E
1
Dry Holes
Total
Number
19,946
22,229
28,196
20,937
17,119
12,211
11,194
10,693
9,525
12,788
15,966
16,602
17,581
18,010
19,530
31,182
41,236
37,022
35,336
40,697
33,581
18,129
15,284
12,791
9,623
R12,022
R11,869
R8,808
R8,289
R6,739
R7,660
R8,330
R10,698
R7,332
R4,562
R7,802
R8,523
R6,505
R7,751
R8,379
R10,160
R12,629
R12,730
R16,423
12,416
2,939
3,008
3,392
4,281
3,967
3,534
3,501
4,784
5,866
5,948
6,879
8,063
10,574
12,642
13,347
15,362
17,728
16,943
13,079
15,810
13,124
7,802
7,340
7,831
8,816
R10,416
R9,120
R7,636
R9,219
R8,578
R7,524
R8,439
R10,933
R11,047
R11,412
R16,331
R20,981
R16,454
R19,686
R22,435
R26,351
R30,414
R30,254
R31,466
17,730
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
Percent
5,369
6,507
8,620
8,697
8,221
4,869
4,357
4,757
4,368
5,283
6,517
6,986
7,702
8,586
8,662
11,704
15,553
15,072
14,149
14,563
12,257
7,232
6,115
5,408
4,302
R4,586
R4,286
R3,474
R3,760
R2,845
R2,790
R2,934
R3,761
R3,173
R2,397
R2,797
R2,840
R2,449
R2,672
R2,701
R3,182
R3,649
R3,508
R3,868
2,426
28,254
31,744
40,208
33,915
29,307
20,614
19,052
20,234
19,759
24,019
29,362
31,651
35,857
39,238
41,539
58,248
74,517
69,037
62,564
71,070
58,962
33,163
28,739
26,030
22,741
R27,024
R25,275
R19,918
R21,268
R18,162
R17,974
R19,703
R25,392
R21,552
R18,371
R26,930
R32,344
R25,408
R30,109
R33,515
R39,693
R46,692
R46,492
R51,757
32,572
81.0
79.5
78.6
74.4
71.9
76.4
77.1
76.5
77.9
78.0
77.8
77.9
78.5
78.1
79.1
79.9
79.1
78.2
77.4
79.5
79.2
78.2
78.7
79.2
81.1
R83.0
R83.0
R82.6
R82.3
R84.3
R84.5
R85.1
R85.2
R85.3
R87.0
89.6
91.2
R90.4
R91.1
R91.9
R92.0
R92.2
R92.5
R92.5
92.6
Dry Holes
Average Depth
4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
73,478
85,833
110,374
79,739
67,956
52,130
45,323
45,241
40,408
46,996
61,013
62,365
68,581
69,936
74,747
115,085
156,652
136,261
126,412
150,359
127,874
70,246
60,706
53,353
39,607
R51,356
R51,860
R42,016
R40,838
R34,834
R37,316
R38,912
R52,500
R35,919
R20,552
R34,775
R40,720
R29,219
R36,287
R39,116
R47,193
R58,737
R60,840
R82,091
61,900

Notes: Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells
combined, and Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only. Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are
excluded. For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for
well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970
forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data for
recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. Revisions for 1990-2008 are due to
2
Natural Gas
10,028
11,329
14,718
22,780
21,174
19,945
19,850
25,159
31,007
30,766
36,032
39,992
53,431
64,043
67,825
78,244
91,274
92,386
67,844
81,545
68,149
39,638
37,520
40,371
44,417
R51,245
R46,356
R41,205
R54,369
R53,241
R46,328
R52,304
R67,523
R66,189
R56,261
R78,688
R103,322
R87,329
R109,428
R128,504
R151,771
R178,756
R196,470
R219,854
124,409
17,315
20,020
31,883
33,826
36,548
22,951
20,186
22,475
21,190
24,296
28,772
31,008
35,905
39,493
39,130
49,326
65,720
63,066
56,233
61,236
52,784
30,636
26,842
25,438
20,152
R21,771
R19,793
R16,392
R17,639
R14,500
R14,472
R15,739
R20,254
R17,751
R12,982
R14,858
R14,717
R12,440
R13,903
R14,316
R15,662
R18,103
R18,236
R18,714
11,861
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well

100,821
117,183
156,976
136,345
125,678
95,026
85,358
92,875
92,605
102,059
125,817
133,365
157,917
173,472
181,702
242,655
313,646
291,713
250,489
293,140
248,807
140,520
125,068
119,162
104,176
R124,372
R118,009
R99,613
R112,846
R102,575
R98,116
R106,955
R140,277
R119,859
R89,795
R128,321
R158,759
R128,988
R159,618
R181,936
R214,626
R255,596
R275,546
R320,659
198,170
3,684
3,861
3,915
3,809
3,970
4,269
4,049
4,231
4,242
3,675
3,821
3,756
3,901
3,883
3,827
3,691
3,799
3,681
3,577
3,695
3,808
3,875
3,972
4,171
4,116
R4,272
R4,369
R4,770
R4,927
R5,169
R4,872
R4,671
R4,907
R4,899
R4,505
R4,457
R4,778
R4,492
R4,682
R4,668
R4,645
R4,651
R4,779
R4,999
4,986
3,412
3,766
4,339
5,321
5,337
5,644
5,670
5,259
5,286
5,173
5,238
4,960
5,053
5,066
5,082
5,093
5,149
5,453
5,187
5,158
5,193
5,080
5,112
5,155
5,038
R4,920
R5,083
R5,396
R5,897
R6,207
R6,157
R6,198
R6,176
R5,992
R4,930
R4,818
R4,925
R5,307
R5,559
R5,728
R5,760
R5,877
R6,494
R6,987
7,017
3,225
3,077
3,699
3,889
4,446
4,714
4,633
4,725
4,851
4,599
4,415
4,439
4,662
4,600
4,517
4,214
4,226
4,184
3,974
4,205
4,306
4,236
4,390
4,704
4,684
R4,747
R4,618
R4,718
R4,691
R5,097
R5,187
R5,364
R5,385
R5,594
R5,416
R5,312
R5,182
R5,080
R5,203
R5,300
R4,922
R4,961
R5,198
R4,838
4,889
3,568
3,691
3,904
4,020
4,288
4,610
4,480
4,590
4,687
4,249
4,285
4,214
4,404
4,421
4,374
4,166
4,209
4,225
4,004
4,125
4,220
4,237
4,352
4,578
4,581
R4,602
R4,669
R5,001
R5,306
R5,648
R5,459
R5,428
R5,524
R5,561
R4,888
R4,765
R4,908
R5,077
R5,301
R5,428
R5,407
R5,474
R5,927
R6,195
6,084
updates through January 2010 in the source files, including the addition of data for new wells that are
classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not included in this table. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components
Sources:
111
Figure 4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled
Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2008
Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2008

1,000
6,000
800
4,000
600
Dollars
Thousand Dollars
5,000
3,000
400
2,000
200
1,000
0
1960
Real
Real
Nominal
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
Costs per Well by Well Type, 2008
Nominal
1965
1970
1975
1980
2000
1,214
1,200
5,284
5,136
4,624
Nominal Dollars
Thousand Nominal Dollars
6,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
800
782
778
701
600
2,000
400
1,000
200
0
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
All
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.
112
1995
1,400
6,331
1990
Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2008
7,000
5,000
1985
Crude Oil
2
Natural Gas

Source: Table 4.8.
Dry Holes
All
2005
Table 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2008
Thousand Dollars per Well
Crude Oil
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Nominal
52.2
51.3
54.2
51.8
50.6
56.6
62.2
66.6
79.1
86.5
86.7
78.4
93.5
103.8
110.2
138.6
151.1
170.0
208.0
243.1
272.1
336.3
347.4
283.8
262.1
270.4
284.9
246.0
279.4
282.3
321.8
346.9
362.3
356.6
409.5
415.8
341.0
445.6
566.0
783.0
593.4
729.1
882.8
1,037.3
1,441.8
1,920.4
2,238.6
4,000.4
4,623.7
Natural Gas
Nominal
102.7
94.7
97.1
92.4
104.8
101.9
133.8
141.0
148.5
154.3
160.7
166.6
157.8
155.3
189.2
262.0
270.4
313.5
374.2
443.1
536.4
698.6
864.3
608.1
489.8
508.7
522.9
380.4
460.3
457.8
471.3
506.6
426.1
521.2
535.1
629.7
616.0
728.6
815.6
798.4
756.9
896.5
991.9
1,106.0
1,716.4
1,497.6
1,936.2
3,906.9
5,283.8
Dry Holes
Nominal
44.0
45.2
50.8
48.2
48.5
53.1
56.9
61.5
66.2
70.2
80.9
86.8
94.9
105.8
141.7
177.2
190.3
230.2
281.7
339.6
376.5
464.0
515.4
366.5
329.2
372.3
389.2
259.1
366.4
355.4
367.5
441.2
357.6
387.7
491.5
481.2
541.0
655.6
973.2
1,115.5
1,075.4
1,620.4
1,673.4
2,065.1
1,977.3
2,392.9
2,664.6
6,131.2
6,331.2
Dollars per Foot
All
Nominal
54.9
54.5
58.6
55.0
55.8
60.6
68.4
72.9
81.5
88.6
94.9
94.7
106.4
117.2
138.7
177.8
191.6
227.2
280.0
331.4
367.7
453.7
514.4
371.7
326.5
349.4
364.6
279.6
354.7
362.2
383.6
421.5
382.6
426.8
483.2
513.4
496.1
603.9
769.1
856.1
754.6
943.2
1,054.2
1,199.5
1,673.1
1,720.7
2,101.7
4,171.7
5,135.9
Crude Oil
Real
R295.4
R289.9
R307.6
R285.6
R285.3
R304.5
R333.9
R345.3
R370.1
R383.4
R390.2
R370.9
R399.6
R416.7
R452.4
R529.7
R539.9
R601.8
R692.9
R757.2
R770.0
R868.7
R928.3
R645.3
R546.2
R567.4
R579.3
R431.7
R529.5
R521.1
R531.3
R563.7
R499.9
R545.6
R605.0
R629.7
R597.1
R714.2
R899.4
R986.7
R851.2
R1,040.4
R1,144.4
R1,274.8
R1,729.0
R1,720.7
R2,035.4
R3,927.7
4,734.3

R=Revised.
2
Nominal
13.22
13.11
13.41
13.20
13.12
13.94
15.04
16.61
18.63
19.28
19.29
18.41
20.77
22.54
27.82
34.17
37.35
41.16
49.72
58.29
66.36
80.40
86.34
72.65
66.32
66.78
68.35
58.35
62.28
64.92
69.17
73.75
69.50
67.52
70.57
78.09
70.60
90.48
108.88
156.45
125.96
153.72
194.55
221.13
298.45
314.36
402.45
717.13
778.14
Natural Gas
Nominal
18.57
17.65
18.10
17.19
18.57
18.35
21.75
23.05
24.05
25.58
26.75
27.70
27.78
27.46
34.11
46.23
49.78
57.57
68.37
80.66
95.16
122.17
146.20
108.37
88.80
93.09
93.02
69.55
84.65
86.86
90.73
93.10
72.83
83.15
81.90
95.97
98.67
117.55
127.94
138.42
138.39
172.05
175.78
189.95
284.78
280.03
348.36
604.06
701.42
Dry Holes 3
Nominal
10.56
10.56
11.20
10.58
10.64
11.21
12.34
12.87
12.88
13.23
15.21
16.02
17.28
19.22
26.76
33.86
36.94
43.49
52.55
64.60
73.70
90.03
104.09
79.10
67.18
73.69
76.53
51.05
66.96
67.61
67.49
83.05
67.82
72.56
86.60
84.60
95.74
115.09
157.79
182.99
181.83
271.63
284.17
345.94
327.91
429.92
479.33
1,132.09
1,213.81
All
Nominal
13.01
12.85
13.31
12.69
12.86
13.44
14.95
15.97
16.83
17.56
18.84
19.03
20.76
22.50
28.93
36.99
40.46
46.81
56.63
67.70
77.02
94.30
108.73
83.34
71.90
75.35
76.88
58.71
70.23
73.55
76.07
82.64
70.27
75.30
79.49
87.22
88.92
107.83
128.97
152.02
142.16
181.94
195.31
216.27
292.57
306.50
378.03
688.30
782.31
Real 5
R69.96
R68.33
R69.82
R65.87
R65.74
R67.47
R72.98
R75.63
R76.46
R76.02
R77.48
R74.53
R77.95
R80.04
R94.35
R110.21
R114.01
R124.00
R140.17
R154.70
R161.30
R180.56
R196.22
R144.68
R120.30
R122.37
R122.15
R90.65
R104.84
R105.80
R105.36
R110.54
R91.82
R96.26
R99.52
R106.97
R107.02
R127.53
R150.82
R175.20
R160.37
R200.71
R212.02
R229.83
R302.34
R306.50
R366.11
R648.03
721.14
Notes: The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in more
recent surveys. Average cost is the arithmetic mean and includes all costs for drilling and equipping
wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exploratory and development wells; excludes
service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in
Glossary.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.api.org/statistics/accessapi/surveys/index.cfm.
Source: American Petroleum Institute, 2008 Joint Association Survey on Drilling Costs (January 2010).
113
Figure 4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and
Exploration and Development Expenditures
Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2008
12
Billion Barrels COE
10
8
U.S. Total
6
4
2
-2
1974
Major U.S. Energy Companies-United States
Major U.S. Energy CompaniesForeign
1977
1980
1983
1986
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development

Expenditures, 1974-2008
1989
1992
Major U.S. Energy

CompaniesUnited States
40
20
Major U.S. Energy CompaniesForeign
0
1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
114
Crude oil equivalent.

Dollars per Barrel COE
Billion Dollars
80
2001
2004
2007
35
100
1998
Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions, 1975-2007

Three-Year Moving Average
120
60
1995
28
21
Major U.S. Energy
CompaniesUnited States
14
0
1975
Major U.S. Energy

CompaniesForeign
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table
3.14.
Source: Table 4.9.
Table 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,
and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2008
Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1
of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids
Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Exploration and Development Expenditures
Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions,

Three-Year Moving Average
Major U.S. Energy Companies 2

U.S. Total
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
United States
Million Barrels COE
NA
3,846
3,224
3,765
3,679
5,071
6,723
7,304
5,030
6,412
6,653
6,190
4,866
6,059
7,156
5,385
6,275
4,227
5,006
4,814
6,021
6,558
6,707
7,233
3,628
7,929
8,725
7,449
7,056
5,189
6,624
8,543
6,479
11,745
5,335
2,205
-634
1,663
2,210
2,383
1,378
2,590
2,848
2,482
3,427
3,941
73,129
2,178
73,698
3,359
2,798
2,979
1,772
1,332
1,945
2,703
2,929
2,131
1,367
2,798
1,197
4,392
4,271
2,232
2,216
2,825
3,818
2,175
3,560
1,848
Foreign
United States
Foreign
Billion Dollars
NA
NA
1,459
1,055
1,191
51,208
1,977
1,006
1,332
1,918
1,298
1,192
51,375
2,516
2,460
2,043
2,355
2,135
1,694
2,147
3,173
2,799
3,280
3,279
5,206
3,360
3,593
6,744
3,036
4,047
841
1,664
2,747
985
3,309
1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production.
See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas
Liquids" in Glossary.
2 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS) (see Table 3.14).
3 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See
Appendix A.
5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data
for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions.
6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated with
mergers among the FRS companies.
8.7
7.8
9.5
10.7
11.8
21.3
26.2
33.0
39.1
27.1
48.1
28.5
17.4
14.3
21.0
15.0
15.1
14.2
10.3
10.9
12.6
12.4
14.6
21.8
24.4
13.5
48.0
33.9
31.8
R27.4
R32.6
R46.8
R97.1
R64.9
97.9
United States
Foreign
4
Dollars per Barrel COE 3

3.8
5.3
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.8
11.0
12.4
14.2
10.7
17.3
10.1
7.5
9.2
13.0
14.1
13.6
13.7
12.9
12.5
11.9
13.2
16.6
17.9
26.4
17.5
28.8
35.9
31.4
28.2
25.3
47.3
59.2
42.7
50.3
NA
8.05
8.64
5.12
7.34
9.34
11.80
11.63
610.62
9.20
68.21
78.27
6.67
74.58
5.05
5.62
5.87
6.52
7.02
5.66
4.74
5.11
7.61
9.67
11.15
10.25
9.67
10.44
R10.67
R12.62
R12.05
R20.01
R21.86
R34.27
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.64
5.73
55.75
7.45
8.74
68.78
9.28
68.63
9.03
55.28
4.69
5.18
5.94
6.34
6.50
6.55
5.33
4.63
4.51
5.10
5.18
5.22
5.98
6.01
7.19
6.91
10.71
15.38
25.09
27.64
R21.62
NA
7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1,477 million barrels COE and 2,396 million
barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas reserves.
Sources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1997. 1977 forwardEIA,
Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. U.S. Total, Gross Additions to Proved
Reserves: 1975-1979American Gas Association, American Petroleum Institute, and Canadian
Petroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids, and Natural Gas in
the United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). 1980 forwardEIA,
U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports.
115
Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and
Development by Region
Total, 1974-2008
U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2008
U.S. Onshore and Offshore, 1977-2008
120
75
60
80
50
40
25
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Billion Dollars
80
Billion Dollars
100
Billion Dollars
160
United States
40
Onshore
20
Offshore
Foreign
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Region, 2008
120
97.9
Billion Dollars
90
60
30
14.2
6.4
8.4
Canada
Europe
4.5
3.2
9.6
4.1
0
United States
Eurasia
Includes all Europe except countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in Glossary.
3
Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Eurasia and Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in Glossary.
4
This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
2
116
Africa
Middle East
Other Eastern
Hemisphere4
Other Western
Hemisphere5
5
This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180
longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
See Table 3.14.
Source: Table 4.10.
Table 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development
by Region, 1974-2008 (Billion Dollars 1)
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Foreign
Onshore
Offshore
Total
Canada
NA
NA
NA
6.7
7.5
13.0
16.8
19.9
27.2
16.0
32.1
20.0
12.5
9.7
12.9
9.0
10.2
9.6
7.3
7.2
7.8
7.7
7.9
13.0
13.5
6.6
27.1
24.2
22.3
R14.9
R22.1
R35.5
R70.2
R50.8
76.4
NA
NA
NA
4.0
4.3
8.3
9.4
13.0
11.9
11.1
16.0
8.5
4.9
4.5
8.1
6.0
4.9
4.6
3.0
3.7
4.8
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.0
6.9
21.0
9.6
9.5
12.5
10.5
11.3
26.8
14.1
21.5
8.7
7.8
9.5
10.7
11.8
21.3
26.2
33.0
39.1
27.1
48.1
28.5
17.4
14.3
21.0
15.0
15.1
14.2
10.3
10.9
12.6
12.4
14.6
21.8
24.4
13.5
48.0
33.9
31.8
R27.4
R32.6
R46.8
R97.1
R64.9
97.9
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.3
3.1
1.8
1.9
1.6
5.4
1.9
1.1
1.9
5.4
6.3
1.8
1.7
1.1
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.0
4.8
2.1
4.9
15.3
6.7
4.9
5.3
9.1
17.0
5.8
6.4
Europe
NA
NA
NA
2.5
2.6
3.0
4.3
5.0
6.3
4.3
5.5
3.7
3.2
3.0
4.3
3.5
6.6
6.8
6.8
5.5
4.4
5.2
5.6
7.1
8.6
4.1
7.5
5.4
9.8
5.7
4.4
6.1
29.0
8.1
8.4
Eurasia
.3
.3
.4
.5
.6
1.3
.6
.9
.9
1.3
2.1
2.0
6.3
32.4
2.9
3.2
Through 2005, includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (the Federal Republic
of), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2006, includes all Europe except countries that were part of
the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
3 Through 2005, includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. as well as Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, and
Slovenia. Beginning in 2006, includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia"
and "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude and
that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
2
Africa
NA
NA
NA
.7
.8
.8
1.4
2.1
2.1
1.7
3.4
1.6
1.1
.8
.8
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.0
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.1
2.7
5.5
5.1
9.2
6.9
10.7
12.9
12.5
14.2
Middle
East
NA
NA
NA
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.5
.9
.3
.4
.4
.4
.6
.5
.6
.7
.4
.4
.5
.6
.9
.4
.6
.7
.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
3.1
3.2
4.5
Other
Eastern
Hemisphere 4
NA
NA
NA
.3
.4
.5
.8
1.9
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.3
1.2
2.8
1.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.8
2.4
4.1
3.0
3.9
3.4
6.8
5.0
6.2
4.2
3.8
12.0
6.6
6.8
9.6
Other
Western
Hemisphere 5
NA
NA
NA
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.3
1.1
.6
.5
.7
.6
.5
.7
.6
.7
.7
.6
.6
.7
.9
1.6
1.6
3.7
3.8
5.4
3.1
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.7
8.2
3.4
4.1
Total
Total
3.8
5.3
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.8
11.0
12.4
14.2
10.7
17.3
10.1
7.5
9.2
13.0
14.1
13.6
13.7
12.9
12.5
11.9
13.2
16.6
17.9
26.4
17.5
28.8
35.9
31.4
28.2
25.3
47.3
59.2
42.7
50.3
12.5
13.1
14.7
16.3
18.2
29.1
37.2
45.4
53.3
37.7
65.3
38.6
24.9
23.5
34.1
29.1
28.7
27.9
23.2
23.5
24.5
25.6
31.3
39.8
50.8
31.0
76.8
69.8
63.2
R55.6
R57.9
R94.1
R156.2
R107.6
148.2
5 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude and
that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. = Not applicable.
gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.14.
Sources: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Markets and End
Use, FRS Database, November 1997. 1977 forwardEIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy
Producers, annual reports.
117
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009

By Key State
By Region
350
135
Billion Short Tons
105
119
300
104
Billion Short Tons
120
90
75
62
60
45
32
29
30
27
250
200
157
150
16
12
50
12
0
Montana Illinois
Wyoming
West
Virginia
KenPenntucky sylvania
West and East of the Mississippi
Ohio
Colorado
Texas
Western
New Indiana
Mexico
By Mining Method
Interior
Appalachian
By Rank
350
350
300
300
300
350
250
250
333
259
200
150
100
200
155
150
100
Billion Short Tons
233
Billion Short Tons
255
250
Billion Short Tons
100
100
23
15
231
200
178
150
100
50
50
50
43
8
West of the
Mississippi
East of the
Mississippi
Underground
Surface
Source: Table 4.11.
118
Bituminous
Subbituminous
Lignite
Anthracite
Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009

(Billion Short Tons)
Anthracite
Region and State
Underground
Bituminous Coal
Surface
Subbituminous Coal
Underground
Surface
Underground
Surface
Lignite
Surface
Total
1
Underground
Surface
Total
Appalachian ..............................................
Alabama ...................................................
Kentucky, Eastern ....................................
Ohio ..........................................................
Pennsylvania ............................................
Virginia ......................................................
West Virginia ............................................
Other 2 ......................................................
4.0
.0
.0
.0
3.8
.1
.0
.0
3.4
.0
.0
.0
3.4
.0
.0
.0
69.0
.9
.9
17.4
19.1
.9
28.7
1.1
22.2
2.1
9.2
5.7
.9
.5
3.5
.3
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.1
1.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
73.0
.9
.9
17.4
22.9
1.0
28.7
1.1
26.6
3.2
9.2
5.7
4.2
.5
3.5
.3
99.6
4.1
10.1
23.2
27.1
1.6
32.2
1.4
Interior .......................................................
Illinois ........................................................
Indiana ......................................................
Iowa ..........................................................
Kentucky, Western ...................................
Missouri ....................................................
Oklahoma .................................................
Texas ........................................................
Other 3 ......................................................
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
116.9
87.8
8.7
1.7
15.7
1.5
1.2
.0
.3
27.2
16.5
.7
.5
3.6
4.5
.3
.0
1.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.2
0.4
117.0
87.8
8.7
1.7
15.7
1.5
1.2
.0
.4
39.8
16.5
.7
.5
3.6
4.5
.3
12.2
1.5
156.8
104.3
9.3
2.2
19.3
6.0
1.5
12.2
1.9
Western .....................................................
Alaska .......................................................
Colorado ...................................................
Montana ....................................................
New Mexico ..............................................
North Dakota ............................................
Utah ..........................................................
Washington ...............................................
Wyoming ...................................................
Other 4 ......................................................
(s)
.0
(s)
.0
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
21.3
.6
7.5
1.4
2.7
.0
5.0
.3
3.8
.0
2.3
.1
.6
.0
.9
.0
.3
.0
.5
.0
121.2
4.8
3.7
69.6
3.5
.0
(s)
1.0
38.6
(s)
57.1
.6
.0
32.4
5.0
.0
.0
.0
19.1
(s)
29.3
(s)
4.2
15.8
.0
8.9
.0
(s)
.0
.4
142.6
5.4
11.3
71.0
6.1
.0
5.0
1.3
42.5
(s)
88.6
.7
4.8
48.1
5.9
8.9
.3
.0
19.6
.4
231.2
6.1
16.0
119.1
12.0
8.9
5.2
1.3
62.1
.4
U.S. Total ...................................................

States East of the Mississippi River .........
States West of the Mississippi River ........
4.1
4.0
.1
3.4
3.4
.0
207.2
181.2
26.1
51.6
43.0
8.6
121.2
.0
121.2
57.1
.0
57.1
43.0
1.1
41.9
332.6
185.1
147.4
155.1
47.4
107.7
487.7
232.6
255.1
Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States.

Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee.
3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan.
4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.
(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons.
Notes: See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology
used to produce these data. Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzed
2
and on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in the ground as of January 1, 2009. These
coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability with current mining technologies ranges from
0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-four percent of the demonstrated reserve
base of coal in the United States is estimated to be recoverable. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves Database.
119
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2001 and 2004-2008
Holes Drilled, Selected Years

80
120
75
100
60
Thousands
Thousands
80
60
40
Exploration
Development
38
29
40
20
20
20
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Total Footage Drilled, 1949-2001 and 2004-2008
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
Footage Drilled, Selected Years
60
32
29
28
50
24
Million Feet
Million Feet
40
30
20
20
16
19
16
12
8
8
10
Exploration
Development
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1968
1978
Source: Table 4.12.
120
1988
1998
2008
Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Exploration 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Development 2
Total
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Thousands
Million Feet
Thousands
Million Feet
Thousands
Million Feet
NA
NA
NA
7.34
6.23
43.98
28.42
26.91
22.56
27.40
34.29
40.41
62.60
75.07
60.46
39.61
17.75
6.97
4.29
4.80
2.88
1.99
1.82
2.03
2.09
1.51
1.62
.94
.36
.52
.58
1.12
1.94
1.37
.27
W
.00
W
NA
W
W
1.47
4.35
5.20
0.36
.57
5.27
1.40
1.16
17.98
11.40
11.82
10.83
14.72
15.69
20.36
27.96
28.95
28.07
19.60
10.87
4.23
2.09
2.26
1.42
1.10
1.11
1.28
1.43
.87
.97
.56
.22
.34
.40
.88
1.33
.89
.18
W
.00
W
NA
W
W
.82
2.20
2.54
NA
NA
NA
24.40
7.33
14.87
10.44
9.71
11.70
12.30
21.60
27.23
30.86
29.29
30.19
20.19
8.67
3.00
3.01
.72
.77
1.85
1.99
3.18
1.75
1.91
1.57
.83
1.67
.48
1.73
3.58
5.86
5.23
2.91
W
1.02
W
NA
W
W
3.43
5.00
4.16
0.05
.21
.76
4.21
.95
5.55
4.05
3.61
5.59
6.84
9.73
14.44
17.62
19.15
13.01
8.59
3.35
1.13
1.08
.29
.34
.97
.86
1.73
.80
.81
.87
.50
.89
.32
.95
2.16
3.56
3.75
2.33
W
.66
W
NA
W
W
1.89
2.95
2.55
NA
NA
NA
31.73
13.56
58.85
38.86
36.62
34.26
39.70
55.89
67.64
93.45
104.35
90.65
59.80
26.42
9.97
7.30
5.52
3.65
3.83
3.81
5.21
3.84
3.42
3.20
1.77
2.02
1.00
2.31
4.70
7.79
6.60
3.18
1.55
1.02
W
W
2.19
3.14
4.90
9.35
9.36
0.41
.78
6.03
5.61
2.11
23.53
15.45
15.42
16.42
21.56
25.42
34.80
45.58
48.10
41.08
28.19
14.22
5.36
3.17
2.55
1.76
2.07
1.97
3.01
2.23
1.68
1.84
1.06
1.11
.66
1.35
3.05
4.88
4.64
2.50
1.02
.66
W
W
1.25
1.67
2.71
5.15
5.09
1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at
the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justify
commercial exploitation.
2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and
configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.
NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Notes: Data for 2009 were not available in time for this publication. For data updates, see
http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
Sources: 1949-1981U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office, Statistical Data of the
Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (1983), Table VIII-5. 1982-2002U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. 2003 forwardEIA,
"Domestic Uranium Production Report" (May 2009).
121
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

Reserves
Reserves and Resources
500
446
Forward-Cost Category
(dollars per pound)
390
Reserves
Estimated Additional Resources
Speculative Resources
4.9
4
Billion Pounds Uranium Oxide
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide
400
$50 or Less
$100 or Less
300
220
198
200
179
154
3.5
3.3
3
2.2
2
1.2
100
1
63
40
50
0.5
27
0
Wyoming
New
Mexico
Arizona,
Colorado,
Utah
Texas
Others
122
$100 or Less
Forward-Cost Category
(dollars per pound)
Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Virginia, and Washington.
2
$50 or Less
Notes: See Uranium Oxide in Glossary. Data are at end of year.

Source: Table 4.13.
Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

(Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)
Forward-Cost 1 Category (dollars 2 per pound)
Resource Category and State
$50 or Less
Reserves 3 ..........................................................................................................................
Wyoming .........................................................................................................................
New Mexico ....................................................................................................................
Arizona, Colorado, Utah .................................................................................................
Texas ..............................................................................................................................
Others 4 ..........................................................................................................................
$100 or Less
539
220
179
63
27
50
1,227
446
390
198
40
154
Estimated Additional Resources ........................................................................................
3,310
4,850
Speculative Resources ......................................................................................................
2,230
3,480
Potential Resources 5
1 Forward costs include the costs for power and fuel, labor, materials, insurance, severance and ad
valorem taxes, and applicable administrative costs. Past capital costs are considered "sunk" costs and
mining of the individual deposits may or may not return such costs to investors. Sunk costs for such items
as exploration and land acquisition are excluded as are the costs for income taxes, profit, and the cost of
money. The forward costs used to estimate U.S. uranium ore reserves are independent of the price at
which uranium produced from the estimated reserves might be sold in the commercial market. Resource
values in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includes
all reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category.
3 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the
internationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR).
4 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia,
and Washington.
5 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimates for each forward-cost category, rounded
to the nearest million pounds uranium oxide.
Notes: Estimates are at end of year. See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. For updates, see
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
Sources: Reserves: EIA, U.S. Uranium Reserves Estimates (July 2010), Table 1. Potential
Resources: EIA estimates based on uranium resources data developed under the National Uranium
Resource Evaluation program and U.S. Geological Survey Uranium Resource Assessment Project using
methodology described in Uranium Resource Assessment by the Geological Survey: Methodology and
Plan to Update the National Resource Base, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 994 (1987).
123
5
Petroleum
Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2009

(Million Barrels per Day)
Unfinished oils, hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, and motor gasoline

and aviation gasoline blending components.
2
Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production (0.75), net imports (1.34) and adjustments
(-0.03) minus stock change (0.06) and product supplied (-0.08).
3
Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.
4
Production minus refinery input.

Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a-5.13d, 5.16, and Petroleum Supply Monthly,
February 2010, Table 4.
127
Figure 5.1
Petroleum Overview
Overview, 1949-2009
Overview, 2009
25
20
18.7
Consumption
20
15
Production
10
15
11.7
10
7.2
5
2.0
Net Imports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Production
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 1949-2009
Imports
Exports
Consumption
Trade, 1949-2009
10
12
Crude Oil
Peak: 9.64
in 1970
5.31 in
2009
8
9
Peak: 10.13
in 2005
Crude Oil Imports
Product Imports
Exports
0
1950
1
2
128
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Production 1
Trade
Crude Oil 2
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
48 States 3
Alaska
Total
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids 4
5,046
5,407
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
9,245
9,242
9,010
8,581
8,183
7,958
7,781
7,478
7,151
6,980
6,962
6,953
6,974
7,157
7,146
6,814
6,387
6,123
5,739
5,582
5,618
5,457
5,264
5,103
5,076
5,071
5,156
5,077
4,832
4,851
4,839
4,761
4,706
4,510
4,314
4,361
4,342
R4,268
4,665
0
0
0
2
30
229
218
199
198
193
191
173
464
1,229
1,401
1,617
1,609
1,696
1,714
1,722
1,825
1,867
1,962
2,017
1,874
1,773
1,798
1,714
1,582
1,559
1,484
1,393
1,296
1,175
1,050
970
963
984
974
908
864
741
722
683
645
5,046
5,407
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
9,463
9,441
9,208
8,774
8,375
8,132
8,245
8,707
8,552
8,597
8,572
8,649
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
R4,950
5,310
430
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,693
1,744
1,738
1,688
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
R1,784
1,886
Total
5,477
5,906
7,578
7,965
9,014
11,297
11,155
11,185
10,946
10,462
10,007
9,736
9,862
10,275
10,135
10,170
10,180
10,199
10,246
10,509
10,581
10,231
9,944
9,765
9,159
8,914
9,076
8,868
8,582
8,388
8,322
8,295
8,269
8,011
7,731
7,733
7,670
7,626
7,400
7,228
6,895
6,841
6,847
R6,734
7,196
Renewable
Fuels
and
Oxygenates 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
735
1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and
a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what
was previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending
components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments."
3 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
4 See Table 5.10.
5 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.
6 Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8.
7 Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.
9 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includes
crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast
Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.
Processing
Gain 6
-2
2
34
146
220
359
382
388
453
480
460
477
524
496
527
597
508
531
488
553
557
616
639
655
661
683
715
772
766
768
774
837
850
886
886
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
R993
981
Imports 7
Exports
Net
Imports 8
645
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
3,926
4,741
6,256
6,112
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
R12,915
11,726
327
305
368
202
187
259
224
222
231
221
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
R1,802
2,026
318
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
3,701
4,519
6,025
5,892
5,846
7,090
8,565
8,002
7,985
6,365
5,401
4,298
4,312
4,715
4,286
5,439
5,914
6,587
7,202
7,161
6,626
6,938
7,618
8,054
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
R11,114
9,700
Stock
Change 9
Adjustments 10
-8
-56
(s)
-83
-8
103
71
-232
135
179
32
-58
548
-94
173
140
160
-147
-20
280
-103
202
41
-28
-43
107
-10
-68
151
15
-246
-151
143
239
-422
-69
325
-105
56
209
145
60
-148
R195
112
-38
-51
-37
-8
-10
-16
45
43
18
-2
41
101
28
-20
38
64
129
121
165
228
200
197
209
249
260
338
287
386
422
523
496
528
487
495
567
532
501
527
478
564
513
522
653
R852
186
Petroleum
Products
Supplied
5,763
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
15,212
16,367
17,308
16,653
16,322
17,461
18,431
18,847
18,513
17,056
16,058
15,296
15,231
15,726
15,726
16,281
16,665
17,283
17,325
16,988
16,714
17,033
17,237
17,718
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
R19,498
18,686
10 An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, fuel
ethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, Appendix B, Note 3.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500
barrels per day.
Notes: See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," and Note 2,
"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:
For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual
reports. 2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2010).
129
Figure 5.2
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2009
By Geographic Location
By Site
10
10
Alaska
48 States
Total
Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)
0
1960
1970
1980
48 States and Alaska
1990
2000
800
48 States
2009: 526
thousand
wells
400
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.
1980
1990
2000
Peak: 18.6 in 1972
20
1985: 647 thousand wells
200
Alaska
1970
Average Productivity
600
Thousand Wells
1960
Number of Producing Wells
10
130
Onshore
Offshore
Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)
Total
15
10.1
in 2009
10
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Source: Table 5.2.
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2009
Geographic Location
48 States 2
Alaska
Site
Onshore
Offshore
Crude Oil
6,342
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
8,183
7,958
7,781
7,478
7,151
6,980
6,962
6,953
6,974
7,157
7,146
6,814
6,387
6,123
5,739
5,582
5,618
5,457
5,264
5,103
5,076
5,071
5,156
5,077
4,832
4,851
4,839
4,761
4,706
4,510
4,314
4,361
4,342
R4,268
P4,665
0
0
2
30
229
191
173
464
1,229
1,401
1,617
1,609
1,696
1,714
1,722
1,825
1,867
1,962
2,017
1,874
1,773
1,798
1,714
1,582
1,559
1,484
1,393
1,296
1,175
1,050
970
963
984
974
908
864
741
722
683
P645
6,209
6,645
6,716
7,140
8,060
7,012
6,868
7,069
7,571
7,485
7,562
7,537
7,538
7,492
7,596
7,722
7,426
7,153
6,949
6,486
6,273
6,245
5,953
5,606
5,291
5,035
4,902
4,803
4,560
4,132
4,049
3,879
3,743
3,668
3,536
3,466
3,401
3,407
R3,580
E3,442
133
162
319
665
1,577
1,362
1,264
1,176
1,136
1,067
1,034
1,034
1,110
1,196
1,283
1,250
1,254
1,196
1,191
1,127
1,082
1,172
1,218
1,241
1,370
1,525
1,562
1,648
1,692
1,750
1,773
1,923
2,003
2,012
1,883
1,712
1,701
1,657
1,371
E1,868
6,342
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,180
8,007
7,776
7,875
8,353
8,181
8,210
8,176
8,261
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
R4,950
P5,310

As of December 31.
4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in
1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.
5 Included in "Crude Oil."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related infomation.
Sources: Onshore: 1954-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement
(PS), Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports.
2009EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil
2
3
Lease Condensate
Total
Production
Thousand Barrels per Day
Year
1954
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Crude Oil Well 1 Productivity
Type
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
457
367
356
370
355
371
386
395
387
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
6,342
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
8,375
8,132
8,245
8,707
8,552
8,597
8,572
8,649
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
R4,950
P5,310
Producing Wells 3
Average Productivity 4
Thousands
511
524
591
589
531
500
499
507
517
531
548
557
580
603
621
647
623
620
612
603
602
614
594
584
582
574
574
573
562
546
534
530
529
513
510
498
497
500
R526
526
12.4
13.0
11.9
13.2
18.1
16.8
16.3
16.3
16.8
16.1
15.7
15.4
14.9
14.4
14.3
13.9
13.9
13.5
13.3
12.6
12.2
12.1
12.1
11.7
11.4
11.4
11.3
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.9
10.9
10.9
11.1
10.6
10.4
10.3
10.1
9.4
10.1
production data reported by State conservation agencies. Offshore: 1954-1969U.S. Geological

Survey, Outer Continental Shelf Statistics (June 1979). 1970-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry
Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual
reports. 1981-2008EIA, PSA, annual reports. 2009EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182,
"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil production data reported by State conservation
agencies. Producing Wells: 1954-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products" chapter. 1976-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports.
1981-1994Independent Petroleum Association of America, The Oil Producing Industry in Your State.
1995 forwardGulf Publishing Co., World Oil, February issues. All Other Data: 1954-1975Bureau
of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports,
PS, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2008EIA, PSA, annual reports. 2009EIA, Petroleum Supply
Monthly (February 2010).
131
Figure 5.3
Petroleum Imports by Type
Total, 1949-2009
By Selected Product, 1949-2009

2.0
15
10
Crude
Oil
5
Petroleum
Products
Total
1.5
Residual
Fuel Oil
Motor Gasoline,
Including Blending
Components
1.0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
0.5
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Product, 2009
800
718
668
600
400
343
224
222
200
221
168
82
20
0
Motor Gasoline
Blending
Components
1
Unfinished Oils
Residual
Fuel Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil

Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and
oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Motor
Gasoline
LPG
Source: Table 5.3.
132
Jet Fuel
Asphalt and
Road Oil
Other Products
Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Petroleum Products
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
Crude
Oil 1,2
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
421
487
782
1,015
1,238
1,324
1,681
2,216
3,244
3,477
4,105
5,287
6,615
6,356
6,519
5,263
4,396
3,488
3,329
3,426
3,201
4,178
4,674
5,107
5,843
5,894
5,782
6,083
6,787
7,063
7,230
7,508
8,225
8,706
8,731
9,071
9,328
9,140
9,665
10,088
10,126
10,118
10,031
R9,783
9,060
Asphalt and
Road Oil
3
5
9
17
17
17
20
25
23
31
14
11
4
2
4
4
4
5
7
18
35
29
36
31
31
32
28
27
32
37
36
27
32
28
34
28
26
27
12
43
43
50
40
R25
20
Distillate
Fuel Oil
5
7
12
35
36
147
153
182
392
289
155
146
250
173
193
142
173
93
174
272
200
247
255
302
306
278
205
216
184
203
193
230
228
210
250
295
344
267
333
325
329
365
304
R213
224
Jet
Fuel 3
(3)
(3)
(3)
34
81
144
180
194
212
163
133
76
75
86
78
80
38
29
29
62
39
57
67
90
106
108
67
82
100
117
106
111
91
124
128
162
148
107
109
127
190
186
217
R103
82
Propane
0
0
0
NA
NA
26
32
43
71
59
60
68
86
57
88
69
70
63
44
67
67
110
88
106
111
115
91
85
103
124
102
119
113
137
122
161
140
145
168
209
233
228
182
R185
142
Total
Motor
Gasoline 5
0
0
0
4
21
52
70
89
132
123
112
130
161
123
217
216
244
226
190
195
187
242
190
209
181
188
147
131
160
183
146
166
169
194
182
215
206
183
225
263
328
332
247
R253
168
0
(s)
13
27
28
67
59
68
134
204
184
131
217
190
181
140
157
197
247
299
381
326
384
405
369
342
297
294
247
356
265
336
309
311
382
427
454
498
518
496
603
475
413
R302
222

Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.
Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Other Products."
4 Includes propylene.
5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, also
includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blending
components.
6 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical
feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and
2
3
Motor Gasoline
Blending
Components
0
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
24
42
47
83
67
72
60
57
66
62
36
41
27
20
48
166
200
209
217
223
298
311
367
451
510
669
753
R789
718
Residual
Fuel Oil
206
329
417
637
946
1,528
1,583
1,742
1,853
1,587
1,223
1,413
1,359
1,355
1,151
939
800
776
699
681
510
669
565
644
629
504
453
375
373
314
187
248
194
275
237
352
295
249
327
426
530
350
372
R349
343
Unfinished
Oils
10
21
15
45
92
108
124
125
137
121
36
32
31
27
59
55
112
174
234
231
318
250
299
360
348
413
413
443
491
413
349
367
353
302
317
274
378
410
335
490
582
689
717
763
668
Other
Products 6
Total
0
1
0
(s)
10
32
56
101
129
117
95
87
95
50
54
72
48
84
94
171
130
153
146
196
183
198
198
195
219
291
276
319
360
350
375
414
393
337
373
436
473
473
375
R337
221
224
363
466
799
1,229
2,095
2,245
2,525
3,012
2,635
1,951
2,026
2,193
2,008
1,937
1,646
1,599
1,625
1,722
2,011
1,866
2,045
2,004
2,295
2,217
2,123
1,844
1,805
1,833
1,933
1,605
1,971
1,936
2,002
2,122
2,389
2,543
2,390
2,599
3,057
3,588
3,589
3,437
R3,132
2,665
Total
Petroleum
645
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
3,926
4,741
6,256
6,112
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
R12,915
11,726
special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

7 Included in "Motor Gasoline."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: Includes imports from U.S. possessions and territories. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages:

133
Figure 5.4
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin
Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2009
Selected Countries, 2009
15
2.8
2.5
2.4
Total
Non-OPEC
6
OPEC
12
2.0
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0
1960
0.3
0.2
Brazil
United
Kingdom
0.0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2009
Canada Mexico
Venezuela
Saudi Nigeria Russia

Arabia
Iraq
Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2009

3.0
2.0
1.0
Saudi Arabia
Nigeria
Venezuela
0.5
0.0
1960
Iraq
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
134
2.5
1.5
2000
2005
2.0
Canada
1.5
Mexico
1.0
United Kingdom
0.5
0.0
1960
Russia
1965
1970
1975
Source: Table 5.4.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009

Selected OPEC 1 Countries
Persian
Gulf 2
Iraq
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
Venezuela
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Total
OPEC 4
Brazil
Canada
Mexico
Russia 5
United
Kingdom
Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
Imports
Imports From Imports From

Persian Gulf 2
OPEC 1
as Share of
as Share of
Total Imports Total Imports

NA
346
272
303
315
345
306
198
202
179
121
299
471
848
1,039
1,165
1,840
2,448
2,219
2,069
1,519
1,219
696
442
506
311
912
1,077
1,541
1,861
1,966
1,845
1,778
1,782
1,728
1,573
1,604
1,755
2,136
2,464
2,488
2,761
2,269
2,501
2,493
2,334
2,211
2,163
R2,370
1,701
22
25
2
1
0
16
26
5
0
0
0
11
4
4
0
2
26
74
62
88
28
(s)
3
10
12
46
81
83
345
449
518
0
0
0
0
0
1
89
336
725
620
795
459
481
656
531
553
484
627
450
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
102
251
459
713
762
1,025
1,143
919
1,080
857
620
514
302
216
293
440
535
618
815
800
703
681
740
637
627
617
698
696
657
896
885
621
867
1,140
1,166
1,114
1,134
R988
804
84
73
74
108
131
158
147
92
74
65
30
128
190
486
461
715
1,230
1,380
1,144
1,356
1,261
1,129
552
337
325
168
685
751
1,073
1,224
1,339
1,802
1,720
1,414
1,402
1,344
1,363
1,407
1,491
1,478
1,572
1,662
1,552
1,774
1,558
1,537
1,463
1,485
R1,529
1,012
911
879
906
900
933
994
1,018
938
886
875
989
1,020
959
1,135
979
702
700
690
646
690
481
406
412
422
548
605
793
804
794
873
1,025
1,035
1,170
1,300
1,334
1,480
1,676
1,773
1,719
1,493
1,546
1,553
1,398
1,376
1,554
1,529
1,419
1,361
R1,189
1,078
1,233
1,224
1,265
1,282
1,352
1,439
1,444
1,247
1,287
1,286
1,294
1,673
2,046
2,993
3,256
3,601
5,066
6,193
5,751
5,637
4,300
3,323
2,146
1,862
2,049
1,830
2,837
3,060
3,520
4,140
4,296
4,092
4,092
4,273
4,247
4,002
4,211
4,569
4,905
4,953
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
R5,954
4,786
1
7
5
6
1
0
0
2
(s)
0
2
3
5
9
2
5
0
0
0
1
3
23
47
41
60
61
50
84
98
82
49
22
20
33
31
8
9
5
26
26
51
82
116
108
104
156
193
200
258
307
Percent
120
190
250
265
299
323
384
450
506
608
766
857
1,108
1,325
1,070
846
599
517
467
538
455
447
482
547
630
770
807
848
999
931
934
1,033
1,069
1,181
1,272
1,332
1,424
1,563
1,598
1,539
1,807
1,828
1,971
2,072
2,138
2,181
2,353
2,455
R2,493
2,464
See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.

Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports
from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the
Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in
1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes United
Arab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for
1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November
2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes
Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"
are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See
16
40
49
48
47
48
45
49
45
43
42
27
21
16
8
71
87
179
318
439
533
522
685
826
748
816
699
655
747
767
755
807
830
919
984
1,068
1,244
1,385
1,351
1,324
1,373
1,440
1,547
1,623
1,665
1,662
1,705
1,532
R1,302
1,234
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
8
26
20
14
11
12
8
1
1
5
1
1
13
8
18
11
29
48
45
29
18
55
30
25
25
13
24
89
72
90
210
254
298
410
369
414
R465
554
(s)
1
2
3
(s)
(s)
6
11
28
20
11
10
9
15
8
14
31
126
180
202
176
375
456
382
402
310
350
352
315
215
189
138
230
350
458
383
308
226
250
365
366
324
478
440
380
396
272
277
R236
245
581
693
816
840
907
1,029
1,129
1,290
1,553
1,879
2,126
2,253
2,695
3,263
2,856
2,454
2,247
2,614
2,612
2,819
2,609
2,672
2,968
3,189
3,388
3,237
3,387
3,617
3,882
3,921
3,721
3,535
3,796
4,347
4,749
4,833
5,267
5,593
5,803
5,899
6,257
6,343
6,925
7,103
7,444
8,127
8,190
7,489
R6,961
6,939
1,815
1,917
2,082
2,123
2,259
2,468
2,573
2,537
2,840
3,166
3,419
3,926
4,741
6,256
6,112
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
R12,915
11,726
NA
18.0
13.0
14.3
13.9
14.0
11.9
7.8
7.1
5.7
3.5
7.6
9.9
13.6
17.0
19.2
25.2
27.8
26.5
24.5
22.0
20.3
13.6
8.8
9.3
6.1
14.7
16.1
20.8
23.1
24.5
24.2
22.5
20.7
19.2
17.8
16.9
17.3
19.9
22.7
21.7
23.3
19.7
20.4
19.0
17.0
16.1
16.1
18.4
14.5
68.0
63.8
60.8
60.4
59.8
58.3
56.1
49.2
45.3
40.6
37.8
42.6
43.2
47.8
53.3
59.5
69.3
70.3
68.8
66.7
62.2
55.4
42.0
36.9
37.7
36.1
45.6
45.8
47.6
51.4
53.6
53.7
51.9
49.6
47.2
45.3
44.4
45.0
45.8
45.6
45.4
46.6
39.9
42.1
43.4
40.7
40.2
44.4
R46.1
40.8
"U.S.S.R." in Glossary.
6 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
Notes: The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the
crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from
refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. Data include any
imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related information.
Sources: 1960-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products" chapter. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,
P.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual,
annual reports. 2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2010).
135
Figure 5.5
Petroleum Exports by Type
Total, 1949-2009

700
2,500
Total
1,500
1,000
Products
500
600
2,000
Distillate
Fuel Oil
500
400
Petroleum
Coke
300
Residual
Fuel Oil
200
100
Motor
Gasoline
Crude Oil
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Product, 2009
700
600
587
500
415
400
391
300
195
200
145
100
100
69
57
22
0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1
Residual
Fuel Oil
Petroleum
Coke
Motor
Gasoline

Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,
pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
136
LPG
Jet Fuel
Source: Table 5.5.
Lubricants
Special
Naphthas
Other Products
Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Petroleum Products
Year
Crude
Oil 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
91
95
32
8
3
14
1
1
2
3
6
8
50
158
235
287
228
236
164
181
204
154
151
155
142
109
116
89
98
99
95
110
108
110
118
50
20
9
12
27
32
25
27
29
44
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 2
34
35
67
27
10
2
8
3
9
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
5
74
64
51
67
100
66
69
97
109
215
219
274
234
183
190
152
124
162
173
119
112
107
110
138
215
268
R528
587
(2)
(2)
(s)
(s)
3
6
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
6
6
9
13
18
24
28
27
43
43
43
59
20
26
48
35
26
32
32
29
15
20
40
53
41
41
61
69
Propane 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
13
18
15
14
13
13
10
9
8
10
18
31
43
30
48
28
24
31
24
28
28
33
26
24
38
28
32
25
33
53
31
55
37
28
37
45
42
53
85
Total
4
4
12
8
21
27
26
31
27
25
26
25
18
20
15
21
42
65
73
48
62
42
38
49
35
40
41
49
43
38
58
51
50
42
50
74
44
67
56
43
53
56
57
67
100
Lubricants
35
39
39
43
45
44
43
41
35
33
25
26
26
27
23
23
19
16
16
15
15
23
23
26
19
20
18
16
19
22
25
34
31
25
28
26
26
33
37
41
40
55
59
60
57
Motor
Gasoline 4
108
68
95
37
2
1
1
1
4
2
2
3
2
1
(s)
1
2
20
10
6
10
33
35
22
39
55
82
96
105
97
104
104
137
125
111
144
133
124
125
124
136
142
127
172
195

Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,
kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other
Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."
4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline.
5 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other
hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type
jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type
jet fuel.
2
Petroleum
Coke
7
7
12
19
32
84
74
85
96
113
102
103
102
111
146
136
138
156
195
193
187
238
213
231
233
220
235
216
258
261
277
285
306
267
242
319
336
337
361
350
347
366
366
R377
391
Petrochemical
Feedstocks
Residual
Fuel Oil
0
0
0
0
5
10
14
13
19
15
22
30
24
23
31
29
26
24
20
21
19
22
20
23
26
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
44
93
51
41
54
36
33
23
14
15
12
6
13
9
33
118
209
185
190
197
147
186
200
215
211
226
193
123
125
136
102
120
138
129
139
191
177
197
205
251
283
330
355
415
Special
Naphthas
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
4
4
4
5
4
3
7
4
2
5
5
11
5
3
2
1
1
2
7
12
11
15
14
4
20
21
21
22
18
16
20
23
15
22
27
21
14
18
13
22
Other
Products 5
Total
Total
Petroleum
15
12
18
9
20
12
12
8
8
7
6
6
7
2
3
4
4
4
3
6
4
8
7
6
15
13
9
16
20
26
25
36
44
70
52
64
50
94
89
82
94
121
140
R139
145
236
210
336
193
184
245
223
222
229
218
204
215
193
204
236
258
367
579
575
541
577
631
613
661
717
748
885
861
904
843
855
871
896
835
822
990
951
975
1,014
1,021
1,133
1,292
1,405
R1,773
1,982
327
305
368
202
187
259
224
222
231
221
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
R1,802
2,026
Notes: Includes exports to U.S. possessions and territories. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages:

137
Figure 5.6
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination
Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2009
By Selected Country, 1960-2009

400
2,000
2,500
Total Exports
1,500
1,000
500
Mexico
300
200
Canada
Japan
100
Exports to
Canada and Mexico
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
1960
Netherlands
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Selected Country, 2009

350
322
300
250
223
192
200
150
100
59
50
55
40
35
34
33
29
23
United
Kingdom
Belgium
and
Luxembourg
South
Korea
20
0
Mexico
Canada
Netherlands
Japan
Brazil
Spain
Italy
France
Source: Table 5.6.
138
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009

Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Belgium
and
Luxembourg
3
4
3
9
4
3
3
5
4
4
5
7
13
15
13
9
12
16
15
19
20
12
17
22
21
26
30
17
25
23
20
22
22
21
26
21
27
21
14
11
14
16
19
13
20
21
23
13
18
29
Brazil
4
4
5
4
4
3
4
6
8
7
7
9
9
8
9
6
7
6
8
7
4
1
8
2
1
3
3
2
3
5
2
13
20
16
15
16
29
15
18
27
28
23
26
27
27
39
42
46
R54
55
Canada
34
23
21
22
27
26
32
50
39
44
31
26
26
31
32
22
28
71
108
100
108
89
85
76
83
74
85
83
84
92
91
70
64
72
78
73
94
119
148
119
110
112
106
141
158
181
159
189
264
223
France
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
4
6
6
9
9
13
11
15
24
23
18
11
11
12
12
11
17
27
9
8
11
11
18
11
8
7
10
13
12
9
18
14
13
24
R27
34
Italy
Japan
6
5
5
8
8
7
7
9
8
9
10
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
15
14
22
32
35
39
30
39
42
29
37
48
55
38
34
35
46
32
30
30
25
34
33
29
39
32
28
39
34
41
35
62
59
54
58
56
40
36
51
56
47
69
39
32
34
38
27
25
25
26
34
32
38
68
104
92
108
110
120
124
122
92
95
100
105
74
76
102
95
64
84
90
62
74
69
63
56
58
54
R54
59
Mexico
18
12
14
19
24
27
39
36
31
33
33
42
41
44
35
42
35
24
27
21
28
26
53
24
35
61
56
70
70
89
89
99
124
110
124
125
143
207
235
261
358
274
254
228
209
268
255
279
R333
322

Netherlands
6
4
5
13
9
10
9
13
10
9
15
11
12
13
17
23
22
17
18
28
23
42
85
49
37
44
58
39
26
36
54
72
52
45
30
33
43
41
33
38
42
45
23
15
36
25
83
81
131
192
South
Korea
Spain
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
10
28
15
17
27
12
25
24
17
60
66
80
74
66
57
60
50
33
49
20
14
11
10
12
16
21
16
R18
23
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
9
8
18
24
34
29
28
39
31
36
28
33
23
21
30
30
38
34
42
30
26
40
51
54
39
42
35
42
48
R54
40
United
Kingdom
12
10
8
11
10
12
12
62
14
13
12
9
10
9
6
7
13
9
7
7
7
5
14
8
14
14
8
6
9
9
11
13
12
10
10
14
9
12
11
9
10
13
12
6
14
21
28
9
17
33
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
7
2
2
2
3
4
3
6
12
22
11
86
170
220
220
212
144
152
162
113
136
147
141
101
117
95
108
104
123
72
18
4
8
10
4
9
9
10
11
10
10
13
20
Other
Total
52
48
50
59
55
54
49
65
55
59
71
67
59
56
48
40
39
39
42
45
70
97
165
202
182
193
222
179
226
249
240
330
315
370
338
317
318
340
317
276
277
312
354
421
408
449
543
629
R777
961
202
174
168
208
202
187
198
307
231
233
259
224
222
231
221
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
R1,802
2,026
139
Figure 5.7
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009
Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC
By Selected Country
4
14
Total
10
8
NonOPEC
6
4
OPEC
12
Canada
and Mexico
Saudi Arabia
Venezuela
2
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
Total Net Imports as Share of Consumption
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Net Imports From OPEC
100
100
75
75
Share of
Total Net Imports
2009:
48.3%
Percent
Percent
2009: 51.9%
50
1973: 34.8%
25
50
Share of
Consumption
25
1985: 27.3%
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
2009:
25.1%
1995
140
2005
2000
2005
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
Source: Table 5.7.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2009
Persian
Gulf 2
Algeria
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
Venezuela
Year
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2

Total
OPEC 4
Canada
Mexico
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
Net Imports From OPEC 1

Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
Net
Imports
Total Net
Imports as
Share of
Consumption 5

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,215
692
439
502
309
909
1,074
1,529
1,858
1,962
1,833
1,773
1,774
1,723
1,563
1,596
1,747
2,132
2,459
2,483
2,758
2,265
2,497
2,489
2,330
2,208
2,159
R2,368
1,690
(8)
(8)
8
15
92
136
190
282
432
559
649
636
488
311
170
240
323
187
271
295
300
269
280
253
196
219
243
234
256
285
290
259
225
278
264
381
452
478
657
663
R548
485
(9)
(9)
(9)
102
251
459
713
762
1,025
1,143
919
1,080
857
620
512
299
215
293
440
535
618
815
800
703
680
736
637
626
616
693
693
655
896
884
620
866
1,139
1,165
1,111
1,133
R982
793
84
158
30
128
189
485
461
714
1,229
1,379
1,142
1,354
1,259
1,128
551
336
324
167
685
751
1,064
1,224
1,339
1,796
1,720
1,413
1,402
1,343
1,362
1,407
1,491
1,478
1,571
1,662
1,551
1,774
1,557
1,536
1,462
1,483
R1,529
1,011
910
994
989
1,019
959
1,134
978
702
699
689
644
688
478
403
409
420
544
602
788
801
790
861
1,016
1,020
1,161
1,296
1,322
1,468
1,667
1,758
1,700
1,480
1,530
1,540
1,387
1,364
1,548
1,515
1,392
1,339
R1,162
1,052
1,232
1,438
1,294
1,671
2,044
2,991
3,254
3,599
5,063
6,190
5,747
5,633
4,293
3,315
2,136
1,843
2,037
1,821
2,828
3,055
3,513
4,124
4,285
4,065
4,071
4,253
4,233
3,980
4,193
4,542
4,880
4,934
5,181
5,510
4,589
5,144
5,688
5,567
5,480
5,946
R5,899
4,686
86
297
736
831
1,082
1,294
1,038
824
571
446
359
438
347
358
397
471
547
696
721
765
916
839
843
963
1,005
1,109
1,194
1,260
1,330
1,444
1,451
1,421
1,697
1,717
1,864
1,932
1,980
2,001
2,194
2,266
R2,229
2,241
-2
21
9
-14
-20
-28
-27
29
53
155
291
418
506
497
632
802
714
755
642
585
677
678
666
707
706
809
860
943
1,101
1,178
1,116
1,063
1,015
1,166
1,292
1,395
1,456
1,394
1,450
1,254
R969
912

Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone
(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports
from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the
Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in
1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes United
Arab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for
1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November
2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes
Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"
are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied
(consumption).
6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports.
7 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum product
Share of
Total Net
Imports 6
Share of
Consumption 7
Percent
-12
-11
-1
1
-1
6
1
7
19
117
173
196
169
370
442
374
388
295
342
346
306
206
179
125
219
340
448
369
299
214
239
356
356
311
467
434
366
375
244
268
R219
211
34
45
270
365
428
426
475
484
488
560
436
353
256
169
154
178
184
114
152
158
117
212
213
153
180
175
246
170
262
298
305
284
297
268
224
279
321
317
318
336
307
257
381
843
1,867
2,030
2,475
3,034
2,638
2,248
2,027
2,375
2,255
2,352
2,071
2,086
2,163
2,469
2,679
2,465
2,611
2,859
3,074
3,078
2,876
2,561
2,867
3,365
3,822
3,906
4,305
4,616
4,884
4,978
5,238
5,390
5,958
6,094
6,409
6,982
6,910
6,090
R5,214
5,014
1,613
2,281
3,161
3,701
4,519
6,025
5,892
5,846
7,090
8,565
8,002
7,985
6,365
5,401
4,298
4,312
4,715
4,286
5,439
5,914
6,587
7,202
7,161
6,626
6,938
7,618
8,054
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
R11,114
9,700
16.5
19.8
21.5
24.3
27.6
34.8
35.4
35.8
40.6
46.5
42.5
43.1
37.3
33.6
28.1
28.3
30.0
27.3
33.4
35.5
38.1
41.6
42.2
39.6
40.7
44.2
45.5
44.5
46.4
49.2
51.6
50.8
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.2
R57.0
51.9
76.4
63.0
40.9
45.1
45.2
49.6
55.2
61.6
71.4
72.3
71.8
70.5
67.5
61.4
49.7
42.7
43.2
42.5
52.0
51.7
53.3
57.3
59.8
61.3
58.7
55.8
52.6
50.5
49.3
49.6
50.0
49.8
49.7
50.5
43.5
45.8
47.0
44.4
44.2
49.4
R53.1
48.3
12.6
12.5
8.8
11.0
12.5
17.3
19.5
22.1
29.0
33.6
30.5
30.4
25.2
20.6
14.0
12.1
13.0
11.6
17.4
18.3
20.3
23.8
25.2
24.3
23.9
24.7
23.9
22.5
22.9
24.4
25.8
25.3
26.3
28.0
23.2
25.7
27.4
26.8
26.5
28.8
R30.3
25.1
supplied (consumption).
8 Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960-1968, Algeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
9 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
Notes: The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the
crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from
refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. Net imports equal
imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. Data include any imports
for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related
information.
Products" chapter. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,
P.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual,
141
Figure 5.8
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2009
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs
Refinery and Blender Net Production of Selected Products

16
16
Crude Oil
12
12
8
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil

and Other Liquids1
Jet Fuel
Residual Fuel Oil
0
1950
142
1960
See Table 5.8, footnote 4.
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
Source: Table 5.8.
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs 1
Year
Crude
Oil 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
5,327
5,739
7,480
8,067
9,043
10,870
11,199
11,696
12,431
12,133
12,442
13,416
14,602
14,739
14,648
13,481
12,470
11,774
11,685
12,044
12,002
12,716
12,854
13,246
13,401
13,409
13,301
13,411
13,613
13,866
13,973
14,195
14,662
14,889
14,804
15,067
15,128
14,947
15,304
15,475
15,220
15,242
15,156
R14,648
14,313
Natural Gas
Plant
Liquids
Other
Liquids 4
234
259
345
455
618
763
781
826
815
746
710
725
673
639
510
462
524
515
460
500
509
479
466
511
499
467
472
469
491
465
471
450
416
403
372
380
429
429
419
422
441
501
505
R485
489
28
19
32
61
88
121
136
168
155
138
72
59
74
92
78
81
488
572
505
581
681
711
667
610
613
713
768
745
917
691
775
843
832
853
927
849
825
941
791
866
1,149
1,238
1,337
R2,019
2,081
Refinery and Blender Net Production 2
Total
5,588
6,018
7,857
8,583
9,750
11,754
12,116
12,691
13,401
13,018
13,225
14,200
15,349
15,470
15,236
14,025
13,482
12,861
12,650
13,126
13,192
13,906
13,987
14,367
14,513
14,589
14,541
14,626
15,021
15,023
15,220
15,487
15,909
16,144
16,103
16,295
16,382
16,316
16,513
16,762
16,811
16,981
16,999
R17,153
16,883
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 5
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasoline 6
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Still
Gas
Other
Products 7
155
179
251
286
357
428
454
446
480
470
408
391
431
482
467
393
340
329
372
386
401
410
434
443
424
449
430
419
451
451
467
459
485
498
505
525
485
492
496
508
512
506
456
R410
359
934
1,093
1,651
1,823
2,096
2,454
2,495
2,630
2,820
2,668
2,653
2,924
3,277
3,167
3,152
2,661
2,613
2,606
2,456
2,680
2,686
2,796
2,729
2,857
2,899
2,925
2,962
2,974
3,132
3,205
3,155
3,316
3,392
3,424
3,399
3,580
3,695
3,592
3,707
3,814
3,954
4,040
4,133
R4,294
4,046
(5)
(5)
155
241
523
827
835
847
859
836
871
918
973
970
1,012
999
968
978
1,022
1,132
1,189
1,293
1,343
1,370
1,403
1,488
1,438
1,399
1,422
1,448
1,416
1,515
1,554
1,526
1,565
1,606
1,530
1,514
1,488
1,547
1,546
1,481
1,448
R1,493
1,398
64
80
119
212
293
345
357
356
375
338
311
340
352
355
340
330
315
270
328
363
391
417
449
499
554
499
536
607
592
611
654
662
691
674
684
705
667
671
658
645
573
627
655
R630
630
2,572
2,735
3,648
4,126
4,507
5,699
5,970
6,281
6,527
6,358
6,518
6,838
7,031
7,167
6,837
6,492
6,400
6,336
6,338
6,453
6,419
6,752
6,841
6,956
6,963
6,959
6,975
7,058
7,304
7,181
7,459
7,565
7,743
7,892
7,934
7,951
8,022
8,183
8,194
8,265
8,318
8,364
8,358
R8,548
8,765
46
47
78
164
236
296
299
327
362
339
354
356
369
369
376
370
390
410
420
439
455
506
512
544
542
552
568
596
619
622
630
664
689
712
713
727
767
781
798
836
835
848
823
R818
800
1,164
1,165
1,152
908
736
706
753
799
971
1,070
1,235
1,377
1,754
1,667
1,687
1,580
1,321
1,070
852
891
882
889
885
926
954
950
934
892
835
826
788
726
708
762
698
696
721
601
660
655
628
635
673
R620
599
226
229
319
354
395
483
474
507
518
521
523
541
572
603
598
581
565
554
550
559
584
641
643
670
681
673
651
659
653
657
647
654
661
656
656
659
670
667
702
704
684
709
697
R670
646
425
492
518
616
827
876
861
886
940
900
811
993
1,114
1,186
1,296
1,215
1,078
839
801
776
743
818
791
758
755
778
761
796
780
790
778
764
836
886
835
793
729
771
784
838
752
764
752
R664
622
See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary.

See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary.
4 Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation
and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net).
5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
"Other Products."
6 Finished motor gasoline.
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
2
Total
5,587
6,019
7,891
8,729
9,970
12,113
12,498
13,080
13,854
13,498
13,685
14,677
15,874
15,966
15,763
14,622
13,990
13,391
13,138
13,679
13,750
14,522
14,626
15,022
15,175
15,272
15,256
15,398
15,787
15,791
15,994
16,324
16,759
17,030
16,989
17,243
17,285
17,273
17,487
17,814
17,800
17,975
17,994
R18,146
17,864
Processing
Gain
-2
2
34
146
220
359
382
388
453
480
460
477
524
496
527
597
508
531
488
553
557
616
639
655
661
683
715
772
766
768
774
837
850
886
886
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
R993
981
7 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964,
also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and special
naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
Web Pages:

143
Figure 5.9
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2009
Number of Operable Refineries
Utilization
100
400
324 in 1981
80
300
Percent
Total Units
82.8% in 2009
60
200
100
68.6% in 1981
40
150 in 2009
20
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Capacity
20
Capacity
Unused
Capacity
15
10
Gross Input to Distillation Units
0
1949
1954
1959
Operable refineries capacity on January 1.
144
1964
1969
1974
1979
1984
1989
Source: Table 5.9.
1994
1999
2004
2009
Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Operable Refineries Capacity
Operable
Refineries 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
On January 1
Number
336
320
296
309
293
276
272
274
268
273
279
276
282
296
308
319
324
301
258
247
223
216
219
213
204
205
202
199
187
179
175
170
164
163
159
158
155
153
149
149
148
149
149
150
150
Annual Average 2
6,231
6,223
8,386
9,843
10,420
12,021
12,860
13,292
13,642
14,362
14,961
15,237
16,398
17,048
17,441
17,988
18,621
17,890
16,859
16,137
15,659
15,459
15,566
15,915
15,655
15,572
15,676
15,696
15,121
15,034
15,434
15,333
15,452
15,711
16,261
16,512
16,595
16,785
16,757
16,894
17,125
17,339
17,443
17,594
17,672
1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all
"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary.
2 Average of monthly capacity data.
3 See Note 3, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section.
4 Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sum
of the current years January 1 capacity and the following years January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,
utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.
Web Pages:

Sources: Operable Refineries and Operable Refineries Capacity: 1949-1961Bureau of Mines
Gross Input
to Distillation Units 3
Utilization 4
Percent
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18,603
17,432
16,668
16,035
15,671
15,459
15,642
15,927
15,701
15,623
15,707
15,460
15,143
15,150
15,346
15,239
15,594
15,802
16,282
16,525
16,582
16,744
16,748
16,974
17,196
17,385
17,450
R17,607
17,674
5,556
5,980
7,820
8,439
9,557
11,517
11,881
12,431
13,151
12,689
12,902
13,884
14,982
15,071
14,955
13,796
12,752
12,172
11,947
12,216
12,165
12,826
13,003
13,447
13,551
13,610
13,508
13,600
13,851
14,032
14,119
14,337
14,838
15,113
15,080
15,299
15,352
15,180
15,508
15,783
15,578
15,602
15,450
15,027
14,640
89.2
92.5
92.2
85.1
91.8
92.6
90.9
92.3
93.9
86.6
85.5
87.8
89.6
87.4
84.4
75.4
68.6
69.9
71.7
76.2
77.6
82.9
83.1
84.7
86.6
87.1
86.0
87.9
91.5
92.6
92.0
94.1
95.2
95.6
92.6
92.6
92.6
90.7
92.6
93.0
90.6
89.7
88.5
R85.3
82.8
Information Circular, "Petroleum Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States."
1962-1977Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports.
1978-1981U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries in
the United States. 1982-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2009EIA, Refinery
Capacity Report (June 2009), Table 1. Gross Input to Distillation Units: 1949-1966Bureau of
Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products" chapters.
1967-1977Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports.
1978-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S. Territories.
1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly
(January-December 2009 issues). Utilization: 1949-1980Calculated. 1981-2008EIA, Petroleum
Supply Annual, annual reports. 2009Calculated.
145
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2009
By Product, 2009
1,000
2,000
NGPL
1,500
LPG
1,000
500
800
763
600
538
400
266
188
200
131
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Ethane
Propane
Pentanes
Plus
Isobutane
Normal
Butane
900
Ethane
600
Propane
Pentanes Plus
300
Isobutane
Normal Butane
0
1950
1
2
146
1955

1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Source: Table 5.10.
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Finished
Petroleum
Products 1
Ethane 2
53
66
68
47
41
25
25
21
16
7
7
6
5
3
26
23
18
11
12
4
14
4
4
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
12
34
51
92
201
221
275
296
323
337
365
397
406
400
396
397
426
456
505
493
485
499
501
466
477
530
541
556
559
573
627
637
607
675
717
692
700
625
686
649
676
709
R701
763
Isobutane
11
13
30
45
67
84
88
92
92
92
90
82
81
75
104
105
117
109
100
99
127
128
141
144
149
151
169
189
192
195
185
192
191
181
187
188
198
201
183
168
168
163
176
173
188
Normal
Butane 3
61
69
120
161
185
248
249
249
249
244
237
227
223
210
212
210
224
204
217
203
171
157
157
167
151
149
150
137
142
136
151
150
144
148
155
160
133
131
129
152
134
136
128
134
131
Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products.
Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30
percent propane.
3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40
percent propane.
4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant
condensate.
2
Propane 2,3
74
101
205
291
390
561
586
600
587
569
552
521
513
491
500
494
519
519
541
527
521
508
503
506
471
474
487
499
513
510
519
525
528
513
529
539
538
549
506
526
499
501
507
512
538
Total
Pentanes
Plus 4
Total
155
195
390
549
734
1,095
1,144
1,215
1,225
1,227
1,217
1,195
1,214
1,182
1,216
1,205
1,256
1,258
1,314
1,334
1,313
1,277
1,300
1,319
1,237
1,250
1,336
1,365
1,402
1,400
1,428
1,494
1,499
1,450
1,547
1,605
1,562
1,581
1,444
1,532
1,451
1,476
1,520
1,520
1,620
223
238
313
333
434
540
523
507
497
454
409
403
399
382
342
345
334
282
233
292
282
269
291
302
309
309
324
332
334
326
335
336
318
309
303
306
307
300
275
277
266
263
263
R264
266
430
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,693
1,744
1,738
1,688
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
R1,784
1,886
Web Pages:

Products" chapter. 1969-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual,
147
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

10
8
Motor Gasoline
4
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
2
Residual Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Product, 2009
1980
2000
40
Percent
3.6
2.0
1.7
1.4
0.5
Motor
Gasoline
2005
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG
Jet
Fuel
48% in 2009
30
20
10
0.4
0
Residual Petroleum
Coke
Fuel Oil
Other

Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes
plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous products, and crude oil burned as fuel.
0
1950
1960
Source: 5.11.
148
1995
50
9.0
1990
Motor Gasolines Share of Total Petroleum Products Supplied,

1949-2009
10
1985
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Asphalt and
Road Oil
157
180
254
302
368
447
458
468
522
481
419
411
436
479
476
396
342
342
373
408
425
448
467
468
453
483
444
454
474
484
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
357
Aviation
Gasoline
93
108
192
161
120
55
49
46
45
44
39
37
38
39
38
35
31
25
26
24
27
32
25
27
26
24
23
22
21
21
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
902
1,082
1,592
1,872
2,126
2,540
2,661
2,913
3,092
2,948
2,851
3,133
3,352
3,432
3,311
2,866
2,829
2,671
2,690
2,845
2,868
2,914
2,976
3,122
3,157
3,021
2,921
2,979
3,041
3,162
3,207
3,365
3,435
3,461
3,572
3,722
3,847
3,776
3,927
4,058
4,118
4,169
4,196
R3,945
3,631
(1)
(1)
154
371
602
967
1,010
1,045
1,059
993
1,001
987
1,039
1,057
1,076
1,068
1,007
1,013
1,046
1,175
1,218
1,307
1,385
1,449
1,489
1,522
1,471
1,454
1,469
1,527
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
R1,539
1,396
Kerosene
281
323
320
271
267
263
249
235
216
176
159
169
175
175
188
158
127
129
127
115
114
98
95
96
84
43
46
41
50
49
54
62
66
78
73
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
R14
17
Propane
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
776
794
893
872
830
783
830
821
778
849
754
773
798
751
833
883
831
924
923
990
917
982
1,032
1,006
1,082
1,096
1,136
1,170
1,120
1,246
1,235
1,142
1,248
1,215
1,276
1,229
1,215
1,235
R1,154
1,146
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasoline 3
187
234
404
621
841
1,224
1,251
1,420
1,449
1,406
1,333
1,404
1,422
1,413
1,592
1,469
1,466
1,499
1,509
1,572
1,599
1,512
1,612
1,656
1,668
1,556
1,689
1,755
1,734
1,880
1,899
2,012
2,038
1,952
2,195
2,231
2,044
2,163
2,074
2,132
2,030
2,052
2,085
R1,954
2,020
91
106
116
117
129
136
135
144
162
155
137
152
160
172
180
159
153
140
146
156
145
142
161
155
159
164
146
149
152
159
156
151
160
168
169
166
153
151
140
141
141
137
142
R131
119
2,410
2,616
3,463
3,969
4,593
5,785
6,014
6,376
6,674
6,537
6,675
6,978
7,177
7,412
7,034
6,579
6,588
6,539
6,622
6,693
6,831
7,034
7,206
7,336
7,328
7,235
7,188
7,268
7,476
7,601
7,789
7,891
8,017
8,253
8,431
8,472
8,610
8,848
8,935
9,105
9,159
9,253
9,286
R8,989
8,986
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includes
naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."
3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per
day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary
and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
40
41
67
149
202
212
219
241
261
239
247
243
268
256
246
237
252
248
229
247
264
268
299
312
307
339
328
382
366
361
365
379
377
447
477
406
437
463
455
524
515
522
490
R464
428
1,359
1,517
1,526
1,529
1,608
2,204
2,296
2,529
2,822
2,639
2,462
2,801
3,071
3,023
2,826
2,508
2,088
1,716
1,421
1,369
1,202
1,418
1,264
1,378
1,370
1,229
1,158
1,094
1,080
1,021
852
848
797
887
830
909
811
700
772
865
920
689
723
R622
522
243
250
366
435
657
866
870
949
1,005
1,034
1,001
1,145
1,294
1,391
1,546
1,581
1,176
973
1,042
1,120
1,032
1,105
1,176
1,286
1,284
1,373
1,299
1,434
1,373
1,454
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
R1,408
1,195
Total
5,763
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
15,212
16,367
17,308
16,653
16,322
17,461
18,431
18,847
18,513
17,056
16,058
15,296
15,231
15,726
15,726
16,281
16,665
17,283
17,325
16,988
16,714
17,033
17,237
17,718
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
R19,498
18,686
Percentage
Change From
Previous Year 5
12.1
9.0
3.1
4.2
4.0
3.5
7.9
5.5
-3.8
-2.0
7.3
5.3
2.3
-1.8
-7.6
-6.1
-4.7
-.4
3.5
-.3
3.5
2.4
4.0
(s)
-1.9
-1.6
2.2
.9
2.8
(s)
3.6
1.4
1.6
3.2
1.2
-.5
.6
1.4
3.8
.1
-.6
(s)
R-5.5
-4.4
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and
greater than -0.05 percent.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. See Note 1,
"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," and Note 2, "Changes Affecting Petroleum
Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Pages:

149
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share
of Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2009
60
Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Supplied,

1949-2009
50
Peak
48% in 1977
38%
in 2009
Quadrillion Btu
Percent
40
40
46% in 1973
37% in 1949
20
Total Petroleum
30
20
Motor Gasoline
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
By Product, 2009
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
20
20
17.1
15
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
15
10
7.7
3.8
2.9
10
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
2.6
1.2
0.9
Residual Fuel Oil
0
Motor Distillate
Gasoline Fuel Oil
Motor Gasoline
Jet
Fuel
LPG
Residual Asphalt
and
Fuel Oil
Road Oil
Other

Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical
feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous
products, and crude burned as fuel.
1950
1960
150
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Asphalt and
Road Oil
380
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,108
1,137
1,264
1,165
1,014
998
1,056
1,160
1,153
962
828
829
904
992
1,029
1,086
1,130
1,136
1,096
1,170
1,077
1,102
1,149
1,173
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
866
Aviation
Gasoline
172
199
354
298
222
100
90
85
83
82
71
67
70
71
70
64
56
47
48
44
50
59
46
49
48
45
42
41
38
38
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
26
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel 1
1,918
2,300
3,385
3,992
4,519
5,401
5,658
6,210
6,575
6,267
6,061
6,679
7,126
7,296
7,039
6,110
6,014
5,679
5,720
6,065
6,098
6,196
6,328
6,655
6,712
6,422
6,210
6,351
6,466
6,723
6,818
7,175
7,304
7,359
7,595
7,935
8,179
8,028
8,349
8,652
8,755
8,864
8,921
R8,411
7,720
(1)
(1)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,061
2,141
2,167
2,030
2,047
2,026
2,126
2,164
2,204
2,190
2,062
2,072
2,141
2,414
2,497
2,682
2,843
2,982
3,059
3,129
3,025
3,001
3,028
3,154
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
R3,193
2,889
Kerosene
582
668
662
563
553
544
515
487
447
365
329
351
363
363
389
329
263
266
263
239
236
203
196
200
174
88
96
86
103
101
112
128
136
162
151
140
150
90
113
133
144
111
67
R30
35
Propane 2
Total
Lubricants
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,086
1,111
1,254
1,221
1,163
1,097
1,166
1,150
1,089
1,189
1,059
1,082
1,117
1,051
1,170
1,236
1,163
1,294
1,296
1,387
1,284
1,374
1,449
1,409
1,515
1,534
1,594
1,638
1,568
1,745
1,734
1,598
1,747
1,701
1,791
1,721
1,701
1,729
R1,620
1,604
274
343
592
912
1,232
1,689
1,723
1,955
1,981
1,914
1,807
1,907
1,908
1,892
2,138
1,976
1,949
1,978
1,990
2,071
2,103
2,009
2,153
2,213
2,243
2,059
2,227
2,328
2,282
2,494
2,512
2,660
2,690
2,575
2,897
2,945
2,697
2,852
2,747
2,824
2,682
2,701
2,733
R2,574
2,620
201
236
258
259
286
301
299
320
359
344
304
338
354
380
397
354
339
309
324
346
322
315
356
343
352
362
324
330
337
352
346
335
354
371
375
369
338
334
309
313
312
303
313
R291
264
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includes
naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."
Motor
Gasoline 3
4,621
5,015
6,640
7,631
8,806
11,091
11,532
12,259
12,797
12,535
12,798
13,415
13,760
14,211
13,487
12,648
12,631
12,538
12,697
12,867
13,098
13,487
13,816
14,105
14,050
13,872
13,781
13,973
14,335
14,511
14,825
15,064
15,254
15,701
16,036
16,155
16,373
16,819
16,981
17,379
17,444
17,622
17,689
R17,168
17,115
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other 4
87
90
147
328
444
465
481
532
573
524
542
537
589
562
541
522
553
545
503
545
582
590
657
687
676
745
722
843
804
793
802
837
829
982
1,048
895
961
1,018
1,000
1,156
1,133
1,148
1,077
R1,022
940
3,118
3,482
3,502
3,517
3,691
5,057
5,269
5,820
6,477
6,056
5,649
6,445
7,047
6,936
6,485
5,772
4,791
3,939
3,260
3,151
2,759
3,255
2,901
3,170
3,144
2,820
2,657
2,518
2,479
2,342
1,955
1,952
1,828
2,036
1,905
2,091
1,861
1,605
1,772
1,990
2,111
1,581
1,659
R1,432
1,197
530
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
1,825
2,001
2,117
2,173
2,107
2,410
2,722
2,930
3,219
3,275
2,445
2,029
2,204
2,317
2,149
2,313
2,440
2,681
2,658
2,840
2,685
2,953
2,821
2,988
2,834
3,119
3,298
3,093
3,128
2,981
3,056
3,041
3,260
3,429
3,320
3,416
3,308
R2,940
2,496
Total
11,883
13,315
17,255
19,919
23,246
29,521
30,561
32,947
34,840
33,455
32,731
35,175
37,122
37,965
37,123
34,202
31,931
30,232
30,054
31,051
30,922
32,196
32,865
34,222
34,211
33,553
32,845
33,527
33,841
34,670
34,553
35,757
36,266
36,934
37,960
38,404
38,333
38,401
39,047
40,594
40,735
40,420
40,353
R38,100
36,169
Percentage
Change From
Previous Year
12.1
8.9
3.1
4.2
4.2
3.5
7.8
5.7
-4.0
-2.2
7.5
5.5
2.3
-2.2
-7.9
-6.6
-5.3
-.6
3.3
-.4
4.1
2.1
4.1
(s)
-1.9
-2.1
2.1
.9
2.4
-.3
3.5
1.4
1.8
2.8
1.2
-.2
.2
1.7
4.0
.3
-.8
-.2
R-5.6
-5.1
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and
greater than -0.05 percent.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. See Note 1,
"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," and Note 2, "Changes Affecting Petroleum
Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Pages:

Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
151
Figure 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2009
15
Transportation
10
Industrial
Electric Power
Residential and Commercial
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Sector Shares, 1949 and 2009
15
75
71
1949
13.3
2009
54
50
Percent
10
28
25
4.2
22
10
0.7
0.3
0.2
0
Residential Commercial
Industrial Transportation
Electric
Power
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.

Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2
152
0
Residential
Commercial
Note: See related Figure 5.13b.

Sources: Tables 5.13a5.13d.
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
Figure 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009

Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Products
Industrial Sector, Selected Products
1.5
2.0
LPG
Distillate Fuel Oil
1.0
0.5
LPG
1.5
1.0
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.5
Petroleum Coke
Residual Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Asphalt and Road Oil
0.0
0.0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Transportation Sector, Selected Products
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Electric Power Sector
12
2.0
9
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
Petroleum
1.5
1.0
0.5
Jet Fuel
0.0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Note: See related Figure 5.13a.
Sources: Tables 5.13a5.13d.
153
Table 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Residential Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Distillate
Fuel Oil
329
390
562
736
805
883
892
936
942
867
850
932
938
917
765
617
540
494
435
512
514
523
544
558
546
460
438
460
458
451
426
434
411
363
389
424
427
404
425
433
402
335
342
R311
286
Kerosene
140
168
179
171
161
144
143
131
110
89
78
89
81
74
64
51
41
46
41
77
77
59
57
69
57
31
35
31
37
31
36
43
45
52
54
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
R10
12
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Commercial Sector
Distillate Fuel Oil
Total
CHP 1
Other 2
Total
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
3
3
2
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
104
123
177
232
251
276
280
296
303
280
276
308
318
313
274
243
215
207
306
345
297
293
286
281
267
249
241
236
230
233
223
225
206
199
204
228
236
207
225
218
208
188
180
R172
158
104
123
177
232
251
276
280
296
303
280
276
308
318
313
274
243
215
207
306
345
297
293
286
281
270
252
243
238
232
236
225
227
209
202
206
230
239
209
226
221
210
189
181
R173
159
R84
R553
R104
R662
R144
R885
R217
R1,123
R275
R1,242
R392
R1,419
R397
R1,432
R427
R1,494
R407
R1,459
R376
R1,332
R365
R1,293
R379
R1,400
R371
R1,390
R360
R1,351
R243
R1,072
R222
R890
R213
R794
R206
R746
R245
R721
R199
R788
R224
R815
R220
R801
R244
R845
R243
R870
R273
R876
R252
R742
R270
R743
R263
R754
R278
R773
R274
R757
R282
R743
R334
R811
R325
R781
R303
R718
R376
R819
R395
R865
R375
R849
R384
R817
R389
R848
R364
R839
R366
R809
R318
R685
R345
R708
R394
R715
407
706
1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."
4 Included in "Other."
Notes: Data for residential and commercial consumption of liquefied petroleum gases are revised
beginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology. For total petroleum consumption by
all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an
154
Kerosene
19
23
24
23
26
30
27
27
31
26
24
21
25
26
38
20
34
15
54
17
16
24
24
13
13
6
6
5
7
9
11
10
12
15
13
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
R2
2
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
R22
R28
R38
R58
R74
R102
R103
R109
R105
R96
R92
R97
R96
R94
R68
R63
R62
R58
R69
R59
R68
R66
R72
R71
R78
R73
R77
R76
R78
R77
R78
R87
R86
R84
R100
R107
R102
R101
R112
R108
R94
R88
R87
R113
116
Residual Fuel Oil

Motor
Gasoline 3
48
52
69
35
40
45
44
45
45
43
46
50
52
56
54
56
48
46
53
56
50
55
58
57
53
58
44
41
15
13
10
14
22
20
15
23
20
24
32
R23
24
26
32
R24
24
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
CHP 1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
R1
(s)
Other 2
153
185
209
243
281
311
293
280
290
259
214
247
256
232
220
245
182
174
91
115
99
126
114
115
97
97
91
80
73
73
61
58
47
35
30
38
28
34
46
51
48
31
32
R31
27
Total
Total
153
185
209
243
281
311
293
280
290
259
214
247
256
232
220
245
182
174
91
115
99
126
114
115
99
100
92
82
75
75
62
60
48
37
32
40
30
35
48
53
50
33
33
R32
27
R346
R411
R519
R590
R672
R764
R746
R758
R774
R704
R653
R722
R748
R721
R655
R626
R540
R499
R573
R593
R530
R566
R554
R537
R514
R489
R463
R443
R407
R410
R385
R397
R378
R358
R366
R415
R406
R376
R428
R416
R389
R343
R337
R343
329
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in
Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption,"
at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html.
Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: 1949-1959Bureau of Mines,
Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) estimates. 1960-1972EIA, "State Energy Data 2008: Consumption" (June 2010),
U.S. Tables 8 and 9. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy Review (April 2010), Table 3.7a.
Table 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Industrial Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
157
180
254
302
368
447
458
468
522
481
419
411
436
479
476
396
342
342
373
408
425
448
467
468
453
483
444
454
474
484
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
357
Distillate Fuel Oil

CHP
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5
7
12
10
10
10
6
8
8
16
16
10
9
6
10
9
11
5
4
3
4
Other
265
328
466
476
541
577
596
648
691
633
630
717
809
823
830
621
653
617
537
564
526
546
537
530
531
534
495
509
515
513
526
549
558
554
542
553
602
561
525
561
583
589
591
R591
542
Total
265
328
466
476
541
577
596
648
691
633
630
717
809
823
830
621
653
617
537
564
526
546
537
530
536
541
507
519
525
522
532
557
566
570
558
563
611
566
534
570
594
594
595
R594
547
Kerosene
123
132
116
78
80
89
80
77
75
61
58
59
69
75
86
87
52
68
32
21
21
16
14
14
14
6
5
5
6
8
7
9
9
11
6
8
11
7
12
14
19
14
6
R2
2
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
80
100
212
333
470
699
715
846
902
901
844
895
918
921
1,266
1,172
1,166
1,211
1,166
1,283
1,285
1,207
1,279
1,326
1,300
1,215
1,326
1,402
1,363
1,505
1,527
1,580
1,617
1,553
1,709
1,720
1,557
1,668
1,561
R1,646
1,549
1,627
1,637
R1,420
1,468
Petroleum Coke
Lubricants
36
43
47
48
62
70
69
73
88
85
68
75
82
88
92
82
79
72
75
80
75
73
83
80
82
84
75
77
78
82
80
78
82
86
87
86
79
78
72
73
72
71
73
67
61
Motor
Gasoline 3
121
131
173
198
179
150
143
132
133
123
116
110
102
93
84
82
83
72
59
83
114
108
107
100
104
97
101
101
94
101
105
105
111
105
80
79
155
163
171
195
187
198
161
R131
131
1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.

See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."
5 Included in "Other."
CHP
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5
25
22
26
22
25
26
27
37
29
31
19
15
21
17
18
14
21
22
R16
16
Other
40
41
67
149
202
203
211
233
254
230
246
242
266
250
243
234
250
246
225
244
261
264
294
306
295
300
293
336
308
304
302
317
294
362
395
342
375
362
358
405
390
404
390
R377
348
Residual Fuel Oil

Total
40
41
67
149
202
203
211
233
254
230
246
242
266
250
243
234
250
246
225
244
261
264
294
306
300
325
315
362
330
329
328
343
331
390
426
361
390
383
375
423
404
425
412
R394
364
CHP
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
57
63
55
59
65
69
60
66
56
60
52
48
46
37
38
46
46
33
30
R14
11
Other 2
534
617
686
689
689
708
705
765
809
753
658
792
844
748
721
586
471
456
345
386
326
321
253
237
121
116
91
109
129
113
87
80
71
40
38
57
42
46
58
62
77
71
54
R73
63
Total
534
617
686
689
689
708
705
765
809
753
658
792
844
748
721
586
471
456
345
386
326
321
253
237
178
179
146
168
194
183
147
146
127
100
90
105
89
83
96
108
123
104
84
R86
74
Other
Petroleum 4
Total
243
250
366
435
657
866
870
949
1,005
1,034
1,001
1,145
1,294
1,391
1,546
1,581
1,176
973
1,042
1,120
1,032
1,105
1,176
1,286
1,284
1,373
1,299
1,434
1,373
1,454
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
R1,408
1,195
1,598
1,822
2,387
2,708
3,247
3,808
3,845
4,191
4,479
4,301
4,038
4,447
4,821
4,867
5,343
4,842
4,273
4,058
3,854
4,191
4,065
4,087
4,210
4,347
4,251
4,304
4,219
4,522
4,438
4,667
4,594
4,819
4,953
4,844
5,035
4,903
4,892
4,934
4,903
R5,222
5,100
5,193
5,056
R4,518
4,200
Notes: For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table
5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with
the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: 1949-1959Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.
1960-1972EIA, "State Energy Data 2008: Consumption" (June 2010), U.S. Table 10. 1973
forwardEIA, Monthly Energy Review (April 2010), Table 3.7b.
155
Table 5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Transportation Sector
Jet Fuel
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Aviation
Gasoline
93
108
192
161
120
55
49
46
45
44
39
37
38
39
38
35
31
25
26
24
27
32
25
27
26
24
23
22
21
21
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene Type
Total 1
190
226
372
418
514
738
800
910
1,045
1,036
998
1,073
1,171
1,260
1,366
1,311
1,365
1,312
1,367
1,383
1,491
1,514
1,568
1,701
1,734
1,722
1,694
1,728
1,785
1,896
1,973
2,096
2,198
2,263
2,352
2,422
2,489
2,536
2,665
2,783
2,858
3,017
3,037
R2,833
2,606
0
0
0
91
334
718
751
779
825
757
782
777
814
845
867
845
808
803
839
953
1,005
1,105
1,181
1,236
1,284
1,340
1,296
1,310
1,357
1,480
1,497
1,575
1,598
1,623
1,675
1,725
1,656
1,621
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
R1,539
1,396
(1)
(1)
154
371
602
967
1,010
1,021
1,042
979
992
976
1,022
1,044
1,067
1,062
1,006
1,011
1,046
1,175
1,218
1,307
1,385
1,449
1,489
1,522
1,471
1,454
1,469
1,527
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
R1,539
1,396
Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in
1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
156
1
2
9
13
23
32
37
38
35
33
31
33
36
38
16
13
24
24
29
30
21
19
15
17
16
16
15
14
14
24
13
11
10
13
10
8
10
10
12
14
20
20
16
R28
29
Lubricants
54
64
70
68
67
66
67
71
74
71
70
77
78
83
87
77
74
68
71
76
71
69
78
75
77
80
71
72
74
77
76
73
78
81
82
81
74
73
68
69
68
67
69
R64
58
Motor
Gasoline 2
Residual
Fuel Oil
2,241
2,433
3,221
3,736
4,374
5,589
5,827
6,199
6,496
6,372
6,512
6,817
7,022
7,264
6,896
6,441
6,456
6,421
6,510
6,554
6,667
6,871
7,041
7,179
7,171
7,080
7,042
7,125
7,367
7,487
7,674
7,772
7,883
8,128
8,336
8,370
8,435
8,662
8,733
R8,887
8,948
9,029
9,093
R8,834
8,831
504
524
440
367
336
332
305
280
317
304
310
358
396
431
535
608
531
444
358
351
342
379
392
399
423
443
447
465
393
385
397
370
310
294
290
386
255
295
249
321
365
395
433
R400
342
Total
3,084
3,356
4,458
5,135
6,036
7,778
8,095
8,566
9,054
8,838
8,951
9,372
9,761
10,160
10,005
9,546
9,487
9,307
9,406
9,592
9,838
10,191
10,505
10,846
10,937
10,888
10,763
10,881
11,124
11,417
11,668
11,921
12,099
12,420
12,765
13,012
12,938
13,208
13,321
R13,720
13,957
14,178
14,287
R13,712
13,277
the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
Web Pages:

annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. 1960-1972EIA, "State
Energy Data 2008: Consumption" (June 2010), U.S. Table 11. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy
Review (April 2010), Table 3.7c.
Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Electric Power Sector 1
Electricity Only
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19894
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
13
15
15
10
14
66
94
146
129
146
107
114
134
130
84
79
58
42
45
42
40
39
42
51
70
41
38
33
37
46
44
47
48
61
63
77
76
59
71
49
51
34
40
R33
31
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
8
9
7
9
1
1
1
5
4
2
2
2
4
3
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
18
21
16
15
14
23
30
26
20
25
54
66
83
94
82
65
58
50
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
Total
169
192
191
231
302
853
992
1,203
1,406
1,324
1,280
1,405
1,575
1,612
1,350
1,069
904
642
627
517
435
592
504
627
663
497
469
371
409
369
237
263
301
448
409
370
430
281
373
376
376
151
167
R99
73
182
207
206
241
316
928
1,095
1,358
1,542
1,478
1,388
1,520
1,710
1,747
1,437
1,151
964
686
676
562
478
636
551
683
740
551
520
422
467
431
296
325
373
539
497
466
531
394
510
509
521
267
272
R189
154
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
4
1
2
4
11
7
4
4
3
3
6
4
1
5
3
3
1
2
R2
2
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
2
15
15
22
22
23
26
25
25
22
26
14
17
17
15
13
12
13
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants are
included in "Electricity Only."
2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
10
4
8
9
10
9
10
10
8
9
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
15
5
12
27
36
38
36
37
37
38
39
33
33
24
26
26
22
21
19
21
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
13
15
15
10
14
66
94
146
129
146
107
114
134
130
84
79
58
42
45
42
40
39
42
51
72
45
39
34
41
56
51
51
52
64
66
82
80
60
76
52
54
35
42
R34
33
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
8
9
7
9
1
1
1
5
4
2
2
2
4
3
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
20
36
32
37
36
46
56
51
45
47
80
79
101
111
97
78
70
63
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
Total
169
192
191
231
302
853
992
1,203
1,406
1,324
1,280
1,405
1,575
1,612
1,350
1,069
904
642
627
517
435
592
504
627
669
507
473
379
418
379
247
273
311
456
418
378
437
287
379
382
382
157
173
R104
79
182
207
206
241
316
928
1,095
1,358
1,542
1,478
1,388
1,520
1,710
1,747
1,437
1,151
964
686
676
562
478
636
551
683
748
566
526
434
494
467
334
360
410
576
535
505
564
427
534
535
547
289
293
R209
175
the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount
of petroleum used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of petroleum used to produce
useful thermal output. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end
of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
157
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products
Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products
3.0
2.5
Distillate Fuel Oil
2.0
2.0
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
2.5
1.5
1.0
Residual Fuel Oil
1.5
Distillate Fuel Oil
1.0
Asphalt and
Road Oil
0.5
LPG
0.5
LPG
Kerosene
0.0
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Transportation Sector, Selected Products
1950
1970
1980
1990
2000
1990
2000
20
5
Petroleum
15
Motor Gasoline
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1960
10
Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel
0
1950
1
2
158
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

1950
1960
1970
1980
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Sources: Tables 5.14a5.14c.
Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Distillate
Fuel Oil
700
829
1,194
1,568
1,713
1,878
1,897
1,996
2,003
1,844
1,807
1,987
1,994
1,951
1,626
1,316
1,147
1,050
924
1,091
1,092
1,111
1,156
1,190
1,160
978
930
980
974
960
905
926
874
772
828
905
908
860
905
924
854
712
726
R664
609
Kerosene
289
347
371
354
334
298
295
271
227
184
161
184
167
153
133
107
85
95
85
160
159
121
119
144
117
64
72
65
76
65
74
89
93
108
111
95
95
60
70
85
84
66
44
R21
25
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Commercial Sector
Total
R123
R1,112
R153
R1,329
R211
R1,776
R319
R2,241
R403
R2,449
R540
R2,717
R547
R2,739
R588
R2,856
R557
R2,787
R512
R2,539
R496
R2,463
R515
R2,686
R498
R2,660
R482
R2,586
R326
R2,085
R298
R1,721
R284
R1,516
R272
R1,417
R324
R1,334
R263
R1,513
R295
R1,546
R292
R1,525
R326
R1,601
R325
R1,658
R368
R1,645
R333
R1,375
R356
R1,359
R349
R1,394
R366
R1,416
R364
R1,388
R373
R1,352
R441
R1,456
R429
R1,396
R399
R1,280
R496
R1,435
R522
R1,521
R495
R1,499
R506
R1,426
R515
R1,490
R483
R1,491
R484
R1,422
R419
R1,197
R453
R1,223
R519
R1,204
528
1,162
Distillate
Fuel Oil
221
262
377
494
534
587
595
632
644
596
587
656
676
666
584
518
457
440
651
735
631
623
607
600
574
536
517
507
493
501
479
483
444
429
438
491
508
444
481
470
447
401
384
R369
338
Notes: Data for residential and commercial consumption of liquefied petroleum gases are revised
beginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology. Data are estimates. For total heat
content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied
Kerosene
39
47
51
48
54
61
55
55
65
55
49
44
52
55
78
41
69
30
111
36
33
50
49
26
28
12
12
11
14
19
22
21
25
31
27
30
31
16
19
20
22
15
9
R4
5
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasoline 1
R33
R41
R56
R85
R108
R141
R142
R151
R143
R131
R125
R131
R129
R126
R91
R84
R82
R76
R91
R78
R89
R88
R97
R94
R105
R97
R102
R101
R103
R102
R103
R115
R113
R111
R132
R141
R134
R133
R148
R143
R124
R116
R114
R148
151
92
100
133
67
77
86
84
87
87
83
89
97
101
107
104
107
92
88
102
107
96
106
111
110
102
111
85
80
30
25
18
27
43
39
28
45
37
45
60
R45
46
49
61
R46
46
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Residual
Fuel Oil
351
424
480
559
645
714
672
645
665
593
492
567
588
532
505
565
417
399
208
266
228
290
263
264
228
230
212
189
173
172
141
137
111
85
73
92
70
80
111
122
116
75
75
R73
62
Total
R736
R874
R1,097
R1,252
R1,418
R1,590
R1,548
R1,570
R1,604
R1,457
R1,342
R1,495
R1,546
R1,484
R1,363
R1,314
R1,118
R1,032
R1,164
R1,222
R1,077
R1,158
R1,126
R1,095
R1,036
R985
R928
R888
R812
R819
R763
R783
R736
R695
R699
R798
R782
R718
R820
R802
R755
R656
R644
R640
602
in Table 5.12. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is

synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. Totals may not
Web Pages:

Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
159
Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
380
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,108
1,137
1,264
1,165
1,014
998
1,056
1,160
1,153
962
828
829
904
992
1,029
1,086
1,130
1,136
1,096
1,170
1,077
1,102
1,149
1,173
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
866
564
698
991
1,016
1,150
1,226
1,266
1,381
1,469
1,346
1,339
1,530
1,719
1,750
1,764
1,324
1,389
1,313
1,142
1,203
1,119
1,160
1,141
1,130
1,139
1,150
1,078
1,107
1,117
1,111
1,131
1,187
1,203
1,211
1,187
1,200
1,300
1,204
1,136
1,214
1,264
1,263
1,265
R1,267
1,162
Kerosene
254
274
241
161
165
185
165
160
156
126
119
123
143
156
177
181
108
141
66
43
44
32
28
30
30
12
11
10
13
17
15
18
19
22
13
16
23
14
24
28
39
30
13
R4
5
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasoline 1
Petroleum Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
Petroleum 2
Total
117
147
310
489
688
964
984
1,164
1,233
1,227
1,144
1,216
1,232
1,233
1,700
1,577
1,551
1,598
1,537
1,691
1,690
1,603
1,709
1,772
1,748
1,608
1,749
1,860
1,794
1,997
2,019
2,089
2,134
2,048
2,256
2,271
2,054
2,200
2,068
R2,180
2,047
2,140
2,146
R1,870
1,904
80
94
103
107
137
155
152
163
195
187
149
166
182
195
204
182
175
159
167
178
166
162
183
177
181
186
167
170
173
181
178
173
182
191
193
190
174
172
159
161
160
156
161
R150
136
231
251
332
381
342
288
275
254
255
235
223
211
196
178
162
158
160
138
112
160
218
206
206
193
199
185
193
194
180
192
200
200
212
199
152
150
295
309
324
372
356
376
306
R250
249
87
90
147
328
444
446
463
513
558
506
540
535
586
550
533
516
549
541
495
538
575
581
646
675
660
714
693
798
725
723
721
757
727
858
936
796
858
842
825
934
889
934
906
R868
801
1,225
1,416
1,573
1,584
1,582
1,624
1,618
1,761
1,858
1,728
1,509
1,822
1,937
1,716
1,655
1,349
1,081
1,047
791
889
748
736
582
546
410
411
334
387
446
419
337
335
291
230
207
241
203
190
220
249
281
239
193
R199
169
530
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
1,825
2,001
2,117
2,173
2,107
2,410
2,722
2,930
3,219
3,275
2,445
2,029
2,204
2,317
2,149
2,313
2,440
2,681
2,658
2,840
2,685
2,953
2,821
2,988
2,834
3,119
3,298
3,093
3,128
2,981
3,056
3,041
3,260
3,429
3,320
3,416
3,308
R2,940
2,496
3,468
3,951
5,111
5,747
6,789
7,787
7,856
8,534
9,104
8,694
8,146
9,010
9,774
9,867
10,568
9,525
8,285
7,795
7,420
8,010
7,738
7,880
8,065
8,339
8,120
8,278
7,987
8,581
8,418
8,801
8,614
9,053
9,290
9,116
9,396
9,120
9,220
R9,212
9,237
R9,870
9,680
9,815
9,496
R8,559
7,788
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as
fuel.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data
160
for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. Petroleum products supplied is an
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in
Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

Sources: Tables 5.13b, A1, and A3.
Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors,
Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Trillion Btu)
Jet Fuel
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Aviation
Gasoline
172
199
354
298
222
100
90
85
83
82
71
67
70
71
70
64
56
47
48
44
50
59
46
49
48
45
42
41
38
38
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
26
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene Type
Total
405
480
791
892
1,093
1,569
1,701
1,941
2,222
2,202
2,121
2,288
2,489
2,679
2,905
2,795
2,901
2,790
2,905
2,948
3,170
3,218
3,335
3,626
3,687
3,661
3,601
3,684
3,796
4,032
4,195
4,469
4,672
4,812
5,001
5,165
5,292
5,392
5,666
5,932
6,076
6,414
6,457
R6,039
5,541
0
0
0
188
691
1,486
1,554
1,617
1,707
1,566
1,619
1,613
1,684
1,750
1,795
1,754
1,671
1,661
1,736
1,977
2,079
2,287
2,444
2,565
2,658
2,774
2,681
2,718
2,809
3,063
3,099
3,268
3,307
3,359
3,466
3,580
3,427
3,354
3,266
3,382
3,475
3,379
3,358
R3,193
2,889
0
0
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,061
2,091
2,131
2,001
2,029
2,002
2,090
2,138
2,186
2,179
2,058
2,069
2,141
2,414
2,497
2,682
2,843
2,982
3,059
3,129
3,025
3,001
3,028
3,154
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
R3,193
2,889
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
2
3
14
20
33
44
50
52
48
44
42
45
48
52
21
17
32
32
38
40
28
26
21
22
22
22
20
18
19
32
17
15
13
17
13
11
13
13
16
18
27
26
21
R37
38
Lubricants
120
141
155
152
149
147
147
158
163
156
155
172
172
184
193
172
165
150
157
168
156
153
173
167
171
176
157
161
163
171
168
163
172
180
182
179
164
162
150
152
151
147
152
R141
128
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in
1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
Motor
Gasoline 3
4,298
4,664
6,175
7,183
8,386
10,716
11,173
11,918
12,455
12,217
12,485
13,107
13,464
13,927
13,221
12,383
12,379
12,312
12,482
12,600
12,784
13,174
13,499
13,802
13,749
13,575
13,503
13,699
14,126
14,293
14,607
14,837
14,999
15,463
15,855
15,960
16,041
16,465
16,597
R16,962
17,043
17,197
17,321
R16,872
16,820
Residual
Fuel Oil
1,156
1,201
1,009
844
770
761
701
645
727
697
711
824
908
990
1,228
1,398
1,219
1,020
821
807
786
870
900
919
971
1,016
1,026
1,070
901
883
911
851
712
674
665
888
586
677
571
740
837
906
994
R920
785
Total
6,152
6,690
8,800
10,126
11,868
15,310
15,923
16,891
17,831
17,399
17,614
18,506
19,241
20,041
19,825
19,009
18,811
18,420
18,593
19,020
19,471
20,182
20,816
21,567
21,706
21,625
21,373
21,674
22,072
22,603
23,069
23,647
23,917
24,537
25,218
25,820
25,556
26,084
26,296
R27,218
27,644
28,103
28,334
R27,230
26,227
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
28
32
32
22
29
141
200
310
273
309
226
243
283
276
178
169
124
89
96
88
85
83
90
109
152
97
84
74
86
120
108
109
111
136
140
175
171
127
161
111
115
74
89
R73
71
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil 5
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
19
18
19
15
19
2
2
3
12
8
5
4
4
8
8
7
9
10
12
16
30
29
45
79
70
81
80
102
124
112
99
103
175
175
222
243
214
171
R154
139
387
440
439
530
693
1,958
2,277
2,768
3,226
3,038
2,937
3,232
3,614
3,699
3,097
2,459
2,073
1,474
1,440
1,190
998
1,359
1,157
1,442
1,535
1,163
1,085
872
959
869
566
628
715
1,047
959
871
1,003
659
869
879
876
361
397
R240
181
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
1,703
1,289
1,198
991
1,124
1,059
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
R468
390
Notes: Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum
consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12.
Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the
term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Pages:

Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
161
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008

Total by Fuel
Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End Use
3.0
2.5
Distillate Fuel Oil
2
Residual Fuel Oil
On-Highway
Diesel
2.0
1.5
1.0
Residential
0.5
Commercial
Kerosene
Railroad
0.0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Residual Fuel Oil by Major End Use
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Kerosene by Major End Use
750
80
Electric Power
600
Vessel
Bunkering
450
300
150
Industrial
60
40
Residential
Industrial
20
Commercial
Commercial
Farm
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1985
1990
Source: Table 5.15.
162
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008

Distillate Fuel Oil
Year
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Residential
534
504
528
534
554
564
475
442
474
475
472
447
450
426
380
411
444
433
416
452
432
401
325
335
301
Commercial
360
291
296
280
279
279
260
246
245
241
246
237
234
216
211
218
241
243
215
240
220
210
183
177
167
Industrial
Oil
Company
166
159
175
184
167
178
169
151
150
139
148
146
149
151
161
162
152
161
156
156
151
160
161
161
154
Farm
55
45
41
40
41
45
49
48
43
46
44
45
48
56
51
43
45
49
50
33
31
31
42
51
64
Electric
Power 1
208
202
218
196
206
219
222
206
228
222
213
227
234
231
222
223
225
234
223
209
207
210
213
209
209
Railroad
42
34
38
37
47
58
50
39
35
36
43
39
43
41
55
53
66
88
49
75
54
59
43
44
35
Vessel
Bunkering
192
182
186
186
201
211
203
188
206
196
205
224
224
214
207
211
214
198
212
239
198
225
232
237
175
On-Highway
Diesel
115
111
127
122
130
147
135
133
144
141
143
153
162
168
169
158
147
133
136
145
139
131
124
126
77
Military
1,093
1,127
1,169
1,185
1,304
1,378
1,393
1,336
1,391
1,485
1,594
1,668
1,754
1,867
1,967
2,091
2,155
2,167
2,238
2,420
2,415
2,482
2,552
2,596
2,472
46
43
47
46
54
56
46
53
42
32
40
30
30
28
23
23
20
26
23
27
23
18
21
24
17
Residual Fuel Oil

Commercial
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
100
89
130
3119
3121
3112
395
93
77
67
69
60
60
52
47
42
43
42
37
49
51
47
31
31
26
Industrial
228
218
263
217
211
174
147
126
138
155
152
129
136
124
117
111
103
114
82
92
100
109
95
77
67
Oil
Company
81
62
52
44
36
24
21
20
18
17
16
14
11
10
8
8
10
9
7
5
3
5
4
3
4
Electric
Power 1
454
359
610
537
616
632
566
461
388
394
374
213
280
300
420
326
284
368
233
344
306
376
163
173
111
Vessel
Bunkering
298
299
384
398
413
469
413
442
427
345
351
384
371
327
367
381
417
353
316
253
305
338
375
413
330
Off-Highway
Diesel
114
99
108
102
109
110
118
107
114
137
140
142
146
149
162
162
168
177
154
169
179
193
162
164
148
Other
Total
46
11
10
5
4
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2,971
2,809
2,944
2,917
3,095
3,248
3,120
2,949
3,075
3,150
3,289
3,357
3,472
3,546
3,608
3,756
3,877
3,908
3,871
4,165
4,050
4,120
4,057
4,123
3,821
Kerosene
Military
6
8
E7
10
8
6
7
8
6
5
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
(s)
1
2
2
1
1
1
Other 2
26
13
15
3
4
2
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other."
3 Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources."
E = Annual estimate based on eleven months of data. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand
barrels per day.
Total
1,194
1,048
1,462
31,328
31,409
31,419
31,250
1,150
1,054
983
967
804
862
816
961
869
859
888
676
744
767
877
670
698
538
Residential
Commercial
77
77
59
57
69
57
31
35
31
37
31
36
43
45
52
54
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
10
17
16
24
24
13
13
6
6
5
7
9
11
10
12
15
13
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
2
Industrial
8
10
7
6
8
8
4
3
3
4
6
6
7
7
8
4
6
9
5
11
13
17
13
6
2
Farm
Other
Total
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
10
9
6
6
5
4
1
1
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
115
114
98
95
96
84
43
46
41
50
49
54
62
66
78
73
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
14

Sources: 1984U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Annual 1988
(October 1989), Tables A1-A3, and unpublished revision. 1985-2003EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene
Sales, annual reports, Tables 1-3, and unpublished revisions. 2004 forwardEIA, Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales 2008 (December 2009), Tables 1-3.
163
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

Total, Crude Oil, and Products, 1949-2009
Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Stocks, 1949-2009
2,000
2,000
Total
Million Barrels (Cumulative)
Total
Million Barrels
1,500
1,000
Crude Oil
Products
500
1,500
SPR
1,000
Petroleum Products
and
Non-SPR Crude Oil
500
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
By Type, 2009
1,200
1,052
1,000
Million Barrels
800
600
SPR
400
223
200
NonSPR
165
103
80
43
38
Jet Fuel
Residual
Fuel Oil
73
0
Crude Oil
Motor Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).
Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR.
2
164
Unfinished
Oils
Other Products
3
Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants,
naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Note: Stocks are at end of year.
Sources: Table 5.16.
Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Million Barrels)
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate
Petroleum Products
Year
SPR 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
67
91
108
230
294
379
451
493
512
541
560
580
586
569
575
587
592
592
566
563
571
567
541
550
599
638
676
685
689
697
702
727
Non-SPR 2,3
Total 3
253
248
266
240
220
276
260
246
242
265
271
285
340
309
339
358
363
350
344
345
321
331
349
330
341
323
325
318
335
337
303
284
305
324
284
286
312
278
269
286
324
312
286
R326
325
253
248
266
240
220
276
260
246
242
265
271
285
348
376
430
466
594
644
723
796
814
843
890
890
921
908
893
893
922
929
895
850
868
895
852
826
862
877
907
961
1,008
1,001
983
R1,028
1,052
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
75
72
111
138
155
195
191
154
196
200
209
186
250
216
229
205
192
179
140
161
144
155
134
124
106
132
144
141
141
145
130
127
138
156
125
118
145
134
137
126
136
144
134
146
165
Jet
Fuel 5
Propane 6
(5)
(5)
3
7
19
28
28
25
29
29
30
32
35
34
39
42
41
37
39
42
40
50
50
44
41
52
49
43
40
47
40
40
44
45
41
45
42
39
39
40
42
39
39
38
43
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
65
69
82
74
81
87
64
65
76
54
48
58
39
63
48
50
32
49
48
39
51
46
43
43
44
65
43
41
66
53
50
55
57
62
52
55
51
1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include
non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.
2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR."
3 Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
4 Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve.
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
"Other Products."
7 Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, also
includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,
Total
1
2
7
23
30
67
95
86
99
113
125
116
136
132
111
120
135
94
101
101
74
103
97
97
80
98
92
89
106
99
93
86
89
115
89
83
121
106
94
104
109
113
96
113
103
Motor
Gasoline 7
110
116
165
195
175
209
219
213
209
218
235
231
258
238
237
261
253
235
222
243
223
233
226
228
213
220
219
216
226
215
202
195
210
216
193
196
210
209
207
218
208
212
218
R214
223
Residual
Fuel Oil
60
41
39
45
56
54
60
55
53
60
74
72
90
90
96
92
78
66
49
53
50
47
47
45
44
49
50
43
44
42
37
46
40
45
36
36
41
31
38
42
37
42
39
36
38
Unfinished
Oils
66
70
68
62
89
99
101
95
99
106
106
110
113
109
118
124
111
105
108
94
107
94
93
100
106
99
98
95
88
91
86
88
89
91
86
87
88
76
76
81
86
84
81
83
80
Other
Products 8
37
34
55
76
92
89
92
84
80
82
82
78
82
82
82
82
80
70
72
67
67
68
70
70
70
63
72
73
78
84
79
76
81
85
70
77
78
76
71
72
71
85
75
79
73
Total
Products
350
334
449
545
616
741
784
713
766
809
862
826
964
901
911
926
890
786
731
760
705
750
718
707
660
712
724
699
725
724
668
658
692
752
641
641
724
671
661
683
689
719
682
709
724
Total
Petroleum
603
583
715
785
836
1,018
1,044
959
1,008
1,074
1,133
1,112
1,312
1,278
1,341
1,392
1,484
1,430
1,454
1,556
1,519
1,593
1,607
1,597
1,581
1,621
1,617
1,592
1,647
1,653
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
R1,737
1,776
petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous
products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation
gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
9 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."
Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Pages:

165
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR
Crude Oil Imports for SPR

727 in 2009
800
100
93
85
75
Million Barrels
Million Barrels
600
400
200
72
60
59
50
43
41
34
27
24
25
16
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks
1980
1985
1990
1995
18
2000
2005
125
115
100
70% in 2009
80
96
94
88
75
Total
Petroleum
40
81 82
86
83
77
75
73 75
68
Days
60
91
85
Crude Oil
67
62
63
59 57
52 50
50
57 57 56 55 56 58
43
41% in 2009
25
20
17
8
0
1980
1
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
11
1980
Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.

Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all
petroleum.
2
166
7
3
SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports
100
Percent
19
10
23
19 20
18
1985
1990
Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

Source: Table 5.17.
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009

(Million Barrels, Except as Noted)
Foreign Crude Oil Receipts
Year
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Imported
by SPR
Imported
by Others 1,2
7.54
58.80
24.43
16.07
93.30
60.19
85.29
72.04
43.12
17.56
26.52
18.76
20.35
9.77
.00
3.59
5.37
4.49
.00
.00
.00
.00
3.04
3.01
3.91
5.77
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.00
7.98
3.60
1.50
5.07
35.59
22.94
34.24
18.88
3.31
2.70
7.11
17.83
Domestic Crude Oil Receipts
Purchases
60.37
.00
(s)
1.30
28.79
3.79
.42
.05
.17
1.21
2.69
.01
.00
.00
.00
2.60
6.96
.11
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.58
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Exchanges
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1.42
2.29
.00
7.64
16.40
8.47
8.41
2.44
1.68
3.20
4.47
Withdrawals
End-of-Year Stocks
Sales
Exchanges
Quantity
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
3.91
17.22
.00
.00
.00
.00
25.82
2.33
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
11.03
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.00
.00
10.75
733.35
.00
.00
.00
5.44
9.82
1.57
.00
5.40
.00
7.46
66.86
91.19
107.80
230.34
293.83
379.09
450.51
493.32
511.57
540.65
559.52
579.86
585.69
568.51
574.72
587.08
591.67
591.64
565.82
563.43
571.41
567.24
540.68
550.24
599.09
638.39
675.60
684.54
688.61
696.94
701.82
726.62
1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities
for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of the
commercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.
2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received
approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lower
quality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crude
oil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the U.S. Department of
Energy and exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrels
delivered to SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specification
requirements of SPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude Oil
Receipts, Imported by Others," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "Domestic
Crude Oil Receipts, Exchanges."
3 Stocks do not include imported quantities in transit to SPR terminals, pipeline fill, and above-ground
storage.
4 Includes lease condensate stocks.
5 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum.
Percent of
Crude Oil 4
Stocks
Percent of
Total Petroleum
Stocks
Days of
Petroleum
Net Imports 5
2.1
17.8
21.2
23.1
38.8
45.7
52.4
56.6
60.6
60.7
60.8
62.9
62.9
64.5
63.7
64.4
63.6
63.7
66.1
66.6
64.9
63.8
66.6
65.4
63.8
68.3
70.4
70.3
67.9
68.8
70.9
R68.3
69.1
0.6
5.2
6.8
7.7
15.5
20.5
26.1
28.9
32.5
32.1
33.6
35.0
36.7
36.1
35.2
36.1
35.6
35.8
37.9
37.5
36.1
34.7
38.0
36.8
34.7
38.7
40.7
41.1
40.3
40.0
41.8
40.4
40.9
1
8
11
17
43
68
88
96
115
94
91
85
81
82
86
83
77
73
75
67
62
59
57
52
50
57
57
56
55
56
58
R63
75
Calculated prior to rounding.

6 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior to injection of foreign crude oil.
7 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil stocks in exchange for a like quantity plus a
bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well as additional barrels to create a Northeast
Home Heating Oil Reserve.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels.
Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reservepetroleum stocks maintained by the Federal
Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Sources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, Quantity: 1977-1980U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly
(February 2010). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Oil Receipts, and Withdrawals: U.S.
Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, unpublished data. All Other Data:
Calculated.
167
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Real and Nominal Prices, 1949-2009
100
Dollars per Barrel
80
60
40
Real
20
Nominal
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2009

Nominal Prices
Real Prices
100
75
50
California
Texas
ANS
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
600
500
75
California
50
Texas
25
ANS
400
300
200
Texas
100
ANS
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1
2
168
Index: 1977=100
100
Chained (2005) Dollars per Barrel
Nominal Dollars per Barrel
125
25
Real Prices, Indexed 1977=100
Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.
California
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Dollars per Barrel)
Alaska North Slope
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
36.29
5.21
10.57
16.87
23.23
19.92
17.69
17.91
16.98
6.45
10.83
8.43
12.00
15.23
11.57
11.73
10.84
9.77
11.12
15.32
14.84
8.47
12.46
23.62
18.18
19.37
23.78
33.03
47.05
56.86
63.69
90.10
54.41
California
Real
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,R16.66
R12.90
R24.15
R35.33
R44.48
R35.95
R30.71
R29.97
R27.58
R10.25
R16.72
R12.58
R17.26
R21.09
R15.48
R15.33
R13.86
R12.23
R13.64
R18.44
R17.55
R9.91
R14.36
R26.65
R20.06
R21.03
R25.27
R34.13
R47.05
R55.07
R59.96
R83.05
49.57
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.92
8.58
12.78
23.87
26.80
24.58
22.61
22.09
22.14
11.90
13.92
10.97
14.06
17.81
13.72
13.55
12.11
12.12
14.00
16.72
15.78
9.55
14.08
24.82
20.11
21.87
26.43
34.47
47.08
57.34
65.07
90.47
56.12
Texas
Real
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R20.98
R21.24
R29.20
R49.99
R51.32
R44.36
R39.25
R36.96
R35.96
R18.91
R21.49
R16.38
R20.22
R24.67
R18.35
R17.70
R15.48
R15.17
R17.17
R20.12
R18.66
R11.17
R16.23
R28.00
R22.18
R23.74
R28.09
R35.62
R47.08
R55.53
R61.26
R83.40
51.13

3 Average for July through December only.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. = Not applicable.
Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 4, "Crude Oil
Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.
Web Pages:

2
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.58
9.29
12.65
21.84
35.06
31.77
29.35
28.87
26.80
14.73
17.55
14.71
17.81
22.37
19.04
18.32
16.19
14.98
16.38
20.31
18.66
12.28
17.29
28.60
23.41
23.77
29.13
38.79
52.61
61.31
68.30
R96.85
57.40
U.S. Average
Real
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R22.73
R23.00
R28.91
R45.74
R67.13
R57.33
R50.95
R48.31
R43.52
R23.40
R27.10
R21.96
R25.62
R30.98
R25.47
R23.94
R20.70
R18.76
R20.09
R24.44
R22.07
R14.36
R19.93
R32.26
R25.82
R25.80
R30.96
R40.08
R52.61
R59.38
R64.30
R89.28
52.29
Nominal
2.54
2.51
2.77
2.88
2.86
3.18
3.39
3.39
3.89
6.87
7.67
8.19
8.57
9.00
12.64
21.59
31.77
28.52
26.19
25.88
24.09
12.51
15.40
12.58
15.86
20.03
16.54
15.99
14.25
13.19
14.62
18.46
17.23
10.87
15.56
26.72
21.84
22.51
27.56
36.77
50.28
59.69
66.52
94.04
56.39
Real 2
R17.53
R17.14
R16.70
R15.49
R14.36
R13.08
R13.28
R12.73
R13.84
R22.40
R22.85
R23.08
R22.70
R22.28
R28.88
R45.21
R60.83
R51.47
R45.47
R43.30
R39.12
R19.88
R23.78
R18.78
R22.81
R27.74
R22.12
R20.89
R18.22
R16.51
R17.93
R22.22
R20.38
R12.71
R17.93
R30.14
R24.09
R24.44
R29.29
R38.00
R50.28
R57.81
R62.63
R86.69
51.37

Products" chapter. 1974-January 1976Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-90, "Crude
Petroleum Production Monthly Report." February 1976-1977FEA, Form FEA-P-124, "Domestic Crude
Oil Purchasers Monthly Report." 1978-1982U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
ERA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchasers Report." 1983 forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing
Monthly (April 2010), Table 18.
169
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Total, 1973-2009

90
120
68
64
Dollars per Barrel
Dollars per Barrel
90
60
62
61
60
59
58
58
58
57
Venezuela
Canada
Mexico
30
30
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Selected OPEC Country, 1973-2009
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
Kuwait
Norway Colombia
By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 1973-2009

100
120
100
80
Dollars per Barrel
Dollars per Barrel
United
Kingdom
80
60
Nigeria
40
Saudi
Arabia
60
40
United
Kingdom
Mexico
1980
1985
20
20
Venezuela
Canada
0
1975
1
2
170
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.

1975
1990
1995

Source: Table 5.19.
2000
2005
Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009
(Dollars 1 per Barrel)
Year
Persian
Gulf 3
Kuwait
1973 5
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
5.91
12.21
12.64
13.03
13.85
14.01
20.42
30.59
34.61
34.94
29.37
29.07
25.50
12.92
17.47
13.51
17.37
20.55
17.34
17.58
15.26
15.00
16.78
20.45
17.44
11.18
17.37
26.77
20.73
24.13
27.54
36.53
49.68
58.92
69.83
R93.59
61.99
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
11.70
18.14
12.84
16.90
17.01
18.48
16.99
14.23
14.49
16.47
20.32
17.03
11.00
16.77
26.28
19.66
23.04
26.82
35.89
48.36
57.64
66.01
R86.35
60.96
Nigeria
9.08
13.16
12.70
13.81
15.29
14.88
22.97
37.15
39.66
36.16
30.85
30.36
28.96
15.29
19.32
15.88
19.19
23.33
21.39
20.78
18.73
17.21
18.25
21.95
20.64
14.14
17.63
30.04
26.55
26.45
31.07
40.95
57.55
68.26
78.01
R104.83
67.59
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
Total
OPEC 4
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Norway
United
Kingdom
Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
5.37
11.63
12.50
13.06
13.69
13.94
18.95
29.80
34.20
34.99
29.27
29.20
24.72
12.84
16.81
13.37
17.34
21.82
17.22
17.48
15.40
15.11
16.84
20.49
17.52
11.16
17.48
26.58
20.98
24.77
27.50
37.11
50.31
59.19
70.78
R94.75
62.03
5.99
11.25
12.36
11.89
13.11
12.84
17.65
25.92
29.91
24.93
22.94
25.19
24.43
11.52
15.76
13.66
16.78
20.31
15.92
15.13
13.39
13.12
14.81
18.59
16.35
10.16
15.58
26.05
19.81
21.93
25.70
33.79
47.87
57.37
66.13
R90.76
57.70
6.85
12.49
12.70
13.32
14.35
14.34
21.29
33.56
36.60
34.81
29.84
29.06
26.86
13.46
17.64
14.18
17.78
21.23
18.08
17.81
15.68
15.08
16.61
20.14
17.73
11.46
16.94
27.29
21.52
23.83
27.70
36.84
51.36
61.21
71.14
R95.49
61.73
5.33
11.48
12.84
13.36
14.13
14.41
20.22
30.11
32.32
27.15
25.63
26.56
25.71
13.43
17.04
13.50
16.81
20.48
17.16
17.04
15.27
14.83
16.65
19.94
17.63
11.62
17.54
26.69
20.72
22.98
26.76
34.51
44.73
53.90
60.38
R90.00
57.59
W
W
12.85
18.43
14.47
18.10
22.34
19.55
18.46
16.54
15.80
17.45
22.02
19.71
13.26
18.09
29.68
25.88
25.28
30.55
39.03
53.42
62.13
70.91
R93.43
58.35
W
12.61
12.64
13.82
13.56
20.77
31.77
33.70
28.63
25.78
26.85
25.63
12.17
16.69
12.58
16.35
19.64
15.89
15.60
14.11
14.09
16.19
19.64
17.30
11.04
16.12
26.03
19.37
22.09
25.48
32.25
43.47
53.76
62.31
R85.97
57.35
12.80
13.74
14.93
14.68
22.55
36.82
38.70
34.70
30.72
30.05
28.32
15.98
19.10
15.43
19.06
21.11
21.44
20.90
18.99
17.09
18.06
21.34
20.26
13.83
19.06
30.13
25.77
26.60
30.51
39.92
56.23
64.39
71.66
104.13
58.95
W
14.83
14.53
22.97
35.68
37.29
34.25
30.87
29.45
28.36
14.63
18.78
15.82
18.74
22.65
21.37
20.63
17.92
16.64
17.91
20.88
20.64
13.55
18.26
29.26
25.32
26.35
30.62
39.28
55.28
67.44
72.47
96.95
63.53
5.64
11.81
12.70
13.35
14.42
14.38
22.10
33.99
36.14
31.47
28.08
28.14
26.53
13.52
17.66
13.96
17.54
20.98
17.93
17.67
15.78
15.29
16.95
20.47
18.45
12.22
17.51
27.80
22.17
23.97
27.68
35.29
47.31
57.14
63.96
R90.59
58.55
6.41
12.32
12.70
13.32
14.36
14.35
21.45
33.67
36.47
33.18
28.93
28.54
26.67
13.49
17.65
14.08
17.68
21.13
18.02
17.75
15.72
15.18
16.78
20.31
18.11
11.84
17.23
27.53
21.82
23.91
27.69
36.07
49.29
59.11
67.97
R93.33
60.12
3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992
and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this
table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although
Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for
all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual
2
company data.
Notes: Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only; they do not account for refined petroleum
products imported into the United States. See "Crude Oil Landed Cost" in Glossary. Totals may not
Sources: 1973-September 1977Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer
Pricing Report." October 1977-December 1978U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." January 1979-September 1982EIA, Form ERA-51,
"Transfer Pricing Report." October 1982-June 1984EIA, Form EP-51, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil
Transaction Report." July 1984 forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (May 2010), Table 22; and
EIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report."
171
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2009
Totals, 2009
360
240
199
180
240
180
$199 billion
in 2009
120
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
300
120
100
98
60
38
60
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Total
Non-OPEC
OPEC
Persian Gulf
Nations

50
40.7
Billion Dollars
40
30
22.9
22.4
20.3
20
19.0
10
5.4
4.1
2.4
1.3
United Kingdom
Norway
0
Canada
1
Mexico
Saudi Arabia
Venezuela
172
Nigeria
Colombia
Source: Table 5.20.
Kuwait
Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009
(Billion Dollars 1)
Year
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Persian
Gulf 3
Kuwait
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
1.7
4.4
5.2
8.7
12.2
11.3
15.3
16.9
15.1
8.4
4.3
4.8
2.3
3.8
6.0
6.7
11.0
13.5
11.0
10.5
9.1
8.8
9.1
11.1
10.4
8.3
15.0
23.6
20.2
19.5
24.4
32.1
40.0
46.5
53.9
R80.1
37.8
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
.0
.1
.5
.4
1.0
.5
(s)
.2
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
3.2
4.0
3.8
4.2
R6.5
4.1
1.5
3.3
3.5
5.1
6.3
4.9
9.0
11.4
8.8
6.7
3.4
2.3
3.0
2.4
3.7
3.5
5.6
6.7
5.3
5.1
4.9
3.9
4.1
4.8
5.2
3.6
4.0
9.6
8.2
5.7
9.4
16.2
22.6
25.8
30.9
R35.4
19.0
0.9
1.9
3.2
5.8
6.9
5.8
9.3
13.6
13.9
6.8
3.4
3.3
1.2
2.9
3.9
4.4
7.1
9.5
10.7
10.2
7.2
7.2
7.7
9.4
8.3
5.7
8.8
14.8
12.3
13.7
17.3
20.3
26.5
30.7
37.4
R52.1
22.4
0.8
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.2
.8
1.9
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.3
2.7
1.8
2.8
2.2
3.0
4.9
3.9
4.6
4.9
5.0
6.2
8.9
8.3
5.1
6.5
11.7
9.3
9.6
11.1
16.0
21.7
23.9
27.7
R34.5
20.3

Total
OPEC 4
5.2
11.6
14.9
22.2
29.6
27.1
39.7
47.5
39.0
22.0
16.1
16.1
12.9
10.4
15.5
14.0
21.9
27.2
22.3
22.2
20.7
19.7
21.6
25.3
24.4
17.4
26.1
45.4
38.1
35.5
46.3
68.0
90.3
106.9
139.9
R189.2
98.4
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992
and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this
table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although
Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for
all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.
2
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Norway
United
Kingdom
1.9
3.3
2.8
1.8
1.4
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.3
4.4
2.8
3.8
3.4
3.9
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.3
6.3
7.8
7.7
5.4
7.5
13.2
10.3
12.1
15.1
20.4
26.7
35.5
41.6
R64.4
40.7
W
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.3
.8
.6
.9
1.1
.9
.7
.9
.8
1.3
1.8
1.9
1.7
3.0
3.5
2.5
2.2
1.8
2.0
3.0
3.2
3.6
6.1
5.4
W
.3
.4
.9
1.6
3.3
5.9
5.8
6.7
7.2
6.5
6.7
2.8
3.7
3.1
4.3
4.9
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.8
6.1
8.7
8.6
5.3
7.4
12.5
9.9
12.1
14.6
18.9
24.7
30.9
32.0
R37.3
22.9
0.0
.1
.2
.3
.6
.6
1.9
1.6
1.3
.7
1.2
.3
.3
.5
.3
.9
.7
.6
.9
.9
1.2
1.7
2.3
2.1
1.1
1.8
3.3
2.6
3.4
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.3
1.5
1.1
1.3
0.0
.0
W
.5
.9
1.7
2.3
5.0
5.5
4.1
4.1
2.9
1.7
2.1
1.5
1.1
1.3
.8
1.5
2.0
2.4
2.2
1.6
1.3
.8
1.9
3.1
2.3
3.9
4.0
3.4
4.5
3.2
2.7
R2.8
2.4
Total
Non-OPEC 4
2.4
4.1
4.1
3.6
5.1
6.2
11.3
17.4
19.5
20.2
19.1
19.7
18.3
10.2
14.7
12.3
15.8
18.2
15.7
17.3
18.3
19.4
22.6
30.5
29.9
20.2
28.8
46.0
36.2
44.3
51.4
65.2
91.9
111.4
109.0
R145.0
100.4
Total 5
7.6
15.6
19.0
25.8
34.7
33.3
51.0
64.9
58.5
42.2
35.2
35.8
31.2
20.6
30.1
26.3
37.7
45.5
38.0
39.5
38.9
39.1
44.3
55.8
54.4
37.6
54.9
91.4
74.3
79.8
97.7
133.2
182.2
218.3
248.9
R334.2
198.8
Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than $0.05 billion. W=Value withheld to
avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Notes: Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values in this table are for the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and volume data from the following sources:
1973-1975U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. 1981-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2009EIA, Petroleum
Supply Monthly (February 2010).
173
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009

Summary
Composite Costs
100
100
80
Dollars per Barrel
Nominal Dollars per Barrel
120
80
60
40
60
40
Real
Imported
20
20
Domestic
Nominal
Composite
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
Domestic Costs
1970
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Imported Costs
100
120
100
80
Dollars per Barrel
Dollars per Barrel
1975
80
60
40
60
Real
40
Real
20
20
Nominal
Nominal
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005

1970
1975
1980
Source: Table 5.21.
174
Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009

(Dollars per Barrel)
Domestic
Year
1968E
1969E
1970E
1971E
1972E
1973E
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Nominal
3.21
3.37
3.46
3.68
3.67
4.17
7.18
8.39
8.84
9.55
10.61
14.27
24.23
34.33
31.22
28.87
28.53
26.66
14.82
17.76
14.74
17.87
22.59
19.33
18.63
16.67
15.67
17.33
20.77
19.61
13.18
17.90
29.11
24.33
24.65
29.82
38.97
52.94
62.62
69.65
R98.47
59.44
Imported
Real
R14.58
R14.59
R14.23
R14.41
R13.78
R14.83
R23.42
R25.00
R24.91
R25.30
R26.26
R32.61
R50.74
R65.73
R56.34
R50.12
R47.74
R43.30
R23.55
R27.42
R22.00
R25.71
R31.29
R25.86
R24.34
R21.31
R19.62
R21.25
R25.00
R23.19
R15.41
R20.63
R32.84
R26.84
R26.76
R31.69
R40.27
R52.94
R60.64
R65.58
R90.77
54.15
Nominal
2.90
2.80
2.96
3.17
3.22
4.08
12.52
13.93
13.48
14.53
14.57
21.67
33.89
37.05
33.55
29.30
28.88
26.99
14.00
18.13
14.56
18.08
21.76
18.70
18.20
16.14
15.51
17.14
20.64
18.53
12.04
17.26
27.70
22.00
23.71
27.71
35.90
48.86
59.02
67.04
R92.77
59.17

Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include
crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the composite
is derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume of
all refiners purchases.
Sources: 1968-1973U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. The cost of domestic
2
Composite
Real
R13.17
R12.12
R12.17
R12.42
R12.09
R14.51
R40.83
R41.50
R37.98
R38.49
R36.06
R49.52
R70.97
R70.94
R60.55
R50.87
R48.32
R43.83
R22.24
R27.99
R21.74
R26.01
R30.14
R25.01
R23.78
R20.63
R19.42
R21.02
R24.84
R21.91
R14.08
R19.89
R31.25
R24.27
R25.74
R29.45
R37.10
R48.86
R57.16
R63.12
R85.52
53.90
Nominal
3.17
3.29
3.40
3.60
3.58
4.15
9.07
10.38
10.89
11.96
12.46
17.72
28.07
35.24
31.87
28.99
28.63
26.75
14.55
17.90
14.67
17.97
22.22
19.06
18.43
16.41
15.59
17.23
20.71
19.04
12.52
17.51
28.26
22.95
24.10
28.53
36.98
50.24
60.24
67.94
R94.74
59.27
Real 2
R14.40
R14.24
R13.98
R14.10
R13.44
R14.76
R29.58
R30.93
R30.69
R31.68
R30.84
R40.49
R58.78
R67.48
R57.51
R50.33
R47.90
R43.44
R23.12
R27.64
R21.90
R25.85
R30.78
R25.49
R24.08
R20.98
R19.52
R21.13
R24.93
R22.52
R14.64
R20.18
R31.88
R25.32
R26.16
R30.32
R38.21
R50.24
R58.34
R63.97
R87.33
53.99
crude oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the reported average domestic first
purchase value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated ocean transport cost
based on the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" value
published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was derived by weighting domestic costs
and imported costs on the basis of quantities produced and imported. 1974-January 1976Federal
Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost Allocation Report." February 1976-June
1978FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report." July 1978-1982EIA,
Form ERA-49, "Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program Refiners Monthly Report."
1983
forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2010), Table 1.
175
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009
To Resellers
To End Users
325
350
No. 2
Distillate
300
No. 2
Distillate
325
300
275
275
250
250
Cents per Gallon, Excluding Taxes
Cents per Gallon, Excluding Taxes
225
200
175
150
Residual
Fuel
Oil
125
225
200
175
150
125
100
100
75
Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline
75
50
50
Propane
Propane
25
25
0
0
1994
1
176
Residual Fuel Oil
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Price in Glossary.
2008
1994
1996
1998
Source: Table 5.22.
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009
(Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Product
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

Aviation Gasoline ............................
Motor Gasoline ...............................
Leaded Regular ............................
Unleaded Regular .........................
Unleaded Midgrade ......................
Premium .......................................
Kerosene ........................................
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................
No. 1 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ..........................
No. 4 Fuel 3 ....................................
Residual Fuel Oil ............................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ..............................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) ...........
96.5
62.6
NA
59.3
66.0
72.2
60.4
57.7
64.6
55.9
54.4
57.0
48.8
29.3
33.7
25.6
35.1
93.3
59.9
NA
56.6
63.8
69.5
61.8
53.4
61.5
52.2
50.6
52.9
46.2
31.7
34.5
28.7
32.4
97.5
62.6
NA
59.3
67.0
72.2
58.0
53.9
62.5
53.0
51.1
53.8
46.3
36.3
38.3
33.8
34.4
105.5
71.3
NA
68.5
75.9
80.3
71.4
64.6
75.1
65.3
63.9
65.9
60.3
42.0
45.6
38.9
46.1
106.5
70.0
NA
67.3
74.9
79.2
65.3
61.3
72.3
60.2
59.0
60.6
55.1
38.7
41.5
36.6
41.6
91.2
52.6
NA
49.9
57.6
61.7
46.5
45.0
51.3
43.9
42.2
44.4
38.3
28.0
29.9
26.9
28.8
100.7
64.5
NA
62.0
69.6
72.6
55.0
53.3
63.4
53.6
49.3
54.6
43.0
35.4
38.2
32.9
34.2
133.0
96.3
NA
94.2
101.3
105.5
96.9
88.0
101.9
89.6
88.6
89.8
77.8
56.6
62.7
51.2
59.5
125.6
88.6
NA
86.5
94.5
98.0
82.1
76.3
88.3
77.9
75.6
77.5
69.7
47.6
52.3
42.8
54.0
114.6
82.8
NA
80.6
88.5
92.8
75.2
71.6
80.5
71.8
69.4
72.4
66.3
53.0
54.6
50.8
43.1
128.8
100.2
NA
98.1
106.1
111.3
95.5
87.1
103.3
88.2
88.1
88.3
79.3
66.1
72.8
58.8
60.7
162.7
128.8
NA
126.9
134.0
140.8
127.1
120.8
128.9
117.8
112.5
118.7
103.3
68.1
76.4
60.1
75.1
207.6
167.0
NA
165.4
170.8
178.9
175.7
172.3
180.1
172.0
162.3
173.7
137.7
97.1
111.5
84.2
93.3
249.0
196.9
NA
195.0
201.6
211.7
200.7
196.1
204.4
199.1
183.4
201.2
139.5
113.6
120.2
108.5
103.1
275.8
218.2
NA
216.1
224.5
235.7
224.9
217.1
243.0
219.0
207.2
220.3
155.1
135.0
140.6
131.4
119.4
R334.2
Sales Prices to End Users: 2

Aviation Gasoline ............................
Motor Gasoline ...............................
Leaded Regular ............................
Unleaded Regular .........................
Unleaded Midgrade ......................
Premium .......................................
Kerosene ........................................
No. 1 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ..........................
No. 4 Fuel 3 ....................................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ..............................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) ...........
99.0
75.9
NA
71.2
80.5
88.9
75.4
58.0
66.6
60.2
60.2
60.2
50.1
33.7
39.7
30.3
67.3
95.7
73.8
NA
68.9
78.5
86.5
66.0
53.4
64.0
55.6
57.2
55.4
50.1
35.2
40.1
33.0
53.0
100.5
76.5
NA
71.7
80.8
89.0
58.9
54.0
62.0
56.0
56.2
56.0
50.5
39.2
43.6
37.7
49.2
111.6
84.7
NA
80.7
89.6
97.2
74.0
65.1
72.6
68.0
67.3
68.1
60.3
45.5
52.6
43.3
60.5
112.8
83.9
NA
79.8
89.5
97.3
74.5
61.3
68.9
64.2
63.6
64.2
56.5
42.3
48.8
40.3
55.2
97.5
67.3
NA
63.0
72.8
80.5
50.1
45.2
55.1
49.2
48.2
49.4
42.8
30.5
35.4
28.7
40.5
105.9
78.1
NA
74.2
83.5
90.6
60.5
54.3
62.1
58.0
55.8
58.4
47.4
37.4
40.5
36.2
45.8
130.6
110.6
NA
107.3
116.8
124.2
112.3
89.9
98.8
93.4
92.7
93.5
76.9
60.2
70.8
56.6
60.3
132.3
103.2
NA
99.7
110.0
117.5
104.5
77.5
90.2
84.0
82.9
84.2
67.9
53.1
64.2
49.2
50.6
128.8
94.7
NA
91.2
101.0
108.8
99.0
72.1
82.8
75.9
73.7
76.2
65.7
56.9
64.0
54.4
41.9
149.3
115.6
NA
112.3
121.8
130.5
122.4
87.2
101.7
94.2
93.3
94.4
85.6
69.8
80.4
65.1
57.7
181.9
143.5
NA
140.4
149.9
159.6
116.0
120.7
126.2
123.5
117.3
124.3
101.7
73.9
83.5
69.2
83.9
223.1
182.9
NA
180.2
189.3
199.2
195.7
173.5
183.2
177.7
170.5
178.6
W
104.8
116.8
97.4
108.9
268.2
212.8
NA
209.9
221.3
232.0
224.4
199.8
213.7
209.1
198.2
209.6
W
121.8
134.2
117.3
135.8
284.9
234.5
NA
231.5
243.8
255.2
226.3
216.5
228.6
226.6
224.1
226.7
W
137.4
143.6
135.0
148.9
R327.3
Refiner Margins 5
Motor Gasoline ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
Composite 6 ....................................
23.5
18.6
16.8
-9.8
19.0
22.8
16.3
15.1
-5.4
19.8
21.6
12.9
12.0
-4.8
18.1
22.0
15.3
16.0
-7.2
19.4
24.7
16.0
14.9
-6.6
20.0
22.8
15.2
14.1
-1.8
19.5
22.8
11.6
11.9
-6.3
18.9
29.0
20.7
22.3
-10.7
26.1
34.0
21.7
23.3
-7.0
29.7
25.4
14.2
14.4
-4.4
21.6
32.3
19.2
20.3
-1.8
28.1
40.8
32.8
29.8
-19.9
36.7
47.4
52.7
52.4
-22.5
48.4
53.5
52.7
55.7
-29.8
53.0
56.4
55.3
57.2
-26.8
55.3
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulk
customers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.
3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel.
4 Sulfur content by weight.
5 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude
oil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers.
2
R258.6
NA
R257.0
R261.0
274.6
R285.1
R302.0
R271.2
R297.0
R274.5
R299.4
215.7
R186.6
R191.8
R184.3
R143.7
R277.5
NA
R274.8
R287.9
R296.5
R328.3
R305.2
R298.3
314.3
R298.6
315.0
W
196.4
R214.4
188.9
R189.2
33.0
R76.4
R71.4
R-39.0
45.3
2009 P
248.0
176.7
NA
174.7
178.4
195.8
184.4
171.9
205.0
170.7
165.7
171.3
156.1
134.2
133.7
134.4
92.1
244.2
188.8
NA
185.6
199.7
212.1
267.5
170.4
214.1
184.0
196.2
183.4
W
134.1
141.3
130.6
122.0
35.6
30.8
29.6
-6.9
32.9
6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to resellers for aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jet
fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, and residual fuel oil.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual
company data.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2010), Tables 1, 2,
4, 6, and 16.
177
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2009
Motor Gasoline, Selected Grades
To Resellers
Cents per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
300
To End Users
250
213
200
177
189
175
187
173
184
180
197
194
180
194
196
178
150
100
50
0
All Finished
Motor Gasoline
Unleaded
Regular
Unleaded
Regular
Conventional2
Unleaded
Regular
Refomulated
Unleaded
Midgrade
Unleaded
Midgrade
Conventional2
Premium
Distillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane

To Resellers
To End Users
Cents per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
300
250
239
196
200
192
173
173
191
172
165
187
150
178
134
135
96
100
50
(- -)
0
No. 2
Distillate
1
No. 2 Distillate
Fuel Oil to Residences
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Price in Glossary.
Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.
3
> 15 and <= 500 parts per million by weight.
4
> 500 parts per million by weight.
2
178
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel, Low Sulfur3
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel, High Sulfur4
- - = Not applicable.
Note: Data are preliminary.
Source: Table 5.23.
Residual
Fuel Oil
Propane
(Consumer Grade)
Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009
(Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Product
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Sales Prices to Resellers 2

Motor Gasoline .........................................
Unleaded Regular ...................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Midgrade ................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Premium .................................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
No. 2 Distillate ..........................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ....................................
Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 .............
Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 ....
High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 .....................
Residual Fuel Oil ......................................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ..........................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) .....................
62.8
59.7
NA
NA
NA
66.4
NA
NA
NA
72.2
NA
NA
NA
56.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
30.1
34.1
27.2
NA
60.2
57.1
56.5
62.7
63.2
64.1
63.3
68.9
72.2
69.6
68.6
75.7
76.9
52.9
53.8
NA
54.2
51.9
32.2
35.0
29.8
33.6
63.0
59.9
58.3
66.2
64.6
67.3
65.1
71.1
71.9
72.4
69.5
78.7
77.9
53.6
54.6
NA
55.1
52.4
36.6
38.3
34.4
35.4
71.5
68.9
67.2
74.5
73.3
76.0
73.7
78.9
80.2
80.4
77.7
85.1
85.1
66.0
66.7
NA
67.3
63.9
42.7
46.1
39.7
47.1
70.3
67.7
65.8
75.4
72.5
75.1
72.3
79.1
80.1
79.4
76.4
85.6
84.5
61.1
61.6
NA
61.9
60.2
39.6
42.4
37.5
42.6
53.0
50.4
48.4
57.5
55.1
57.9
55.0
59.9
63.2
61.8
58.7
67.4
67.1
45.0
45.4
NA
45.7
43.7
28.4
30.5
27.1
29.7
64.5
62.1
59.6
69.0
67.6
69.4
65.8
69.5
75.8
72.4
68.8
77.9
78.7
53.8
55.2
NA
55.7
51.9
35.5
38.2
33.3
35.4
96.6
94.6
91.8
101.6
100.6
101.4
97.7
102.1
108.0
105.5
101.3
111.9
111.7
90.1
90.4
NA
90.9
87.5
57.9
63.8
52.3
60.3
88.8
86.8
83.8
94.7
93.0
94.5
90.1
96.5
102.2
98.0
93.3
102.0
105.4
78.5
79.1
NA
79.4
77.1
49.6
54.2
43.8
55.6
83.2
81.3
79.4
85.8
85.6
88.6
85.2
88.5
95.2
92.9
89.7
95.2
98.6
72.8
73.5
NA
73.8
71.2
52.6
54.8
50.2
44.0
100.1
98.2
95.0
103.1
105.8
105.6
101.5
104.3
115.0
110.5
105.5
113.1
118.9
89.1
89.1
NA
89.5
87.0
67.5
73.2
62.1
61.5
128.8
127.1
124.1
128.9
133.9
133.8
130.4
130.5
141.0
140.0
135.1
139.0
146.7
117.8
119.1
NA
119.7
114.6
68.2
74.0
63.8
76.1
167.5
165.9
163.9
166.7
170.8
171.9
169.7
168.2
179.0
179.2
175.6
176.1
184.4
172.7
175.4
NA
176.1
170.4
100.6
110.7
89.9
93.9
197.3
195.6
193.0
195.1
202.2
202.4
199.2
199.9
212.7
212.2
208.3
204.9
218.1
199.9
202.9
NA
204.5
191.5
114.1
120.5
108.7
104.1
Sales Prices to End Users 2

Motor Gasoline .........................................
Unleaded Regular ...................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Midgrade ................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Premium .................................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
No. 2 Distillate ..........................................
No. 2 Distillate to Residences 5 ..............
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ....................................
Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 .............
Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 ....
High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 .....................
Residual Fuel Oil ......................................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ..........................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) .....................
75.3
71.4
NA
NA
NA
79.2
NA
NA
NA
87.5
NA
NA
NA
71.0
91.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.1
39.3
31.2
NA
72.9
69.0
68.5
73.7
74.3
77.0
76.6
82.1
85.1
85.2
84.6
90.8
93.7
67.5
88.4
62.8
NA
64.2
59.8
35.8
40.3
32.7
77.6
76.1
72.1
71.4
77.3
74.1
80.2
79.3
83.8
82.9
88.3
87.1
93.8
91.4
67.3
86.7
63.6
NA
64.5
61.4
39.7
43.3
37.6
76.6
84.3
80.9
80.1
86.1
83.3
88.5
87.4
92.9
91.6
96.2
95.0
101.9
99.1
79.3
98.9
75.7
NA
76.7
73.2
46.4
52.9
43.0
88.6
83.1
79.7
78.5
88.7
82.2
88.0
86.5
96.4
91.5
95.5
93.9
105.4
98.8
75.3
98.4
71.4
NA
71.9
69.8
42.9
47.2
40.7
87.8
66.0
62.3
61.0
69.4
65.1
71.1
69.5
76.3
74.8
78.6
76.9
84.5
82.2
59.9
85.2
56.2
NA
56.5
55.5
31.1
35.6
29.2
77.4
76.2
72.8
70.8
78.2
77.7
81.2
78.7
85.3
86.9
88.0
85.6
94.0
93.1
67.8
87.6
65.4
NA
66.3
62.0
37.8
40.6
36.6
78.1
109.1
106.3
104.4
111.8
110.9
114.6
112.2
118.5
119.7
121.8
119.2
127.9
126.7
104.4
131.1
100.6
NA
101.4
98.1
60.9
68.3
57.6
104.8
102.2
99.3
96.8
105.9
105.1
108.6
105.2
112.0
115.6
115.4
111.9
121.8
121.7
94.8
125.0
91.2
NA
91.7
89.2
53.3
62.0
49.8
109.4
94.3
91.5
90.1
96.4
94.9
100.2
98.5
103.1
104.2
108.1
106.3
112.8
111.6
87.4
112.9
83.7
NA
84.1
82.2
56.1
61.2
54.0
95.8
113.5
110.8
108.2
114.2
118.3
119.5
116.6
119.3
127.7
128.2
124.5
130.7
135.5
105.8
135.5
100.8
NA
101.4
98.6
69.6
78.5
65.1
115.0
142.3
139.9
137.3
141.4
147.8
148.2
145.3
145.9
156.9
158.0
153.8
156.8
166.0
133.9
154.8
131.6
NA
132.5
128.1
72.5
79.4
68.7
130.7
182.8
180.7
178.9
176.8
186.1
187.7
185.5
182.4
194.5
198.8
195.8
191.5
204.3
189.5
205.2
188.6
NA
189.9
183.3
104.1
114.8
98.5
153.0
212.1
209.8
207.3
207.6
216.8
218.3
215.1
213.8
227.3
230.3
226.3
223.6
237.3
217.6
236.5
216.5
NA
218.3
208.4
121.2
132.2
117.5
172.7
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulk
customers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.
3 Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline.
4 Sulfur content by weight ("ppm" is parts per million).
5 See Note 5, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.
2
2007
2008
218.6
216.5
R257.0
177.3
175.3
3214.5
3256.4
3173.2
(3)
221.5
225.2
3223.5
(3)
231.1
236.2
3233.0
(3)
240.7
220.8
223.0
225.8
221.1
195.9
134.2
137.7
131.4
120.6
233.8
231.3
3229.7
(3)
235.7
241.2
3238.9
(3)
247.6
252.9
3249.7
(3)
258.4
236.5
259.2
234.8
238.6
231.7
218.7
137.6
144.5
135.4
188.8
258.7
2009 P
(3)
R258.3
R263.6
3,R261.1
(3)
R273.0
R274.9
3274.3
(3)
R275.7
R297.5
R301.3
R302.2
R298.3
R288.7
R185.1
189.8
R182.1
R145.5
R277.2
R275.0
3,R273.1
(3)
R280.7
R284.6
3,R281.6
(3)
R293.6
296.1
3,R293.5
(3)
R300.4
R322.2
R321.9
R323.0
R323.3
R323.2
R318.7
194.4
209.8
189.6
R224.5
(3)
179.9
180.3
3177.7
(3)
190.4
195.9
3193.2
(3)
199.4
172.7
173.0
174.2
164.8
172.0
134.1
134.9
133.7
95.5
189.4
186.8
3184.3
(3)
194.4
196.9
3193.5
(3)
207.7
212.5
3208.4
(3)
219.5
196.4
238.6
191.8
192.2
191.3
186.5
134.6
142.2
132.0
177.7

Sources: 1993-2008U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Annual,
annual reports. 2009EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2010); EIA, Form EIA-782A,
"Refiners/Gas Plant Operators Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report"; and EIA, Form EIA-782B,
"Resellers/Retailers Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."
179
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices
Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2009
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Highway Diesel Fuel, 2009
4.50
Nominal Dollars per Gallon
3.75
Dollars per Gallon
3.00
2.25
Real1
1.50
Nominal
0.75
0.00
3.00
2.47
2.43
2.35
Reformulated
Gasoline Areas4
All Areas
2.32
1.50
0.00
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Conventional
Gasoline Areas
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
Regular Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-2009, Indexed to 1978
4.00
2.0
3.00
1.5
Unleaded
Premium
2.00
1.00
Unleaded
Regular
Leaded Regular
0.00
Consumption
1.0
Real Price5
0.5
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1
2
3
Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
180
Index: 1978=1.0
Nominal Dollars per Gallon
Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
4
Reformulated Gasoline Areas are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.
5
All grades, in chained (2005) dollars.
Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Dollars per Gallon)
Motor Gasoline by Grade
Leaded Regular
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Nominal 5
0.27
.27
.29
.31
.31
.36
.36
.36
.39
.53
.57
.59
.62
.63
.86
1.19
1.31
1.22
1.16
1.13
1.12
.86
.90
.90
1.00
1.15
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Real 6
R1.85
R1.83
R1.75
R1.67
R1.57
R1.47
R1.43
R1.36
R1.38
R1.74
R1.69
R1.66
R1.65
R1.55
R1.96
R2.49
R2.51
R2.21
R2.01
R1.89
R1.81
R1.36
R1.39
R1.34
R1.44
R1.59
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Unleaded Regular
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type
Unleaded Premium
Conventional
Gasoline Areas 1,2
Reformulated
Gasoline Areas 3,4
All Areas
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
Nominal 5
Nominal 5
Nominal 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.08
1.11
1.22
1.20
1.03
1.14
1.48
1.42
1.35
1.56
1.85
2.27
2.57
2.80
3.25
2.35
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.11
1.24
1.20
1.04
1.12
1.49
1.40
1.32
1.51
1.81
2.40
2.71
2.89
3.80
2.47
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.61
.66
.67
.90
1.25
1.38
1.30
1.24
1.21
1.20
.93
.95
.95
1.02
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.11
1.15
1.23
1.23
1.06
1.17
1.51
1.46
1.36
1.59
1.88
2.30
2.59
2.80
3.27
2.35
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R1.73
R1.74
R1.66
R2.06
R2.61
R2.64
R2.34
R2.15
R2.03
R1.95
R1.47
R1.46
R1.41
R1.47
R1.61
R1.53
R1.47
R1.42
R1.39
R1.41
R1.48
R1.46
R1.24
R1.34
R1.70
R1.61
R1.47
R1.69
R1.94
R2.30
R2.51
R2.64
R3.01
2.14
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.47
1.42
1.38
1.37
1.34
1.09
1.09
1.11
1.20
1.35
1.32
1.32
1.30
1.31
1.34
1.41
1.42
1.25
1.36
1.69
1.66
1.56
1.78
2.07
2.49
2.81
3.03
3.52
2.61
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R2.82
R2.55
R2.40
R2.29
R2.18
R1.72
R1.69
R1.65
R1.72
R1.87
R1.77
R1.72
R1.66
R1.63
R1.64
R1.70
R1.68
R1.46
R1.56
R1.91
R1.83
R1.69
R1.89
R2.14
R2.49
R2.72
R2.86
R3.24
2.38
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.65
.88
1.22
1.35
1.28
1.23
1.20
1.20
.93
.96
.96
1.06
1.22
1.20
1.19
1.17
1.17
1.21
1.29
1.29
1.12
1.22
1.56
1.53
1.44
1.64
1.92
2.34
2.64
2.85
3.32
2.40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R1.61
R2.02
R2.56
R2.59
R2.31
R2.13
R2.00
R1.94
R1.48
R1.48
R1.44
R1.53
R1.69
R1.60
R1.56
R1.50
R1.47
R1.48
R1.55
R1.53
R1.30
R1.41
R1.76
R1.69
R1.56
R1.74
R1.99
R2.34
R2.55
R2.68
R3.06
2.19
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.10
1.09
21.07
21.07
21.10
21.19
21.19
21.02
21.12
21.46
1.38
1.31
1.52
1.81
2.24
2.53
2.77
3.21
2.32
Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas."
"Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental
Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.
4 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in
"Reformulated Gasoline Areas."
2
All Grades
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
41.16
41.28
41.25
41.08
41.20
41.54
1.50
1.41
1.66
1.94
2.34
2.65
2.86
3.31
2.43
Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated,"
and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.
Web Pages:

Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: 1949-1973Platts Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974,
51st Edition. 1974 forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), annual averages of monthly
data from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. City Average Gasoline Prices.
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual averages of data from "Weekly U.S. Retail
Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA, weighted annual averages of data from
"Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."
181
new gasoline adjustment method to gasoline product supplied data for 1992
increased the reported quantity 108 thousand barrels per day at the U.S. level from
7,268 thousand barrels per day to 7,376 thousand barrels per day.
Petroleum
Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Petroleum
product supplied (see Table 5.11) is an approximation of petroleum consumption
and is synonymous with the term Petroleum Consumption in Tables 5.13a-d.
Petroleum products supplied is calculated as field production plus renewable fuels
and oxygenates production plus processing gain plus net imports minus stock
change plus adjustments. Total products supplied include natural gas plant liquids,
unfinished oils, aviation gasoline blending components, and finished petroleum
products. Crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline stations was reported as product supplied for either distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oil until January 1983. From
January 1983 through December 2009, crude oil product supplied was reported
based on quantities reported on Form EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report.
Beginning with data for January 2010, reporting crude oil used directly on Form
EIA-813 was discontinued, and crude oil product supplied was assumed equal to
zero. The sector allocation of product supplied in Tables 5.13a-d for products used
in more than one sector is derived from sales to ultimate consumers by refiners,
marketers, distributors, and dealers (see U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) report Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales) and from EIA electric power sector
petroleum consumption data (see Tables 8.7b and 8.7c).
Note 2. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several U.S. Energy Information Administration
survey forms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments in refinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those
changes affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of
those changes, motor gasoline production during the last half of 1980 would have
averaged 289,000 barrels per day higher than that which was published on the old
basis. Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980
would have averaged, respectively, 105,000 and 54,000 barrels per day higher than
the numbers that were published. A new adjustment was introduced for calculating
finished motor gasoline product supplied beginning with data for January 1993.
The new adjustment transferred product supplied for motor gasoline blending
components and fuel ethanol to supply of finished motor gasoline. Applying the
182
Note 3. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The methods of deriving Gross Input
to Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follows: for 1949-1966, GIDU is
estimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil reruns at
refineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plant condensate from natural gas
processing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDU is estimated by summing
annual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil reruns, and refinery input of natural
gasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU is published annual data; and
for 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthly data.
Note 4. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. Crude oil domestic first
purchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-1973, weighted average domestic
first purchase values as reported by State agencies and calculated by the Bureau of
Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a sample survey of major first
purchasers purchases; for 1976 forward, weighted averages of all first purchasers
purchases.
Note 5. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. Residential heating oil prices
for 1956 through 1987 were formerly published in the Annual Energy Review.
Those data, in cents per gallon, are: 195615.2; 195716.0; 195815.1;
195915.3; 196015.0; 196115.6; 196215.6; 196316.0; 196416.1;
196516.0; 196616.4; 196716.9; 196817.4; 196917.8; 197018.5;
197119.6; 197219.7; 197322.8; 197436.0; 197537.7; 197640.6;
197746.0; 197849.0; 197970.4; 198097.4; 1981119.4; 1982116.0;
1983107.8; 1984109.1; 1985105.3; 198683.6; and 198780.3. The
sources of these data are: 1956-1974Bureau of Labor Statistics, Retail Prices and
Indexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential Usage, monthly; January
1975September 1977Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-P112-M-1,
No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report; October 1977December
1977U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-9, No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report; 1978 forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual, Table 15.
6
Natural Gas
Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 6.0
Natural Gas Flow, 2009

(Trillion Cubic Feet)
Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.
Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.
3
Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in
the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.
2
185
Figure 6.1
Natural Gas Overview
Overview, 1949-2009
Overview, 2009
25
25
Consumption
22.8
21.0
20
Production
15
10
5
Net Imports
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
20
15
10
3.7
1.1
-5
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Production
2000
Imports
Exports
Consumption
Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2009

4
Trillion Cubic Feet
3
Additions to Storage
2
Withdrawals from Storage
0
1950
1
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Dry gas.
Underground storage. For 1980-2008, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground
tanks.
1980
1985
1990
Source: Table 6.1.
186
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Billion Cubic Feet)
Storage 1 Activity
Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Dry Gas
Production
5,195
6,022
9,029
12,228
15,286
21,014
21,610
21,624
21,731
20,713
19,236
19,098
19,163
19,122
19,663
19,403
19,181
17,820
16,094
17,466
16,454
16,059
16,621
17,103
17,311
17,810
17,698
17,840
18,095
18,821
18,599
18,854
18,902
19,024
18,832
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
R19,266
R20,286
E20,955
Supplemental
Gaseous Fuels 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
155
176
145
132
110
126
113
101
101
107
123
113
118
119
111
110
109
103
102
98
90
86
68
68
60
64
66
63
R61
P64
Imports
Exports
Net Imports 3
Withdrawals
Additions
Net Withdrawals 4
Balancing Item 5
0
0
11
156
456
821
935
1,019
1,033
959
953
964
1,011
966
1,253
985
904
933
918
843
950
750
993
1,294
1,382
1,532
1,773
2,138
2,350
2,624
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
R3,984
P3,748
20
26
31
11
26
70
80
78
77
77
73
65
56
53
56
49
59
52
55
55
55
61
54
74
107
86
129
216
140
162
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
R1,006
P1,071
-20
-26
-20
144
430
751
854
941
956
882
880
899
955
913
1,198
936
845
882
864
788
894
689
939
1,220
1,275
1,447
1,644
1,921
2,210
2,462
2,687
2,784
2,837
2,993
3,422
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
R2,979
P2,677
106
175
437
713
960
1,459
1,508
1,757
1,533
1,701
1,760
1,921
1,750
2,158
2,047
1,972
1,930
2,164
2,270
2,098
2,397
1,837
1,905
2,270
2,854
1,986
2,752
2,772
2,799
2,579
3,025
2,981
2,894
2,432
2,808
3,550
2,344
3,180
3,161
3,088
3,107
2,527
R3,375
R3,417
P2,968
172
230
505
844
1,078
1,857
1,839
1,893
1,974
1,784
2,104
1,756
2,307
2,278
2,295
1,949
2,228
2,472
1,822
2,295
2,163
1,984
1,911
2,211
2,528
2,499
2,672
2,599
2,835
2,865
2,610
2,979
2,870
2,961
2,636
2,721
3,510
2,713
3,358
3,202
3,055
2,963
R3,183
R3,383
P3,281
-66
-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-332
-136
-442
-84
-344
165
-557
-120
-248
23
-297
-308
447
-197
235
-147
-6
59
326
-513
80
173
-36
-286
415
2
24
-530
172
829
-1,166
467
-197
-114
52
-436
R192
R34
P-313
-139
-175
-247
-274
-319
-228
-339
-328
-196
-289
-235
-216
-41
-287
-372
-640
-500
-537
-703
-217
-428
-493
-444
-453
101
307
27
176
401
139
396
860
871
657
-119
R-305
99
45
44
448
232
89
R-209
R-133
P-549
Underground storage. For 1980-2008, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks.
See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
4 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than
withdrawals.
5 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes
intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via the
other country).
6 See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.
7 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in
both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,
1989-1992," at end of section.
2
3
Consumption 6
4,971
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
21,793
22,101
22,049
21,223
19,538
19,946
19,521
19,627
20,241
19,877
19,404
18,001
16,835
17,951
17,281
16,221
17,211
18,030
719,119
719,174
719,562
720,228
20,790
21,247
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,007
22,277
22,389
22,011
21,685
R23,097
R23,227
P22,834
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.

Notes: Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. For
prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. Totals may not equal sum of components due
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.
Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: 1980-2004U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2005 forwardEIA,
Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (April 2010), Table 1.
Trade:
Table 6.3.
Storage Activity:
1949-2008EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2009EIA, NGM (April 2010), Table 6. Balancing Item:
Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net
withdrawals. Consumption: Table 6.5.
187
Figure 6.2
Natural Gas Production
Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2009

30
25
Production Flow, 2009

Gross Withdrawals
Trillion Cubic Feet
20
Dry Gas
Production
15
Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2009

20
18.9
10
Trillion Cubic Feet
15
10
5.2
2.1
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1
Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply.
188
Natural Gas
Wells
Source: Table 6.2.
Crude Oil
Wells
Coalbed
Wells
Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Natural Gas Wells

4,986
5,603
7,842
10,853
13,524
18,595
18,925
19,043
19,372
18,669
17,380
17,191
17,416
17,394
18,034
17,573
17,337
15,809
14,153
15,513
14,535
14,154
14,807
15,467
15,709
16,054
16,018
16,165
16,691
17,351
17,282
17,737
17,844
17,729
17,590
17,726
18,129
17,795
17,882
17,885
17,472
17,996
R17,065
R18,011
E18,881
Crude Oil Wells
Coalbed Wells
2,561
2,876
3,878
4,234
4,440
5,192
5,163
4,974
4,696
4,181
3,723
3,753
3,681
3,915
3,849
4,297
4,251
4,463
4,506
4,754
5,071
4,977
5,333
5,532
5,366
5,469
5,732
5,967
6,035
6,230
6,462
6,376
6,369
6,380
6,233
6,448
6,371
6,146
6,237
6,084
5,985
5,539
R5,818
R5,845
E5,186
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,780
1,898
E2,110
Total
7,547
8,480
11,720
15,088
17,963
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
R24,664
R25,754
P26,177
Repressuring
Nonhydrocarbon
Gases Removed
Vented
and Flared
1,273
1,397
1,541
1,754
1,604
1,376
1,310
1,236
1,171
1,080
861
859
935
1,181
1,245
1,365
1,312
1,388
1,458
1,630
1,915
1,838
2,208
2,478
2,475
2,489
2,772
2,973
3,103
3,231
3,565
3,511
3,492
3,427
3,293
3,380
3,371
3,455
3,548
3,702
3,700
3,265
R3,663
R3,639
E3,439
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
199
222
208
222
224
326
337
376
460
362
289
276
280
414
412
388
518
599
617
615
505
463
502
499
654
711
731
R661
R710
E686
854
801
774
563
319
489
285
248
248
169
134
132
137
153
167
125
98
93
95
108
95
98
124
143
142
150
170
168
227
228
284
272
256
103
110
91
97
99
98
96
119
129
R143
R167
E159
1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to
petroleum supply (see Tables 5.1 and 5.10).
Notes: Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F.
For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. Totals may not equal sum of components
Marketed
Production
5,420
6,282
9,405
12,771
16,040
21,921
22,493
22,532
22,648
21,601
20,109
19,952
20,025
19,974
20,471
20,180
19,956
18,582
16,884
18,304
17,270
16,859
17,433
17,918
18,095
18,594
18,532
18,712
18,982
19,710
19,506
19,812
19,866
19,961
19,805
20,198
20,570
19,885
19,974
19,517
18,927
19,410
R20,196
R21,240
E21,893
Extraction
Loss 1
224
260
377
543
753
906
883
908
917
887
872
854
863
852
808
777
775
762
790
838
816
800
812
816
785
784
835
872
886
889
908
958
964
938
973
1,016
954
957
876
927
876
906
930
R953
P938
Dry Gas
Production
5,195
6,022
9,029
12,228
15,286
21,014
21,610
21,624
21,731
20,713
19,236
19,098
19,163
19,122
19,663
19,403
19,181
17,820
16,094
17,466
16,454
16,059
16,621
17,103
17,311
17,810
17,698
17,840
18,095
18,821
18,599
18,854
18,902
19,024
18,832
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
R19,266
R20,286
E20,955
Sources: Natural Gas Wells, Crude Oil Wells, and Coalbed Wells: 1949-1966Bureau of Mines,
Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. 1967-2008U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2009EIA, Office of Oil and Gas, Natural Gas Division, time
series projections. Total Gross Withdrawals, Marketed Production, Extraction Loss, and Dry Gas
Production: 1949-2004EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2005 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (April
2010), Table 1. All Other Data: 1949-2008EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2009EIA, Office of Oil and
Gas, Natural Gas Division, time series projections.
189
Figure 6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports
Trade Overview, 1949-2009

5
Trillion Cubic Feet
2
Total Imports
Total Exports
1
Imports from Canada1
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Trade, 2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-2009

20
5
Imports by Selected Country of Origin
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
15
3.27
2
Exports by
Country of Destination
11.7% in 2009
0.70
0.24
0.34
0.24
Canada
Trinidad
and
Tobago
Other4
4.2% in 1986
0.03
0
Canada
Mexico 5
0
1960
Japan
By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.
By pipeline.
3
As liquefied natural gas.
190
10
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from Egypt, Nigeria, Norway, and Qatar.
By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas.
Source: Table 6.3.
Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)
Imports by Country of Origin
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Algeria 2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
0
5
10
11
84
253
86
37
55
131
36
24
0
0
17
42
84
64
43
82
51
18
35
66
69
76
47
65
27
53
120
97
17
77
0
0
Canada 3
0
0
11
109
405
779
912
1,009
1,028
959
948
954
997
881
1,001
797
762
783
712
755
926
749
993
1,276
1,339
1,448
1,710
2,094
2,267
2,566
2,816
2,883
2,899
3,052
3,368
3,544
3,729
3,785
3,437
3,607
3,700
3,590
3,783
R3,589
3,268
Egypt 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
120
115
55
160
Mexico 3
0
0
(s)
47
52
41
21
8
2
(s)
0
0
2
0
0
102
105
95
75
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
7
7
14
17
15
55
12
10
2
0
0
9
13
54
43
28
Nigeria 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
38
8
50
12
8
57
95
12
13
Oman 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
12
3
9
9
2
0
0
0
0
Exports by Country of Destination
Qatar 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
46
23
35
14
12
3
0
18
3
13
Trinidad
and Tobago 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
51
99
98
151
378
462
439
389
448
R267
236
Net imports equal imports minus exports.

As liquefied natural gas.
3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,
1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.
4 Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and
2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; Norway in 2008 and 2009; United Arab Emirates in 1996-2000;
and Other (unassigned) in 2004.
5 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.
6 Includes 2 billion cubic feet to Russia.
7 Includes 3 billion cubic feet to South Korea.
2
Other 2,4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
17
17
11
2
5
3
36
9
0
18
R15
29
Total
Canada 3
0
0
11
156
456
821
935
1,019
1,033
959
953
964
1,011
966
1,253
985
904
933
918
843
950
750
993
1,294
1,382
1,532
1,773
2,138
2,350
2,624
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
R3,984
3,748
(s)
3
11
6
18
11
14
16
15
13
10
8
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
3
20
38
17
15
68
45
53
28
52
56
40
39
73
167
189
271
395
358
341
482
R590
700
Japan 2
0
0
0
0
0
44
50
48
48
50
53
50
52
48
51
45
56
50
53
53
53
50
49
52
51
53
54
53
56
63
65
68
62
66
64
66
66
63
66
62
65
61
47
50
31
Mexico 3
20
23
20
6
8
15
16
15
14
13
9
7
4
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
17
16
60
96
40
47
61
34
38
53
61
106
141
263
343
397
305
322
292
365
338
Net Imports 1
Total
Total
20
26
31
11
26
70
80
78
77
77
73
65
56
53
56
49
59
52
55
55
55
61
54
74
107
86
129
216
140
162
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
6822
R1,006
71,071
-20
-26
-20
144
430
751
854
941
956
882
880
899
955
913
1,198
936
845
882
864
788
894
689
939
1,220
1,275
1,447
1,644
1,921
2,210
2,462
2,687
2,784
2,837
2,993
3,422
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
R2,979
2,677
Percent of U.S.
Consumption
(5)
(5)
(5)
1.2
2.8
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.5
4.9
4.7
5.9
4.7
4.4
4.9
5.1
4.4
5.2
4.2
5.5
6.8
6.7
7.5
8.4
9.5
10.6
11.6
12.1
12.3
12.5
13.5
15.3
15.2
16.2
15.2
14.7
15.2
16.4
16.0
16.4
R12.8
11.7
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.

Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption: Calculated. All Other Data: 1949-1954U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Office of Oil and Gas, Reserves and Natural Gas Division, unpublished
data. 1955-1971EIA, Federal Power Commission, by telephone. 1972-1987EIA, Form FPC-14,
"Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas." 1988-2007EIA, Natural Gas Annual,
annual reports. 2008 and 2009EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (April 2010), Table 4.
191
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009
Gross Withdrawals by Location
Number of Producing Wells
30
600
25
500
Total
20
400
Thousands
Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative)
496 in 2009
Offshore
15
Onshore
10
200
5
0
1960
100
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
Gross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico
Trillion Cubic Feet
Louisiana
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
Texas
Oklahoma
Federal
GOM
1990
2000
1995
Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well
Other
States
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Peak productivity: 435 in 1971
400
300
200
104 in 2009
100
0
1960
2005
Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;
beginning in 1997, these are included in Federal Gulf of Mexico.
192
1970
500
12
1965
Natural Gas Well Average Productivity
15
0
1960
300
1965
1970
1975
Gulf of Mexico.
Source: Table 6.4.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coalbed Wells
State
Texas 1
Louisiana 1
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Oklahoma
Location
Other
States 1
Federal
Gulf of Mexico 2
Total
Onshore 3
Billion Cubic Feet

6,965
7,020
7,199
7,452
7,622
7,741
7,935
8,292
8,566
8,915
9,399
9,519
9,550
9,290
8,859
7,989
7,666
7,496
6,988
7,594
7,656
7,452
6,976
6,429
6,712
6,577
6,656
6,688
6,919
6,881
6,907
6,846
6,708
6,817
6,912
6,873
7,028
15,730
5,799
5,575
5,723
5,752
5,661
5,791
5,734
6,007
6,326
R6,961
R7,761
E7,771
3,313
3,571
3,854
4,250
4,515
4,764
5,365
6,087
6,778
7,561
8,076
8,319
8,160
8,491
7,920
7,242
7,143
7,351
7,639
7,359
7,008
6,830
6,217
5,379
5,888
5,218
4,965
5,205
5,248
5,143
5,303
5,100
4,977
5,047
5,226
5,163
5,351
11,538
1,579
1,599
1,485
1,525
1,382
1,378
1,377
1,310
1,378
R1,383
R1,387
E1,240
1,133
1,160
1,222
1,347
1,423
1,414
1,502
1,621
1,607
1,742
1,811
1,809
1,928
1,890
1,757
1,721
1,842
1,888
1,892
1,958
2,019
2,019
1,985
1,780
2,046
1,993
1,972
2,073
2,167
2,237
2,258
2,154
2,017
2,050
1,935
1,812
1,735
1,704
1,669
1,594
1,613
1,615
1,582
1,558
1,656
1,639
1,689
R1,784
R1,913
E1,908
Natural Gas Well Productivity
Offshore 4
Total
Billion Cubic Feet
3,677
3,710
3,764
3,924
3,975
4,044
4,232
4,252
4,375
4,462
4,501
4,442
4,378
4,396
4,314
4,152
4,293
4,362
4,790
4,973
5,187
5,287
5,094
5,071
5,620
5,818
5,538
6,174
6,665
6,813
7,054
7,651
8,429
8,812
9,508
9,896
9,999
19,999
9,950
10,002
10,386
10,542
10,769
10,944
11,202
11,350
11,227
11,723
R12,351
E13,129
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
5,242
5,110
5,053
4,968
5,066
4,548
4,447
4,001
3,151
2,914
2,813
R2,342
E2,128
15,088
15,460
16,039
16,973
17,536
17,963
19,034
20,252
21,325
22,679
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
R24,664
R25,754
P26,177
1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning
in 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico."
2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these gross
withdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."
3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals.
4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross
withdrawals.
5 As of December 31 each year.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related
14,815
15,142
15,587
16,409
16,914
17,318
18,026
19,065
19,801
20,725
21,368
21,311
20,978
20,856
19,335
17,555
17,348
17,165
16,953
17,061
16,967
16,597
15,499
14,477
15,560
15,421
14,945
15,468
16,253
16,303
16,476
16,900
17,361
17,960
18,585
18,802
18,867
18,897
18,923
18,692
19,130
19,364
19,326
19,614
19,914
20,252
20,580
R21,805
R23,367
E23,475
273
318
452
564
622
646
1,007
1,187
1,524
1,954
2,419
2,777
3,039
3,212
3,515
3,549
3,596
3,932
4,356
4,822
4,902
4,991
4,773
4,182
4,707
4,186
4,186
4,672
4,747
4,771
5,047
4,850
4,772
4,766
4,996
4,942
5,246
5,316
5,185
5,131
5,044
5,137
4,615
4,505
4,055
3,205
2,955
2,859
R2,387
E2,701
15,088
15,460
16,039
16,973
17,536
17,963
19,034
20,252
21,325
22,679
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
R24,664
R25,754
P26,177
Gross
Withdrawals
From
Natural Gas Wells
Producing
Wells 5
Average
Productivity
Billion Cubic Feet
Thousands
Thousand Cubic Feet

Per Day Per Well
10,853
11,195
11,702
12,606
13,106
13,524
13,894
15,345
16,540
17,489
18,595
18,925
19,043
19,372
18,669
17,380
17,191
17,416
17,394
18,034
17,573
17,337
15,809
14,153
15,513
14,535
14,154
14,807
15,467
15,709
16,054
16,018
16,165
16,691
17,351
17,282
17,737
17,844
17,729
17,590
17,726
18,129
17,795
17,882
17,885
17,472
17,996
R17,065
R18,011
E18,881
91
97
100
103
103
112
112
112
114
114
117
119
121
124
126
130
138
148
157
170
182
199
211
222
234
243
242
249
257
262
269
276
275
282
292
299
302
311
317
302
342
373
388
393
406
426
441
453
R479
E496
326.7
316.8
319.8
335.4
347.4
331.8
338.4
374.3
395.1
418.6
433.6
434.8
429.4
427.4
404.9
365.3
341.5
323.1
302.7
290.8
263.8
238.9
205.5
174.7
181.2
163.6
160.6
162.8
164.3
164.0
163.4
158.8
160.4
162.1
162.9
158.6
160.6
157.2
153.3
159.4
141.7
133.1
125.7
124.6
120.3
112.4
111.9
R103.2
R102.8
E104.4
information.
Sources: Offshore: 1960-1981U.S. Geological Survey. 1982-1985U.S. Minerals Management
Service, Mineral RevenuesThe 1989 Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, and
predecessor annual reports. 1986-2008U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2009Calculated as total gross withdrawals minus onshore withdrawals.
Total (Gross Withdrawals): 1960-2004EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2005 forwardEIA, Natural Gas
Monthly (April 2010), Table 1. Average Productivity: Calculated as gross withdrawals from natural gas
wells divided by the number of producing wells, and then divided by the number of days in the year.
All Other Data:

1960-1966Bureau of Mines, Natural Gas Production and Consumption.
1967-2008EIA, NGA, annual reports and unpublished revisions. 2009EIA, Office of Oil and Gas,
Natural Gas Division, time series projections.
193
Figure 6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector
12
10
Trillion Cubic Feet
Industrial1, 2
8
6
Residential
Electric Power4
Commercial1
2
Transportation3
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
10
75
1950
6.9
50
6
4.8
4
3.1
32
25
21
14
0
1, 2
Residential Commercial Industrial
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power4

Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.
3
Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in
the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.
194
11
0.7
30
21
2009
59
7.4
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
Residential
Commercial
Industrial1, 2 Transportation
Industrial
Electric
Power4
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Source: Table 6.5.
Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Commercial Sector
Industrial Sector
Other Industrial
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Residential
Sector
CHP 2
Other 3
Total
Lease and
Plant Fuel
CHP 4
993
1,198
2,124
3,103
3,903
4,837
4,972
5,126
4,879
4,786
4,924
5,051
4,821
4,903
4,965
4,752
4,546
4,633
4,381
4,555
4,433
4,314
4,315
4,630
4,781
4,391
4,556
4,690
4,956
4,848
4,850
5,241
4,984
4,520
4,726
4,996
4,771
4,889
5,079
4,869
4,827
4,368
R4,722
R4,872
4,761
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
30
46
52
62
65
72
78
82
87
87
84
85
79
74
58
72
68
68
70
R66
63
348
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,509
2,608
2,597
2,556
2,508
2,668
2,501
2,601
2,786
2,611
2,520
2,606
2,433
2,524
2,432
2,318
2,430
2,670
2,688
2,576
2,676
2,740
2,796
2,823
2,953
3,076
3,128
2,912
2,961
3,098
2,944
3,070
3,121
3,057
2,931
2,764
R2,943
R3,070
3,050
348
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,509
2,608
2,597
2,556
2,508
2,668
2,501
2,601
2,786
2,611
2,520
2,606
2,433
2,524
2,432
2,318
2,430
2,670
2,718
2,623
2,729
2,803
2,862
2,895
3,031
3,158
3,215
2,999
3,045
3,182
3,023
3,144
3,179
3,129
2,999
2,832
R3,013
R3,136
3,113
835
928
1,131
1,237
1,156
1,399
1,414
1,456
1,496
1,477
1,396
1,634
1,659
1,648
1,499
1,026
928
1,109
978
1,077
966
923
1,149
1,096
1,070
1,236
1,129
1,171
1,172
1,124
1,220
1,250
1,203
1,173
1,079
1,151
1,119
1,113
1,122
1,098
1,112
1,142
R1,226
R1,224
1,261
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
914
1,055
1,061
1,107
1,124
1,176
1,258
1,289
1,282
1,355
1,401
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
R955
964
Non-CHP 5
2,245
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
8,181
8,169
8,689
8,292
6,968
6,964
6,815
6,757
6,899
7,172
7,128
5,831
5,643
6,154
5,901
5,579
5,953
6,383
115,903
115,963
116,170
116,420
6,576
6,613
6,906
7,146
7,229
6,965
6,678
6,757
6,035
6,267
6,007
6,052
5,514
5,398
R5,598
R5,695
5,179
Total
Total
Pipelines
and Distribution 7
2,245
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
8,181
8,169
8,689
8,292
6,968
6,964
6,815
6,757
6,899
7,172
7,128
5,831
5,643
6,154
5,901
5,579
5,953
6,383
116,816
117,018
117,231
117,527
7,700
7,790
8,164
8,435
8,511
8,320
8,079
8,142
7,344
7,507
7,150
7,243
6,597
6,512
R6,648
R6,650
6,142
3,081
3,426
4,542
5,771
7,112
9,249
9,594
9,624
10,185
9,769
8,365
8,598
8,474
8,405
8,398
8,198
8,055
6,941
6,621
7,231
6,867
6,502
7,103
7,479
7,886
8,255
8,360
8,698
8,872
8,913
9,384
9,685
9,714
9,493
9,158
9,293
8,463
8,620
8,273
8,341
7,709
7,654
R7,874
R7,874
7,404
NA
126
245
347
501
722
743
766
728
669
583
548
533
530
601
635
642
596
490
529
504
485
519
614
629
660
601
588
624
685
700
711
751
635
645
642
625
667
591
566
584
584
R621
R648
637
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric
utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric
utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."
2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only plants.
3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP."
6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.
8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Vehicle
Fuel," at end of section.
9 Included in "Commercial Other."
10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."
11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in
both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," at
end of section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.
Notes: Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
Vehicle
Fuel 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
2
3
3
5
6
8
9
12
13
15
15
18
21
23
24
25
R28
32
Total
NA
126
245
347
501
722
743
766
728
669
583
548
533
530
601
635
642
596
490
529
504
485
519
614
629
660
602
590
627
689
705
718
760
645
657
655
640
682
610
587
607
608
R646
R676
669
Electricity
Only
550
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,976
3,977
3,660
3,443
3,158
3,081
3,191
3,188
3,491
3,682
3,640
3,226
2,911
3,111
3,044
2,602
2,844
2,636
112,791
112,794
112,822
112,829
2,755
3,065
3,288
2,824
3,039
3,544
3,729
4,093
4,164
4,258
3,780
4,142
4,592
5,091
5,612
R5,520
5,746
CHP
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11315
11451
11494
11619
718
838
949
983
1,026
1,044
1,090
1,114
1,178
1,413
1,355
1,322
1,277
1,131
1,230
R1,148
1,142
550
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,976
3,977
3,660
3,443
3,158
3,081
3,191
3,188
3,491
3,682
3,640
3,226
2,911
3,111
3,044
2,602
2,844
2,636
113,105
113,245
113,316
113,448
3,473
3,903
4,237
3,807
4,065
4,588
4,820
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
R6,668
6,888
4,971
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
21,793
22,101
22,049
21,223
19,538
19,946
19,521
19,627
20,241
19,877
19,404
18,001
16,835
17,951
17,281
16,221
17,211
18,030
1119,119
1119,174
1119,562
1120,228
20,790
21,247
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,007
22,277
22,389
22,011
21,685
R23,097
R23,227
22,834
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of natural gas
used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of natural gas used to produce useful
thermal output. See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. Beginning with 1965, all
volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. For prior years, the pressure base was
14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:
For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial Total, and Pipelines
and Distribution: 1949-2004U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA),
annual reports and unpublished revisions. 2005 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (April 2010),
Table 2. Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Vehicle Fuel: 1990 and 1991EIA, NGA
2000 (November 2001), Table 95. 1992-1998EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels
1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February
2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in gasoline-equivalent gallons
were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gasoline conversion factor (see Table A3) and
dividing
by
the
natural
gas
end-use
sectors
conversion
factor
(see
Table
A4).
1999-2004EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2005 forwardEIA, NGM (April 2010), Table 2. Electric
Power Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculated.
195
Figure 6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage
Underground Storage, 1954-2009
Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-2009

10
8
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
2
2
0
1975
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
End-of-Year Storage as Share of Total Consumption, 1954-2009
50
Peak: 40% in 1986
Base Gas1
40
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
Working Gas1
0
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.
Note: Storage is at end of year.
196
32%
in 2009
20
10
30
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2009

Natural Gas in Underground Storage
Base Gas
Year
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
Salt Caverns
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
44
60
64
67
67
69
70
77
75
76
72
78
77
80
86
115
Other Than
Salt Caverns 2
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,317
4,290
4,277
4,283
4,259
4,314
4,282
4,224
4,265
4,227
4,129
4,122
4,134
4,154
R4,146
4,161
817
863
919
1,001
1,056
NA
NA
NA
1,571
1,738
1,781
1,848
1,958
2,058
2,128
2,181
2,326
2,485
2,751
2,864
2,912
3,162
3,323
3,391
3,473
3,553
3,642
3,752
3,808
3,847
3,830
3,842
3,819
3,792
3,800
3,812
3,868
3,954
4,044
4,327
4,360
4,349
4,341
4,350
4,326
4,383
4,352
4,301
4,340
4,303
4,201
4,200
4,211
4,234
R4,232
4,276
Salt Caverns
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
70
72
85
83
104
100
72
115
102
125
98
123
144
123
154
188
Working Gas
Total
Other Than
Salt Caverns 2
Total
Other Than
Salt Caverns 2
Total
Natural Gas
Underground
Storage
Capacity
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,536
2,082
2,087
2,092
2,626
2,423
1,647
2,789
2,273
2,438
2,598
2,513
2,926
2,756
2,686
2,943
465
505
583
673
708
NA
NA
NA
933
1,007
1,159
1,242
1,267
1,318
1,366
1,421
1,678
1,840
1,729
2,034
2,050
2,212
1,926
2,475
2,547
2,753
2,655
2,817
3,071
2,595
2,876
2,607
2,749
2,756
2,850
2,513
3,068
2,824
2,597
2,322
2,606
2,153
2,173
2,175
2,730
2,523
1,719
2,904
2,375
2,563
2,696
2,635
3,070
2,879
2,840
3,131
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,853
6,371
6,364
6,375
6,884
6,738
5,929
7,013
6,539
6,665
6,727
6,635
7,059
6,910
R6,832
7,104
1,281
1,368
1,502
1,674
1,764
1,901
2,184
2,344
2,504
2,745
2,940
3,090
3,225
3,376
3,495
3,602
4,004
4,325
4,480
4,898
4,962
5,374
5,250
5,866
6,020
6,306
6,297
6,569
6,879
6,442
6,706
6,448
6,567
6,548
6,650
6,325
6,936
6,778
6,641
6,649
6,966
6,503
6,513
6,525
7,056
6,906
6,071
7,204
6,715
6,866
6,897
6,835
7,281
7,113
R7,073
7,407
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,280
6,544
6,678
6,890
6,929
7,434
7,805
7,915
7,985
8,043
8,087
8,145
8,124
8,124
8,120
7,794
7,993
7,932
7,989
8,043
7,953
7,980
8,332
8,179
8,229
8,241
8,415
8,207
8,206
8,255
8,268
8,330
8,402
R8,499
8,569
Includes native gas.

Depleted fields, aquifers, and other types of storage not using salt formations.
Notes: Storage and capacity are at end of year. Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a
pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F.
Web Page:
information.
Salt Caverns
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
113
131
149
150
171
169
142
191
177
201
170
201
222
203
240
302
Sources: 1954-1974American Gas Association, Gas Facts. 1975-1978Federal Energy

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power
Commission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 1979-1984U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory
1985-2007EIA, Natural Gas
Commission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report."
Monthly (NGM), monthly reports, and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 2008 and 2009EIA, NGM
(April 2010), Tables 6, 8, and 9, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly Underground Gas Storage Report."
197
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices
Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2009
Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2009
Nominal Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
8
6.47
4.19
3.71
0
Wellhead
City Gate
Nominal Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
Figure 6.7
Imports
City Gate
3
Wellhead
0
1950
1960
1970
1990
2000
12
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
4
Real
2
Nominal
Real
Nominal
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
See Table D1.
1975
1980
Source: Table 6.7.
198
1980
Imports, 1972-2009
10
Imports
Wellhead, 1949-2009
12
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Wellhead 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Nominal
0.06
.07
.10
.14
.16
.17
.18
.19
.22
.30
.44
.58
.79
.91
1.18
1.59
1.98
2.46
2.59
2.66
2.51
1.94
1.67
1.69
1.69
1.71
1.64
1.74
2.04
1.85
1.55
2.17
2.32
1.96
2.19
3.68
4.00
2.95
4.88
5.46
7.33
6.39
R6.25
R7.96
E3.71
City Gate 2
Real
R0.41
R.48
R.60
R.75
R.80
R.70
R.70
R.71
R.78
R.98
R1.31
R1.63
R2.09
R2.25
R2.70
R3.33
R3.79
R4.44
R4.50
R4.45
R4.08
R3.08
R2.58
R2.52
R2.43
R2.37
R2.19
R2.27
R2.61
R2.32
R1.90
R2.61
R2.74
R2.29
R2.52
R4.15
R4.41
R3.20
R5.19
R5.64
R7.33
R6.19
R5.88
R7.34
E3.38
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.95
3.75
3.22
2.87
2.92
3.01
3.03
2.90
3.01
3.21
3.07
2.78
R3.27
3.66
3.07
3.10
4.62
5.72
4.12
5.85
6.65
8.67
8.61
R8.16
R9.18
P6.47
See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

See "City Gate" in Glossary.
2
Imports
Real
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R6.61
R6.09
R5.12
R4.43
R4.36
R4.33
R4.20
R3.88
R3.93
R4.10
R3.84
R3.41
R3.94
R4.33
R3.59
R3.57
R5.21
R6.31
R4.47
R6.22
R6.87
R8.67
R8.34
R7.68
R8.46
P5.89
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.31
.35
.55
1.21
1.72
1.98
2.13
2.49
4.28
4.88
5.03
4.78
4.08
3.21
2.43
1.95
1.84
1.82
1.94
1.83
1.85
2.03
1.87
1.49
1.97
2.17
1.97
2.24
3.95
4.43
3.15
5.17
5.81
8.12
6.88
6.87
R8.70
P4.19
Real 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R1.16
R1.25
R1.79
R3.61
R4.85
R5.24
R5.27
R5.69
R8.96
R9.34
R9.08
R8.30
R6.83
R5.21
R3.86
R3.01
R2.75
R2.62
R2.69
R2.45
R2.42
R2.60
R2.34
R1.83
R2.37
R2.57
R2.30
R2.58
R4.46
R4.89
R3.42
R5.49
R6.00
R8.12
R6.66
R6.47
R8.02
P3.82

Sources: Wellhead and City Gate: 1949-2004U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2005 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (April
2010), Table 3. Imports: 1972 and 1973Federal Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and
Exports of Natural GasImports and Exports of LNG. 1974-1976FPC, United States Imports and
Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports. 1977-2007EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2008 and 2009EIA,
NGM (April 2010), Table 4.
199
Figure 6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Real6 Prices, Indexed, 1980-2009
Nominal Prices, 2009
12
2.00
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Electric Power
11.97
1.50
Index: 1980=1.00
15
9.75
5.27
4.89
1.00
0.50
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial4
0.00
1980
Electric
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Power5
Real6 Prices, 1967-2009
14
12
10
Residential
Commercial
Vehicle Fuel
Industrial
Electric Power
2
0
1970
1975

Based on 98.0 percent of volume delivered.
3
4
2
200
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Based on 101.2 percent of volume delivered. For an explanation of values over 100 percent,
see Table 6.8, footnote 8.
6
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
See Table D1.
Source: Table 6.8.
Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2009

(Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)
Commercial Sector 1
Residential Sector
Prices
Year
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Nominal 5
1.04
1.04
1.05
1.09
1.15
1.21
1.29
1.43
1.71
1.98
2.35
2.56
2.98
3.68
4.29
5.17
6.06
6.12
6.12
5.83
5.54
5.47
5.64
5.80
5.82
5.89
6.16
6.41
6.06
6.34
6.94
6.82
6.69
7.76
9.63
7.89
9.63
10.75
12.70
13.73
R13.08
R13.89
P11.97
Real 6
R4.93
R4.72
R4.55
R4.48
R4.50
R4.54
R4.59
R4.66
R5.09
R5.58
R6.23
R6.34
R6.81
R7.71
R8.21
R9.33
R10.52
R10.24
R9.94
R9.26
R8.55
R8.17
R8.11
R8.03
R7.78
R7.70
R7.87
R8.03
R7.43
R7.63
R8.21
R7.98
R7.71
R8.75
R10.62
R8.57
R10.23
R11.11
R12.70
R13.30
R12.31
R12.80
P10.90
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Prices
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99.9
99.2
99.2
99.1
99.1
99.1
99.0
99.0
98.8
97.7
95.2
92.6
92.4
97.9
97.5
97.7
98.2
98.1
98.0
R97.9
E98.0
0.74
.73
.74
.77
.82
.88
.94
1.07
1.35
1.64
2.04
2.23
2.73
3.39
4.00
4.82
5.59
5.55
5.50
5.08
4.77
4.63
4.74
4.83
4.81
4.88
5.22
5.44
5.05
5.40
5.80
5.48
5.33
6.59
8.43
6.63
8.40
9.43
11.34
12.00
R11.34
R12.23
P9.75
Real 6
R3.50
R3.32
R3.20
R3.17
R3.21
R3.30
R3.34
R3.49
R4.02
R4.62
R5.40
R5.52
R6.24
R7.10
R7.66
R8.70
R9.70
R9.29
R8.93
R8.07
R7.37
R6.91
R6.82
R6.69
R6.43
R6.38
R6.67
R6.81
R6.19
R6.50
R6.86
R6.41
R6.14
R7.43
R9.30
R7.20
R8.93
R9.74
R11.34
R11.62
R10.68
R11.27
P8.88
Industrial Sector 2
Prices
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93.1
90.7
89.1
86.6
85.1
83.2
83.9
79.3
76.7
77.6
70.8
67.0
66.1
63.9
66.0
77.4
78.2
78.0
82.1
80.8
R80.4
R79.9
P72.9
0.34
.34
.35
.37
.41
.45
.50
.67
.96
1.24
1.50
1.70
1.99
2.56
3.14
3.87
4.18
4.22
3.95
3.23
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.93
2.69
2.84
3.07
3.05
2.71
3.42
3.59
3.14
3.12
4.45
5.24
4.02
5.89
6.53
8.56
7.87
7.68
R9.67
P5.27
R1.61
R1.54
R1.52
R1.52
R1.61
R1.69
R1.78
R2.18
R2.86
R3.49
R3.97
R4.21
R4.55
R5.36
R6.01
R6.98
R7.26
R7.06
R6.41
R5.13
R4.54
R4.40
R4.26
R4.06
R3.60
R3.71
R3.92
R3.82
R3.32
R4.12
R4.25
R3.67
R3.60
R5.02
R5.78
R4.36
R6.26
R6.75
R8.56
R7.62
R7.23
R8.91
P4.80
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
85.1
80.7
74.7
68.8
59.8
47.4
42.6
36.9
35.2
32.7
30.3
29.7
25.5
24.5
19.4
18.1
16.1
18.8
19.8
20.8
22.7
22.1
23.7
24.1
23.4
R22.2
R20.5
P17.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.17
3.39
3.96
4.05
4.27
4.11
3.98
4.34
4.44
4.59
4.34
5.54
6.60
5.10
6.19
7.16
9.14
8.72
R8.50
R11.75
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R6.00
R4.70
R5.30
R5.29
R5.46
R5.15
R4.88
R5.22
R5.25
R5.37
R5.00
R6.25
R7.28
R5.54
R6.58
R7.40
R9.14
R8.45
R8.01
R10.83
NA
0.28
.22
.27
.29
.32
.34
.38
.51
.77
1.06
1.32
1.48
1.81
2.27
2.89
3.48
3.58
3.70
3.55
2.43
2.32
2.33
2.43
2.38
2.18
2.36
2.61
2.28
2.02
2.69
2.78
2.40
2.62
4.38
4.61
33.68
5.57
6.11
R8.47
7.11
7.31
R9.26
P4.89

plants.
electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. See
Note 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.
4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used
primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in
the operation of fleet vehicles.
7 The percentage of the sectors consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available.
8 Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported natural
gas consumptionthis can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts related
to non-electric generating activities.
Notes: Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. The average
for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sector
Vehicle Fuel Prices
Prices
Real 6
R1.33
R1.00
R1.17
R1.19
R1.25
R1.28
R1.35
R1.66
R2.29
R2.99
R3.50
R3.66
R4.14
R4.75
R5.53
R6.28
R6.21
R6.19
R5.77
R3.86
R3.58
R3.48
R3.50
R3.30
R2.92
R3.08
R3.34
R2.85
R2.48
R3.24
R3.29
R2.81
R3.02
R4.94
R5.09
3,R3.99
R5.92
R6.31
R8.47
R6.89
R6.88
R8.54
P4.45
Percentage
of
Sector 7,8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
92.1
92.7
96.1
96.2
97.1
98.0
96.1
96.9
97.6
92.6
93.9
94.4
94.0
91.7
91.6
89.6
79.6
76.8
79.3
76.5
74.1
73.4
71.4
68.4
68.0
63.7
58.3
50.5
40.2
383.9
91.2
89.8
R91.3
93.4
92.2
R101.1
P101.2
by the total quantity consumed. Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 2, "Classification of
Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Web Page:
information.
Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: 1989-2008U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition."
2009Estimated by EIA as the average of the three previous annual values. Vehicle Fuel: EIA, Natural
Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. Electric Power Price: 1967-2004EIA, NGA, annual reports.
2005-2008EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (April 2010), Table 3. 2009EIA, Form EIA-923,
"Power Plant Operations Report." Electric Power Percentage of Sector: 1973-2001Calculated by
EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report
of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and predecessor forms), divided by the quantity of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973-1988, see Table 8.5b; for 1989-2001, see
Table 8.7b). 2002-2007Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and
independent power producers reported on Forms FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of
Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA-423, "Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report,"
divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (see Table 8.7b). 2008 and
2009Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," divided by the quantity of natural
gas consumed by the electric power sector (see Table 8.7b). All Other Data: 1967-2004EIA, NGA,
annual reports. 2005 forwardEIA, NGM (April 2010), Table 3.
201
Natural Gas
Note 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental gaseous fuels are any
substances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase the
volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,
propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,
or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.
Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels
are included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.
Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for
1980 forward, the amount consumed by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA.
These estimates are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous fuels)
data for Tables 1.3, 2.1b, 2.1c, 2.1d, and 2.1f (note: to avoid double-counting in
these tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are accounted for in their primary energy
category: Coal, Petroleum, or Biomass). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial,
other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas
used for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The estimated
consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector (residential, commercial,
other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that sectors natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption by the residential,
commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors (see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in Btu, the residential,
commercial, and other industrial values in cubic feet are multiplied by the End-Use
Sectors conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in cubic feet
are multiplied by the Electric Power Sector conversion factors (see Table A4).
Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of
the Btu values for the sectors.
Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics are
compiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distribution
companies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sector
from these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and then
balanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are the
following: Residential SectorConsumption by private households for space
heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial SectorConsumption by
nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The
202
commercial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
output primarily to support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments; Industrial SectorConsumption by establishments engaged primarily
in processing unfinished materials into another form of product (including mining;
petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning in 1996, agriculture, forestry,
and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease and plant fuel. The industrial
sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output
primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities; Transportation
SectorNatural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, and natural gas delivered for
use as vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)Consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output at electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose
Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form
EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and
Disposition. As a result, for 1989-1992, those volumes are probably included in
both the industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in total consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reported as delivered to nonutility
generators.
Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, for 1992 forward, natural gas
vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. These revisions,
in million cubic feet, are: 19922,112; 19932,860; 19943,222; 19954,619;
19966,111; 19978,393; 19989,416; 199910,398; 200011,461; 200113,788;
200215,810; 200317,484; 200421,487; 200522,578; 200623,317; 200724,186;
and 200824,659.
Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices. For 1973-1982,
data for electric power sector natural gas prices include all electric utility plants at
which the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units combined
totaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peaking units are also included
and counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater total. For 1983-1990, data
include all electric utility plants at which the generator nameplate capacity of all
steam-electric units combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. For 1991-2001,
data include all electric utility plants at which the generator nameplate capacity
of all steam-electric units and combined-cycle units together totaled 50 megawatts or greater. For 2002 forward, data include electric utility and independent
power producer plants at which the total facility fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of unit type.
Coal
Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 7.0
Coal Flow, 2009

(Million Short Tons)
1
Includes fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste that are consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors.
Notes: Production categories are estimated; other data are preliminary. Values are
derived from source data prior to rounding for publication. Totals may not equal sum of
205
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2009
Million Short Tons
1,500
1,000
Production
500
Consumption
Net Exports
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Overview, 2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Production as Share of Consumption by Type of Fossil Fuel, 1949-2009

125
1,500
Coal
100
1,000
1,000
Percent
Million Short Tons
1,073
75
Natural Gas
50
Petroleum
500
25
23
59
0
Production
1
2
206
Imports
Exports
Consumption
Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.

Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production as share of petroleum products supplied.
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Production 1
480.6
560.4
490.8
434.3
527.0
612.7
560.9
602.5
598.6
610.0
654.6
684.9
697.2
670.2
781.1
829.7
823.8
838.1
782.1
895.9
883.6
890.3
918.8
950.3
980.7
1,029.1
996.0
997.5
945.4
1,033.5
1,033.0
1,063.9
1,089.9
1,117.5
1,100.4
1,073.6
11,127.7
1,094.3
1,071.8
1,112.1
1,131.5
1,162.7
1,146.6
R1,171.8
1,072.8
Waste Coal
Supplied 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.4
3.3
4.0
6.3
8.1
8.2
8.6
8.8
8.1
8.7
8.7
9.1
10.1
9.1
10.0
11.3
13.4
14.4
14.1
R14.1
12.4
Imports
Exports
0.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
2.1
.9
1.2
1.6
3.0
2.1
1.2
1.0
.7
1.3
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.7
2.1
2.9
2.7
3.4
3.8
8.2
8.9
9.5
8.1
7.5
8.7
9.1
12.5
19.8
16.9
25.0
27.3
30.5
36.2
36.3
34.2
22.6
32.8
29.4
54.4
38.0
51.0
71.7
57.3
56.7
53.6
60.7
66.3
60.0
54.3
40.7
66.0
91.7
112.5
106.3
77.8
81.5
92.7
85.5
79.6
95.0
100.8
105.8
109.0
102.5
74.5
71.4
88.5
90.5
83.5
78.0
58.5
58.5
48.7
39.6
43.0
48.0
49.9
49.6
59.2
81.5
59.1
1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,
and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).
2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in
1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal
included in "Consumption."
3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase.
5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal
supplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.
6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Net Imports 3
-32.5
-29.0
-54.1
-37.7
-50.8
-71.7
-57.2
-56.7
-53.5
-58.6
-65.4
-58.8
-52.7
-37.8
-64.0
-90.5
-111.5
-105.5
-76.5
-80.2
-90.7
-83.3
-77.9
-92.9
-98.0
-103.1
-105.6
-98.7
-66.3
-62.5
-79.1
-82.4
-76.1
-69.3
-49.4
-46.0
-28.9
-22.7
-18.0
-20.7
-19.5
-13.4
-22.8
-47.3
-36.5
Stock Change 4
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
-8.9
32.2
8.5
22.6
-4.9
36.2
25.6
-19.0
22.6
-29.5
28.7
-27.9
4.0
6.5
-24.9
-13.7
26.5
-.9
-3.0
-51.9
23.6
-.3
-17.5
-11.3
24.2
24.0
-48.3
41.6
10.2
-26.7
-11.5
-9.7
42.6
5.8
R12.4
33.7
Losses and
Unaccounted for 5
6-35.1
637.3
6-10.3
6-1.5
64.1
617.7
62.2
621.5
6-17.5
2.0
-5.5
13.8
-3.4
12.1
.4
10.8
-1.4
3.1
-1.6
-4.3
2.8
-1.2
-2.5
-1.3
2.9
-1.7
-3.9
.5
-4.9
4.3
.6
1.4
3.7
-4.4
-2.9
.9
7.1
4.0
-4.4
6.9
9.1
8.8
4.1
R5.7
14.6
Consumption
483.2
494.1
447.0
398.1
472.0
523.2
501.6
524.3
562.6
558.4
562.6
603.8
625.3
625.2
680.5
702.7
732.6
706.9
736.7
791.3
818.0
804.2
836.9
883.6
895.0
904.5
899.2
907.7
944.1
951.3
962.1
1,006.3
1,029.5
1,037.1
1,038.6
1,084.1
1,060.1
1,066.4
1,094.9
1,107.3
1,126.0
1,112.3
1,128.0
R1,120.5
1,000.4
Notes: See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages:
For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.
Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal Supplied: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 2001EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants. 2002
forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2009 (April 2010), Table ES-1. Imports:
1949-2001U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." 2002
forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2009 (April 2010), Table ES-1. Exports: Table
7.4. Stock Change: Table 7.5. Losses and Unaccounted for: Calculated. Consumption: Table 7.3.
207
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2009

Total
By Rank
1,500
800
900
1.1 billion short tons

in 2009
600
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
1,200
300
Bituminous
Coal
600
400
Subbituminous Coal
200
Lignite
0
1950
Anthracite
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Mining Method
1950
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
1980
1990
2000
1990
2000
800
600
Surface
300
Underground
1960
1970
Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969.
208
1970
By Location
900
0
1950
1960
1980
1990
2000
East of the Mississippi
600
400
200
West of the Mississippi
0
1950
1960
Source: Table 7.2.
1970
1980
Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Rank
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Bituminous
Coal 1
437.9
516.3
464.6
415.5
512.1
578.5
521.3
556.8
543.5
545.7
577.5
588.4
581.0
534.0
612.3
628.8
608.0
620.2
568.6
649.5
613.9
620.1
636.6
638.1
659.8
693.2
650.7
651.8
576.7
640.3
613.8
630.7
653.8
640.6
601.7
574.3
1611.3
572.1
541.5
561.5
571.2
561.6
542.8
R555.3
E493.7
Subbituminous
Coal
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
16.4
22.2
27.5
33.9
42.2
51.1
64.8
82.1
96.8
121.5
147.7
159.7
160.9
151.0
179.2
192.7
189.6
200.2
223.5
231.2
244.3
255.3
252.2
274.9
300.5
328.0
340.3
345.1
385.9
406.7
409.2
434.4
438.4
442.6
465.4
474.7
515.3
523.7
R539.1
E504.7
Mining Method
Lignite
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
8.0
8.7
11.0
14.3
15.5
19.8
25.5
28.2
34.4
42.5
47.2
50.7
52.4
58.3
63.1
72.4
76.4
78.4
85.1
86.4
88.1
86.5
90.1
89.5
88.1
86.5
88.1
86.3
85.8
87.2
85.6
80.0
82.5
86.4
83.5
83.9
84.2
78.6
75.7
E72.5
Anthracite 1
Underground
Surface 1
East of the
Mississippi 1
West of the
Mississippi 1
Total 1
358.9
421.0
358.0
292.6
338.0
340.5
277.2
305.0
300.1
278.0
293.5
295.5
266.6
242.8
320.9
337.5
316.5
339.2
300.4
352.1
350.8
360.4
372.9
382.2
393.8
424.5
407.2
407.2
351.1
399.1
396.2
409.8
420.7
417.7
391.8
373.7
380.6
357.4
352.8
367.6
368.6
359.0
351.8
R357.1
E331.6
121.7
139.4
132.9
141.7
189.0
272.1
283.7
297.4
298.5
332.1
361.2
389.4
430.6
427.4
460.2
492.2
507.3
499.0
481.7
543.9
532.8
529.9
545.9
568.1
586.9
604.5
588.8
590.3
594.4
634.4
636.7
654.0
669.3
699.8
708.6
700.0
1747.1
736.9
719.0
744.5
762.9
803.7
794.8
R814.7
E741.1
444.2
524.4
464.2
413.0
499.5
567.8
509.9
538.2
522.1
518.1
543.7
548.8
533.3
487.2
559.7
578.7
553.9
564.3
507.4
587.6
558.7
564.4
581.9
579.6
599.0
630.2
591.3
588.6
516.2
566.3
544.2
563.7
579.4
570.6
529.6
507.5
1528.8
492.9
469.2
484.8
493.8
490.8
478.2
R493.3
E447.9
36.4
36.0
26.6
21.3
27.4
44.9
51.0
64.3
76.4
91.9
110.9
136.1
163.9
183.0
221.4
251.0
269.9
273.9
274.7
308.3
324.9
325.9
336.8
370.7
381.7
398.9
404.7
409.0
429.2
467.2
488.7
500.2
510.6
547.0
570.8
566.1
1598.9
601.4
602.5
627.3
637.7
672.0
668.5
R678.5
E624.9
480.6
560.4
490.8
434.3
527.0
612.7
560.9
602.5
598.6
610.0
654.6
684.9
697.2
670.2
781.1
829.7
823.8
838.1
782.1
895.9
883.6
890.3
918.8
950.3
980.7
1,029.1
996.0
997.5
945.4
1,033.5
1,033.0
1,063.9
1,089.9
1,117.5
1,100.4
1,073.6
11,127.7
1,094.3
1,071.8
1,112.1
1,131.5
1,162.7
1,146.6
R1,171.8
P1,072.8
42.7
44.1
26.2
18.8
14.9
9.7
8.7
7.1
6.8
6.6
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.0
4.8
6.1
5.4
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.7
4.3
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.7
5.3
4.8
4.6
11.9
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.7
E1.9
Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

Included in "Bituminous Coal."
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "CoalBituminous and Lignite" and
"CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy
Data Reports, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977
2
Location
and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and Mine
Operations1977; 1978, CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Coal Production, annual reports.
1979 and 1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Report and Coal Production, annual reports.
1981-1988EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal Production, annual reports. 1989-2000EIA,
Coal Industry Annual, annual reports. 2001-2008EIA, Annual Coal Report, annual reports.
2009EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2009 (April 2010), Table 1; EIA, Form EIA-7A,
"Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form
7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
209
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

1,200
Million Short Tons
900
Electric Power
600
Residential, Commercial,
and Transportation
300
Industrial
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1,200
100
1949
94
2009
75
Percent
Million Short Tons
937
900
600
300
44
25
(s)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Electric Power
17
15
13
11
61
1
Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-only
plants.
2
For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in Industrial.
210
50
6
(s)
(s)
Residential
Commercial
()
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
3
(s)=Less than 0.5.
Source: Table 7.3.
Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Commercial Sector 1
Industrial Sector
Other Industrial
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
Residential
Sector 1
52.4
51.6
35.6
24.2
14.6
9.0
7.4
5.0
4.1
3.7
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.2
1.7
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
.9
.8
.7
.7
.5
.6
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.4
.3
.4
.4
.3
CHP 3
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
R2.0
1.8
Other 4
64.1
63.0
32.9
16.8
11.0
7.1
7.8
6.7
7.0
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.4
7.3
6.7
5.1
6.1
6.8
7.1
7.4
6.1
5.9
5.3
5.6
3.7
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
4.0
2.9
2.8
2.1
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.7
2.4
1.1
1.2
R1.1
1.1
Total
64.1
63.0
32.9
16.8
11.0
7.1
7.8
6.7
7.0
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.4
7.3
6.7
5.1
6.1
6.8
7.1
7.4
6.1
5.9
5.3
5.6
4.9
5.4
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.8
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.7
4.6
4.3
2.9
3.2
3.2
2.9
Coke Plants
91.4
104.0
107.7
81.4
95.3
96.5
83.2
87.7
94.1
90.2
83.6
84.7
77.7
71.4
77.4
66.7
61.0
40.9
37.0
44.0
41.1
35.9
37.0
41.9
40.5
38.9
33.9
32.4
31.3
31.7
33.0
31.7
30.2
28.2
28.1
28.9
26.1
23.7
24.2
23.7
23.4
23.0
22.7
22.1
15.3
CHP 5
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
24.9
27.8
27.0
28.2
28.9
29.7
29.4
29.4
29.9
28.6
27.8
28.0
25.8
26.2
24.8
26.6
25.9
25.3
22.5
R21.9
19.7
Non-CHP 6
121.2
120.6
110.1
96.0
105.6
90.2
75.6
72.9
68.0
64.9
63.6
61.8
61.5
63.1
67.7
60.3
67.4
64.1
66.0
73.7
75.4
75.6
75.2
76.3
51.3
48.5
48.4
45.8
46.0
45.5
43.7
42.3
41.7
38.9
37.0
37.2
39.5
34.5
36.4
35.6
34.5
34.2
34.1
R32.5
25.7
See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section.
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."
3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only
plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.
4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP."
7 Included in "Commercial Other."
8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Notes: See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c
Total
121.2
120.6
110.1
96.0
105.6
90.2
75.6
72.9
68.0
64.9
63.6
61.8
61.5
63.1
67.7
60.3
67.4
64.1
66.0
73.7
75.4
75.6
75.2
76.3
76.1
76.3
75.4
74.0
74.9
75.2
73.1
71.7
71.5
67.4
64.7
65.2
65.3
60.7
61.3
62.2
60.3
59.5
56.6
R54.4
45.4
Total
212.6
224.6
217.8
177.4
200.8
186.6
158.9
160.6
162.1
155.1
147.2
146.5
139.2
134.5
145.1
127.0
128.4
105.0
103.0
117.8
116.4
111.5
112.1
118.1
116.6
115.2
109.3
106.4
106.2
106.9
106.1
103.4
101.7
95.6
92.8
94.1
91.3
84.4
85.5
85.9
83.8
82.4
79.3
R76.5
60.7
Transportation
Sector
Electricity
Only
CHP
70.2
63.0
17.0
3.0
.7
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
84.0
91.9
143.8
176.7
244.8
320.2
327.3
351.8
389.2
391.8
406.0
448.4
477.1
481.2
527.1
569.3
596.8
593.7
625.2
664.4
693.8
685.1
717.9
758.4
767.4
774.2
773.2
781.2
816.6
821.2
832.9
878.8
904.2
920.4
924.7
967.1
946.1
960.1
983.5
994.8
1,015.6
1,004.8
1,022.8
R1,017.8
917.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.8
8.4
10.7
13.9
15.1
17.1
17.3
18.1
17.1
16.3
16.2
18.7
18.4
17.4
21.6
21.5
21.8
21.9
22.3
R22.8
19.1
Total
Total
84.0
91.9
143.8
176.7
244.8
320.2
327.3
351.8
389.2
391.8
406.0
448.4
477.1
481.2
527.1
569.3
596.8
593.7
625.2
664.4
693.8
685.1
717.9
758.4
772.2
782.6
783.9
795.1
831.6
838.4
850.2
896.9
921.4
936.6
940.9
985.8
964.4
977.5
1,005.1
1,016.3
1,037.5
1,026.6
1,045.1
R1,040.6
936.5
483.2
494.1
447.0
398.1
472.0
523.2
501.6
524.3
562.6
558.4
562.6
603.8
625.3
625.2
680.5
702.7
732.6
706.9
736.7
791.3
818.0
804.2
836.9
883.6
895.0
904.5
899.2
907.7
944.1
951.3
962.1
1,006.3
1,029.5
1,037.1
1,038.6
1,084.1
1,060.1
1,066.4
1,094.9
1,107.3
1,126.0
1,112.3
1,128.0
R1,120.5
1,000.4
for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of
section. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Web Pages:

Sources: Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.5b,
8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook,
"CoalBituminous and Lignite" and "CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976 and
CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977 and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, CoalPennsylvania
Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. 1979 and 1980EIA, Energy Data Report, Weekly
Coal Report. 1981-2002EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly reports.
2003 forwardEIA, QCR October-December 2009 (April 2010), Table 27.
211
Figure 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2009
125
12
10.6
10
75
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
100
Total
50
7.4
5.9
4.6
3.4
2.7
25
0
1960
Europe
2.3
2
0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Canada
2005
Brazil
Netherlands
United
Kingdom
France
Belgium
By Selected Country, 1960-2009

30
Million Short Tons
Japan
20
Canada
10
Netherlands
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Brazil
1985
1990
Source: Table 7.4.
212
1995
2000
2005
Italy
Table 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009

Europe
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Canada
12.8
12.1
12.3
14.6
14.8
16.3
16.5
15.8
17.1
17.3
19.1
18.0
18.7
16.7
14.2
17.3
16.9
17.7
15.7
19.5
17.5
18.2
18.6
17.2
20.4
16.4
14.5
16.2
19.2
16.8
15.5
11.2
15.1
8.9
9.2
9.4
12.0
15.0
20.7
19.8
18.8
17.6
16.7
20.8
17.8
19.5
19.9
18.4
23.0
10.6
Brazil
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.3
2.0
2.2
2.3
1.5
2.8
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.7
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.3
5.7
5.8
7.1
6.4
5.2
5.5
6.4
6.5
7.5
6.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
3.5
3.5
4.4
4.2
4.5
6.5
6.4
7.4
Belgium 1
1.1
1.0
1.3
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.1
.9
1.9
.8
1.1
1.2
1.1
.6
2.2
1.5
1.1
3.2
4.6
4.3
4.8
2.5
3.9
4.4
4.4
4.6
6.5
7.1
8.5
7.5
7.2
5.2
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.3
3.2
2.1
2.9
2.8
2.4
1.8
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.1
3.1
2.7
Denmark
0.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
1.7
3.9
2.8
1.7
.6
2.2
2.1
.9
2.8
3.2
3.2
4.7
3.8
.3
.5
2.1
1.3
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4
.3
France
0.8
.7
.9
2.7
2.2
2.1
1.6
2.1
1.5
2.3
3.6
3.2
1.7
2.0
2.7
3.6
3.5
2.1
1.7
3.9
7.8
9.7
9.0
4.2
3.8
4.5
5.4
2.9
4.3
6.5
6.9
9.5
8.1
4.0
2.9
3.7
3.9
3.4
3.2
2.5
3.0
2.2
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.4
3.5
3.4
Germany 2
4.6
4.3
5.1
5.6
5.2
4.7
4.9
4.7
3.8
3.5
5.0
2.9
2.4
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.0
.9
.6
2.6
2.5
4.3
2.3
1.5
.9
1.1
.8
.5
.7
.7
1.1
1.7
1.0
.5
.3
2.0
1.1
.9
1.2
.6
1.0
.9
1.0
.5
.6
.7
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.5
Italy
Netherlands
4.9
4.8
6.0
7.9
8.1
9.0
7.8
5.9
4.3
3.7
4.3
2.7
3.7
3.3
3.9
4.5
4.2
4.1
3.2
5.0
7.1
10.5
11.3
8.1
7.6
10.3
10.4
9.5
11.1
11.2
11.9
11.3
9.3
6.9
7.5
9.1
9.2
7.0
5.3
4.0
3.7
5.4
3.1
2.8
2.1
2.5
3.3
3.5
3.2
2.3
Through 1999, includes Luxembourg.

Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for
Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.
P=Preliminary. NA = Not Available. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
2
2.8
2.6
3.3
5.0
4.2
3.4
3.2
2.2
1.5
1.6
2.1
1.6
2.3
1.8
2.6
2.1
3.5
2.0
1.1
2.0
4.7
6.8
5.9
4.2
5.5
6.3
5.6
4.1
5.1
6.1
8.4
9.6
9.1
5.6
4.9
7.3
7.1
4.8
4.5
3.4
2.6
2.1
1.7
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.1
4.6
7.0
5.9
Spain
0.3
.2
.8
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.8
3.2
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.7
2.5
1.6
.8
1.4
3.4
6.4
5.6
3.3
2.3
3.5
2.6
2.5
2.5
3.3
3.8
4.7
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.7
4.1
4.1
3.2
2.5
2.7
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.9
1.6
1.5
2.4
1.7
Turkey
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
2.2
2.4
.8
2.0
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.3
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.6
.8
1.8
.9
.6
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.9
1.4
United
Kingdom
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.7
2.4
.9
1.4
1.9
.8
.6
.4
1.4
4.1
2.3
2.0
1.2
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.7
4.5
5.2
6.2
5.6
4.1
3.4
4.7
6.2
7.2
5.9
3.2
3.3
2.5
1.9
1.5
2.0
1.8
2.6
3.4
5.8
4.6
Other
Total
Japan
Other
Total
2.4
2.0
1.8
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.1
1.3
.9
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.2
4.4
6.0
8.2
6.0
4.7
3.9
8.1
5.9
5.8
6.4
7.2
7.4
8.2
6.6
5.3
6.0
8.7
7.7
7.1
5.3
3.5
3.9
2.4
1.8
2.1
2.3
4.1
4.2
5.8
10.6
5.3
17.1
15.7
19.1
27.7
26.0
25.1
23.1
19.4
15.5
15.2
21.8
16.6
16.9
14.4
16.1
19.0
19.9
15.0
11.0
23.9
41.9
57.0
51.3
33.1
32.8
45.1
42.6
34.2
45.1
51.6
58.4
65.5
57.3
37.6
35.8
48.6
47.2
41.3
33.8
22.5
25.0
20.8
15.6
15.1
15.2
18.8
20.8
27.1
40.3
30.1
5.6
6.6
6.5
6.1
6.5
7.5
7.8
12.2
15.8
21.4
27.6
19.7
18.0
19.2
27.3
25.4
18.8
15.9
10.1
15.7
23.1
25.9
25.8
17.9
16.3
15.4
11.4
11.1
14.1
13.8
13.3
12.3
12.3
11.9
10.2
11.8
10.5
8.0
7.7
5.0
4.4
2.1
1.3
(s)
4.4
2.1
.3
(s)
1.7
.9
1.3
1.0
1.0
.9
1.1
.9
1.0
1.0
.9
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.6
2.1
3.5
2.5
4.1
6.0
8.7
7.5
6.1
7.2
9.9
11.4
12.3
11.3
12.9
12.7
13.0
11.4
11.0
10.7
12.4
14.2
11.8
9.4
6.7
5.8
3.6
2.6
3.6
6.2
5.4
4.1
7.1
10.1
10.1
38.0
36.4
40.2
50.4
49.5
51.0
50.1
50.1
51.2
56.9
71.7
57.3
56.7
53.6
60.7
66.3
60.0
54.3
40.7
66.0
91.7
112.5
106.3
77.8
81.5
92.7
85.5
79.6
95.0
100.8
105.8
109.0
102.5
74.5
71.4
88.5
90.5
83.5
78.0
58.5
58.5
48.7
39.6
43.0
48.0
49.9
49.6
59.2
81.5
59.1
Sources: 1960-1988U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports by

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. 1989-2000U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Coal
Industry Annual, annual reports. 2001 forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December,
quarterly reports; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545."
213
Figure 7.5 Coal Stocks

Total and Electric Power Sector Stocks, 1949-2009
250
By Holding Entity, 2009

200
Total
190
175
200
150
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
150
Electric
Power
Sector
100
125
100
75
50
41
50
25
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Electric
Power Sector
Producers
and Distributors
Industrial
Sector
By Holding Entity, 1949-2009

200
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
Producers and Distributors

Industrial Sector
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
214
1980
1985
1990

Source: Table 7.5.
1995
2000
2005
Table 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Consumers
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Producers
and
Distributors
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12.5
11.6
12.1
14.2
14.2
20.7
20.8
24.4
24.1
36.8
33.9
34.1
33.1
32.1
28.3
30.4
29.0
33.4
33.0
34.0
25.3
33.2
34.4
28.6
34.0
36.5
39.5
31.9
35.9
43.3
38.3
41.2
35.0
36.5
34.0
R34.7
E41.3
Residential
and Commercial
Sectors
1.4
2.5
1.0
.7
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.5
Industrial Sector
Coke Plants
10.0
16.8
13.4
11.1
10.6
9.0
7.3
9.1
7.0
6.2
8.8
9.9
12.8
8.3
10.2
9.1
6.5
4.6
4.3
6.2
3.4
3.0
3.9
3.1
2.9
3.3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.4
.9
1.3
2.6
2.9
1.9
2.3
2.0
Other
16.1
26.2
15.9
11.6
13.1
11.8
5.6
7.6
10.4
6.6
8.5
7.1
11.1
9.0
11.8
12.0
9.9
9.5
8.7
11.3
10.4
10.4
10.8
8.8
7.4
8.7
7.1
7.0
6.7
6.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.6
4.6
6.0
5.8
4.7
4.8
5.6
6.5
5.6
6.0
5.1
1 Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in
1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.
3 Included in "Industrial Sector Other."
Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Total
26.0
43.0
29.3
22.8
23.8
20.8
12.9
16.7
17.4
12.8
17.3
17.0
23.9
17.3
21.9
21.0
16.4
14.1
13.1
17.5
13.9
13.4
14.7
11.9
10.2
12.0
9.8
9.6
9.1
9.2
8.3
8.4
7.6
7.6
7.5
6.1
7.5
7.2
5.6
6.2
8.2
9.4
7.6
8.3
7.1
Transportation
Sector
Electric
Power
Sector 2
Total
Total
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22.1
31.8
41.4
51.7
54.5
71.9
77.8
99.7
87.0
83.5
110.7
117.4
133.2
128.2
159.7
183.0
168.9
181.1
155.6
179.7
156.4
161.8
170.8
146.5
135.9
156.2
157.9
154.1
111.3
126.9
126.3
114.6
98.8
120.5
141.6
102.3
138.5
141.7
121.6
106.7
101.1
141.0
151.2
R161.6
190.0
49.5
77.3
71.7
75.2
78.6
93.0
91.0
116.8
104.6
96.6
128.3
134.7
157.3
145.9
182.0
204.0
185.3
195.3
168.7
197.2
170.2
175.2
185.5
158.4
146.1
168.2
167.7
163.7
120.5
136.1
134.6
123.0
106.4
128.1
149.1
108.4
146.0
148.9
127.2
112.9
109.3
150.4
158.8
R170.4
197.6
49.5
77.3
71.7
75.2
78.6
93.0
91.0
116.8
117.2
108.2
140.4
148.9
171.5
166.6
202.8
228.4
209.4
232.0
202.6
231.3
203.4
207.3
213.8
188.8
175.1
201.6
200.7
197.7
145.7
169.4
169.1
151.6
140.4
164.6
188.6
140.3
181.9
192.1
165.5
154.0
144.3
186.9
192.8
R205.1
238.8
Web Pages:

Sources: Electric Power Sector: Table 8.8. All Other Data: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines,
Minerals Yearbook, "CoalBituminous and Lignite" and "CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters.
1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, CoalBituminous and
Lignite in 1976 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977 and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports,
CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. 1979EIA, Energy Data Report,
Weekly Coal Report. 1980-2002EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly
reports. 2003 forwardEIA, QCR October-December 2009 (April 2010), Table 32.
215
Figure 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity

Mining Methods, 2009
5.61 in 2009
4
1.77 in 1978
1960
1970
1980
1990
9.15
3.01
2000
Mining Method,1 1949-2009
20
0
1950
Location, 2009
12
Peak: 6.99 in 2000
Total, 1949-2009
Underground
16.12
15
10
5
2.94
Surface
East of the
Mississippi
West of the
Mississippi
By Region and Mining Method, 2009
12
24
6
Underground
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.
Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.
216
19.83
18
12
5.45
6
2.77
3.27
0
1950
Surface
Underground
Surface
East of Mississippi
Source: Table 7.6.
Underground
Surface
West of Mississippi
Table 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Short Tons per Employee Hour 1)
Mining Method
Location
East of the Mississippi
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
West of the Mississippi
Underground
Surface 2
Underground
Surface 2
Total 2
Underground
Surface 2
Total 2
Total 2
30.68
31.92
3.72
31.96
31.04
32.65
31.33
32.91
31.75
34.10
31.72
34.53
31.50
34.49
31.49
34.54
31.46
34.58
31.41
34.74
31.19
33.26
31.14
33.25
31.09
33.16
31.04
33.03
1.13
1.20
1.29
1.37
1.61
1.72
1.78
2.00
2.20
2.38
2.46
2.54
2.69
2.93
2.95
3.19
3.39
3.57
3.83
3.90
3.99
4.15
4.02
3.98
4.04
3.96
3.62
3.37
3.34
R3.15
3.01
3.08
3.21
3.42
3.36
3.81
4.03
4.24
4.60
4.98
5.32
5.61
5.94
6.38
6.59
7.23
7.67
8.48
9.05
9.46
9.58
10.39
11.01
210.58
10.36
10.75
10.55
10.03
10.18
10.24
R9.81
9.15
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.69
1.75
1.96
2.16
2.32
2.39
2.46
2.59
2.82
2.81
3.02
3.19
3.36
3.63
3.69
3.74
3.89
3.71
3.67
3.68
3.59
3.28
3.06
3.03
R2.87
2.77
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.56
2.52
2.75
2.97
2.99
3.13
3.32
3.49
3.61
3.74
3.85
4.03
4.25
4.49
4.31
4.48
4.82
24.53
4.22
4.18
3.95
3.75
3.74
3.74
3.58
3.27
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.98
2.00
2.21
2.42
2.54
2.63
2.73
2.86
3.07
3.11
3.28
3.45
3.63
3.89
3.89
3.97
4.18
23.98
3.86
3.85
3.72
3.44
3.29
3.27
R3.12
2.94
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.49
2.45
2.80
3.39
3.55
3.92
4.01
4.53
4.85
5.18
5.93
6.32
7.03
6.82
6.76
7.45
7.66
8.39
7.80
8.33
8.22
7.48
6.62
6.52
R6.07
5.45
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.15
8.61
9.02
9.86
10.73
11.86
12.26
12.36
12.49
13.94
15.19
16.23
17.89
18.63
18.82
19.57
20.04
220.63
20.67
21.42
22.04
21.98
22.26
22.35
R21.85
19.83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.07
7.40
7.90
8.73
9.38
10.21
10.41
10.79
11.03
12.14
13.22
14.18
15.66
16.04
16.27
17.18
17.62
218.32
18.06
18.67
19.00
18.50
18.33
18.23
R17.77
16.12
0.72
.76
1.14
1.52
2.09
2.30
2.19
2.18
2.16
2.31
1.81
1.78
1.80
1.77
1.81
1.93
2.10
2.11
2.50
2.64
2.74
3.01
3.30
3.55
3.70
3.83
4.09
4.36
4.70
4.98
5.38
5.69
6.04
6.20
6.61
6.99
26.82
6.80
6.95
6.80
6.36
6.26
6.27
R5.96
5.61
1 Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 for
anthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee daythese data were converted to short
tons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated by
dividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginning
in 1998, the calculation also includes office workers.
2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.
3 Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "CoalBituminous and Lignite" and

"CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy
Data Reports, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977
and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and Mine
Operations1977; 1978 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. 1979EIA, Energy Data
Report, Coal Production1979. 1980-1988EIA, Coal Production, annual reports. 1989-2000EIA,
Coal Industry Annual, annual reports. 2001-2008EIA, Annual Coal Report, annual reports.
2009EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and
Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
217
Figure 7.7 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2009
80
Million Short Tons
60
40
Consumption
20
Production
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
Overview, 2009
12
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Trade, 1949-2009
8
11.1
10.3
10
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
6
8
6
4
Imports
2
2
Exports
1.3
0.3
0
Production
Imports
Exports
Consumption
1950
1960
1970
Source: Table 7.7.
218
1980
1990
2000
Table 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Production
Imports
Exports
Net Imports 1
Stock Change 2
Consumption 3
63.6
72.7
75.3
57.2
66.9
66.5
57.4
60.5
64.3
61.6
57.2
58.3
53.5
49.0
52.9
46.1
42.8
28.1
25.8
30.4
28.4
24.9
26.3
28.9
28.0
27.6
24.0
23.4
23.2
22.7
23.7
23.1
22.1
20.0
20.0
20.8
18.9
16.8
17.2
16.9
16.7
16.4
16.2
15.6
11.1
0.3
.4
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
1.1
3.5
1.8
1.3
1.8
5.7
4.0
.7
.5
.1
(s)
.6
.6
.3
.9
2.7
2.3
.8
1.2
2.1
2.2
3.3
3.8
2.5
3.1
3.8
3.2
3.8
2.5
3.2
2.8
6.9
3.5
4.1
2.5
3.6
.3
0.5
.4
.5
.4
.8
2.5
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
.7
1.4
2.1
1.2
1.0
.7
1.0
1.1
1.0
.6
1.1
1.1
.6
.8
.7
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.1
.9
1.1
1.3
.8
.7
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.4
2.0
1.3
-0.3
(s)
-.4
-.2
-.7
-2.3
-1.3
-1.0
-.3
2.3
.5
(s)
.6
5.0
2.5
-1.4
-.6
-.9
-.6
-.5
-.5
-.7
.3
1.6
1.2
.2
.4
1.4
1.1
2.4
2.5
.9
1.9
2.7
2.3
2.6
1.2
2.5
2.0
5.6
1.8
2.5
1.0
1.6
-1.0
0.2
-.7
-1.2
.1
.7
1.0
-.6
-.6
-1.7
-.2
4.1
1.5
(s)
-2.9
1.7
3.4
-1.9
1.5
-4.7
.2
-1.2
-.5
-1.0
.5
.3
(s)
.2
-.2
-.4
-.5
.4
(s)
(s)
-.4
-.1
.2
-.1
-.4
-.2
(s)
.3
.1
-.1
.3
-.1
63.2
73.4
76.1
56.9
65.4
63.2
56.7
60.0
65.8
64.1
53.7
56.8
54.1
56.9
53.8
41.3
44.0
25.8
29.9
29.7
29.1
24.7
27.7
30.0
28.9
27.8
24.2
25.0
24.7
25.6
25.8
24.0
24.0
23.1
22.4
23.2
20.2
19.6
19.4
22.5
18.2
18.8
17.3
17.0
10.3
Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a
positive value indicates an increase.
3 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.
P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
2
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coke and Coal Chemicals" chapter.
1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coke and Coal
Chemicals, annual reports. 1981-2002EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly
reports. 2003 forwardEIA, QCR October-December 2009 (April 2010), Table ES-2.
219
Figure 7.8 Coal Prices

Peak 1975: $57.65
Total, 1949-2009
Real (2005) Dollars per Short Ton
60
40
2009: $29.99
20
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Type, 1949-2009
1980
1995
2000
2005
70
90
60
Anthracite
Bituminous
Coal
30
Lignite
Subbituminous Coal
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Nominal Dollars per Short Ton
Real (2005) Dollars per Short Ton
1990
By Type, 2009
120
220
1985
60
60.35
54.25
50
40
32.92
30
21.53
20
13.71
10
0
Anthracite
Bituminous
Coal

Source: Table 7.8.
Lignite
Subbituminous
Coal
Total
Table 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009

(Dollars per Short Ton)
Bituminous Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009E
Nominal
Real
Lignite 1
Subbituminous Coal
3
44.90
4,R33.83
44.86
4,R33.19
44.51
4,R27.19
44.71
4,R25.33
44.45
4,R22.34
46.30
4,R25.91
47.13
4,R27.92
47.78
4,R29.21
48.71
4,R30.98
416.01
4,R52.21
419.79
4,R58.96
420.11
4,R56.67
420.59
4,R54.54
422.64
4,R56.04
27.31
29.17
31.51
32.15
31.11
30.63
30.78
28.84
28.19
27.66
27.40
27.43
27.49
26.78
26.15
25.68
25.56
25.17
24.64
24.87
23.92
24.15
25.36
26.57
26.73
30.56
36.80
39.32
40.80
R51.39
54.25
R62.41
R61.09
R60.34
R58.02
R54.01
R51.25
R49.99
R45.82
R43.53
R41.29
R39.41
R37.99
R36.77
R34.99
R33.43
R32.15
R31.35
R30.29
R29.14
R29.08
R27.57
R27.24
R27.98
R28.84
R28.41
R31.58
R36.80
R38.08
R38.41
R47.37
49.42
Nominal
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.55
11.08
12.18
13.37
13.03
12.41
12.57
12.26
11.32
10.45
10.16
9.70
9.68
9.68
9.33
8.37
8.10
7.87
7.42
6.96
6.87
7.12
6.67
7.34
7.73
8.12
8.68
9.95
10.69
R12.31
13.71
Real
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
R21.82
R23.20
R23.32
R24.13
R22.62
R20.76
R20.41
R19.48
R17.48
R15.60
R14.61
R13.43
R12.95
R12.65
R11.93
R10.48
R9.93
R9.47
R8.78
R8.14
R7.92
R8.03
R7.36
R7.97
R8.21
R8.39
R8.68
R9.64
R10.06
R11.35
12.49
Nominal
2.37
2.41
2.38
2.29
2.13
1.86
1.93
2.04
2.09
2.19
3.17
3.74
4.03
5.68
6.48
7.60
8.85
9.79
9.91
10.45
10.68
10.64
10.85
10.06
9.91
10.13
10.89
10.81
11.11
10.77
10.83
10.92
10.91
11.08
11.04
11.41
11.52
11.07
11.20
12.27
13.49
14.00
14.89
R16.50
21.53
1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977
and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.
4 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."
Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point
of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. For 1949-2000, prices are for open market
and captive coal sales; for 2001-2007, prices are for open market coal sales; for 2008 forward, prices are
for open market and captive coal sales. See "Captive Coal," "Free on Board (F.O.B.)," and "Open Market
Coal" in Glossary.
Anthracite
Real
R16.36
R16.46
R14.35
R12.31
R10.69
R7.65
R7.56
R7.66
R7.43
R7.14
R9.44
R10.54
R10.68
R14.06
R14.81
R15.92
R16.95
R17.67
R17.20
R17.48
R17.34
R16.91
R16.75
R15.02
R14.26
R14.03
R14.57
R14.12
R14.20
R13.48
R13.28
R13.14
R12.90
R12.96
R12.72
R12.87
R12.71
R12.02
R11.90
R12.68
R13.49
R13.56
R14.02
R15.21
19.61
Nominal
8.90
9.34
8.00
8.01
8.51
11.03
12.08
12.40
13.65
22.19
32.26
33.92
34.86
35.25
41.06
42.51
44.28
49.85
52.29
48.22
45.80
44.12
43.65
44.16
42.93
39.40
36.34
34.24
32.94
36.07
39.78
36.78
35.12
42.91
35.13
40.90
47.67
47.78
49.87
39.77
41.00
43.61
52.24
R60.76
60.35
Total
Real
R61.44
R63.78
R48.23
R43.07
R42.72
R45.36
R47.31
R46.56
R48.56
R72.36
R96.12
R95.58
R92.34
R87.25
R93.83
R89.02
R84.79
R89.96
R90.78
R80.68
R74.38
R70.10
R67.40
R65.92
R61.75
R54.57
R48.61
R44.74
R42.11
R45.16
R48.79
R44.27
R41.54
R50.18
R40.49
R46.14
R52.59
R51.87
R53.00
R41.10
R41.00
R42.23
R49.18
R56.01
54.98
Nominal
5.24
5.19
4.69
4.83
4.55
6.34
7.15
7.72
8.59
15.82
19.35
19.56
19.95
21.86
23.75
24.65
26.40
27.25
25.98
25.61
25.20
23.79
23.07
22.07
21.82
21.76
21.49
21.03
19.85
19.41
18.83
18.50
18.14
17.67
16.63
16.78
17.38
17.98
17.85
19.93
23.59
25.16
26.20
R31.25
32.92
Real 3
R36.17
R35.44
R28.28
R25.97
R22.84
R26.07
R28.00
R28.99
R30.56
R51.59
R57.65
R55.12
R52.85
R54.11
R54.27
R51.62
R50.55
R49.18
R45.10
R42.85
R40.93
R37.80
R35.62
R32.95
R31.39
R30.14
R28.75
R27.48
R25.38
R24.30
R23.09
R22.27
R21.45
R20.66
R19.17
R18.93
R19.17
R19.52
R18.97
R20.60
R23.59
R24.37
R24.67
R28.81
29.99
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook. 1976U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976, and BOM, Minerals
Yearbook. 1977 and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and
Mine Operations, and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite. 1979EIA, Coal Production, and Energy Data
Report, CoalPennsylvania Anthracite.
1980-1992EIA, Coal Production, annual reports.

1993-2000EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and unpublished revisions. 2001-2008EIA,
Annual Coal Report, annual reports. 2009EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S.
Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment
and Coal Production Report."
221
Coal
Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed
primarily from consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported
by all electric power companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal
consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based on
consumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Beginning in 2008, data
on coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors are based on
data received on Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and
Commercial and Institutional Users. Prior to 2008, data on coal consumption
by the residential and commercial sectors are based on distribution data
obtained annually from coal distributors. Included in each sectors data are the
following: Residential and Commercial Sectorscommercial and institutional
establishments including military bases, universities, and various State
facilities; Industrial Sectorconsumption at manufacturing plants, coking
plants, and coal preparation plants; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and
independent power producers)consumption for electric generation and useful
thermal output at electricity-only and CHP plants within the North American
222
Industry Classification System (NAICS) 22 category, whose primary business is

to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. There are no data for the
Transportation Sector.
Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates. Coal
consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) for the two sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount consumed by the sectors individually. To create the estimates, it is
first assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing unit consumes fuel at the same
Btu rate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then, for the years in which data are available on the number of occupied housing units by heating source (1950, 1960, 1970,
19731981, and subsequent odd-numbered years; see Table 2.7), residential
consumption of coal is estimated by the following steps: a ratio is created of the
number of occupied housing units heated by coal to the number of housing units
heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed by
the residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btu quantity of coal consumed by
the residential sector; and, finally, the amount estimated as the residential sector
consumption is subtracted from the residential and commercial sectors combined
consumption to derive the commercial sectors estimated consumption. The 1950
share is applied to 1949, and the other missing years shares are interpolated.
8
Electricity
High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 8.0
Electricity Flow, 2009

(Quadrillion Btu)
1
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels.
2
Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,
and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
3
Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram by
subtracting the T & D Losses estimate from T & D Losses and Unaccounted for derived from
Table 8.1.
4
Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.
5
Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of
generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated as 7 percent of gross generation.
6
Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that
consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial
process located within the same facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Notes: Data are preliminary. See Note, Electrical System Energy Losses, at the
end of Section 2. Net generation of electricity includes pumped storage facility production
minus energy used for pumping. Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for
Sources:
Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 4), and U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
225
Figure 8.1
Electricity Overview
Overview, 2009
Electricity Trade, 1949-2009
4,500
60
3,814
50
3,575
3,000
1,500
0
Electric
Power
Commercial
Net Generation
166
131
52
18
Industrial
Imports
Exports
Trade
40
Imports
30
20
10
Exports
Retail
Sales
Direct
Use
0
1950
End Use
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2009

(Billion Kilowatthours)
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

2
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy
service providers.
3
See Table 8.1, footnote 8.
226
Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of
generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, Electrical System Energy Losses, at
the end of Section 2.
5
Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Net Generation
Trade
Imports
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Electric Power
Sector 2
291
329
547
756
1,055
1,532
1,613
1,750
1,861
1,867
1,918
2,038
2,124
2,206
2,247
2,286
2,295
2,241
2,310
2,416
2,470
2,487
2,572
2,704
22,848
2,901
2,936
2,934
3,044
3,089
3,194
3,284
3,329
3,457
3,530
3,638
3,580
3,698
3,721
3,808
3,902
3,908
4,005
R3,974
3,814
Commercial
Sector 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industrial
Sector 4
Total
5
5
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4115
131
133
143
146
151
151
151
154
154
156
157
149
153
155
154
145
148
143
R137
131
296
334
550
759
1,058
1,535
1,616
1,753
1,864
1,870
1,921
2,041
2,127
2,209
2,251
2,290
2,298
2,244
2,313
2,419
2,473
2,490
2,575
2,707
2,967
3,038
3,074
3,084
3,197
3,248
3,353
3,444
3,492
3,620
3,695
3,802
3,737
3,858
3,883
3,971
4,055
4,065
4,157
R4,119
3,953
From Canada
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16
20
26
29
45
41
42
43
40
43
49
38
37
29
33
43
42
50
56
51
Exports
Total
2
2
5
5
4
6
7
10
17
15
11
11
20
21
23
25
36
33
39
42
46
41
52
39
26
18
22
28
31
47
43
43
43
40
43
49
39
37
30
34
45
43
51
57
52
Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports.
3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data
are for industrial hydroelectric power only.
5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and
delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.
6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy
2
To Canada
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16
2
2
3
1
2
2
7
12
13
13
16
15
24
22
19
23
20
23
17
End Use
1
Net Imports
Total
Total
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
4
4
4
3
3
3
5
2
3
1
2
4
3
4
3
3
5
5
6
7
15
16
2
3
4
2
4
3
9
14
14
15
16
16
24
23
20
24
20
24
18
2
2
4
5
(s)
2
4
8
14
13
6
9
17
20
20
21
33
29
35
40
41
36
46
32
11
2
20
25
28
45
39
40
34
26
29
34
22
21
6
11
25
18
31
33
34
T & D Losses 5
and
Unaccounted
for 6
Retail
Sales 7
Direct
Use 8
Total
43
44
58
76
104
145
150
166
165
177
180
194
197
211
200
216
184
187
198
173
190
158
164
161
222
203
207
212
224
211
229
231
224
221
240
244
202
248
228
266
269
266
264
R246
246
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,647
2,713
2,762
2,763
2,861
2,935
3,013
3,101
3,146
3,264
3,312
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
R3,733
3,575
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
109
125
124
134
139
146
151
153
156
161
172
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
159
R173
E166
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,756
2,837
2,886
2,897
3,001
3,081
3,164
3,254
3,302
3,425
3,484
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
3,924
R3,906
3,741
service providers.
8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the
power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the same
facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Pages:
For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.

227
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

By Source Category, 2009
By Source, 2009
Other1
2.7
5%
Total
(All Sectors)
Electric Power
Natural
Gas
23%
45%
Coal
7%
0.8
Hydroelectric
Power2
20%
0.4
Commercial and Industrial
0
1989
Nuclear
Electric Power
0
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Fossil
Fuels
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy
2.5
Coal
2.0
1.5
1.0
Other
0.5

Hydroelectric
Power
Natural Gas
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, solar thermal and photovoltaic,
batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,
and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
228
1980
1985
1990
1995
Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.
2000
2005
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2009
Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009
5
3.8
4
Electricity-Only Plants
1
0.1
Electric Power
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
(s)
0
Industrial
0
1989
Commercial
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2009

90
Industrial
Commercial
75
60
30
26
14
8
(ss)
0
Natural Gas
Wood
Coal
()
Other Gases
fossil fuels.
2
Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
(ss)
Petroleum
(ss)
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Waste
Other
= No data reported.
(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.
(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.
229
Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
135.5
154.5
301.4
403.1
570.9
704.4
713.1
771.1
847.7
828.4
852.8
944.4
985.2
975.7
1,075.0
1,161.6
1,203.2
1,192.0
1,259.4
1,341.7
1,402.1
1,385.8
1,463.8
1,540.7
1,583.8
1,594.0
1,590.6
1,621.2
1,690.1
1,690.7
1,709.4
1,795.2
1,845.0
1,873.5
1,881.1
1,966.3
1,904.0
1,933.1
1,973.7
1,978.3
2,012.9
1,990.5
2,016.5
R1,985.8
1,764.5
Petroleum
28.5
33.7
37.1
48.0
64.8
184.2
220.2
274.3
314.3
300.9
289.1
320.0
358.2
365.1
303.5
246.0
206.4
146.8
144.5
119.8
100.2
136.6
118.5
148.9
164.4
126.5
119.8
100.2
112.8
105.9
74.6
81.4
92.6
128.8
118.1
111.2
124.9
94.6
119.4
121.1
122.2
64.2
65.7
R46.2
38.8
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
Total
37.0
44.6
95.3
158.0
221.6
372.9
374.0
375.7
340.9
320.1
299.8
294.6
305.5
305.4
329.5
346.2
345.8
305.3
274.1
297.4
291.9
248.5
272.6
252.8
352.6
372.8
381.6
404.1
414.9
460.2
496.1
455.1
479.4
531.3
556.4
601.0
639.1
691.0
649.9
710.1
761.0
816.4
896.6
R883.0
920.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.9
10.4
11.3
13.3
13.0
13.3
13.9
14.4
13.4
13.5
14.1
14.0
9.0
11.5
15.6
15.3
13.5
14.2
13.5
R11.7
10.7
201.0
232.8
433.8
609.0
857.3
1,261.5
1,307.4
1,421.2
1,502.9
1,449.4
1,441.7
1,559.0
1,648.9
1,646.2
1,708.0
1,753.8
1,755.4
1,644.1
1,678.0
1,758.9
1,794.3
1,770.9
1,854.9
1,942.4
2,108.6
2,103.6
2,103.3
2,138.7
2,230.7
2,270.1
2,293.9
2,346.0
2,430.3
2,547.1
2,569.7
2,692.5
2,677.0
2,730.2
2,758.6
2,824.8
2,909.5
2,885.3
2,992.2
R2,926.7
2,734.4
Nuclear
Electric
Power
0.0
.0
.0
.5
3.7
21.8
38.1
54.1
83.5
114.0
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
798.7
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
-6.9
R-6.3
-4.3
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
94.8
100.9
116.2
149.4
197.0
251.0
269.5
275.9
275.4
304.2
303.2
286.9
223.6
283.5
283.1
279.2
263.8
312.4
335.3
324.3
284.3
294.0
252.9
226.1
272.0
292.9
289.0
253.1
280.5
260.1
310.8
347.2
356.5
323.3
319.5
275.6
217.0
264.3
275.8
268.4
270.3
289.2
247.5
R254.8
272.1
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
7 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
2
3
230
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
0.4
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.5
.7
.5
.8
.9
27.2
32.5
33.7
36.5
37.6
37.9
36.5
36.8
36.9
36.3
37.0
37.6
35.2
38.7
37.5
38.1
38.9
38.8
39.0
R37.3
36.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.6
.7
.7
.7
9.2
13.3
15.7
17.8
18.3
19.1
20.4
20.9
21.7
22.4
22.6
23.1
14.5
15.0
15.8
15.4
15.4
16.1
16.5
R17.7
18.1
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.5
.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.9
5.1
5.7
4.8
6.1
7.7
9.3
10.3
10.8
10.3
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.6
R15.0
15.2
Solar/PV 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
R.9
.8
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
34.4
R55.4
70.8
Total
95.2
101.3
116.5
149.6
197.4
251.8
270.4
277.7
277.7
306.9
306.6
290.8
227.7
286.8
287.5
284.7
269.9
317.5
341.7
332.9
295.0
305.5
265.1
238.1
325.3
357.2
357.8
326.9
356.7
336.7
384.8
423.0
433.6
400.4
399.0
356.5
287.7
343.4
355.3
351.5
357.7
385.8
352.7
R381.0
413.2
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.8
3.6
4.7
3.7
3.5
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.0
4.8
11.9
13.5
14.0
14.2
12.8
13.0
12.2
R11.7
11.1
Total
296.1
334.1
550.3
759.2
1,058.4
1,535.1
1,615.9
1,753.0
1,864.1
1,870.3
1,920.8
2,040.9
2,127.4
2,209.4
2,250.7
2,289.6
2,298.0
2,244.4
2,313.4
2,419.5
2,473.0
2,490.5
2,575.3
2,707.4
2,967.1
3,037.8
3,073.8
3,083.9
3,197.2
3,247.5
3,353.5
3,444.2
3,492.2
3,620.3
3,694.8
3,802.1
3,736.6
3,858.5
3,883.2
3,970.6
4,055.4
4,064.7
4,156.7
R4,119.4
3,953.1
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only; hydroelectric data through
1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion killowatthours.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-1988Table 8.2b for electric power sector, and Table 8.1 for industrial sector. 1989
forwardTables 8.2b and 8.2d.
Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Coal
135.5
154.5
301.4
403.1
570.9
704.4
713.1
771.1
847.7
828.4
852.8
944.4
985.2
975.7
1,075.0
1,161.6
1,203.2
1,192.0
1,259.4
1,341.7
1,402.1
1,385.8
1,463.8
1,540.7
1,562.4
1,572.1
1,568.8
1,597.7
1,665.5
1,666.3
1,686.1
1,772.0
1,820.8
1,850.2
1,858.6
1,943.1
1,882.8
1,910.6
1,952.7
1,957.2
1,992.1
1,969.7
1,998.4
R1,968.8
1,749.6
Petroleum
28.5
33.7
37.1
48.0
64.8
184.2
220.2
274.3
314.3
300.9
289.1
320.0
358.2
365.1
303.5
246.0
206.4
146.8
144.5
119.8
100.2
136.6
118.5
148.9
159.0
118.9
112.8
92.2
105.4
98.7
68.1
74.8
86.5
122.2
111.5
105.2
119.1
89.7
113.7
114.7
116.5
59.7
61.3
R42.9
35.8
Natural
Gas 3
37.0
44.6
95.3
158.0
221.6
372.9
374.0
375.7
340.9
320.1
299.8
294.6
305.5
305.4
329.5
346.2
345.8
305.3
274.1
297.4
291.9
248.5
272.6
252.8
297.3
309.5
317.8
334.3
342.2
385.7
419.2
378.8
399.6
449.3
473.0
518.0
554.9
607.7
567.3
627.2
683.8
734.4
814.8
R802.4
840.9
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.6
.7
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.5
2.3
1.6
2.0
.6
2.0
2.6
3.6
3.8
4.3
4.0
3.2
3.1
Total
201.0
232.8
433.8
609.0
857.3
1,261.5
1,307.4
1,421.2
1,502.9
1,449.4
1,441.7
1,559.0
1,648.9
1,646.2
1,708.0
1,753.8
1,755.4
1,644.1
1,678.0
1,758.9
1,794.3
1,770.9
1,854.9
1,942.4
2,019.1
2,001.1
2,000.1
2,025.4
2,114.1
2,151.7
2,175.3
2,226.9
2,308.4
2,424.0
2,444.8
2,568.3
2,557.5
2,610.0
2,636.4
2,702.6
2,796.1
2,768.1
2,878.5
R2,817.3
2,629.5
Nuclear
Electric
Power
0.0
.0
.0
.5
3.7
21.8
38.1
54.1
83.5
114.0
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
798.7
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
-6.9
R-6.3
-4.3
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
89.7
95.9
113.0
145.8
193.9
247.7
266.3
272.6
272.1
301.0
300.0
283.7
220.5
280.4
279.8
276.0
260.7
309.2
332.1
321.2
281.1
290.8
249.7
222.9
269.2
289.8
286.0
250.0
277.5
254.0
305.4
341.2
350.6
317.9
314.7
271.3
213.7
260.5
271.5
265.1
267.0
286.3
245.8
R253.1
270.2
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
0.4
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.5
.7
.5
.8
.9
5.6
7.0
7.7
8.5
9.2
9.2
7.6
8.4
8.7
8.6
9.0
8.9
8.3
9.0
9.5
9.7
10.6
10.3
10.7
R10.6
10.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.6
.7
.7
.7
7.7
11.5
13.9
15.9
16.2
17.0
18.0
17.8
18.5
19.2
19.5
20.3
12.9
13.1
13.8
13.1
13.0
13.9
14.3
R15.4
15.8
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.5
.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.9
5.1
5.7
4.8
6.1
7.7
9.3
10.3
10.8
10.3
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.6
R15.0
15.2
Solar/PV 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
R.9
.8
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
34.4
R55.4
70.8
Total
90.1
96.3
113.3
146.0
194.3
248.6
267.2
274.4
274.4
303.7
303.5
287.6
224.5
283.7
284.2
281.5
266.7
314.4
338.6
329.8
291.9
302.3
262.0
234.9
299.5
326.9
327.0
293.9
323.2
299.7
348.0
385.4
396.3
364.0
362.9
320.7
256.0
308.0
321.0
317.4
323.7
352.2
320.5
R350.3
383.3
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.3
(s)
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
6.5
9.1
8.6
8.3
6.9
7.1
6.8
R6.8
7.1
Total
291.1
329.1
547.0
755.5
1,055.3
1,531.9
1,612.6
1,749.7
1,860.7
1,867.1
1,917.6
2,037.7
2,124.3
2,206.3
2,247.4
2,286.4
2,294.8
2,241.2
2,310.3
2,416.3
2,469.8
2,487.3
2,572.1
2,704.3
2,848.2
2,901.3
2,935.6
2,934.4
3,043.9
3,088.7
3,194.2
3,284.1
3,329.4
3,457.4
3,530.0
3,637.5
3,580.1
3,698.5
3,721.2
3,808.4
3,902.2
3,908.1
4,005.3
R3,974.3
3,814.3
Notes: The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-September 1977Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." October 1977-1981Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." 1982-1988U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly
Power Plant Report." 1989-1997EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 2001-2003EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004-2007EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008 and 2009EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
231
Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009
(Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
6.9
10.4
12.2
14.4
14.9
15.4
16.3
16.1
16.4
17.0
17.1
17.6
11.3
11.2
11.9
11.8
11.7
12.5
12.9
R14.0
14.3
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.6
R15.0
15.2
Solar/PV 9
Wind
Total
Other 10
Total
Electricity-Only Plants 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,554.0
1,560.2
1,551.9
1,577.1
1,642.1
1,639.9
1,658.0
1,742.8
1,793.2
1,823.0
1,832.1
1,910.6
1,851.8
1,881.2
1,915.8
1,921.1
1,955.5
1,933.7
1,962.0
R1,932.0
1,718.8
158.3
117.6
112.2
90.1
100.6
92.1
62.0
68.5
80.3
115.7
104.8
98.0
113.2
83.3
108.5
109.4
111.2
55.2
56.9
R39.3
31.8
266.9
264.7
267.8
270.9
267.2
299.7
317.4
272.8
291.1
335.9
356.6
399.4
427.0
456.8
421.2
491.2
553.2
618.0
686.3
R683.3
721.8
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
.2
(s)
.2
.3
.4
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
1,979.3
1,942.4
1,931.9
1,938.0
2,009.9
2,031.7
2,037.4
2,084.1
2,164.6
2,274.6
2,293.6
2,408.2
2,392.0
2,421.5
2,445.7
2,522.0
2,619.9
2,607.0
2,705.3
R2,654.6
2,472.4
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
798.7
(6)
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
-6.9
R-6.3
-4.3
269.2
289.8
286.0
250.0
277.5
254.0
305.4
341.2
350.6
317.9
314.7
271.3
213.7
260.5
271.5
265.1
267.0
286.2
245.8
R253.1
270.2
4.2
5.6
6.0
6.6
7.2
7.6
5.9
6.5
6.5
6.6
7.3
7.3
6.6
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.5
8.3
8.7
R8.6
8.3
0.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
R.9
.8
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
34.4
R55.4
70.8
297.3
324.3
323.7
290.4
319.8
296.5
344.7
381.8
392.0
359.8
358.8
316.4
252.6
304.3
317.0
314.5
320.3
348.7
317.1
R346.9
379.6
5.9
7.6
7.6
7.6
6.2
6.3
6.0
R6.0
6.2
2,805.9
2,840.0
2,863.6
2,843.1
2,935.9
2,965.2
3,052.8
3,137.6
3,181.3
3,303.6
3,374.6
3,472.9
3,410.5
3,504.8
3,525.5
3,624.1
3,721.8
3,742.7
3,828.0
R3,807.4
3,652.7
2.2
2.6
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.6
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.7
4.0
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.5
R3.4
3.7
0.3
(s)
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.6
1.4
1.1
.7
.7
.8
.7
.8
.9
42.3
61.3
71.9
91.3
108.0
123.5
141.5
146.6
148.1
153.8
155.4
164.6
169.5
193.7
195.7
184.3
180.4
165.4
177.4
R166.9
161.6
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8.4
11.9
16.9
20.7
23.4
26.4
28.1
29.2
27.6
27.2
26.6
32.5
31.0
29.4
36.9
36.1
36.5
36.0
36.4
R36.9
30.8
0.7
1.3
.6
2.2
4.8
6.6
6.1
6.3
6.2
6.6
6.7
7.2
6.0
6.5
5.2
5.3
5.3
4.5
4.4
R3.6
4.0
30.4
44.8
50.0
63.4
75.0
86.0
101.7
105.9
108.5
113.4
116.4
118.6
128.0
150.9
146.1
136.0
130.7
116.4
128.4
R119.0
119.2
0.5
.6
.7
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.5
2.3
1.6
1.8
.6
1.7
2.4
3.2
3.8
4.2
3.9
3.2
3.0
39.9
58.7
68.2
87.4
104.2
120.1
137.9
142.7
143.7
149.4
151.2
160.2
165.5
188.5
190.6
180.6
176.2
161.1
173.2
R162.7
157.0
fuels).
11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the
232
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.1
1.6
2.1
2.0
2.0
R2.0
2.2
0.9
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to
sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plantsthese are included
under "Electricity-Only Plants."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1,
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.html.
Sources: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA, Form
EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
ReportNonutility." 2001-2003EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004-2007EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008 and
2009EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009
(Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 6
Commercial Sector
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
0.7
.8
.8
.7
.9
.8
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
R1.3
1.0
0.6
.6
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.1
.1
2.2
3.3
3.2
3.9
4.5
4.9
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.3
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.3
R4.2
4.0
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3.6
4.8
4.5
5.0
5.8
6.3
6.5
6.7
6.2
6.3
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.8
6.0
5.9
5.8
R5.6
5.2
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
Waste 7
Geothemal
0.5
.8
.9
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.6
R1.5
1.6
0.9
.9
.9
.9
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.9
.9
.7
.8
.6
.8
.7
.8
.7
.6
.6
R.8
.8
Solar/PV 8
Other 9
Wind
Total
Total
(s)
(s)
0.7
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
R1.6
1.6
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.5
.6
.6
.8
.8
.8
.8
R.7
.7
4.3
5.8
5.7
6.2
7.0
7.6
8.2
9.0
8.7
8.7
8.6
7.9
7.4
7.4
7.5
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.3
7.9
7.6
25.2
29.3
29.6
31.8
32.3
35.7
35.1
35.2
34.8
33.9
33.5
33.6
30.6
34.3
32.9
32.4
32.2
31.9
30.5
R29.1
28.3
3.5
3.6
4.3
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.9
4.7
4.9
3.8
4.8
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.7
R4.1
3.2
114.7
130.7
132.6
143.3
146.3
151.2
151.0
151.0
154.1
154.1
156.3
156.7
149.2
152.6
154.5
153.9
144.7
148.3
143.1
R137.1
131.2
10
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Industrial Sector 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
20.7
21.1
21.0
22.7
23.7
23.6
22.4
22.2
23.2
22.3
21.5
22.1
20.1
21.5
19.8
19.8
19.5
19.5
16.7
R15.7
13.8
4.8
7.0
6.5
7.6
7.0
6.8
6.0
6.3
5.6
6.2
6.1
5.6
5.3
4.4
5.3
6.0
5.4
4.2
4.2
R3.2
2.9
53.2
60.0
60.6
65.9
68.2
69.6
71.7
71.0
75.1
77.1
78.8
78.8
79.8
79.0
78.7
79.0
72.9
77.7
77.6
R76.4
75.4
7.3
9.6
10.5
12.0
11.9
12.1
11.9
13.0
11.8
11.2
12.5
11.9
8.5
9.5
13.0
11.7
9.7
9.9
9.4
R8.5
7.6
85.9
97.8
98.6
108.2
110.9
112.1
112.1
112.5
115.8
116.8
118.9
118.4
113.6
114.4
116.8
116.4
107.4
111.3
107.9
R103.9
99.7
fuels).
2.7
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.9
6.0
5.3
5.9
5.7
5.3
4.8
4.1
3.1
3.8
4.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
1.6
R1.7
1.9
21.6
25.4
25.9
27.9
28.4
28.7
28.9
28.4
28.2
27.7
28.1
28.7
26.9
29.6
28.0
28.4
28.3
28.4
28.3
R26.6
25.7
10
11
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note
1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"
Sources: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
1998-2000EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator

EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 and 2009EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
233
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009
Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2009

600
2.5
538
2.0
400
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
516
500
1.5
1.0
300
274
200
0.5
96
100
44
0.0
1989
38
15
0
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Wood
Natural
Gas
Coal
Other
Gases
Petroleum
Waste
Other
By Sector, 2009
Industrial
2.0
1.8
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1.5
1.0
0.5
1.2
1.2
0.6
Electric Power
0.3
Commercial
0.0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0.1
0.0
Industrial
1
fossil fuels.
234
Electric Power
Commercial
Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
Sources: Tables 8.3a8.3c.
Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009
(Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Coal
323
363
352
367
373
388
386
392
389
382
386
384
354
337
333
352
342
333
327
R315
274
Petroleum
96
127
112
117
129
133
121
133
137
136
125
108
90
73
85
97
92
78
76
R48
44
Natural Gas
462
538
547
592
604
646
686
711
713
782
811
812
741
709
610
654
624
603
554
R509
516
Other Gases
93
141
148
160
142
144
145
150
150
167
179
184
133
118
110
126
138
126
116
R111
96
Total
Wood
973
1,168
1,159
1,236
1,248
1,309
1,338
1,385
1,389
1,466
1,501
1,488
1,318
1,236
1,139
1,230
1,197
1,140
1,074
R983
930
546
651
623
658
668
722
721
701
731
700
690
707
557
546
597
637
628
653
616
R572
538
other biomass.
2
Waste 6
30
36
37
40
45
45
47
55
55
57
55
56
28
26
35
30
36
37
35
R38
38
Total
577
687
660
698
713
767
768
756
785
757
744
764
585
572
632
667
665
690
651
R610
576
Other 7
39
40
44
42
41
42
44
43
53
46
48
50
55
48
55
45
41
49
47
R24
15
Total
1,589
1,896
1,863
1,976
2,002
2,119
2,151
2,184
2,227
2,269
2,294
2,302
1,958
1,856
1,826
1,943
1,903
1,879
1,772
R1,617
1,522
fuels).
Notes: Data do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
235
Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009
(Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Coal
13
21
21
28
30
37
40
43
39
43
52
53
52
40
38
39
40
38
38
R37
33
Petroleum
8
9
6
6
8
9
13
12
12
6
7
7
6
4
7
8
8
7
7
R7
7
Natural Gas
67
80
82
102
107
119
118
121
132
142
146
158
164
214
200
239
239
207
213
R204
202
Other Gases
2
4
4
5
3
5
4
4
8
5
4
5
5
6
9
18
37
23
20
22
20
Total
Wood
90
114
113
140
147
170
176
180
191
196
208
223
226
264
255
305
323
275
279
R270
262
19
18
17
17
16
15
15
16
16
10
10
6
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
R9
9
other biomass.
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
2
236
Waste 6
5
6
9
8
8
10
12
16
14
16
20
19
4
5
11
9
8
7
8
8
9
Total
Other 7
Total
24
25
26
25
24
24
27
33
30
26
30
26
13
13
20
17
18
17
19
R17
19
1
(s)
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
5
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
114
138
140
167
173
195
203
213
221
222
238
249
243
281
278
326
346
297
302
R292
286
Notes: Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants.
See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.

Operations Report."
Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Other Gases
Total
Wood
Waste 6
Total
Other 7
Total
Commercial Sector 8
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
14
15
16
15
18
18
17
20
22
20
20
21
18
18
23
22
23
22
23
R23
20
4
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
5
3
4
4
3
3
4
4
2
2
R2
2
10
16
21
24
23
26
29
33
40
39
37
39
35
36
17
22
20
19
20
R20
19
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
27
36
41
44
45
48
48
55
66
64
61
64
58
57
42
49
47
44
44
R45
41
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
10
10
9
13
14
14
15
17
19
18
17
17
8
6
8
8
8
9
6
R9
8
10
11
9
14
14
14
15
18
20
18
17
18
8
7
8
9
9
9
7
R9
9
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
5
6
6
6
6
4
R6
6
38
46
50
57
59
62
63
73
86
82
78
82
72
69
57
64
61
59
55
R60
56
15
20
19
19
23
21
20
21
22
24
18
20
16
15
16
13
20
21
21
R21
20
542
652
625
660
675
729
726
705
735
713
697
720
564
552
604
641
638
663
625
R584
549
38
40
44
40
39
41
44
43
53
46
48
50
46
39
46
35
32
39
38
R13
5
1,437
1,711
1,674
1,752
1,769
1,862
1,884
1,897
1,920
1,965
1,978
1,971
1,644
1,505
1,491
1,553
1,496
1,523
1,414
R1,265
1,180
Industrial Sector 9
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
297
327
315
324
325
333
329
329
328
318
313
309
284
278
272
290
280
272
266
R255
221
84
113
103
107
117
119
105
118
121
124
115
98
80
66
75
85
81
69
67
R39
35
385
443
444
466
475
501
540
557
541
601
629
615
542
458
393
393
364
377
322
R285
295
90
137
144
155
139
138
140
146
142
162
175
179
128
112
101
108
102
103
96
R89
76
856
1,019
1,005
1,052
1,055
1,092
1,114
1,150
1,132
1,206
1,233
1,201
1,034
914
842
876
827
821
751
R668
627
other biomass.
fuels).
8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
2
527
632
606
641
652
707
706
684
713
689
679
700
548
537
588
628
618
642
605
R563
528
9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.

Operations Report."
237
Figure 8.4
Consumption for Electricity Generation
Total and Major Fuel Categories, 1949-2009
By Major Fuel, 2009
50
20
18.3
Total Energy
40
Fossil Fuels
30
20
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
15
10
8.3
7.3
Nuclear Electric
Power
10
2.7
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Major Fuel, 1949-2009
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.6
Wind
Petroleum
Geothermal
Wood
Other
0
Coal
Nuclear Natural HydroElectric

Gas Electric
Power
Power
24
45
Coal
12
Nuclear Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
18
30
15
Natural Gas
Commercial
Petroleum
Industrial
0
1950
1
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

Waste, other gases, electricity net imports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, batteries,
chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and nonrenewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
2
238
0
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.

Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.
2009
Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Renewable Energy
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
7,299
7,811
8,658
8,534
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
1116,359
16,477
16,460
16,686
17,424
17,485
17,687
18,650
19,128
19,417
19,467
20,411
19,789
19,997
20,367
20,376
20,802
20,527
20,842
R20,549
18,325
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
111,756
1,366
1,276
1,076
1,203
1,135
813
888
985
1,378
1,285
1,212
1,347
1,014
1,266
1,248
1,269
668
683
R485
404
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
4,099
4,084
3,748
3,519
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,810
3,768
3,342
2,998
3,220
3,160
2,691
2,935
2,709
113,582
3,791
3,861
3,999
4,027
4,476
4,840
4,400
4,658
5,205
5,441
5,818
6,001
6,250
5,736
5,827
6,212
6,644
7,288
R7,087
7,285
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
90
112
125
141
136
136
133
159
119
125
126
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
R97
86
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
13,893
14,992
15,921
15,418
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,567
18,553
17,491
17,754
18,526
18,792
18,586
19,365
20,123
1121,788
21,746
21,723
21,903
22,790
23,233
23,473
24,097
24,890
26,124
26,320
27,567
27,235
27,392
27,525
27,586
28,393
27,954
28,927
R28,218
26,101
0
0
0
6
43
239
413
584
910
1,272
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
115,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
R8,029
R8,145
7,959
8,222
R8,161
R8,215
R8,455
R8,427
8,349
1,425
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
2,824
2,864
2,861
3,177
3,155
2,976
2,333
2,937
2,931
2,900
2,758
3,266
3,527
3,386
2,970
3,071
2,635
2,334
122,837
3,046
3,016
2,617
2,892
2,683
3,205
3,590
3,640
3,297
3,268
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,825
2,690
2,703
2,869
2,446
R2,511
2,682
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
11345
442
425
481
485
498
480
513
484
475
490
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
R339
318
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
11151
211
247
283
288
301
316
324
339
332
332
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
R267
259
Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.
other biomass.
fuels).
10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of
section.
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
Geothermal 5
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
11308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
308
R314
320
Solar/PV 5,8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
113
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
R9
8
Wind 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1122
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
R546
697
Total
1,431
1,421
1,363
1,610
2,066
2,649
2,839
2,899
2,907
3,232
3,227
3,057
2,416
3,005
3,020
3,014
2,885
3,374
3,661
3,560
3,183
3,303
2,879
2,569
113,665
4,058
4,058
3,752
4,052
3,848
4,318
4,765
4,811
4,450
4,452
3,995
3,320
3,967
4,016
3,723
3,781
4,035
3,699
R3,985
4,283
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
36
59
40
34
40
42
37
36
36
41
46
160
191
193
183
173
162
168
R170
159
Electricity
Net
Imports 10
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
12
26
49
43
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
84
63
107
112
116
Total
4,415
4,749
6,500
8,197
11,047
16,293
17,158
18,501
19,788
19,966
20,339
21,547
22,623
23,618
24,021
24,392
24,559
24,096
24,738
25,774
26,191
26,392
27,157
28,387
31,131
31,953
32,329
32,261
33,381
33,968
35,043
36,123
36,451
37,767
38,522
39,586
R38,819
R39,767
39,715
39,753
R40,592
R40,429
R41,356
R40,913
39,008

12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. Beginning in 1989, data are for
electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
Notes: Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to
produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The change
was made because most of the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generated
by plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in other
data columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on).
See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-1988Table 8.4b for electric power sector, and Tables 8.1 and A6 for industrial
sector. 1989 forwardTables 8.4b and 8.4c.
239
Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector,
Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
7,299
7,811
8,658
8,534
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
1116,121
16,235
16,223
16,431
17,159
17,215
17,416
18,375
18,855
19,162
19,214
20,153
19,549
19,733
20,137
20,217
20,649
20,377
20,723
R20,431
18,223
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Petroleum 2
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
2,495
3,097
3,515
3,365
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
111,697
1,281
1,199
990
1,122
1,056
743
810
917
1,306
1,211
1,145
1,280
955
1,199
1,202
1,227
635
651
R463
384
Natural
Gas 3
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
4,099
4,084
3,748
3,519
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,810
3,768
3,342
2,998
3,220
3,160
2,691
2,935
2,709
113,107
3,233
3,296
3,407
3,426
3,851
4,179
3,730
3,981
4,520
4,742
5,120
5,290
5,522
5,009
5,209
5,643
6,055
6,681
R6,516
6,726
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
16
14
23
14
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
R23
22
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
13,893
14,992
15,921
15,418
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,567
18,553
17,491
17,754
18,526
18,792
18,586
19,365
20,123
1120,932
20,755
20,725
20,840
21,719
22,134
22,356
22,930
23,768
25,011
25,181
26,438
26,128
26,235
26,374
26,655
27,543
27,095
28,083
R27,434
25,355
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
0
0
0
6
43
239
413
584
910
1,272
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
115,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
R8,029
R8,145
7,959
8,222
R8,161
R8,215
R8,455
R8,427
8,349
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
2,790
2,829
2,827
3,143
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
112,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
R2,494
2,663
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothermal 5
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
1175
106
104
120
129
134
106
117
117
125
125
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
R159
153
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
11126
180
217
252
255
269
282
280
292
287
290
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
R242
234
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
11308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
308
R314
320
other biomass.
fuels).
10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of
section.
Notes: Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to
240
Solar/PV 5,8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
113
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
R9
8
Wind 5
Total
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1122
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
R546
697
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,033
2,615
2,806
2,864
2,873
3,199
3,194
3,024
2,383
2,973
2,986
2,982
2,852
3,341
3,627
3,527
3,150
3,270
2,846
2,536
113,342
3,658
3,677
3,329
3,632
3,389
3,855
4,264
4,337
4,000
3,996
3,547
2,894
3,430
3,576
3,471
3,534
3,794
3,470
R3,764
4,075
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
R120
118
Electricity
Net
Imports 10
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
12
26
49
43
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
84
63
107
112
116
Total
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,014
16,259
17,124
18,466
19,753
19,933
20,307
21,513
22,591
23,587
23,987
24,359
24,525
24,063
24,705
25,741
26,158
26,359
27,124
28,354
29,916
30,526
30,895
30,738
31,859
32,372
33,423
34,420
34,819
36,168
36,888
37,963
R37,236
R38,018
38,068
38,518
R39,438
R39,284
R40,231
R39,858
38,013
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. This table no longer
shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The change was made because most
of the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generated by plants other than
pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in other data columns in this
table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on). See Note 1,
Web Pages:

Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All Other Data: 1949-1988Tables 8.2b,
8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759,
"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."
1998-2000EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility."
2001-2003EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."

2004-2007EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power
Plant Report." 2008 and 2009EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Petroleum
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Biomass
Wood
Waste
Geothermal
Solar/PV
5,8
Wind
Total
Other
Electricity
Net
Imports
Total
Commercial Sector 10
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
9
9
9
8
9
9
12
14
14
11
12
12
13
9
13
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
6
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
6
5
6
4
5
5
4
2
2
1
1
18
28
28
33
38
42
44
44
40
42
40
38
37
31
39
34
35
35
35
R34
33
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
36
45
41
45
53
56
60
62
59
57
57
55
56
44
58
46
46
45
44
R43
41
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
15
15
16
16
17
21
31
34
32
33
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
20
R (s)
(s)
12
18
18
19
18
19
23
33
35
34
35
28
16
19
21
21
21
22
20
21
21
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
47
63
59
64
71
75
83
95
94
91
92
82
79
73
89
78
78
77
75
R75
72
311
382
362
405
401
440
440
468
439
417
422
421
410
518
419
231
226
219
208
R200
187
37
36
55
37
31
38
40
35
36
35
39
45
44
43
46
41
46
35
41
R39
31
1,168
1,364
1,374
1,459
1,451
1,521
1,537
1,607
1,538
1,508
1,542
1,540
1,504
1,675
1,558
1,158
1,076
1,068
1,050
R980
923
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
229
233
228
246
256
261
259
261
260
245
242
245
227
255
217
151
145
143
111
R109
96
52
79
74
84
77
75
66
74
63
67
68
61
62
55
61
42
39
31
30
R21
20
456
530
537
559
562
584
617
626
637
643
660
660
674
697
687
585
534
554
572
R537
526
83
104
118
128
123
123
114
143
105
102
112
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
R73
64
820
946
957
1,017
1,019
1,043
1,057
1,104
1,064
1,056
1,081
1,074
1,051
1,113
1,093
885
804
814
800
R740
706
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
R17
18
other biomass.
fuels).
267
335
318
359
355
364
373
394
367
349
364
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
R179
164
15
16
14
15
17
14
13
13
14
13
8
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
R5
4
10
11

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. See Table 8.4b for electric power
sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of

241
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2009
Natural Gas
1.2
0.9
6
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Short Tons
Coal
0.6
0.3
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
0
1989
2007
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Wood and Waste
300
0.8
250
0.6
200
Quadrillion Btu
Million Barrels
Total Petroleum
150
Residual
Fuel Oil
100
Wood
0.4
Waste
0.2
50
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0.0
1989
1992
1995
Source: Table 8.5a.
242
1998
2001
2004
2007
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2009
Coal
Natural Gas
8
1,200
6.6
933
CHP
Trillion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
1,000
800
600
ElectricityOnly
Plants
400
CHP
ElectricityOnly
Plants
2
200
0.5
5
0
Electric Power
Industrial
0
(s)
Commercial
Petroleum
Electric Power
400
CHP
60
387
CHP
Trillion Btu
Million Barrels
Commercial
500
64
ElectricityOnly
Plants
20
300
200
ElectricityOnly
Plants
168
100
3
0
Electric Power
1
Industrial
Wood and Waste
80
40
(ss)
0.0
Industrial
Combined-heat-and-power plants.
Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.
(sss)
0
Commercial
20
0
Electric Power
Industrial
Commercial
(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.

(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.
(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.
Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.
243
Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
83,963
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
327,301
351,768
389,212
391,811
405,962
448,371
477,126
481,235
527,051
569,274
596,797
593,666
625,211
664,399
693,841
685,056
717,894
758,372
781,672
792,457
793,666
805,140
842,153
848,796
860,594
907,209
931,949
946,295
949,802
994,933
972,691
987,583
1,014,058
1,020,523
1,041,448
1,030,556
1,046,795
R1,042,335
938,059
1
2
Distillate Fuel Oil 2
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
4,767
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
34,283
53,465
47,058
53,128
38,907
41,843
48,837
47,520
30,691
29,051
21,313
15,337
16,512
15,190
14,635
14,326
15,367
18,769
27,733
18,143
16,564
14,493
16,845
22,365
19,615
20,252
20,309
25,062
25,951
31,675
31,150
23,286
29,672
20,163
20,651
13,174
15,683
R12,832
12,523
61,534
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
362,187
440,294
513,190
483,146
467,221
514,077
574,869
588,319
492,606
391,163
329,798
234,434
228,984
189,289
158,779
216,156
184,011
229,327
249,614
190,652
177,780
144,467
159,059
145,225
95,507
106,055
118,741
172,728
158,187
143,381
165,312
109,235
142,518
142,088
141,518
58,473
63,833
R38,191
28,426
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
303
437
380
759
715
929
680
1,712
237
549
974
1,450
855
1,894
2,947
2,856
2,968
2,174
2,917
R2,822
2,723
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
605
627
507
625
70
68
98
398
268
179
139
149
261
252
231
313
348
409
667
1,914
1,789
2,504
3,169
3,020
3,355
3,322
4,086
4,860
4,552
3,744
3,871
6,836
6,303
7,677
8,330
7,363
6,036
R5,417
4,855
66,301
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
399,496
496,895
562,781
539,399
506,479
556,261
624,193
637,830
524,636
421,110
351,806
250,517
246,804
205,736
174,571
232,046
201,116
250,141
280,986
218,800
203,669
172,241
192,462
183,618
132,578
144,626
159,715
222,640
207,871
195,228
216,672
168,597
206,653
203,494
206,785
110,634
112,615
R80,932
67,948
550,121
628,919
1,153,280
1,724,762
2,321,101
3,931,860
3,976,018
3,976,913
3,660,172
3,443,428
3,157,669
3,080,868
3,191,200
3,188,363
3,490,523
3,681,595
3,640,154
3,225,518
2,910,767
3,111,342
3,044,083
2,602,370
2,844,051
2,635,613
3,485,429
3,691,563
3,764,778
3,899,718
3,928,653
4,367,148
4,737,871
4,312,458
4,564,770
5,081,384
5,321,984
5,691,481
5,832,305
6,126,062
5,616,135
5,674,580
6,036,370
6,461,615
7,089,342
R6,895,843
7,104,600
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
other biomass.
244
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
90
112
125
141
136
136
133
159
119
125
126
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
R97
86
Wood 8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
345
442
425
481
485
498
480
513
484
475
490
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
R339
318
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
151
211
247
283
288
301
316
324
339
332
332
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
R267
259
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
36
59
40
34
40
42
37
36
36
41
46
160
191
193
183
173
162
168
R170
159
fuels).
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumed to
See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages:

Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,
Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Subset of Table 8.5a)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
83,963
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
327,301
351,768
389,212
391,811
405,962
448,371
477,126
481,235
527,051
569,274
596,797
593,666
625,211
664,399
693,841
685,056
717,894
758,372
771,551
781,301
782,653
793,390
829,851
836,113
847,854
894,400
919,009
934,126
937,888
982,713
961,523
975,251
1,003,036
1,012,459
1,033,567
1,022,802
1,041,346
R1,036,891
933,197
1
2
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids
Thousand Barrels
4,767
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
34,283
53,465
47,058
53,128
38,907
41,843
48,837
47,520
30,691
29,051
21,313
15,337
16,512
15,190
14,635
14,326
15,367
18,769
26,036
16,394
14,255
12,469
14,559
20,241
18,066
18,472
18,646
23,166
23,875
29,722
29,056
21,810
27,441
18,793
19,450
12,578
15,135
R12,318
11,791
61,534
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
362,187
440,294
513,190
483,146
467,221
514,077
574,869
588,319
492,606
391,163
329,798
234,434
228,984
189,289
158,779
216,156
184,011
229,327
242,708
183,285
171,629
137,681
151,407
137,198
88,895
98,795
112,423
165,875
151,921
138,047
159,150
104,577
137,361
138,831
138,337
56,347
62,072
R37,222
27,723
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
25
58
118
213
667
441
567
130
411
514
403
374
1,243
1,937
2,511
2,591
1,783
2,496
R2,608
2,525
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
Total
Natural Gas
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
605
627
507
625
70
68
98
398
268
179
139
149
261
252
231
313
348
409
517
1,008
974
1,490
2,571
2,256
2,452
2,467
3,201
3,999
3,607
3,155
3,308
5,705
5,719
7,135
7,877
6,905
5,523
R5,000
4,471
66,301
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
399,496
496,895
562,781
539,399
506,479
556,261
624,193
637,830
524,636
421,110
351,806
250,517
246,804
205,736
174,571
232,046
201,116
250,141
271,340
204,745
190,810
157,719
179,034
169,387
119,663
130,168
147,202
209,447
194,345
183,946
205,119
156,154
195,336
195,809
199,760
105,235
107,316
R77,149
64,393
550,121
628,919
1,153,280
1,724,762
2,321,101
3,931,860
3,976,018
3,976,913
3,660,172
3,443,428
3,157,669
3,080,868
3,191,200
3,188,363
3,490,523
3,681,595
3,640,154
3,225,518
2,910,767
3,111,342
3,044,083
2,602,370
2,844,051
2,635,613
3,023,513
3,147,289
3,216,056
3,324,963
3,344,239
3,758,484
4,093,773
3,659,810
3,903,195
4,415,813
4,643,775
5,014,071
5,142,493
5,408,279
4,909,248
5,075,339
5,484,780
5,891,222
6,501,612
R6,342,331
6,561,483
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
other biomass.
fuels).
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
16
14
23
14
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
R23
22
Wood
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
75
106
104
120
129
134
106
117
117
125
125
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
R159
153
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
126
180
217
252
255
269
282
280
292
287
290
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
R242
234
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
R120
118
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of
Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

Operations Report."
245
Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type,
1989-2009 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
Total
Thousand
Barrels
Natural Gas
Million
Cubic Feet
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
Wood
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
Electricity-Only Plants 11
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
767,378
774,213
773,183
781,186
816,558
821,209
832,928
878,825
904,245
920,353
924,692
967,080
946,068
960,077
983,538
994,774
1,015,640
1,004,769
1,022,840
R1,017,806
917,444
25,574
14,956
13,822
11,998
13,460
16,693
16,169
17,361
17,702
22,293
22,877
28,001
27,695
21,521
25,951
17,944
18,689
12,375
14,626
R11,950
11,427
241,960
181,231
171,157
135,779
149,287
134,666
86,584
96,386
109,989
163,541
149,193
135,419
157,090
102,622
136,050
137,736
137,082
55,192
60,929
R36,059
26,524
3
17
51
48
11
52
133
50
30
295
380
94
26
444
936
1,441
1,676
991
1,709
R2,478
2,332
517
1,008
974
1,320
1,553
1,193
1,082
1,010
1,687
2,202
1,891
1,457
1,827
3,925
4,794
6,096
6,876
5,988
4,711
R4,254
3,619
270,125
201,246
189,898
154,428
170,521
157,375
108,297
118,848
136,156
197,137
181,905
170,799
193,945
144,212
186,904
187,601
191,827
98,497
100,818
R71,760
58,375
2,790,567
2,794,110
2,822,159
2,828,996
2,755,093
3,064,561
3,287,571
2,823,724
3,039,227
3,543,931
3,729,175
4,092,729
4,163,930
4,258,467
3,780,314
4,141,535
4,592,271
5,091,049
5,611,600
R5,520,491
5,746,363
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
2
(s)
6
6
5
(s)
(s)
2
R2
2
59
87
85
94
101
112
84
94
91
95
105
105
96
118
127
134
143
141
142
R136
128
111
162
195
232
237
248
262
258
266
263
264
267
179
193
185
190
189
198
203
R223
216
232,946
353,179
393,898
495,967
589,147
693,923
806,202
836,086
863,968
871,881
914,600
921,341
978,563
1,149,812
1,128,935
933,804
892,509
800,173
890,012
R821,839
815,120
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
15
14
21
14
17
9
20
23
22
24
27
25
R22
20
16
18
20
25
28
22
22
24
26
30
20
21
20
23
29
16
22
22
23
R23
25
16
18
22
20
18
22
20
22
26
24
26
28
26
30
31
16
17
18
18
18
18
98
117
120
122
108
107
107
R110
106
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
4,173
7,088
9,470
12,204
13,293
14,904
14,926
15,575
14,764
13,773
13,197
15,634
15,455
15,174
19,498
17,685
17,927
18,033
18,506
R19,085
15,752
462
1,438
433
471
1,098
3,548
1,898
1,111
944
872
998
1,721
1,360
289
1,491
850
760
203
509
R368
364
747
2,054
473
1,902
2,120
2,531
2,311
2,410
2,434
2,334
2,728
2,627
2,059
1,955
1,311
1,095
1,254
1,155
1,144
R1,162
1,199
6
7
7
69
202
615
307
517
100
117
134
310
347
800
1,002
1,070
915
792
787
130
193
170
1,018
1,063
1,370
1,456
1,514
1,797
1,716
1,698
1,482
1,780
926
1,039
1,001
918
812
R746
852
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene
and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
other biomass.
fuels).
246
1,215
3,499
912
3,291
8,513
12,011
11,366
11,320
11,046
12,310
12,440
13,147
11,175
11,942
8,431
8,209
7,933
6,738
6,498
R5,389
6,018
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
11
20
16
9
9
10
9
10
11
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.
See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of
Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,
1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.5a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
414
417
403
371
404
404
569
656
630
440
481
514
532
477
582
377
377
347
361
R369
313
882
580
430
289
384
481
493
422
583
436
506
505
520
524
553
545
377
211
156
R131
145
282
372
146
137
279
209
152
218
200
359
421
310
469
292
326
214
201
116
94
R29
21
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
1
2
10
3
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1,165
953
576
429
672
694
649
645
790
802
931
823
1,023
834
894
766
585
333
258
R166
171
17,987
27,544
26,806
32,674
37,435
40,828
42,700
42,380
38,975
40,693
39,045
37,029
36,248
32,545
38,480
32,839
33,785
34,623
34,087
R33,403
32,092
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
15
15
16
16
17
21
31
34
32
33
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
443,928
516,729
521,916
542,081
546,978
567,836
601,397
610,268
622,599
624,878
639,165
640,381
653,565
685,239
668,407
566,401
517,805
535,770
553,643
R520,109
511,025
83
104
118
128
123
123
114
143
105
102
112
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
R73
64
267
335
318
359
355
364
373
394
367
349
364
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
R179
164
15
16
14
15
17
14
13
13
14
13
8
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
R5
4
37
36
55
37
31
38
40
35
36
35
39
45
44
43
46
41
46
35
41
R39
31
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9,707
10,740
10,610
11,379
11,898
12,279
12,171
12,153
12,311
11,728
11,432
11,706
10,636
11,855
10,440
7,687
7,504
7,408
5,089
R5,075
4,549
815
1,169
1,879
1,735
1,902
1,644
1,056
1,359
1,079
1,461
1,571
1,448
1,574
952
1,678
825
824
385
392
R383
587
6,624
6,995
6,004
6,650
7,373
7,818
6,460
7,042
6,118
6,494
5,845
5,024
5,693
4,366
4,831
3,043
2,980
2,010
1,666
R941
682
294
412
322
642
498
263
239
1,145
107
137
460
1,046
479
640
1,006
344
377
391
421
R214
198
150
905
815
1,013
597
762
902
853
884
860
944
588
557
1,130
582
541
452
456
512
R416
383
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
other biomass.
fuels).
8,482
13,103
12,283
14,093
12,755
13,537
12,265
13,813
11,723
12,392
12,595
10,459
10,530
11,608
10,424
6,919
6,440
5,066
5,041
R3,617
3,383
11
12

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. See Tables 8.5b and 8.5c for electric
power sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of

247
Figure 8.6
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2009
Coal
Natural Gas
20
800
Industrial
Industrial
600
Billion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
15
10
400
200
Electric Power
Electric Power
Commercial
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Commercial
0
1989
2007
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Wood and Waste
30
1,200
Industrial
25
Industrial
900
Trillion Btu
Million Barrels
20
15
600
10
300
5
Commercial
Electric Power
0
1989
1992
Electric Power and Commercial
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0
1989
1992
1995
248
1998
2001
2004
2007
Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009 (Sum of Tables 8.6b and 8.6c)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand
Short Tons
16,510
19,081
18,458
19,372
19,750
20,609
20,418
20,806
21,005
20,320
20,373
20,466
18,944
17,561
17,720
24,275
23,833
23,227
22,810
R22,168
19,927
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids
16,357
18,428
15,293
16,474
17,933
18,822
16,661
18,552
15,882
16,539
14,133
13,292
11,826
9,402
10,341
15,390
15,397
11,373
10,783
R5,285
4,379
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
1,410
2,050
3,027
2,358
2,449
2,811
2,082
2,192
2,584
4,944
4,665
2,897
2,574
1,462
2,153
3,357
3,795
1,481
1,359
R1,305
1,636
Biomass
4
353
895
835
935
857
609
642
756
289
681
838
1,455
563
1,363
1,629
1,908
1,302
1,222
1,320
R943
668
247
918
777
862
1,031
1,137
1,235
1,275
2,009
1,336
1,437
924
661
517
763
1,043
783
1,259
1,262
R897
938
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
other biomass.
2
Total
Thousand
Barrels
19,357
25,965
23,039
24,077
26,394
27,929
25,562
27,873
28,802
28,845
26,822
22,266
18,268
14,811
17,939
25,870
24,408
20,371
19,775
R12,016
11,371
Natural Gas
Million
Cubic Feet
563,307
654,749
663,963
717,860
733,584
784,015
834,382
865,774
868,569
949,106
982,958
985,263
898,286
860,019
721,267
1,052,100
984,340
942,817
872,579
R793,537
810,045
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
116
176
185
200
178
180
181
187
188
209
224
230
166
147
138
218
238
226
214
R203
171
Wood
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
683
813
779
822
836
903
902
876
913
875
862
884
696
682
746
1,016
997
1,049
982
R924
870
Other 10
38
46
46
51
56
57
59
69
68
72
68
71
35
32
44
51
59
60
59
R61
62
49
50
55
52
51
53
55
54
67
58
60
63
69
60
69
70
64
75
71
R39
26
fuels).
Notes: Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuels
consumed to produce electricity. Estimates do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. See "Useful Thermal
Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
249
Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.6a)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand
Short Tons
639
1,266
1,221
1,704
1,794
2,241
2,376
2,520
2,355
2,493
3,033
3,107
2,910
2,255
2,080
3,809
3,918
3,834
3,795
R3,689
3,339
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids
1,471
1,630
995
1,045
1,074
1,024
1,127
1,155
1,246
653
572
467
355
197
919
985
1,072
998
1,014
R1,019
1,015
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
120
173
104
154
290
371
486
308
343
134
183
294
219
66
190
314
225
69
192
R230
324
Biomass
4
1
2
1
10
27
104
58
86
23
19
30
51
3
23
88
202
95
87
98
R62
97
4
40
58
222
175
171
103
128
120
119
111
80
237
206
195
162
R119
131
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
other biomass.
fuels).
2
250
Total
Natural Gas
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
1,591
1,805
1,101
1,229
1,591
1,791
2,784
2,424
2,466
1,322
1,423
1,412
1,171
841
1,596
2,688
2,424
2,129
2,114
R1,907
2,090
81,670
97,330
99,868
122,908
128,743
144,062
142,753
147,091
161,608
172,471
175,757
192,253
199,808
263,619
225,967
388,424
384,365
330,878
339,796
R326,048
326,424
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
3
5
5
6
4
6
5
5
10
6
4
7
6
7
12
31
60
37
34
R38
34
Wood
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
24
23
21
21
21
18
19
20
20
12
13
8
10
10
11
15
19
19
21
R18
19
Other 10
6
8
11
10
10
12
15
21
17
20
25
24
5
6
14
17
15
14
16
16
19
1
(s)
1
2
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
6
4
7
7
8
8
R8
8

consumed to produce electricity. Estimates are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the
NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Estimates do not
include electric utility CHP plants. See Table 8.6c for commercial and industrial CHP data. See Note
1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"
at end of section. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components

Operations Report."
Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.6a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
711
773
826
804
968
940
850
1,005
1,108
1,002
1,009
1,034
916
929
1,234
1,540
1,544
1,539
1,566
R1,652
1,477
202
389
356
259
272
534
319
260
470
418
254
403
505
248
119
570
417
155
101
R287
290
601
715
405
538
548
379
261
328
309
573
412
366
304
108
381
613
587
404
340
R173
118
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
(s)
28
12
20
(s)
2
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
4
6
9
8
8
9
11
9
8
803
1,104
761
807
843
931
596
601
794
1,006
682
792
809
416
555
1,243
1,045
601
494
R504
446
12,049
18,913
25,295
29,672
27,738
31,457
34,964
40,075
47,941
46,527
44,991
47,844
42,407
41,430
19,973
39,233
34,172
33,112
35,987
R32,813
31,036
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
13
13
11
16
17
17
19
22
24
22
21
21
10
8
10
15
14
16
12
R14
14
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
6
8
11
10
10
7
R10
9
469,588
538,506
538,800
565,279
577,103
608,496
656,665
678,608
659,021
730,108
762,210
745,165
656,071
554,970
475,327
624,443
565,803
578,828
496,796
R434,676
452,586
113
171
180
194
174
173
175
182
178
202
219
223
160
139
126
187
179
190
180
R165
137
659
790
758
801
815
884
882
855
892
862
849
875
685
672
735
1,000
977
1,029
959
R905
849
19
25
23
24
29
27
25
26
27
29
23
25
20
18
21
19
30
30
31
R31
29
48
50
55
50
49
52
55
53
67
58
60
63
58
48
57
53
48
57
57
R22
8
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
15,160
17,041
16,412
16,864
16,988
17,428
17,192
17,281
17,542
16,824
16,330
16,325
15,119
14,377
14,406
18,926
18,371
17,854
17,449
R16,827
15,111
1,088
1,488
2,567
1,945
1,887
1,906
1,277
1,624
1,772
4,391
4,228
2,200
1,850
1,149
1,844
2,473
3,153
1,258
1,066
R788
1,022
14,285
16,084
13,893
14,891
16,311
17,419
15,272
17,069
14,328
15,313
13,148
12,459
11,167
9,097
9,041
13,791
13,738
9,971
9,429
R4,093
3,246
352
893
834
925
829
505
584
670
267
662
808
1,402
560
1,312
1,529
1,686
1,207
1,136
1,222
R882
571
247
918
777
856
987
1,075
1,010
1,097
1,835
1,230
1,307
800
542
399
675
798
568
1,055
1,090
R769
799
other biomass.
fuels).
16,963
23,056
21,177
22,041
23,960
25,207
22,182
24,848
25,541
26,518
24,718
20,062
16,287
13,555
15,788
21,939
20,940
17,640
17,166
R9,605
8,836
11
12
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
consumed to produce electricity. See Table 8.6b for electric power sector CHP data. See Note 1,
end of section. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components

Operations Report."
251
Figure 8.7
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output,
1989-2009
Coal
Natural Gas
1.2
10
Total
8
Electricity
Generation
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
0.3
Total
6
Electricity
Generation
2
Useful Thermal Output
0.0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
0
1989
2007
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2004
2007
Wood and Waste

2.0
350
Total
300
1.5
Total
Quadrillion Btu
Million Barrels
250
200
Electricity
Generation
150
100
Electricity
Generation
0.5
50
0
1989
1.0
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0.0
1989
1992
1995
Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.
252
1998
2001
Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
798,181
811,538
812,124
824,512
861,904
869,405
881,012
928,015
952,955
966,615
970,175
1,015,398
991,635
1,005,144
1,031,778
1,044,798
1,065,281
1,053,783
1,069,606
R1,064,503
957,986
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids
Thousand Barrels
29,143
20,194
19,590
16,852
19,293
25,177
21,697
22,444
22,893
30,006
30,616
34,572
33,724
24,748
31,825
23,520
24,446
14,655
17,042
R14,137
14,158
265,970
209,081
193,073
160,941
176,992
164,047
112,168
124,607
134,623
189,267
172,319
156,673
177,137
118,637
152,859
157,478
156,915
69,846
74,616
R43,477
32,805
656
1,332
1,215
1,695
1,571
1,539
1,322
2,468
526
1,230
1,812
2,904
1,418
3,257
4,576
4,764
4,270
3,396
4,237
R3,765
3,390
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
Total
Natural Gas
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
915
2,832
2,566
3,366
4,200
4,157
4,590
4,596
6,095
6,196
5,989
4,669
4,532
7,353
7,067
8,721
9,113
8,622
7,299
R6,314
5,793
300,342
244,765
226,708
196,318
218,855
211,547
158,140
172,499
188,517
251,486
234,694
217,494
234,940
183,408
224,593
229,364
231,193
131,005
132,389
R92,948
79,318
4,048,736
4,346,311
4,428,742
4,617,578
4,662,236
5,151,163
5,572,253
5,178,232
5,433,338
6,030,490
6,304,942
6,676,744
6,730,591
6,986,081
6,337,402
6,726,679
7,020,709
7,404,432
7,961,922
R7,689,380
7,914,645
and jet fuel.
2
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
206
288
311
341
314
316
313
346
307
334
350
356
263
278
294
353
348
341
329
R300
257
Wood
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1,028
1,256
1,204
1,303
1,321
1,401
1,382
1,389
1,397
1,349
1,352
1,380
1,182
1,287
1,266
1,360
1,353
1,399
1,336
R1,263
1,187
Other 10
189
257
292
333
344
357
374
392
407
404
400
401
263
289
293
282
289
300
304
R328
321
88
86
114
92
85
92
97
91
103
95
101
109
229
252
262
254
237
237
239
R209
185
other biomass.
fuels).
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. See "Useful Thermal
Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
253
Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.7a)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
772,190
782,567
783,874
795,094
831,645
838,354
850,230
896,921
921,364
936,619
940,922
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
R1,040,580
936,536
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids
Thousand Barrels
26,156
16,567
14,359
12,623
14,849
20,612
18,553
18,780
18,989
23,300
24,058
30,016
29,274
21,876
27,632
19,107
19,675
12,646
15,327
R12,547
12,115
244,179
184,915
172,625
138,726
152,481
138,222
90,023
99,951
113,669
166,528
152,493
138,513
159,504
104,773
138,279
139,816
139,409
57,345
63,086
R38,241
28,738
10
26
59
128
239
771
499
653
152
431
544
454
377
1,267
2,026
2,713
2,685
1,870
2,594
R2,670
2,622
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
254
Total
Natural Gas
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
517
1,008
974
1,494
2,611
2,315
2,674
2,642
3,372
4,102
3,735
3,275
3,427
5,816
5,799
7,372
8,083
7,101
5,685
R5,119
4,602
272,931
206,550
191,911
158,948
180,625
171,178
122,447
132,593
149,668
210,769
195,769
185,358
206,291
156,995
196,932
198,498
202,184
107,365
109,431
R79,056
66,483
3,105,183
3,244,619
3,315,925
3,447,871
3,472,982
3,902,546
4,236,526
3,806,901
4,064,803
4,588,284
4,819,531
5,206,324
5,342,301
5,671,897
5,135,215
5,463,763
5,869,145
6,222,100
6,841,408
R6,668,379
6,887,907
and jet fuel.
other biomass.
fuels).
2
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
9
11
11
18
16
19
24
20
24
29
19
25
15
33
41
58
84
65
61
R61
56
Wood
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
100
129
126
140
150
152
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
R177
173
Other 10
132
188
229
262
265
282
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
R258
253
3
(s)
4
5
5
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
113
143
140
138
123
125
124
R128
126
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5.

the public. See Table 8.7c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1,
Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.7a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,125
1,191
1,228
1,175
1,373
1,344
1,419
1,660
1,738
1,443
1,490
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
R2,021
1,790
1,085
969
786
548
656
1,015
812
682
1,053
854
759
908
1,026
771
671
1,115
794
366
257
R418
434
883
1,087
551
675
828
588
413
545
509
932
834
676
773
400
708
827
789
520
434
R202
139
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
(s)
(s)
3
2
38
16
21
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
8
11
9
9
10
12
10
9
1,967
2,056
1,337
1,235
1,515
1,625
1,245
1,246
1,584
1,807
1,613
1,615
1,832
1,250
1,449
2,009
1,630
935
752
R671
617
30,037
46,458
52,101
62,346
65,173
72,285
77,664
82,455
86,915
87,220
84,037
84,874
78,655
73,975
58,453
72,072
67,957
67,735
70,074
R66,216
63,128
25,444
36,159
33,460
36,135
36,715
38,744
34,448
38,661
37,265
38,910
37,312
30,520
26,817
25,163
26,212
28,857
27,380
22,706
22,207
R13,222
12,219
913,516
1,055,235
1,060,716
1,107,361
1,124,081
1,176,332
1,258,063
1,288,876
1,281,620
1,354,986
1,401,374
1,385,546
1,309,636
1,240,209
1,143,734
1,190,844
1,083,607
1,114,597
1,050,439
R954,785
963,611
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
22
28
26
32
33
35
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
R34
34
926
1,125
1,076
1,161
1,169
1,248
1,255
1,249
1,259
1,211
1,213
1,244
1,054
1,136
1,097
1,193
1,166
1,216
1,148
R1,084
1,013
35
41
37
39
46
41
38
39
41
42
31
35
27
34
34
24
34
33
36
R35
34
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
15
17
18
21
20
21
17
R21
20
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
24,867
27,781
27,021
28,244
28,886
29,707
29,363
29,434
29,853
28,553
27,763
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
R21,902
19,660
1,903
2,657
4,446
3,680
3,788
3,550
2,333
2,983
2,851
5,852
5,799
3,648
3,424
2,101
3,522
3,298
3,977
1,643
1,458
R1,171
1,609
20,909
23,079
19,897
21,540
23,684
25,238
21,732
24,111
20,445
21,807
18,993
17,483
16,860
13,463
13,872
16,835
16,718
11,981
11,096
R5,034
3,928
646
1,305
1,156
1,567
1,326
768
823
1,815
374
800
1,268
2,448
1,039
1,953
2,535
2,030
1,583
1,526
1,643
R1,095
768
397
1,824
1,592
1,870
1,583
1,838
1,912
1,950
2,719
2,090
2,251
1,388
1,099
1,529
1,257
1,339
1,020
1,511
1,602
R1,184
1,183
other biomass.
fuels).
195
275
298
322
297
296
290
325
283
305
331
331
248
245
253
295
264
277
268
R239
201
85
86
110
87
80
89
95
89
102
93
99
108
101
92
103
94
94
92
98
R60
39
11
12

Notes: See Table 8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1,

255
Figure 8.8
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector
Coal, 1949-2009
Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2009
200
4
Coal
3
Quadrillion Btu
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
1
Petroleum
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Petroleum, 1949-2009
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Petroleum Products, 2009
150
20
19
18
Million Barrels
Million Barrels
15
100
50
10
7
5
2
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

3
Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short
ton.
2
256
Residual
Fuel Oil1
4
Jet fuel and kerosene.

Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.
Distillate
Fuel Oil2
Petroleum
Coke
Other
Liquids4
Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Petroleum
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
19997
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand Short Tons

22,054
31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
77,778
99,722
86,967
83,509
110,724
117,436
133,219
128,225
159,714
183,010
168,893
181,132
155,598
179,727
156,376
161,806
170,797
146,507
135,860
156,166
157,876
154,130
111,341
126,897
126,304
114,623
98,826
120,501
141,604
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
R161,589
189,971
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,095
15,199
16,432
14,703
19,281
16,386
20,301
30,023
26,094
23,369
18,801
19,116
16,386
16,269
15,759
15,099
13,824
16,471
16,357
15,714
15,674
16,644
15,392
15,216
15,456
16,343
17,995
15,127
20,486
17,413
19,153
19,275
18,778
18,013
18,395
R17,761
17,804
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
79,121
97,718
108,825
106,993
124,750
102,402
111,121
105,351
102,042
95,515
70,573
68,503
57,304
56,841
55,069
54,187
47,446
67,030
58,636
56,135
46,770
46,344
35,102
32,473
33,336
37,451
34,256
24,748
34,594
25,723
25,820
26,596
27,624
28,823
24,136
R21,088
18,846
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.

2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks
of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil.
6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginning
in 2002, also includes other liquids.
Notes: Stocks are at end of year. The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
779
879
1,012
1,380
1,902
R1,955
2,049
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5,6
Thousand Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
239
291
287
312
35
31
32
44
198
183
52
42
41
55
50
49
40
51
86
105
94
70
67
89
69
65
91
469
559
372
211
390
1,711
1,484
937
530
674
554
R739
1,395
8,604
10,201
13,671
19,572
25,647
39,151
51,101
59,090
90,776
113,091
125,413
121,857
144,252
119,778
132,338
135,635
128,345
119,090
89,652
87,870
73,933
73,313
71,084
69,714
61,795
83,970
75,343
72,183
62,890
63,333
50,821
48,146
51,138
56,591
54,109
40,932
57,031
52,490
53,170
51,434
50,062
51,583
47,203
R44,498
45,675
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note
2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum
Web Pages:

Operations Report."
257
Figure 8.9
Electricity End Use
Overview, 1989-2009
Retail Sales by Sector, 2009
1.5
1.36
Total End Use
Retail Sales
1.32
1.0
0.88
0.5
1
Direct Use
0
1989
0.01
0.0
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Retail Sales by Sector, 1949-2009
1.5
Residential
1.0
Industrial
Commercial
0.5
Transportation
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
2
Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that
consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial
258
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
process located within the same facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Source: Table 8.9.
Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Retail Sales 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Residential
67
72
128
201
291
466
500
539
579
578
588
606
645
674
683
717
722
730
751
780
794
819
850
893
906
924
955
936
995
1,008
1,043
1,083
1,076
1,130
1,145
1,192
1,202
1,265
1,276
1,292
1,359
1,352
1,392
R1,380
1,363
Commercial 2
E59
E66
E103
E159
E231
E352
E377
E413
E445
E440
E468
E492
E514
E531
543
559
596
609
620
664
689
715
744
784
811
838
855
850
885
913
953
980
1,027
1,078
1,104
1,159
1,191
1,205
1,199
1,230
1,275
1,300
1,336
R1,336
1,323
Industrial 3
123
146
260
324
429
571
589
641
686
685
688
754
786
809
842
815
826
745
776
838
837
831
858
896
926
946
947
973
977
1,008
1,013
1,034
1,038
1,051
1,058
1,064
997
990
1,012
1,018
1,019
1,011
1,028
R1,009
882
Discontinued Retail Sales Series

Transportation 4
Total Retail Sales 5
Direct Use 6
Total End Use7
Commercial (Old) 8
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,647
2,713
2,762
2,763
2,861
2,935
3,013
3,101
3,146
3,264
3,312
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
R3,733
3,575
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
109
125
124
134
139
146
151
153
156
161
172
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
159
R173
E166
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,470
1,595
1,713
1,706
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,756
2,837
2,886
2,897
3,001
3,081
3,164
3,254
3,302
3,425
3,484
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
3,924
R3,906
3,741
45
51
79
131
200
307
329
359
388
385
403
425
447
461
473
488
514
526
544
583
606
631
660
699
726
751
766
761
795
820
863
887
929
979
1,002
1,055
1,083
1,104
E6
E7
E6
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
7
8
8
8
2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other
sales to public authorities.
3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includes
agriculture and irrigation.
4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."
6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the
power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the same
facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for the commercial sector, excluding public
street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation
including railroads and railways.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. = Not applicable.
Other (Old) 9
20
22
29
32
34
48
51
56
59
58
68
70
71
73
73
74
85
86
80
85
87
89
88
90
90
92
94
93
95
98
95
98
103
104
107
109
113
106
Web Pages:

Sources: Residential and Industrial: 1949-September 1977Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income." October 1977-February
1980Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric
Operating Revenue and Income." March 1980-1982FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility Company
Monthly Statement." 1983U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric Utility
Company Monthly Statement." 1984-1994EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 1995
forwardEIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2010), Table 5.1. Commercial: 1949-2002Estimated
by EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the non-transportation portion of "Other (Old)." See
estimation methodology at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003
forwardEIA,
Electric
Power
Monthly
(March
2010),
Table
5.1.
Transportation:
1949-2002Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion of "Other (Old)." See estimation
methodology at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003 forwardEIA,
Electric Power Monthly (March 2010), Table 5.1. Direct Use: 1989-1996EIA, Form EIA-867, "Annual
Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1997-2008EIA, Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010), Table
7.2. 2009Estimate based on the 2008 value adjusted by the percentage change in commercial and
industrial net generation on Table 8.1. Commercial (Old) and Other (Old): 1949-2002See sources
for "Residential" and "Industrial."
259
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2009
By Sector, 2009
12
14
Real
Nominal
12
10
11.17
Cents per Kilowatthour
10.52
8
Nominal
6
4
8
6.84
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Residential
Industrial
Transportation
15
Commercial
Transportation
8
Other
Industrial
4
2
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2
See Nominal Price in Glossary.
3
Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public
Chained (2005) Cents per Kilowatthour
Residential
Commercial
By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2009
10
260
6.23
0
1965
12
10.18
9.30
By Sector, Nominal Prices, 1960-2009
0
1960
10.21
10
2
0
1960
Real
11.55
Commercial
Residential
10
Other
Transportation
0
1960
Industrial
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
Note: Taxes are included.
Source: Table 8.10.
Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2009

(Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Commercial 1
Residential
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Nominal
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.6
5.4
6.2
6.9
7.2
7.15
7.39
7.42
7.45
7.48
7.65
7.83
8.04
8.21
8.32
8.38
8.40
8.36
8.43
8.26
8.16
8.24
8.58
8.44
8.72
8.95
9.45
10.40
10.65
R11.26
11.55
Real
R14.0
R13.8
R13.6
R13.0
R12.8
R12.1
R11.2
R10.9
R10.5
R9.5
R9.1
R9.0
R9.0
R8.9
R10.1
R10.4
R10.4
R10.9
R10.6
R10.5
R11.3
R11.9
R12.5
R12.5
R11.96
R12.00
R11.79
R11.50
R11.17
R11.00
R10.84
R10.75
R10.73
R10.64
R10.49
R10.30
R10.06
R9.97
R9.66
R9.40
R9.30
R9.46
R9.16
R9.27
R9.25
R9.45
R10.07
R10.03
R10.38
10.52
Nominal
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.0
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.5
6.3
6.9
7.0
7.13
7.27
7.20
7.08
7.04
7.20
7.34
7.53
7.66
7.74
7.73
7.69
7.64
7.59
7.41
7.26
7.43
7.92
7.89
8.03
8.17
8.67
9.46
9.65
R10.36
10.21
Real
R12.9
R12.8
R12.6
R11.9
R11.3
R11.0
R10.3
R10.0
R9.5
R9.1
R8.6
R8.6
R8.6
R8.5
R9.8
R10.4
R10.4
R10.9
R10.9
R10.7
R11.5
R12.1
R12.5
R12.2
R11.93
R11.81
R11.44
R10.93
R10.51
R10.36
R10.17
R10.07
R10.01
R9.89
R9.68
R9.43
R9.20
R8.98
R8.67
R8.37
R8.38
R8.74
R8.57
R8.53
R8.44
R8.67
R9.16
R9.09
R9.55
9.30
Industrial 2
6
Nominal
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.7
4.3
5.0
5.0
4.83
4.97
4.93
4.77
4.70
4.72
4.74
4.83
4.83
4.85
4.77
4.66
4.60
4.53
4.48
4.43
4.64
5.05
4.88
5.11
5.25
5.73
6.16
6.39
R6.83
6.84
Transportation 3
Real
R5.9
R5.9
R5.8
R5.2
R5.1
R5.0
R4.9
R4.7
R4.5
R4.3
R4.1
R4.3
R4.5
R4.6
R5.5
R6.3
R6.2
R6.6
R6.9
R7.1
R7.8
R8.2
R9.0
R8.7
R8.08
R8.07
R7.83
R7.37
R7.02
R6.79
R6.57
R6.46
R6.31
R6.20
R5.97
R5.72
R5.54
R5.36
R5.24
R5.11
R5.23
R5.57
R5.30
R5.43
R5.43
R5.73
R5.97
R6.02
R6.30
6.23
1 Commercial sector.
For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
2 Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.
3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.
4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture
and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
5 See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. = Not applicable.
Notes: Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the
categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. Data represent revenue from electricity
retail sales divided by electricity retail sales. Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demand
charges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not include
Nominal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.54
7.18
8.57
9.54
9.70
R10.74
11.17
Real
Other 4
6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R8.01
R7.42
R8.57
R9.24
R9.13
R9.90
10.18
Nominal
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.8
5.3
5.9
6.4
5.90
6.09
6.11
6.21
6.20
6.25
6.40
6.51
6.74
6.88
6.84
6.88
6.91
6.91
6.63
6.35
6.56
7.20
6.75
Total
Real
R10.2
R9.6
R10.0
R9.3
R9.2
R9.0
R8.8
R8.5
R8.2
R7.4
R7.4
R7.4
R7.5
R7.5
R9.1
R9.2
R9.3
R9.3
R8.9
R9.1
R10.1
R10.2
R10.7
R11.1
R9.87
R9.89
R9.71
R9.59
R9.26
R8.99
R8.86
R8.71
R8.81
R8.80
R8.56
R8.44
R8.32
R8.17
R7.75
R7.32
R7.40
R7.94
R7.33
Nominal
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.7
5.5
6.1
6.3
6.25
6.44
6.44
6.37
6.35
6.45
6.57
6.75
6.82
6.93
6.91
6.89
6.86
6.85
6.74
6.64
6.81
7.29
7.20
7.44
7.61
8.14
8.90
9.13
R9.74
9.89
Real 6
R9.7
R9.6
R9.4
R9.3
R8.7
R8.5
R8.3
R8.1
R7.3
R6.9
R7.0
R7.1
R7.1
R7.1
R8.2
R8.6
R8.7
R9.0
R9.2
R9.1
R9.8
R10.5
R11.0
R10.9
R10.46
R10.46
R10.23
R9.84
R9.48
R9.28
R9.10
R9.03
R8.91
R8.86
R8.65
R8.45
R8.26
R8.10
R7.88
R7.65
R7.68
R8.04
R7.82
R7.91
R7.86
R8.14
R8.62
R8.60
R8.98
9.01
deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from
previous reporting periods. Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities
only. (Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or more; Class B utilities are those
with between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For 1980-1982, data are for selected Class A utilities whose
electric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are for a
selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census of electric utilities. Beginning
in 1996, data also include energy service providers selling to retail customers.
Sources: 1960-September 1977Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of
Electric Operating Revenues and Income." October 1977-February 1980Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income."
March 1980-1982FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."

1983U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly
Statement." 1984-1994EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 1995 forwardEIA,
Electric Power Monthly (March 2010), Table 5.3.
261
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2009
By Major Category, 2009
1,200
900
778
800
Total
600
Fossil Fuels
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
1,000
400
200
600
300
Renewable
Energy
126
101
22
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Fossil
Fuels
Renewable
Energy
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
By Source, 2009
500
Million Kilowatts
400
405
314
300
200
101
100
100
57
34
7
Wood
Waste
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Other
0
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power
Petroleum
Conventional and pumped storage.

Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous
technologies.
Wind
Source: Table 8.11a.
262
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2009
Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009

1,250
1,200
1,000
Total (All Sectors)
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
900
600
300
750
500
250
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
Commercial and Industrial
1990
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Commercial Sector, 2009
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Industrial Sector, 2009
1.2
16
14.7
1.1
0.4
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
12
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
8
5.1
3.4
1.8
(s)
0.7
0.0
Natural
Gas
Waste
Coal
Petroleum
Other
1
Conventional hydroelectric power, solar/PV, wood, blast furnace gas, propane gas, and
other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
2
fossil fuels
3
0.1
Hydroelectric
Power
Waste
0
Natural
Gas
Wood
Coal
Other
Gases
Petroleum
0.9
0.3
Other
4
Solar/PV, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
(s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.
263
Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Coal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
303.1
307.4
307.4
309.4
310.1
311.4
311.4
313.4
313.6
315.8
315.5
315.1
314.2
315.4
313.0
313.0
313.4
313.0
312.7
313.3
314.4
Petroleum
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
79.1
77.9
74.2
73.1
71.1
71.7
66.6
72.5
72.5
66.3
60.1
61.8
66.2
59.7
60.7
59.1
58.5
58.1
56.1
57.4
57.0
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
135.7
140.8
147.6
152.2
158.6
164.8
174.5
174.1
176.5
180.3
195.1
219.6
252.8
312.5
355.4
371.0
383.1
388.3
392.9
397.4
404.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.9
2.3
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.0
Total
44.9
50.0
86.8
130.8
182.9
265.4
288.0
310.7
341.2
360.7
375.1
394.8
410.4
420.8
432.1
444.1
458.9
469.6
472.8
478.6
485.0
488.3
488.8
490.6
519.4
527.8
531.4
536.7
541.8
550.0
554.2
561.7
564.1
563.9
572.6
598.9
634.9
689.5
731.2
745.4
757.1
761.6
764.0
770.2
778.2
Nuclear
Electric
Power
0.0
.0
.0
.4
.8
7.0
9.0
14.5
22.7
31.9
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.8
100.8
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
21.9
21.9
21.9
5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
10 Included in "Wood."
2
264
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.8
51.0
63.8
69.1
70.5
75.4
75.5
78.4
78.0
78.6
79.9
82.9
81.7
82.4
83.0
83.9
85.3
88.9
89.3
89.7
90.3
74.1
73.9
76.0
74.8
77.4
78.0
78.6
76.4
79.4
79.2
79.4
79.4
78.9
79.4
78.7
77.6
77.5
77.8
77.9
77.9
78.0
Biomass
Wood 6
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
5.2
5.5
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.1
5.9
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.9
6.9
Waste 7
Geothermal
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
.2
.2
.2
.2
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.2
4.4
11
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.4
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
( 11 )
11
( )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
16.5
24.7
33.5
Total
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.9
51.1
63.9
69.4
70.9
75.9
76.0
79.0
78.6
79.2
80.5
83.6
82.7
83.4
84.1
85.3
86.9
90.8
91.2
91.7
92.4
85.7
86.8
89.9
89.1
92.1
93.1
93.9
91.7
94.8
94.6
95.3
94.9
95.0
96.1
96.8
96.4
98.7
101.9
108.0
116.4
125.8
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.8
.8
1.0
.5
.5
.7
.7
.7
.9
.9
.8
.9
.9
Total
63.4
69.2
114.2
167.1
234.8
336.4
366.4
396.0
439.8
468.5
491.3
517.2
535.9
552.1
565.5
578.6
598.3
613.7
621.1
635.1
655.2
664.8
674.1
677.7
721.8
734.1
739.9
746.5
754.6
764.0
769.5
775.9
778.6
775.9
785.9
811.7
848.3
905.3
948.4
962.9
978.0
986.2
994.9
1,010.2
1,027.6
Included in "Wind."
Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Notes: Data are at end of year. For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assigned
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at
end of section. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages:

Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
12
Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
298.0
302.3
302.5
304.3
305.0
306.1
306.0
308.1
308.5
310.9
310.7
310.2
309.8
311.0
308.5
308.8
309.0
309.2
309.1
309.6
310.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
78.1
76.8
73.0
71.8
69.9
70.5
65.4
71.3
71.0
65.0
58.6
60.7
64.7
58.6
59.6
58.0
57.4
56.8
54.8
56.4
55.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
125.4
129.9
137.1
141.0
146.9
152.5
161.9
161.4
163.4
167.1
181.1
204.7
236.8
296.6
339.1
355.2
367.5
372.0
377.1
381.8
389.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.4
.4
.7
.7
.7
.7
.3
.1
.2
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.5
.2
.2
44.9
50.0
86.8
130.8
182.9
265.4
288.0
310.7
341.2
360.7
375.1
394.8
410.4
420.8
432.1
444.1
458.9
469.6
472.8
478.6
485.0
488.3
488.8
490.6
501.9
509.3
513.3
517.9
522.5
529.8
533.7
540.9
543.1
543.0
550.7
575.9
611.6
666.5
707.6
722.4
734.3
738.4
741.5
748.1
755.7
0.0
.0
.0
.4
.8
7.0
9.0
14.5
22.7
31.9
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.8
100.8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothermal
Solar/PV 8
Wind
Total
Other 9
Total
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
21.9
21.9
21.9
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.8
51.0
63.8
69.1
70.5
75.4
75.5
78.4
78.0
78.6
79.9
82.9
81.7
82.4
83.0
83.9
85.3
88.9
89.3
89.7
90.3
73.6
73.3
75.4
74.2
76.8
76.9
77.4
75.3
78.3
78.0
78.3
78.2
77.9
78.3
77.9
77.0
76.9
77.1
77.5
77.6
77.6
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.7
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.6
3.8
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
16.5
24.7
33.5
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.9
51.1
63.9
69.4
70.9
75.9
76.0
79.0
78.6
79.2
80.5
83.6
82.7
83.4
84.1
85.3
86.9
90.8
91.2
91.7
92.4
80.7
81.4
84.0
83.1
85.9
86.4
87.3
84.9
87.8
87.8
88.6
88.8
89.2
90.2
91.3
90.6
92.9
95.9
102.0
110.5
119.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.2
.2
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
63.4
69.2
114.2
167.1
234.8
336.4
366.4
396.0
439.8
468.5
491.3
517.2
535.9
552.1
565.5
578.6
598.3
613.7
621.1
635.1
655.2
664.8
674.1
677.7
698.8
709.9
715.3
721.2
728.6
736.5
741.8
747.7
750.1
747.6
756.5
782.1
818.8
875.8
918.6
933.4
948.6
956.2
965.7
981.3
998.2
10 Included in "Wood."
11 Included in "Wind."
Biomass
P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. The electric power sector comprises
electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary
business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Table 8.11d for commercial and
industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See "Generator Net Summer
Capacity" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

Sources: 1949-1984U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. 1985-1988EIA,
Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." 1989-1997EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA,
Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator ReportUtility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 2001 forwardEIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
265
Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009
(Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 5
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
296.5
299.9
299.6
300.8
301.2
301.6
301.3
303.1
303.6
305.9
305.5
305.2
305.2
305.8
303.0
303.2
303.4
303.4
303.2
303.7
304.7
78.0
76.6
72.6
71.5
69.3
69.8
64.7
70.6
70.2
64.2
57.5
59.8
63.8
57.5
58.6
57.3
56.9
55.8
53.9
55.5
55.0
119.3
121.8
127.9
130.2
134.5
136.6
145.3
143.1
144.7
147.5
161.7
184.0
215.5
268.1
304.2
322.6
335.8
341.9
347.6
352.2
359.9
0.4
.4
.7
.7
.7
.7
.3
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.1
494.2
498.6
500.8
503.1
505.7
508.7
511.5
516.9
518.7
517.5
525.0
549.0
584.5
631.5
665.9
683.2
696.2
701.2
704.9
711.4
719.5
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.8
100.8
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
21.9
21.9
21.9
73.6
73.3
75.4
74.2
76.8
76.9
77.4
75.3
78.3
78.0
78.3
78.2
77.9
78.3
77.9
77.0
76.9
77.1
77.5
77.6
77.6
Waste 6
Geothermal
Solar/PV 7
Other 8
Wind
Total
Total
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
16.5
24.7
33.5
80.3
80.9
83.6
82.7
85.5
85.9
86.6
84.2
87.1
87.0
87.8
88.1
88.7
89.7
90.6
90.0
92.3
95.3
101.3
109.8
119.1
(s)
.2
.2
.2
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
690.7
698.6
702.4
706.0
711.3
715.0
719.1
723.0
725.0
721.4
730.0
754.5
791.1
840.3
876.3
893.7
909.8
918.4
928.5
944.0
961.3
0.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
.7
.5
.6
.7
.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
(s)
8.1
11.2
12.9
15.2
17.3
21.5
22.7
24.6
25.1
26.2
26.5
27.7
27.6
35.5
42.3
39.7
38.7
37.8
37.3
37.3
36.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.4
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.4
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
0.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.5
2.4
2.9
3.5
3.8
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.0
4.6
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.2
.2
.4
.3
.7
.7
.8
.7
.8
.8
1.1
.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
.7
.5
1.0
.9
.9
.9
6.1
8.1
9.2
10.9
12.3
15.9
16.6
18.4
18.7
19.6
19.4
20.7
21.2
28.5
34.9
32.6
31.7
30.0
29.5
29.6
29.2
(s)
(s)
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
7.7
10.7
12.5
14.7
16.8
21.0
22.1
24.0
24.4
25.5
25.7
26.9
27.1
34.9
41.7
39.2
38.1
37.2
36.6
36.6
36.2
266
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. See Table 8.11d for commercial and industrial
CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification
of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in
Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA,
Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator ReportUtility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 2001 forwardEIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009
(Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Petroleum
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydro
electric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 5
Waste 6
Geothermal
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
0.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
Solar/PV 7
Other 8
Wind
Total
Total
(s)
(s)
0.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
R (s)
(s)
(s)
4.8
5.1
5.6
5.6
5.8
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.3
6.2
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
0.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.6
.8
.5
.4
.6
.6
.7
.8
.8
.7
.9
.9
21.8
22.9
23.2
23.8
24.3
25.4
25.5
25.9
26.2
26.0
27.1
27.3
26.6
27.3
27.7
27.4
27.2
27.8
26.8
26.6
27.0
Commercial Sector 9
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
0.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
0.6
.7
.7
.8
.9
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.9
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.4
0.7
.9
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
.8
1.1
.7
.7
.8
.8
1.0
.9
.7
.7
9.7
10.3
9.8
10.3
10.9
11.0
11.3
11.5
11.9
12.0
12.9
13.7
14.1
14.7
15.3
14.8
14.5
15.3
14.7
14.6
14.7
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.3
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
16.5
17.3
17.1
17.6
18.0
18.5
18.7
19.0
19.2
19.1
20.1
21.2
20.7
21.2
21.9
21.3
21.0
21.4
20.6
20.3
20.7
2
0.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
.8
.6
.7
.7
.3
.3
.3
4.1
4.3
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.1
10

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. See Tables 8.11b and 8.11c for electric power
sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See "Generator Net Summer
Capacity" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

ReportNonutility." 2001 forwardEIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
267
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2009
Capacity Margin, 1996-2009

40
900
Summer
Winter
30
600
Percent
Gigawatts
Winter
20
Summer
300
10
0
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2009
0
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
North American Electric Reliability Corporation Map
250
Summer
Winter
203
200
181
Gigawatts
178
146
150
141
111
100
63
50
61
43
46
44
43
47
44
37
33
0
ERCOT
FRCC
MRO
NPCC
(U.S.)
(U.S.)
RFC
SERC
SPP
WECC
(U.S.)
Notes: Values for 2009 are forecast. Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more
peak loads on individual systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary for
information on North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC).
268
Sources: Data: Table 8.12. Map: North American Electric Reliability Corporation.
Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2009
(Megawatts, Except as Noted)
Noncoincident Peak Load 1
North American Electric Reliability Corporation Regions 2
Year
ECAR 3
ERCOT
FRCC
MAAC 3
MAIN 3
MRO 4
(U.S.)
NPCC
(U.S.)
RFC 5
SERC
SPP
WECC 6
(U.S.)
Contiguous
United
States
ASCC
(Alaska)
Hawaii
U.S.
Total
Capacity
Margin 7
(percent)
Summer 8
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009F
69,606
72,561
79,149
75,442
79,258
81,224
78,550
80,930
87,165
92,619
90,798
93,492
93,784
99,239
92,033
100,235
102,996
98,487
95,300
39,335
39,339
40,843
40,402
42,737
41,870
42,619
44,255
44,162
46,618
47,480
50,541
54,666
55,529
57,606
55,201
56,248
59,996
58,531
60,210
62,339
62,188
R62,174
63,491
35,375
38,730
37,493
37,194
39,062
40,696
40,475
42,383
46,396
45,751
46,676
R44,836
45,734
37,564
40,526
43,110
41,614
42,613
45,937
43,658
46,494
46,019
48,577
44,302
49,464
48,445
51,645
49,477
54,015
55,569
53,566
52,049
35,943
37,446
41,139
39,460
40,740
41,598
38,819
41,956
42,562
45,782
46,402
45,887
47,509
51,535
52,552
56,344
56,396
56,988
53,439
21,029
23,162
24,899
24,336
24,994
25,498
22,638
24,396
27,000
29,192
28,253
29,787
30,722
31,903
28,605
28,321
29,119
28,831
29,351
39,918
42,194
41,684
R39,677
43,172
39,026
42,651
45,245
45,031
44,116
46,594
43,658
46,706
47,581
47,705
45,094
49,269
49,566
52,855
50,057
55,949
56,012
55,018
52,549
58,960
63,241
58,314
R58,543
61,327
190,200
191,920
181,700
R169,155
178,100
105,570
109,798
115,168
117,729
121,943
124,716
128,236
135,704
132,584
146,569
145,650
137,382
143,226
149,685
156,088
149,293
158,767
153,110
157,615
190,705
199,052
209,109
R199,779
202,738
47,123
47,723
49,356
49,439
52,541
51,885
51,324
57,106
56,035
59,595
60,072
36,479
37,724
38,609
40,199
40,273
39,688
40,367
40,106
41,727
42,882
43,167
R43,476
44,462
81,787
82,967
90,551
90,657
97,389
92,096
99,205
97,809
102,212
103,592
108,739
110,001
115,921
113,629
114,602
109,119
119,074
122,537
123,136
130,760
142,096
139,389
R134,829
140,692
476,983
496,173
529,460
524,110
546,331
551,418
548,707
575,356
585,320
620,249
616,790
637,677
660,293
682,122
678,413
687,812
714,565
709,375
704,459
758,876
789,475
782,227
R752,470
779,716
456
463
471
504
511
524
622
476,983
496,173
529,460
524,566
546,794
551,889
549,211
575,867
585,844
620,871
616,790
637,677
660,293
682,122
678,413
687,812
714,565
709,375
704,459
758,876
789,475
782,227
R752,470
779,716
NA
NA
NA
NA
21.6
20.9
20.5
19.9
18.7
18.9
17.5
16.2
14.3
14.6
15.7
14.5
16.4
18.6
20.9
15.4
R12.9
R16.1
R18.2
19.4
33,877
34,472
35,649
42,268
38,949
38,759
39,912
41,644
42,505
44,624
49,095
27,437
27,847
27,963
30,576
29,614
30,187
28,450
29,490
31,260
30,792
31,322
R32,809
32,636
76,171
81,182
82,937
84,768
94,252
86,097
91,686
88,811
91,037
94,890
95,435
94,158
101,822
99,080
97,324
96,622
95,951
102,020
102,689
107,493
111,093
112,700
R113,605
111,324
422,857
448,265
459,734
496,378
484,231
485,761
492,983
521,733
518,253
544,684
554,081
529,874
567,558
570,915
588,426
576,312
604,986
593,874
618,701
626,365
640,981
637,905
R643,557
642,383
626
613
622
635
632
641
676
422,857
448,265
459,734
497,004
484,844
486,383
493,618
522,365
518,894
545,360
554,081
529,874
567,558
570,915
588,426
576,312
604,986
593,874
618,701
626,365
640,981
637,905
R643,557
642,383
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
27.7
26.0
25.7
26.7
29.5
28.9
29.4
33.5
31.6
30.2
R30.1
R30.7
R31.0
34.5
Winter 9
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009F
64,561
68,118
67,771
73,080
67,097
71,181
72,885
81,846
75,638
83,465
84,534
75,670
84,401
86,239
84,546
85,485
87,300
86,332
91,800
28,730
31,399
34,621
38,388
35,815
35,448
35,055
35,407
36,180
36,965
38,868
37,966
41,876
39,164
44,641
44,015
45,414
42,702
44,010
48,141
50,402
50,408
R47,806
43,463
33,076
39,975
40,178
38,606
40,922
45,635
36,841
44,839
42,657
42,526
41,701
R45,275
44,446
32,807
35,775
36,363
38,161
36,551
37,983
37,915
41,406
40,653
40,790
40,468
37,217
36,532
40,220
43,256
39,458
46,551
45,625
45,905
28,036
30,606
30,631
33,770
32,461
33,420
31,289
34,966
33,999
35,734
37,162
34,973
37,410
39,081
41,943
40,529
42,412
41,719
42,929
18,850
19,335
20,162
21,360
21,113
21,432
21,866
21,955
23,033
23,429
24,251
25,390
26,080
25,200
24,536
21,815
23,645
24,134
24,526
33,748
34,677
33,191
R36,029
36,571
37,976
41,902
42,951
42,588
40,545
41,866
41,125
42,063
42,547
42,755
41,208
41,338
44,199
45,227
43,852
42,670
46,009
48,079
48,176
46,828
46,697
46,795
R46,043
47,098
151,600
149,631
141,900
R142,395
145,800
1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur
at the same time interval.
2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Corporation (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S.
portion of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions.
3 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Utility members joined other reliability regional
councils.
4 MRO was renamed from MAPP in 2004.
5 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) came into existence on January 1, 2006. Many of the former utility
members of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN joined RFC.
6 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002.
7 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than
101,849
105,476
108,649
121,995
117,448
119,575
121,250
133,635
132,661
142,032
143,060
122,649
127,416
128,563
139,146
135,182
141,882
137,972
144,337
164,638
175,163
179,888
R179,596
181,045
estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or winter) demand. Net internal
demand does not include estimated demand for direct control load management and customers with
interruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous United States only.
8 The summer peak period is June through September.
9 The winter peak period is December through February of the following year.
R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. = Not applicable. = No data reported.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010),
Tables 4.1-4.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report," and
predecessor forms.
269
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2008
Actual Peakload Reductions, 2008
40
60
33
30
25
Gigawatts
25
27 26
23
20
16
12
Energy
Efficiency
19,650
19,650 MW
(60%)
30
30 30
26
25
27
23 23 24
23
17
14
Load Management
13,091
40MW
(40%)
13,091
10
Total: 32,741 Megawatts (MW)

1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Energy Savings, 1989-2008
Electric Utility Costs, 1989-2008
100
3.7
88
80
3
62
57
60
52
49 51
45
40
60
56
54 54 54
Billion Dollars
69
64
55
50
36
25
20 15
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.4 1.4
1.6 1.6 1.6
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.2
0
1989
270
2.5
2.4
2.3
1 0.9
20
2.7 2.7
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
1989
1991
1993
1995
Source: Table 8.13.
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2008

Actual Peakload Reductions 1
Energy Efficiency 2
Total
Megawatts
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Load Management 3
NA
NA
NA
7,890
10,368
11,662
13,212
14,243
13,327
13,591
13,452
12,873
13,027
13,420
13,581
14,272
15,351
15,959
17,710
19,650
NA
NA
NA
9,314
12,701
13,340
16,347
15,650
11,958
13,640
13,003
10,027
11,928
9,516
9,323
9,260
10,359
11,281
R12,543
13,091
1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility
demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actual
peak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actual
and potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variable
conditions.
2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use
devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overall
electricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings.
Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce the
same level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples include
high-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, and
heat recovery systems.
3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"
and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interrupt
consumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interrupting
power supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usually
involves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance
Energy Savings
Electric Utility Costs
Million Kilowatthours
Thousand Dollars 4
12,463
13,704
15,619
17,204
23,069
25,001
29,561
29,893
25,284
27,231
26,455
22,901
24,955
22,936
22,904
23,532
25,710
27,240
R30,253
32,741
14,672
20,458
24,848
35,563
45,294
52,483
57,421
61,842
56,406
49,167
50,563
53,701
53,936
54,075
50,265
54,710
59,897
63,817
R68,992
87,825
872,935
1,177,457
1,803,773
2,348,094
2,743,533
2,715,657
2,421,284
1,902,197
1,636,020
1,420,920
1,423,644
1,564,901
1,630,286
1,625,537
1,297,210
1,557,466
1,921,352
2,051,394
R2,523,117
3,720,095
with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct control
of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. It
usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In some instances, the load reduction may be
affected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) after notice to the consumer in accordance
with contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that limit or shift peak loads from on-peak to
off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating storage systems.
Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs operated by electric utilities. The decrease
since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be attributed in part to utilities cutting back or
terminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Some State governments have created new
programs to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mart Loan Fund" administered by the New
York Energy Research and Development Authority and the "Efficiency Vermont" program of the Vermont
Public Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to these non-utility programs are not collected
by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
Sources: 1989-1996EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 1997 forwardEIA,
Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010), Tables 9.1, 9.6, and 9.7.
271
Electricity
Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that
generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independent
power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a
generator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with a
generator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid and
included in data for the electric power sector.
Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 are
assigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11
(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and
22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector.
Those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA860, Annual Electric Generator Report, asks respondents to indicate the
primary purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860/eia860.doc.
Note 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Through the Annual Energy Review
(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuels
and hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate to
convert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat rate
for geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to all
traded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric
272
power and geothermal energy are no longer included in renewable energy

consumption data. They continue to be included in total U.S. energy consumption
as components of electricity net imports, with energy sources unspecified (see
Tables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 2001 and AER 2002 resulted in a
0.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable energy consumption from 1949
forward.
Table 8.1 Sources: Net Generation, Electric Power Sector: Table 8.2b. Net
Generation, Commercial Sector: Table 8.2d. Net Generation, Industrial
Sector: 1949-September 1977Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-4,
"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric Generating Capacity," for
all other plants. October 1977-1978Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generating
capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric
Generating Capacity," for all other plants. 1979FERC, Form FPC-4, "Monthly
Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,
and EIA estimates for all other plants. 1980-1988Estimated by EIA as the
average generation over the 6-year period of 1974-1979. 1989 forwardTable
8.2d. Net Generation, Total: Table 8.2a. Imports and Exports: 1949September 1977Unpublished FPC data. October 1977-1980Unpublished
Economic Regulatory Administration (ERA) data. 1981U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Emergency Operations, "Report on Electric
Energy Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year 1981," April 1982
(revised June 1982). 1982 and 1983DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges
Across International Borders. 1984-1986DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across International Borders. 1987 and 1988DOE, ERA, Form ERA781R, "Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data."
1989DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, "Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data." 1990 forwardNational Energy Board of Canada,
and DOE, Fossil Energy, Office of Fuels Programs, Form FE-781R, "Export/Import
Data." For 2001 forward, data from the California Independent System Operator
are used in combination with the Form FE-781R values to estimate electricity trade
with Mexico. T & D Losses and Unaccounted for: Calculated as the sum of total
net generation and imports minus total end use and exports. End Use: Table 8.9.
9
Nuclear Energy
Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States (rectangular
reactor building and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bruce Mansfield coalfired power plant (southwestern Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 9.1
Nuclear Generating Units
Operable Units,1 1957-2009
Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-2009

Peak: 112 Units in 1990
104 Units
In 2009
90
Number of Units
12
60
8
Million Kilowatts
120
30
-4
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2009
Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1955-2009

4
104
Operable
Units
28
Permanent
Shutdowns
Number
0
1955
Total Units Ordered: 259
1
Units holding full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end
of the year.
274
1960
1965
1970
Note: Data are at end of year.

Sources: Tables 9.1 and 8.11a.
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2009

Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) 1
Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52) 1
Construction
Permits
Issued 2,3
Low-Power
Operating Licenses
Issued 3,4
Full-Power
Operating Licenses
Issued 3,5
Early Site
Permits
Issued 3
Combined
License Applications
Received
Combined
Licenses
Issued 3
1
3
1
0
3
7
0
1
1
3
1
5
14
23
7
10
4
8
14
23
9
9
15
13
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
7
3
2
0
1
3
0
4
4
5
6
12
14
3
7
4
3
0
5
3
6
3
7
7
7
6
1
3
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
6
2
3
0
2
3
0
4
3
2
6
15
15
2
7
4
4
0
2
4
4
3
6
9
5
8
2
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
0
1
1
2
3
3
9
11
13
13
14
15
13
17
20
22
27
42
55
57
63
67
70
69
71
75
78
81
87
96
101
107
109
111
112
111
109
110
109
109
109
107
104
1999-2006
104
2007
2008
2009
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
5
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
104
104
104
Total
177
132
132
17
28
Year
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1 Data in columns 1-3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR
Part 50. Data in columns 4-6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "Pending
Actions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.
2 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Under
current licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operating
license.
3 Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses.
4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not to
operate at full power.
5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note that
Permanent
Shutdowns
Operable Units 6
some units receive full-power licenses the same year they receive low-power licenses). Units initially
undergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation.
6 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at
the end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumulative number of units holding full-power
licenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).
= Not applicable.
Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.
275
Figure 9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2009
25
20
3.953
in
2009
3
Total
Percent
Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2009
20%
in
2009
15
10
0.799 in 2009
1
Nuclear
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
1960
2000
Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2009
1970
1980
1990
2000
Capacity Factor, 1973-2009

100
120
Million Kilowatts
101
in
2009
60
Percent
80
90
91%
in
2009
60
40
30
20
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1975
1980
1985
276
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2009

Year
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation
Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation
Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units 1
Capacity Factor 2
Percent
Million Kilowatts
Percent
(s)
.2
.2
.5
1.7
2.3
3.2
3.3
3.7
5.5
7.7
12.5
13.9
21.8
38.1
54.1
83.5
114.0
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
798.7
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.6
.9
1.0
1.4
2.4
3.1
4.5
6.1
9.0
9.4
11.8
12.5
11.3
11.0
11.9
12.6
12.7
13.5
15.5
16.6
17.7
19.5
17.8
19.0
19.9
20.1
19.1
19.7
20.1
19.6
18.0
18.6
19.7
19.8
20.6
20.2
19.7
19.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.6
20.2
0.1
.1
.1
.4
.4
.7
.8
.8
.8
1.7
2.7
2.7
4.4
7.0
9.0
14.5
22.7
31.9
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
R100.8
100.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53.5
47.8
55.9
54.7
63.3
64.5
58.4
56.3
58.2
56.6
54.4
56.3
58.0
56.9
57.4
63.5
62.2
66.0
70.2
70.9
70.5
73.8
77.4
76.2
71.1
78.2
85.3
88.1
89.4
90.3
87.9
90.1
89.3
89.6
91.8
R91.1
90.5
At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.

See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05.
Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.
2
Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation:
Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: 1949-2008: Table 8.11a. 2009U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review (MER) (April 2010), Table 8.1. Capacity
Factor: EIA, MER (April 2010), Table 8.1. Annual capacity factors are weighted averages of monthly
capacity factors.
277
Figure 9.3
Uranium Overview
Production and Trade, 1949-2008
Production and Trade, 2008
75
Purchased
Imports
50
Domestic
Concentrate
Production
25
Export
Sales
60
57
40
20
17
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Domestic
Concentrate Production
2000
Inventories, End of Year 1981-2008
Purchased Imports
Export Sales
Average Prices, 1981-2008

50
200
Dollars per Pound Uranium Oxide
Total
150
Electric Plants
100
50
Domestic Suppliers
0
1990
1995
2000
Note: See Uranium Oxide in Glossary.
278
Domestic
Purchases
30
20
Purchased
Imports
10
0
1985
40
2005
1985
1990
Source: Table 9.3.
1995
2000
2005
Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Domestic
Concentrate
Production 1
Purchased
Imports 2
Export 2
Sales
Loaded Into
U.S. Nuclear
Reactors 3
0.36
.92
5.56
35.28
20.88
25.81
24.55
25.80
26.47
23.06
23.20
25.49
29.88
36.97
37.47
43.70
38.47
26.87
21.16
14.88
11.31
13.51
12.99
13.13
13.84
8.89
7.95
5.65
3.06
3.35
6.04
6.32
5.64
4.71
4.61
3.96
2.64
2.34
5,E2.00
2.28
2.69
4.11
4.53
3.90
4.3
5.5
7.6
36.0
8.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.4
3.6
5.6
5.2
3.0
3.6
6.6
17.1
8.2
12.5
11.7
13.5
15.1
15.8
13.1
23.7
16.3
23.3
21.0
36.6
41.3
45.4
43.0
43.7
47.6
44.9
46.7
52.7
53.0
66.1
65.5
64.8
54.1
57.1
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4.2
.4
.2
1.2
3.0
1.0
1.2
4.0
6.8
6.2
5.8
4.4
6.2
3.3
2.2
5.3
1.6
1.0
3.3
2.1
2.0
3.5
2.8
3.0
17.7
9.8
11.5
17.0
15.1
8.5
13.6
11.7
15.4
13.2
13.2
20.5
18.7
14.8
17.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.6
27.1
24.2
22.5
21.7
18.9
20.8
17.6
18.4
20.5
26.8
23.4
15.5
22.7
22.3
23.7
19.4
21.6
21.4
24.3
27.5
22.7
21.7
28.2
27.3
27.9
18.5
20.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.6
43.0
45.1
40.4
51.1
46.2
48.2
38.2
58.8
51.5
52.7
57.2
62.3
50.1
58.3
51.7
45.5
P 51.3
See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.

Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy
Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were for
transactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers
(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small.
3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded.
5 Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. = Not applicable.
2
Inventories
Domestic Suppliers
Electric Plants
Average Price
Total
Purchased Imports
Domestic Purchases
Dollars 4 per Pound Uranium Oxide
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Electric Plant
Purchases From
Domestic Suppliers
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25.0
23.7
27.0
25.4
19.3
22.2
26.4
20.7
25.2
24.5
21.5
13.7
13.9
40.4
70.7
68.8
56.5
48.1
48.7
39.9
37.5
29.1
29.1
31.2
P 26.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
160.2
153.2
144.1
137.8
125.5
115.8
102.7
98.0
92.1
81.2
65.4
58.7
66.1
65.9
65.8
58.3
54.8
55.6
53.5
45.6
57.7
64.7
77.5
81.2
P 81.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
159.2
174.8
191.8
185.2
176.9
171.1
163.2
144.8
138.1
129.1
118.7
117.3
105.7
86.9
72.5
80.0
106.2
136.5
127.1
111.3
103.8
102.1
85.5
95.2
93.8
106.6
112.4
P 108.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.90
27.23
26.16
21.86
20.08
20.07
19.14
19.03
16.75
12.55
15.55
11.34
10.53
8.95
10.20
13.15
11.81
11.19
10.55
9.84
9.51
10.05
10.59
12.25
14.83
19.31
34.18
41.30
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.65
38.37
38.21
32.65
31.43
30.01
27.37
26.15
19.56
15.70
13.66
13.45
13.14
10.30
11.11
13.81
12.87
12.31
11.88
11.45
10.45
10.35
10.84
11.91
13.98
18.54
33.13
43.43
Notes: Data for 2009 were not available in time for this publication. For data updates, see
http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html. See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/nuclear.html.
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html.
Sources: 1949-1966U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office, Statistical Data of the
Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. 1967-2002U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. 2003 forwardEIA, "2008 Domestic
Uranium Production Report" (May 2009), Table 3; EIA, "2008 Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (May
2009), Tables 5, 18, 19, 21, and 22; and EIA, Form EIA-858, "Uranium Marketing Annual Survey.
279
Nuclear Energy
Note 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units. Much of Table 9.1 is
based on the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part
50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following the
passage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and procedural reforms initiated in
1989 by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.)
In 2009, the NRC issued one Early Site Permit (ESP) under 10 CFR Part 52 to
the Vogtle nuclear plant in Georgia. Simultaneously, NRC issued Vogtle a
Limited Work Authorization (LWA). As of December 31, 2009, no new ESP
applications have been submitted since August 2006.
As of December 31, 2009, the NRC has 13 Combined License (COL) applications under reviewfor Bell Bend (Pennsylvania), Bellefonte 3 and 4 (Alabama);
Calvert Cliffs 3 (Maryland); Comanche Peak (Texas); Fermi 3 (Michigan); Levy
County 1 and 2 (Florida); Turkey Point (Florida); Virgil C. Summer 2 and 3 (South
Carolina); and Vogtle 3 and 4 (Georgia); and William States Lee III units 1 and 2
(South Carolina). As of that date, the Turkey Point COL application (submitted
in June 2009) was the last such application received by the NRC. At the request
of the applicants, review has been suspended for Callaway 2 (Missouri), Nine
Mile Point 3 (New York), and River Bend 2 (Louisiana). The Victoria County 1
and 2 COL application was withdrawn following the announcement that the
applicant intends to apply instead for an ESP with the reactor choice unspecified.
In addition to the COL applications currently under review, Watts Bar 2 is
currently under construction. Watts Bar 2 was issued a construction permit in
1973, and the U.S. Energy Information Administration projects that the unit will be
brought on line in 2014. This is the only reactor that is anticipated to apply for the
license separate of construction permit. TVA has also requested that Bellefonte 1
and 2, two partially completed units, be moved to deferred plan status as the
Agency ponders either completing one or both.
As of December 31, 2009, 14 applications for license extensions were under
review by the NRC. The NRC granted the following 20-year license extensions in
2009: Oyster Creek, on April 8th; Vogtle 1 and 2 in June; Three Mile Island in
October; Beaver Valley (two units) on November 5th, and Susquehanna 1 and 2
also in November.
For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.
Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the U.S. Energy Information Administration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fully
describe the history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time frame
was extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories were
revised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquire
the data for the revised categories, it was necessary to develop a reactor unit
280
database employing different sources than those used previously for Table 9.1 and
still used for Table 9.2.
The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nuclear power units, which means
that the units contributed power to the commercial electricity grid. A total of 259
units ever ordered was identified. Although most orders were placed by electric utilities, several units are or were ordered, owned, and operated wholly or in part by the
Federal Government, including BONUS (Boiling Nuclear Superheater Power Station),
Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2, Hallam, Hanford N, Piqua, and
Shippingport.
A reactor is generally defined as operable in Table 9.1 while it possessed a fullpower license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its predecessor the
Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end of the
year. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude units retaining full-power
licenses during long, non-routine shutdowns. For example:
In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Authority units (Browns Ferry 1, 2, and
3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shut down under a regulatory forced outage.
Browns Ferry 1 was authorized by the NRC to restart in 2007, while the
other units restarted in 1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively. All five
units were counted as operable during the shutdowns.
Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976 for conversion to a lightwater breeder reactor, but is counted as operable until its retirement in 1982.
Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for replacement of pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as operable during those years.
Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three Mile Island 2. Shoreham was
granted a full-power license in April 1989, but was shut down two months later and
never restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession Only. Although not
operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated as operable during 1989 and
shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable and shut down in the same year
would introduce a statistical discrepancy in the tallies. A major accident closed
Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unit retained its full-power license
for several years, it is considered permanently shut down since that year.
Table 9.1 Sources: Operable Units: 1955-1982Compiled from various
sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Reactor
Programs, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units: Significant
Milestones." 1983 forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," and predecessor forms. All
Other Data: 1955-1997U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1973 Annual Report
to Congress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; Nuclear Energy Institute, Historical
Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development (1988); EIA, Commercial Nuclear
Power 1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear Reactors Built, Being Built, and
Planned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Information Digest
(1997 and 1998) and "Plant Status Report"; and various utility, Federal, and contractor officials. 1998 forwardNRC, Information Digest, annual reports.
10
Renewable Energy
Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2009
Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources, 1949-2009

10
Solar/PV 1%
Geothermal 5%
Quadrillion Btu
Waste1 6%
Wind 9%
Nuclear Electric
Power
Total
Hydroelectric
Power3
Biofuels 20%
9%
Wood
Wind
Coal
Biofuels2
21%
Natural Gas
25%
1950
8%
8%
Renewable
Energy
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Wood 24%
Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 2009

Petroleum
37%
Quadrillion Btu
2.7
Hydroelectric
Power
35%
1.9
1.5
1
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.1
0
Hydroelectric
Power3
1
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
2
Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products
from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
282
Wood

Biofuels
Wind
Waste
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Production 1
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
Consumption
Biofuels 2
Total 3
Total
Renewable
Energy 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
13
R34
R63
R77
R93
R107
R123
R124
R125
R111
R128
R145
R169
R188
R198
R141
R186
R202
R211
R233
R254
R308
R402
R487
R564
R720
R978
R1,387
1,562
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,432
1,503
1,529
1,540
1,499
1,713
1,838
2,038
2,152
2,476
R2,596
R2,663
R2,904
R2,971
R3,016
R2,932
R2,875
R3,016
R3,159
R2,735
R2,782
R2,932
R2,908
R3,028
R3,099
R3,155
R3,108
R2,929
R2,965
R3,006
R2,624
R2,705
R2,805
R2,998
R3,104
R3,226
R3,489
R3,867
3,900
2,974
2,978
2,784
2,929
3,398
4,076
4,268
4,398
4,433
4,769
4,723
4,768
4,249
5,039
5,166
5,485
R5,477
6,034
R6,561
R6,522
R6,185
R6,223
R5,739
R5,568
R6,391
R6,206
R6,237
R5,992
R6,261
R6,153
R6,701
R7,165
R7,177
R6,655
R6,678
R6,257
R5,312
R5,892
R6,139
R6,235
R6,393
R6,774
R6,706
R7,381
7,761
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal 6
Biomass
1,425
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
2,824
2,864
2,861
3,177
3,155
2,976
2,333
2,937
2,931
2,900
2,758
3,266
3,527
3,386
2,970
3,071
2,635
2,334
2,837
3,046
3,016
2,617
2,892
2,683
3,205
3,590
3,640
3,297
3,268
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,825
2,690
2,703
2,869
2,446
R2,511
2,682
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
317
336
346
349
364
338
294
316
325
328
331
317
311
328
331
341
343
343
349
R360
373
Solar/PV 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
55
60
63
64
66
69
70
71
70
70
69
66
65
64
64
65
66
72
81
R97
109
Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels.
Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuel
ethanol and biodiesel.
4 Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.
5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
6 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate),
and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy.
8 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
other biomass.
Wind 8
Wood 9
Waste 10
Biofuels 11
Total
Total
Renewable
Energy
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
R546
697
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,429
1,430
1,501
1,527
1,538
1,497
1,711
1,837
2,036
2,150
2,474
2,496
2,510
2,684
2,686
2,687
2,562
2,463
2,577
2,680
2,216
2,214
2,313
2,260
2,324
2,370
2,437
2,371
2,184
2,214
2,262
2,006
1,995
2,002
2,121
2,136
R2,109
R2,098
R2,044
1,891
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
88
119
157
208
236
263
289
315
354
408
440
473
479
515
531
577
551
542
540
511
364
402
401
389
403
R397
R413
R436
447
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
13
R34
R63
R77
R93
R107
R123
R124
R125
R111
R128
R145
R169
R188
R200
R143
R184
R201
R209
R236
R253
R303
R404
R500
R577
R771
R991
R1,372
1,545
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,432
1,503
1,529
1,540
1,499
1,713
1,838
2,038
2,152
2,476
R2,596
R2,663
R2,904
R2,971
R3,016
R2,932
R2,875
R3,016
R3,159
R2,735
R2,782
R2,932
R2,908
R3,028
R3,101
R3,157
R3,105
R2,928
R2,963
R3,008
R2,622
R2,701
R2,807
R3,010
R3,117
R3,277
R3,503
R3,852
3,883
2,974
2,978
2,784
2,929
3,398
4,076
4,268
4,398
4,433
4,769
4,723
4,768
4,249
5,039
5,166
5,485
R5,477
6,034
R6,561
R6,522
R6,185
R6,223
R5,739
R5,568
R6,391
R6,206
R6,238
R5,992
R6,261
R6,153
R6,703
R7,166
R7,175
R6,654
R6,677
R6,260
R5,311
R5,888
R6,141
R6,247
R6,406
R6,824
R6,719
R7,366
7,744

11 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products from the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Notes: Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors are estimates.
See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. See Section 8, Tables 8.2a-d and 8.3a-c, for
electricity net generation and useful thermal output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-c, 8.5a-d,
8.6a-c, and 8.7a-c for renewable energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output;
and Tables 8.11a-d for renewable energy electric net summer capacity. See Note, "Renewable Energy
Production and Consumption," at end of section. See Table E1 for estimated renewable energy
consumption for 1635-1945. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:
For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/renew.html.

For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. All Other Data: Tables 10.2a-c.
283
Figure 10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2009
Residential Sector
Commercial Sector, Major Sources

90
1.0
Wood
60
0.6
Wood
0.4
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
0.8
Waste 5
30
0.2
Geothermal4
Solar/PV and Geothermal4
0.0
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1990
Industrial Sector, Major Sources
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2006
2008
2.0
1,000
Wood
800
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1.5
1.0
0.5
Waste 5
Losses and
Co-products 6
0.0
400
200
Biomass 7
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1
Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of
2
3
Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation. Includes
small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
4
Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
284
600
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
5
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid
waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
6
From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
7
The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85), and
biofuels used as diesel fuel substitutes, additives or extenders.
Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.
Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.
Figure 10.2b
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector
End-Use Sectors, 1949-2009

2.5
Industrial
Quadrillion Btu
2.0
1.5
Residential
1.0
Transportation
0.5
Commercial
0.0
1950
1960
1970
End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2009
1980
1990
2000
End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector

Shares of Total Renewable Energy Consumption, 2009
5
4.1
Quadrillion Btu
End-Use
Sectors
47%
3
2.0
0.9
Electric Power
Sector
53%
0.6
0.1
0
Residential Commercial
Industrial Transportation
End-Use Sectors
Electric
Power
Sector
1
Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of
Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c.

285
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sector 1
Residential Sector
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Geothermal 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
Solar/PV 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53
56
58
60
62
64
65
65
65
65
64
61
60
59
58
59
61
67
75
R88
101
Wood 4
Total
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
920
580
610
640
550
520
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
430
390
430
R450
430
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
382
380
354
371
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
978
641
674
706
618
590
591
612
503
452
462
490
439
449
471
483
507
475
527
R565
563
Hydroelectric
Power 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Biomass
Geothermal 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17

Section 8.
2 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy
used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
6 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate) at
commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
other biomass.
286
Solar/PV 6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
Wood 4
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
29
32
76
66
68
72
76
72
72
76
73
64
67
71
67
69
71
70
70
65
69
R73
72
Waste 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22
28
26
32
33
35
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
R34
34
Fuel Ethanol 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
R2
2
Total
Total
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
99
94
95
105
109
106
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
102
102
R109
108
20
19
15
12
9
8
7
7
7
7
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
102
98
100
109
114
112
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
119
117
118
R125
125

8 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the commercial
sector.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV, hydroelectric power, and waste.
See Section 8, Tables 8.2a-d and 8.3a-c, for electricity net generation and useful thermal output from
renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-c, 8.5a-d, 8.6a-c, and 8.7a-c for renewable energy consumption for
electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-d for renewable energy electric net
summer capacity. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sector 1
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Hydroelectric
Power 2
76
69
38
39
33
34
34
34
35
33
32
33
33
32
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
R17
18
Geothermal 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
Wood 4
Waste 5
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,040
1,113
1,165
1,159
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,602
1,516
1,690
1,679
1,645
1,610
1,576
1,625
1,584
1,442
1,410
1,461
1,484
1,580
1,652
1,683
1,731
1,603
1,620
1,636
1,443
1,396
1,363
1,476
1,452
R1,472
R1,413
R1,344
1,217
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
87
118
155
204
230
256
282
308
200
192
185
179
181
199
195
224
184
180
171
145
129
146
142
132
148
R130
R144
R144
160
Fuel
Ethanol 6
Biomass
Losses and
Co-products 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
R4
6
7
10
10
R12
13

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
other biomass.
6 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the industrial
sector.
7 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include natural
gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol and biodieselthese
are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
16
29
R35
R42
R48
R55
R55
R56
R49
R56
R64
R74
R82
R86
R61
R80
R86
R90
R99
R108
R130
R169
R203
R230
R285
R377
R532
607
Total
Total
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,040
1,113
1,165
1,159
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,695
1,650
R1,874
R1,918
R1,918
R1,915
R1,914
R1,989
R1,841
R1,684
R1,652
R1,705
R1,741
R1,862
R1,934
R1,969
R1,996
R1,872
R1,882
R1,881
R1,681
R1,676
R1,679
R1,817
R1,837
R1,897
R1,944
R2,031
1,997
544
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,074
1,147
1,200
1,192
1,096
1,253
1,314
1,432
1,439
1,633
1,728
1,683
1,908
R1,951
R1,951
R1,948
R1,947
R2,022
R1,871
R1,717
R1,684
R1,737
R1,773
R1,927
R1,992
R2,033
R2,057
R1,929
R1,934
R1,928
R1,719
R1,720
R1,726
R1,853
R1,873
R1,930
R1,964
R2,053
2,019
Fuel
Ethanol 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
R18
34
R41
R50
R57
R66
R67
R68
R60
R70
R80
R94
R105
R113
R81
R102
R113
R118
R135
R141
R168
R228
R286
R328
R442
R557
R786
879
Biodiesel 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
2
3
12
33
46
R40
43
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
R18
34
R41
R50
R57
R66
R67
R68
R60
R70
R80
R94
R105
R113
R81
R102
R113
R118
R135
R142
R170
R230
R290
R339
R475
R603
R827
922
8 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and E85, consumed by the
transportation sector.
9 "Biodiesel" is any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute, additive, or extender.
See
"Biodiesel" in Glossary.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in 1949-1978 and 1989
forward. See Section 8, Tables 8.2a-d and 8.3a-c, for electricity net generation and useful thermal output
from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-c, 8.5a-d, 8.6a-c, and 8.7a-c for renewable energy
consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-d for renewable energy
electric net summer capacity. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages:

287
Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2009
5
Quadrillion Btu
Electric Power Sector Total
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1985
1990
800
800
700
700
600
600
500
Wind2
400
Geothermal
300
2000
500
400
320
300
253
200
Wood5
100
173
100
Solar/PV6
0
Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.
Wind electricity net generation.
3
Geothermal electricity net generation.
4
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid
2
288
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
2005
697
Waste4
200
1995
Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2009
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2009
1980
Wind
Geothermal
Waste4
Wood5
waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

5
6
Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation.
Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-use sectors.
Source: Table 10.2c.
Solar/PV6
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Trillion Btu)
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19897
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Hydroelectric
Power 1
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
2,790
2,829
2,827
3,143
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
2,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
R2,494
2,663
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
1
4
11
12
31
43
53
70
78
77
64
84
110
123
105
129
165
198
219
229
217
308
326
335
338
351
325
280
300
309
311
312
296
289
305
303
311
309
306
308
R314
320
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
R9
8
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
R546
697
Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate).
Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
plants heat rate).
4 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate).
other biomass.
2
3
Wood
6
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
100
129
126
140
150
152
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
R177
173
Waste 6
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
132
188
229
262
265
282
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
R258
253
6
5
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
2
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
4
9
14
12
15
17
232
317
354
402
415
434
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
R435
426
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,033
2,615
2,806
2,864
2,873
3,199
3,194
3,024
2,383
2,973
2,986
2,982
2,852
3,341
3,627
3,527
3,150
3,270
2,846
2,536
3,372
3,689
3,710
3,360
3,662
3,420
3,889
4,305
4,375
4,032
4,034
3,579
2,910
3,445
3,601
3,503
3,568
3,827
3,508
R3,798
4,113

the public. See Section 8, Tables 8.2a-d and 8.3a-c, for electricity net generation and useful thermal
output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-c, 8.5a-d, 8.6a-c, and 8.7a-c for renewable energy
consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-d for renewable energy
electric net summer capacity. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8.
Web Pages:

Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
289
Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Stocks,3 1992-2009
Overview, 2009
2,000
1,493
15
1,000
920
913
606
Million Barrels
Trillion Btu
1,500
20
10
500
0
Feedstock
Losses and
Co-products2
Production
16
Net
Imports4
Stock
Change
0
1992
Consumption
Consumption, 1981-2009
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Fuel Ethanol and Biodiesel Production, 2009

12
12
10.85 Billion Gallons

in 2009
10.8
Billion Gallons
Billion Gallons
10
8
6
4
2
0.5
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
1
Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel
ethanol.
2
Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.
290
2005
Fuel Ethanol
Includes denaturant.
Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports are not available.
Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.
Biodiesel
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2009

Trade 4
Year
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Feedstock 1
Losses
and Coproducts 2
Denaturant 3
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
13
6
16
29
R35
R42
R48
R55
R55
R56
R49
R56
R64
R74
R82
R86
R61
R80
R86
R90
R99
R108
R130
R169
R203
R230
R285
R376
R531
606
R34
R63
R77
R93
R107
R123
R124
R125
R111
R128
R145
R169
R188
R198
R141
R186
R202
R211
R233
R253
R307
R400
R484
R552
R688
R914
R1,300
1,493
40
107
198
243
294
339
390
396
401
356
413
469
550
614
647
464
613
669
698
773
841
1,019
1,335
1,621
1,859
2,326
3,105
4,433
5,507
Production 4
Exports
Net
Imports 5
Stocks 4,6
Stock
Change 4,7
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
244
279
387
313
85
66
87
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
R12,610
4,614
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,791
2,114
2,393
2,186
2,065
2,925
3,406
4,024
3,400
4,298
6,200
5,978
6,002
5,563
8,760
10,535
R14,226
16,711
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
323
279
-207
-121
860
481
618
-624
898
1,902
-222
24
-439
3,197
1,775
R3,691
92,492
1,978
5,369
9,890
12,150
14,693
16,954
19,497
19,780
20,062
17,802
20,627
23,453
27,405
30,689
32,919
23,612
29,899
33,038
34,350
39,367
41,445
49,360
67,286
84,576
96,634
130,505
163,945
R230,556
258,271
83
225
415
510
617
712
819
831
843
748
866
985
1,151
1,289
1,383
992
1,256
1,388
1,443
1,653
1,741
2,073
2,826
3,552
4,059
5,481
6,886
R9,683
10,847
7
19
35
43
52
60
69
70
71
63
73
R84
R98
109
117
84
R107
R118
122
R140
R148
R176
R240
R301
R344
R465
R584
R821
920
7
19
34
42
51
59
68
69
70
62
72
81
95
106
114
82
104
115
119
137
144
171
233
293
335
453
569
800
894
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
1,978
5,369
9,890
12,150
14,693
16,954
19,497
19,780
20,062
17,802
20,627
23,453
27,484
30,689
32,325
23,178
30,674
33,453
34,881
38,627
42,028
50,956
66,772
81,058
92,961
116,294
155,263
R221,637
256,149
83
225
415
510
617
712
819
831
843
748
866
985
1,154
1,289
1,358
973
1,288
1,405
1,465
1,622
1,765
2,140
2,804
3,404
3,904
4,884
6,521
R9,309
10,758
7
19
35
43
52
60
69
70
71
63
73
R84
R98
109
R115
R83
109
R119
R124
R138
R150
R182
R238
R289
R331
R414
R553
R790
913
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
244
279
387
313
85
66
87
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
R12,610
4,614
Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel ethanol.
Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,
and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanolthese are included in the industrial
sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
3 The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.
4 Includes denaturant.
6 Stocks are at end of year.
8 Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus denaturant are used to
develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables 10.1-10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.
9 Derived from the preliminary 2008 stocks value, not the final 2008 value shown in this table.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. = No data reported.
Notes: Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,
and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate heat content of fuel ethanolsee Table A3.
Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates. For 1993-2008, only data for
feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates. For 2009, only data for feedstock, and
losses and co-products, are estimates. See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol
Minus Denaturant" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_monthly/psm.html.
Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and
then multiplied by the fuel ethanol feedstock factorsee Table A3. Losses and Co-products: Calculated
as fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production. Denaturant: 1981-2008Data
in thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2 percent of fuel
ethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.641 million Btu per barrel (the
estimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant).
2
Consumption
Minus
Denaturant 8
Imports
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Consumption 4
2009U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports,
Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate
plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel
(the approximate heat content of pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production of
conventional motor gasoline at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are
converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values for pentanes plus and conventional
motor gasoline. Production: 1981-1992Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal fuel ethanol
consumptionsee sources for "Consumption." 1993-2004Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus
fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports. These data differ slightly from the original
production data from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were
not reconciled and updated to be consistent with the final balance. 2005-2008EIA, Form EIA-819,
"Monthly Oxygenate Report." 2009EIA, PSM, monthly reports. Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change:
1992-2008EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports. 2009EIA, PSM, monthly reports.
Consumption: 1981-1989EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and EIA,
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates. 1990-1992EIA, Estimates of
U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D2; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates. 1993-2004EIA,
PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16. Calculated as 10 percent of oxygenated finished motor gasoline
field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16). 2005-2008EIA, PSA, annual
reports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments (Table 1), plus
finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15).
2009EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs
minus fuel ethanol adjustments. Consumption Minus Denaturant: Calculated as fuel ethanol
consumption minus the amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel ethanol
consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel ethanol
consumption-to-production ratio.
291
Figure 10.4 Biodiesel Overview

Overview, 2009
75
69
68
50
Trillion Btu
43
34
25
10
3
0
Feedstock
Losses and
Co-Products2
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock
Change
Consumption
Consumption, 2001-2009
400
300
Million Gallons
339 Million Gallons

in 2009
200
100
0
2001
1
2
292
2002
2003
2004
Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.
2005
2006
Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.
2007
2008
2009
Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2009

Trade
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
Feedstock 1
Losses and
Co-products 2
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
1
1
2
4
12
32
63
88
69
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports 3
Stocks 4
Stock
Change 5
Balancing
Item 6
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
1
1
2
4
12
32
62
87
68
78
191
94
97
207
1,069
3,342
7,502
1,844
39
56
110
124
206
828
6,477
16,128
6,332
39
135
-16
-26
1
242
-3,135
-8,626
-4,489
Production
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
204
250
338
666
2,162
5,963
11,662
R16,145
12,657
9
10
14
28
91
250
490
R678
532
Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and
other non-biomass energy used in the production of biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
4 Stocks are at end of year.
6 Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data sources, "Balancing Item"
is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.
Notes: Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and
are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
biodieselsee Table A3). Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page: See http://www.census.gov/manufacturing/cir/historical_data/m311k/index.html for related
information.
Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million
Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factorsee Table A3). Losses and Co-products: Calculated as
biodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production. Production: 2001-2005U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived from
quarterly data. 2006U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
506
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
506
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
419
Consumption
Thousand
Barrels
243
385
322
640
2,163
6,204
8,528
R7,519
8,082
Million
Gallons
10
16
14
27
91
261
358
R316
339
Trillion
Btu
1
2
2
3
12
33
46
R40
43
Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). In
addition, the EIA, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow
grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). 2007U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils
consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). 2008EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, March 2009
(release date April 2010), Table 10. 2009The 2009 annual value is the sum of January-March 2009
values from EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, March 2009 (release date April 2010), Table 10; and
April-December 2009 values from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats
and Oils: Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters
(biodiesel). Trade: U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports data for Harmonized Tariff Schedule code
3824.90.40.20 (Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable/Mixture), and exports data for Schedule B code
3824.90.40.00 (Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture). Although these categories include products
other than biodiesel (such as those destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest
component. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good
estimates. Stocks and Stock Change: 2009EIA Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports,
Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. Balancing Item: 2009Calculated as biodiesel
consumption and biodiesel stock change minus biodiesel production and biodiesel net imports.
Consumption:
2001-2008Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.

2009Calculated as the sum of the monthly consumption data. Data for January and February 2009 are
from EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except fuel
ethanol. Data for March-December 2009 are calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports
minus biodiesel stock change.
293
Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption
Vehicles in Use, 1995-2008
Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2008

500
1,000
450
600
565
534
592
Thousand Vehicles
696
Thousand Vehicles
400
776
800
635
471
395
400
280 295
247 265
425
322
200
151
114
200
100
57
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
429
403
400
421
418
415
430
382
352
300
278
326
325
305
200
100
Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
200
315
Electricity
LNG
1997
1999
Hydrogen
148
100
62
50
26
5
(ss)
Electricity
Hydrogen
0
1995
2001
2003
2005
2007
Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as
alternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85fueling capability.
2
3
Compressed natural gas.
294
CNG
189
150
0
1
LPG
(s)
4
Fuel Consumption by Type, 2008
500
297
Ethanol
2007
Fuel Consumption, 1995-2008
Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
300
CNG
LPG
Ethanol
Liquefied natural gas.

(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.
(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.
Source: Table 10.5.
LNG
Table 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2008
Alternative and Replacement Fuels 1
Oxygenates 2
Liquefied Compressed Liquefied
Petroleum
Natural
Natural
Gases
Gas
Gas
Year
Methanol, Methanol,
Ethanol,
85 Percent
Neat
85 Percent
(M85) 3
(M100) 4
(E85) 3,5
Ethanol,
95 Percent
(E95) 3
Electricity 6
Hydrogen
Other
Fuels 7
Subtotal
Methyl Tertiary Ethanol in

Butyl Ether 8 Gasohol 9
Total
Biodiesel 10
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 11 (number)

1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
NA
NA
NA
172,806
175,585
175,679
177,183
178,610
181,994
185,053
187,680
190,369
182,864
173,795
164,846
158,254
151,049
23,191
32,714
41,227
50,218
60,144
68,571
78,782
91,267
100,750
111,851
120,839
114,406
118,532
117,699
116,131
114,391
113,973
90
299
484
603
663
813
1,172
1,681
2,090
2,576
2,708
2,640
2,717
2,748
2,798
2,781
3,101
4,850
10,263
15,484
18,319
20,265
21,040
19,648
18,964
10,426
7,827
5,873
0
0
0
0
0
0
404
414
415
386
172
172
200
198
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
172
441
605
1,527
4,536
9,130
12,788
24,604
87,570
100,303
120,951
179,090
211,800
246,363
297,099
364,384
450,327
38
27
33
136
361
347
14
14
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,607
1,690
2,224
2,860
3,280
4,453
5,243
6,964
11,830
17,847
33,047
47,485
49,536
51,398
53,526
55,730
56,901
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
43
119
159
223
313
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
NA
NA
NA
246,855
265,006
280,205
295,030
322,302
394,664
425,457
471,098
533,999
565,492
592,125
634,562
695,766
775,667
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,175,964
2,070,897
2,020,455
2,693,407
2,751,955
3,106,745
2,905,781
3,405,390
3,298,803
3,354,949
3,122,859
2,368,400
1,877,300
1,654,500
435,000
R0
0
719,408
779,958
868,113
934,615
677,537
852,514
912,858
975,255
1,114,313
1,173,323
1,450,721
1,919,572
2,414,167
2,756,663
3,729,168
4,694,304
6,442,781
Fuel Consumption 12 (thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)

1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
NA
NA
NA
233,178
239,648
238,845
241,881
210,247
213,012
216,319
223,600
224,697
211,883
188,171
173,130
152,360
147,784
17,159
22,035
24,643
35,865
47,861
66,495
73,859
81,211
88,478
106,584
123,081
133,222
158,903
166,878
172,011
178,565
189,358
598
1,944
2,398
2,821
3,320
3,798
5,463
5,959
7,423
9,122
9,593
13,503
20,888
22,409
23,474
24,594
25,554
1,121
1,671
2,455
2,122
1,862
1,630
1,271
1,126
614
461
354
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,672
3,321
3,347
2,255
364
364
471
469
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
49
82
195
712
1,314
1,772
4,019
12,388
15,007
18,250
26,376
31,581
38,074
44,041
54,091
62,464
87
82
144
1,021
2,770
1,166
61
64
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
359
288
430
663
773
1,010
1,202
1,524
3,058
4,066
7,274
5,141
5,269
5,219
5,104
5,037
5,050
See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary.

See "Oxygenates" in Glossary.
Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.
4 One hundred percent methanol.
5 Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarily
fleet-operated vechicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehicle
manufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2008, the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable of
operating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 7.1 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used as
traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids.
7 May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternative
fuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995.
8 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,
primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).
9 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.
10 "Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"
in Glossary.
11 "Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of each
2
3
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
25
41
66
117
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
NA
NA
NA
278,121
297,310
314,621
325,980
304,618
324,986
351,558
382,152
402,941
428,532
420,778
417,803
414,715
430,329
1,895,372
2,850,854
2,888,569
3,628,022
3,429,492
3,959,260
3,818,639
4,380,645
4,413,116
4,528,272
4,573,580
4,287,972
4,291,467
4,411,163
4,164,168
R4,694,304
6,442,781
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,828
10,627
16,824
14,082
R27,616
R93,281
R267,623
R367,764
324,329
NA
NA
NA
3,906,142
3,726,802
4,273,880
4,144,620
4,685,263
4,744,930
4,890,457
4,972,556
4,704,995
R4,747,615
R4,925,222
R4,849,594
R5,476,783
7,197,439
calendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration vehicles that are not ready for delivery to
end users. See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.
12 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common base unit of gasoline-equivalent gallons to
allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivalent gallons do not represent gasoline
displacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the gross heat content of the replacement fuel
by the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate heat content of 122,619 Btu per gallon) and
multiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelrenewable.html.
Sources: 1992-1994Science Applications International Corporation, "Alternative Transportation
Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final report prepared for the EIA, (McLean, VA, July
1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Data were
revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For a table of gross and net heat contents, see EIA,
Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels: An Overview (June 1994), Table 22. 1995-2002EIA,
"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003 Estimated Data" (February 2004), Tables 1 and 10,
and unpublished revisions. Data were revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. 2003
forwardEIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels," annual reports, Tables V1 and C1, and
unpublished revisions.
295
Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade
Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2008
Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2008
Price of Total Shipments, 1986-2008
24
12
12
Dollars per Square Foot
Million Square Feet
Million Square Feet
5
18
4
3
Imports
2
1
0
1980
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Exports
1985
1990
Number of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-1984

and 1986-2008
1995
2000
2005
1990
1995
2000
2005
Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 1974-1984 and 1986-2008

1,800
300
Medium-Temperature
Collectors2
Thousand Square Feet
1,500
Number
200
100
Low-Temperature
Collectors3
1,200
900
Low-Temperature
Collectors3
600
300
Medium-Temperature
Collectors2
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to
180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Special collectorsevacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectorsare included in the medium-temperature category.
2
296
1975
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

Notes: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports
that subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Data were not collected
for 1985.
Source: Table 10.6.
Table 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2008
(Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)
Low-Temperature Collectors 1
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
19856
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Number
of U.S.
Manufacturers
6
13
19
52
69
84
79
75
61
55
48
NA
22
12
8
10
12
16
16
13
16
14
14
13
12
13
11
10
13
12
9
10
11
13
11
Medium-Temperature Collectors 2
Quantity
Shipped
Shipments
per
Manufacturer
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
1,137
3,026
3,876
4,743
5,872
8,394
12,233
8,677
7,476
4,853
4,479
NA
3,751
3,157
3,326
4,283
3,645
5,585
6,187
6,025
6,823
6,813
6,821
7,524
7,292
8,152
7,948
10,919
11,126
10,877
13,608
15,224
15,546
13,323
14,015
190
233
204
91
85
100
155
116
123
88
93
NA
171
263
416
428
304
349
387
464
426
487
487
579
607
627
723
1,092
856
906
1,512
1,522
1,413
1,025
1,274
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.30
2.18
2.24
2.60
2.90
2.90
2.50
2.80
2.54
2.32
2.67
2.60
2.83
2.08
2.09
2.15
1.97
2.08
1.80
2.00
1.95
1.97
1.89
Number
of U.S.
Manufacturers
39
118
203
297
204
257
250
263
248
179
206
NA
87
50
45
36
41
41
34
33
31
26
19
21
19
20
16
17
17
17
17
17
35
51
62
Quantity
Shipped
137
717
1,925
5,569
4,988
5,856
7,165
11,456
11,145
11,975
11,939
NA
1,111
957
732
1,989
2,527
989
897
931
803
840
785
606
443
427
400
268
535
560
506
702
1,346
1,797
2,560
Shipments
per
Manufacturer
High-Temperature Collectors 3
Trade
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
Quantity
Shipped
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
Quantity
Shipped
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
Imports
Exports
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18.30
13.50
14.88
11.74
7.68
11.94
10.96
11.74
13.54
10.48
14.48
15.17
15.17
19.12
W
W
W
W
19.30
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
773
NA
4,498
3,155
4,116
5,209
5,237
1
2
12
2
13
10
7
21
4
5
2
2
7
R
115
3,852
33
388
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
17.76
15.74
31.94
75.66
22.12
177.00
53.26
18.75
25.00
53.21
286.49
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
11.96
1,274
3,743
5,801
10,312
10,860
14,251
19,398
21,133
18,621
16,828
17,191
NA
9,360
7,269
8,174
11,482
11,409
6,574
7,086
6,968
7,627
7,666
7,616
8,138
7,756
8,583
8,354
11,189
11,663
11,444
14,114
16,041
20,744
15,153
16,963
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.14
4.82
4.56
10.92
9.86
4.26
3.58
3.96
3.74
3.30
3.91
3.56
3.66
3.05
3.28
2.90
2.85
3.19
2.43
2.86
5.84
3.95
4.80
NA
NA
NA
NA
396
290
235
196
418
511
621
NA
473
691
814
1,233
1,562
1,543
1,650
2,039
1,815
2,037
1,930
2,102
2,206
2,352
2,201
3,502
3,068
2,986
3,723
4,546
4,244
3,891
5,517
NA
NA
NA
NA
840
855
1,115
771
455
159
348
NA
224
182
158
461
245
332
316
411
405
530
454
379
360
537
496
840
659
518
813
1,361
1,211
1,376
2,247
4
6
10
19
25
23
29
44
45
67
58
NA
13
19
16
55
62
24
26
28
26
32
41
29
23
21
25
16
31
33
30
41
38
35
41
1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below
110 F.
2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature
range of 140 F to 180 F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 F. Special collectors are
included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration
for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and
specialized industrial processes).
3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above
180 F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer, and the collectors are
used by the electric power sector to build new central station solar thermal power plants and generate
electricity. Year-to-year fluctations depend on how much new capacity is brought online.
4 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and
warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.
Total Shipments
No data are available for 1985.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. = No data reported. = Not applicable. W=Value withheld to avoid
disclosure of proprietary company data.
Notes: Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Manufacturers producing more than one
type of collector are accounted for in both groups.
Sources: 1974-1992U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Solar Collector Manufacturing
Activity, annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and
predecessor forms. 1993-2002EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, and Form EIA-63A,
"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and predecessor form. 2003 forwardEIA,
Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports), annual reports, and Form
EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
6
297
Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End-Use, and Type, 2008
End Use
Market Sector
16
Type of Collector
16
16
12
Million Square Feet
12
Million Square Feet
Million Square Feet
13.0
12.0
11.9
12
4
2.4
2.0
1.3
0.2
0
Pool
Water
Heating Heating
0.1
0.4
0.4
Residential
Space Combined Other

Heating Heating
0.4
Commercial
Industrial and
Electric Power
LowMediumHighTemperature3 Temperature4 Temperature5
End Use by Type of Collector
Million Square Feet
16
12
11.9
4
2.0
(s)
0
Pool
Heating
Space
Heating
0.2
(s)
Other
Water
Heating
Space
Heating
Low-Temperature Collectors3
Combined
Heating1
Medium-Temperature Collectors4
Combined space and water heating.

Process heating, space cooling, and electricity generation.
3
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
4
Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 180
degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
298
0.1
0.1
Pool
Heating
(s)
Other
0.3
7
Electricity
Generation
High-Temperature
Collectors5
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 180 degrees Fahrenheit.

Water heating and combined heating.
7
Space cooling, process heating, and electricity generation.
(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.
Source: Table 10.7.
Table 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2000-2008
(Thousand Square Feet)
By Market Sector
Year
and Type
Residential
Commercial 1
Industrial 2
By End Use
Electric
Power 3
Other 4
Pool
Heating
Water
Heating
Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Combined
Heating 5
Process
Heating
Electricity
Generation
Total
Total Shipments 6
2000 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
7,473
7,102
370
1
810
786
23
1
57
52
5
0
5
0
(s)
3
10
9
1
0
7,863
7,836
26
0
367
0
365
2
99
92
7
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
(s)
20
20
0
0
3
0
0
3
8,355
7,949
400
5
2001 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
10,125
9,885
240
0
1,012
987
24
1
17
12
5
0
1
0
0
1
35
34
1
0
10,797
10,782
16
0
274
42
232
0
70
61
9
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
12
0
34
34
0
0
2
0
0
2
11,189
10,919
268
2
2002 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
11,000
10,519
481
0
595
524
69
2
62
2
60
0
4
0
4
0
1
0
1
0
11,073
11,045
28
0
423
1
422
0
146
0
146
0
(s)
0
(s)
0
17
0
15
2
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
11,663
11,046
615
2
2003 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
10,506
9,993
513
0
864
813
44
7
71
71
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
10,800
10,778
22
0
511
0
511
0
76
65
11
0
(s)
0
(s)
0
23
0
16
7
34
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,444
10,877
560
7
2004 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
12,864
12,386
478
0
1,178
1,178
0
0
70
44
26
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
13,634
13,600
33
0
452
0
452
0
13
8
5
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,115
13,608
506
0
2005 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
14,681
14,045
636
0
1,160
1,099
58
2
31
30
1
0
114
0
0
114
56
50
6
0
15,041
15,022
20
0
640
12
628
0
228
190
38
0
2
0
0
2
16
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
114
0
0
114
16,041
15,224
702
115
2006 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
15,123
13,906
1,217
0
1,626
1,500
120
7
42
40
2
0
3,845
0
0
3,845
107
100
7
0
15,362
15,225
137
0
1,136
10
1,126
0
330
290
40
0
3
0
3
0
66
21
38
7
0
0
0
0
3,847
0
2
3,845
20,744
15,546
1,346
3,852
Domestic Shipments 6
2007 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
12,799
11,352
1,447
931
633
298
(s)
46
18
27
1
1
12,076
11,917
158
1,393
4
1,389
(s)
189
63
126
13
13
73
73
27
27
6
1
5
13,777
11,986
1,764
27
2008 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
13,000
10,983
2,017
1,294
918
376
128
33
95
294
6
289
11,973
11,880
93
1,978
8
1,971
186
10
176
18
18
148
2
141
5
50
21
29
361
12
349
14,716
11,900
2,432
383
1 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."
Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.
2 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in
2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."
3 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in
"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
4 Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excluding
space applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector.
5 Combined space and water heating.
6 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domestic
shipments only.
7 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below
110 F.
8 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature
range of 140 F to 180 F, but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 F. Special collectors are
included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration
for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and
specialized industrial processes).
9 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above
180 F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by the electric power sector to generate
electricity for the electric grid.
= No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet.
Sources: 2000-2002U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Renewable Energy Annual,
annual reports, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey." 2003
forwardEIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports), annual reports,
and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
299
Figure 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices
Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2008
Total Shipments, 1982-2008
70
1,200
66
60
Thousand Peak Kilowatts
50
46
Number
41
40
29
30
23
20 19 18
23
15
17 17
14
17
21
19
19
24 25
22
21 21
19
21
19 19 20 19
800
600
400
200
10
0
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Trade, 1983-2008
2004
2006
1985
2008
1990
1995
2000
2005
Prices, 1989-2008
700
600
6
Dollars per Peak Watt
2008:
987 thousand
peak kilowatts
1,000
500
400
300
200
100
5
4
Modules
3
Cells
2
1
Exports
Imports
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic and foreign customers.
300
1990
1992
1994
Source: Table 10.8.
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2008
U.S. Companies
Reporting
Shipments
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Shipments
Crystalline Silicon
Thin-Film Silicon
Number
19
18
23
15
17
17
14
17
519
23
21
19
22
24
25
21
21
19
21
19
19
20
19
29
41
46
66
Trade
Total
Peak Kilowatts
NA
NA
NA
5,461
5,806
5,613
7,364
10,747
12,492
14,205
14,457
20,146
24,785
29,740
33,996
44,314
47,186
73,461
85,155
84,651
104,123
97,940
159,138
172,965
233,518
310,330
665,795
NA
NA
NA
303
516
1,230
1,895
1,628
1,321
723
1,075
782
1,061
1,266
1,445
1,886
3,318
3,269
2,736
12,541
7,396
10,966
21,978
53,826
101,766
202,519
293,182
6,897
12,620
9,912
5,769
6,333
6,850
9,676
12,825
513,837
14,939
15,583
20,951
26,077
31,059
35,464
46,354
50,562
76,787
88,221
97,666
112,090
109,357
181,116
226,916
337,268
517,684
986,504
1 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and
warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.
2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,
thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications.
3 See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary.
5 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990.
Imports
Prices
Exports
Modules
Dollars
NA
NA
NA
285
678
921
1,453
826
1,398
2,059
1,602
1,767
1,960
1,337
1,864
1,853
1,931
4,784
8,821
10,204
7,297
9,731
47,703
90,981
173,977
238,018
586,558
NA
1,903
2,153
1,670
3,109
3,821
5,358
7,363
7,544
8,905
9,823
14,814
17,714
19,871
22,448
33,793
35,493
R55,585
68,382
61,356
66,778
60,693
102,770
92,451
130,757
237,209
462,252
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.14
5.69
6.12
6.11
5.24
4.46
4.56
4.09
4.16
3.94
3.62
3.46
3.42
3.74
3.17
2.99
3.19
3.50
3.37
3.49
Cells
4
per Peak Watt
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.08
3.84
4.08
3.21
5.23
2.97
2.53
2.80
2.78
3.15
2.32
2.40
2.46
2.12
1.86
1.92
2.17
2.03
2.22
1.94
Note:
Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.
Activity, annual reports.
1993-2002EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports.

2003 forwardEIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports),
annual reports.
301
Figure 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2008
By End Use
600
500
500.9
400
300
200
100
15.5
2.7
2.6
1.1
0.9
0.3
0.2
Remote Electric
Generation
Original
Equipment
Manufacturers
Communications
Water
Pumping
Transportation
Consumer
Goods
Health
0
Grid-Interactive
Electric Generation
By Market Sector
300
250
253.9
200
174.0
150
100
51.5
50
35.8
9.1
0
Commercial
1
2
302
Residential
Electricity for general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system.
Industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in Electric Power.
Industrial
Electric Power
Electric utilities and independent power producers.

Source: Table 10.9.
Transportation
Table 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2008
(Peak Kilowatts 1 )
By Market Sector
By End Use
Electricity Generation
Year
Residential
Commercial 3
Government
Industrial 4
Transportation
Electric
Power 5
Other 6
Commun- Consumer
Gridications
Goods
Interactive
Total Shipments
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1,439
1,701
3,624
4,154
5,237
6,632
6,272
8,475
10,993
15,936
19,817
24,814
33,262
29,315
23,389
53,928
75,040
95,815
3,850
6,086
3,345
2,386
4,115
5,429
8,100
5,176
8,111
8,460
17,283
13,692
15,710
20,578
32,604
74,509
89,459
180,852
1,077
1,002
815
1,063
1,325
2,114
2,000
3,126
3,909
2,808
3,107
4,417
5,728
8,565
5,538
3,257
28,683
7,688
3,993
2,817
3,947
4,279
5,352
6,855
7,198
8,300
11,748
13,232
24,972
28,808
28,063
32,218
27,951
30,493
22,199
28,618
1,130
974
1,555
1,673
2,564
2,174
2,383
3,995
3,574
3,440
4,341
5,502
8,486
12,932
11,089
1,380
1,621
2,458
785
826
1,275
1,553
1,503
2,364
3,759
4,753
5,651
3,965
5,876
6,298
5,846
7,640
8,474
3,233
143
3,981
551
432
377
477
856
510
1,347
1,639
2,367
2,720
1,392
4,690
571
841
313
14,316
9,772
17,857
2,590
4,340
3,538
3,717
3,846
5,570
5,154
6,041
7,383
8,280
12,147
12,269
14,743
17,290
14,185
11,348
8,666
6,888
2,788
2,484
3,312
2,566
946
3,239
1,025
1,063
347
1,198
2,292
2,870
4,059
3,400
2,995
6,444
5,787
4,030
Original
Equipment
Manufacturers 7
Transportation
Remote
Health
2,620
3,097
3,594
4,238
5,761
9,253
8,233
10,884
8,630
8,634
10,829
14,997
21,447
21,693
15,025
18,371
24,958
18,003
5
5
61
67
674
79
776
977
1,303
1,061
1,466
2,742
3,203
4,202
2,924
341
0
0
1,595
1,119
1,315
828
2,023
1,849
3,188
2,410
5,245
5,044
12,400
12,153
6,268
7,869
11,334
6,452
11,677
6,132
1,196
1,069
1,523
1,602
4,238
2,128
4,203
5,196
6,705
6,356
8,486
12,804
12,636
16,028
14,143
1,380
2,159
2,438
10,867
15,527
410
217
4,802
2,659
4,018
916
Water
Pumping
Other 8
Total
711
1,014
729
809
2,294
1,410
2,727
3,261
3,783
4,306
4,063
5,644
7,444
7,532
6,073
1,322
1,343
2,093
69
240
13
530
74
254
1,170
789
4,684
1,491
322
3,028
641
93
194
6,193
3,853
23,487
12,825
13,837
14,939
15,583
20,951
26,077
31,059
35,464
46,354
50,562
76,787
88,221
97,666
112,090
109,357
181,116
226,916
337,268
3,852
1,145
280,475
524,252
1,251
469
856
1,227
1,096
2,296
4,585
4,844
8,273
14,193
24,782
21,713
27,226
33,983
42,485
129,265
168,474
274,197
Domestic Shipments 9
2007
2008
1
68,417
173,989
10140,434
10253,852
( 10 )
( 10 )
32,702
51,493
3,627
9,100
35,294
35,819
2,836
2,622
See "Peak Killowatt" in Glossary.

Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity for
general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residential
site or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation, but only for the
specific use cited.
3 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in
"Government." Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.
4 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in
2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."
5 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in
"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
6 Through 2006, data are for shipments for specialty purposes such as research.
7 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic
2
589
312
253,101
500,854
technology into existing or newly developed product lines.

8 Through 2006, includes applications such as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.
9 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domestic
shipments only.
10 Beginning in 2007, the government sector is included in "Commercial."
= Not applicable.
Activity, annual reports.
1993-2002EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports.

2003 forwardEIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports),
annual reports.
303
Renewable Energy
Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Table 10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and
geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants
heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenic
sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)
consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and
losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Production is assumed to equal consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol
and biodiesel).
Table 10.2a Sources
Residential Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Residential Sector, Solar/PV: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates based on
Form EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey, and
Form EIA-63B, Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.
Residential Sector, Wood: 19491979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,
Residential Energy Consumption Survey; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on
Form EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data.
Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: EIA, Annual Energy Review (AER),
Tables 8.2d and A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Commercial Sector, Solar/PV: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Commercial Sector, Wood: 19491979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 19801983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. 1984: EIA, CNEAF, estimate. 19851988: Values interpolated. 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c;
and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-871, Commercial Buildings
Energy Consumption Survey.
Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c.
304
Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant): EIA, AER, Tables 5.11,
5.13a, and 10.3. Calculated as commercial sector motor gasoline consumption
(Table 5.13a) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and
then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).
Table 10.2b Sources
Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: 19491988: EIA, AER, Tables 8.1
and A6. 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Industrial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Industrial Sector, Wood: 19491979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 19801983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. 1984: EIA, Estimates of
U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. 1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987,
Table 2. 1988: Value interpolated. 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c; and
EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-846, Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste: 1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels
Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). 1982 and 1983: EIA, CNEAF, estimates for total waste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption
(see AER, Table 10.2c). 1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption
1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector waste
consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). 1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste
consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c).
1988: Value interpolated. 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c; and EIA,
CNEAF, estimates based on information presented in Government Advisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane
Outreach Program.
Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant): EIA, AER, Tables 5.11,
5.13b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table
5.13b) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and then
multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).
Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products: EIA, AER, Table 10.3.
Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant): EIA, AER, Tables
5.11, 5.13c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 5.13c) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11),
and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)consumption (Table 10.3).
Transportation Sector, Biodiesel: EIA, AER , Table 10.3.
11
Drilling rig, Gansu Province, Peoples Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source

Total and Crude Oil and NGPL, 1970-2007
By Source, 2007
500
180
133
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
150
Total
400
168
300
200
Crude Oil and NGPL
100
120
109
90
60
30
30
27
9
0
1970
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Crude Oil
and NGPL1
Coal
Natural
Gas
Hydroelectric
Power
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Geothermal
and Other2
180
Crude Oil and NGPL
Quadrillion Btu
135
Coal
90
Natural Gas
45
Renewable Energy3
0
1970
1
1975
1980
1985

Net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for United States also
include other renewable energy.
3
Net electricity generation from hydroelectric power, geothermal, wood, waste, solar, and
2
306
1990
1995
2000
wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy.
Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.
Source: Table 11.1.
2005
Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2007

(Quadrillion Btu)
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007P
1
Coal
Natural
Gas 1
Crude Oil 2
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
Nuclear Electric
Power 3
Hydroelectric
Power 3
Geothermal 3
and Other 4
Total
62.96
61.72
63.65
63.87
63.79
66.20
67.32
68.46
69.56
73.83
R71.17
R71.65
R74.20
74.33
R78.55
R82.25
R84.25
86.10
R88.16
R89.43
R90.88
R86.33
R85.79
R84.05
R85.98
R87.99
R88.49
R92.14
R90.76
R89.85
R89.10
R93.87
R97.58
R105.30
R116.60
R123.03
R127.60
132.73
37.09
39.80
42.08
44.44
45.35
45.67
47.62
48.85
50.26
53.93
R54.76
R55.57
55.49
R56.11
R61.76
R64.12
R65.33
R68.46
R71.85
R74.28
R76.14
R76.98
R77.21
78.59
79.35
80.42
R84.19
84.11
85.75
87.66
R90.96
R92.84
R95.87
R97.64
R100.14
R103.24
R106.65
108.98
97.09
102.70
108.52
117.88
117.82
113.08
122.92
127.75
128.51
133.87
128.04
120.11
114.45
113.98
116.88
115.37
120.18
121.08
125.84
127.83
129.35
128.73
128.93
128.72
130.69
133.43
136.73
140.63
143.24
140.95
R146.82
145.57
R143.52
R148.40
R155.35
R157.63
R157.02
156.00
3.61
3.85
4.09
4.23
4.22
4.12
4.24
4.40
4.55
4.87
5.10
5.37
5.35
5.36
5.73
5.83
6.15
6.35
6.65
6.69
6.87
7.12
7.17
7.47
8.10
8.40
8.59
8.79
9.02
9.26
9.63
10.10
10.28
10.74
11.10
11.47
11.68
11.89
0.90
1.23
1.66
2.15
2.86
3.85
4.52
5.41
6.42
6.69
7.58
8.53
9.51
10.72
12.99
15.30
16.25
17.64
19.23
19.74
20.36
21.18
21.28
22.01
22.41
23.26
24.11
23.88
24.32
25.09
25.65
26.39
26.67
26.37
27.32
27.54
27.76
27.10
12.15
12.74
13.31
13.52
14.84
15.03
15.08
15.56
16.80
17.69
17.90
18.26
18.71
19.69
20.19
R20.39
R20.81
R20.80
R21.40
R21.49
R22.31
R22.78
R22.63
R23.85
R24.10
R25.29
R25.74
R26.01
R26.00
R26.50
R26.73
R26.50
R26.46
R26.73
R27.84
R28.91
R29.74
29.64
1.59
1.61
1.68
1.73
1.76
1.74
1.97
2.11
2.32
2.48
R3.03
R3.13
R3.41
3.58
R3.64
R3.84
R3.89
3.84
R4.16
R4.53
R4.12
4.08
R4.41
R4.45
R4.67
4.71
R4.93
R5.04
R5.04
R5.27
R5.45
R5.31
R5.64
R6.09
R6.60
R7.35
R7.24
8.80
215.39
223.64
234.99
247.83
250.64
249.69
263.67
272.54
278.41
293.36
R287.58
282.61
281.13
R283.77
R299.73
R307.11
R316.85
R324.26
R337.28
R343.99
R350.02
R347.20
R347.43
R349.14
R355.30
R363.51
R372.78
R380.60
R384.13
R384.58
R394.35
R400.58
R406.01
R421.27
R444.94
R459.17
R467.67
475.15
Dry production.
3 Net generation, i.e., gross generation less plant use.
4 Includes net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also
include other renewable energy.
Notes: Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.2) or for
2
other countries (see http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). See Note 1, "World Primary

Energy Production," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/international.
Sources: 1970-1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Database.
1980 forwardEIA, International Energy Statistics, March 9, 2010.
307
Figure 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country

World and Top Producing Countries, 1998-2007
By Region, 1998-2007
500
150
World
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
300
200
North America
100
Eurasia1
75
Middle East
50
Europe2
Africa
Russia
100
Asia and Oceania2
125
400
United States
25
Central and SouthAmerica
China
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
0
1998
2007
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Top Producing Countries, 2007

80
71.5
70.8
Quadrillion Btu
60
54.0
40
23.8
19.4
20
13.1
13.0
11.9
10.9
9.9
9.9
8.3
8.0
Indonesia
Norway
Mexico
Brazil
Venezuela
0
United
States
China
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
Canada
India
1
Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (U.S.S.R.) in Glossary.
308
Iran
Australia
2
Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Union of Soviet Socialist
Source: Table 11.2.
Table 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1998-2007

(Quadrillion Btu)
Region and Country
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
North America .............................................

Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States ..............................................
99.78
17.43
9.31
73.04
98.64
17.68
9.06
71.91
98.95
18.12
9.34
71.49
99.45
18.02
9.54
71.89
100.10
18.35
10.81
70.94
Central and South America .......................

Brazil ...........................................................
Venezuela ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
R24.74
R26.00
R25.93
R6.35
R6.14
9.45
9.82
24.46
R5.87
8.54
10.04
9.37
10.27
9.23
8.16
7.32
R10.56
R10.40
R11.32
Europe 1 .......................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Norway .......................................................
Poland ........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
R50.51
R50.90
R50.68
R51.30
R51.08
R50.42
4.78
5.26
2.77
9.33
3.36
11.53
R13.49
4.92
5.31
2.56
9.53
3.50
11.89
R13.18
5.02
5.32
2.47
10.27
3.06
11.08
R13.45
5.14
5.28
2.63
10.28
R3.07
R11.15
R13.74
5.13
5.30
2.62
10.69
3.08
R11.00
R13.27
5.15
5.28
2.53
10.64
R3.06
10.55
R13.21
Eurasia 2 ......................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Other ...........................................................
R50.46
R52.86
R55.40
R57.10
R59.06
2.43
R40.39
3.03
R4.60
2.63
R42.05
3.08
R5.09
3.32
R43.00
3.07
R6.00
3.69
R43.93
3.08
6.41
3.98
R45.52
3.07
6.49
Middle East ..................................................

Iran .............................................................
Iraq .............................................................
Kuwait .........................................................
Saudi Arabia ...............................................
United Arab Emirates .................................
Other ...........................................................
54.88
9.90
4.71
5.02
21.42
6.61
7.24
53.80
10.00
R5.48
4.60
20.18
6.25
7.29
57.48
10.40
5.62
5.04
21.59
6.77
8.06
56.16
10.67
5.22
4.81
20.95
6.59
7.92
Africa ...........................................................
Algeria ........................................................
Libya ...........................................................
Nigeria ........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Other ...........................................................
26.27
5.75
3.26
4.90
5.52
6.83
26.58
6.03
3.07
4.89
5.43
7.15
27.79
6.29
3.30
5.18
5.58
7.44
Asia and Oceania 1 .....................................

Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Japan ..........................................................
Malaysia .....................................................
Other ...........................................................
R77.49
R77.35
8.67
R36.39
9.37
7.56
4.72
3.14
R7.64
8.86
R34.99
9.58
8.02
4.50
3.16
R8.24
World ..........................................................
R384.13
R384.58
R5.47
2005
98.65
18.30
10.08
70.26
R99.32
R98.83
R100.64
R18.66
R19.26
10.28
70.38
18.94
10.26
R69.63
R25.26
R25.69
R27.04
R28.24
R29.02
R6.70
R7.05
R7.14
R7.67
R8.00
8.06
8.23
R8.07
R11.84
R12.35
R12.95
R50.33
R48.66
R47.35
5.17
5.36
2.94
10.76
R3.04
R9.48
R13.58
5.10
5.24
R2.70
10.66
R2.97
R8.65
R13.34
R5.14
R10.12
R62.88
R66.07
R68.08
R69.86
4.41
R48.46
3.22
6.80
5.08
R50.92
3.22
6.86
5.48
R52.13
3.27
7.20
5.71
R53.13
3.33
R7.69
71.57
5.74
53.97
3.27
8.59
54.24
10.45
4.42
4.58
20.27
6.50
8.02
57.58
11.36
2.84
5.14
23.05
7.13
8.05
62.15
12.06
4.38
5.71
24.16
7.42
8.42
65.22
13.01
4.11
6.12
25.51
7.59
8.89
65.26
13.12
4.34
6.14
24.68
7.87
9.11
64.54
12.99
4.51
5.98
23.81
7.91
9.33
28.05
6.26
3.21
5.45
5.62
7.51
28.02
6.30
3.11
5.16
5.52
7.93
30.17
7.00
3.30
5.71
5.91
8.24
32.05
7.14
3.61
5.90
6.06
9.33
R34.62
R35.24
7.70
4.00
6.55
6.05
R10.32
R10.89
36.24
7.73
4.38
6.31
5.98
11.84
R78.06
R82.58
R88.26
R95.88
R107.98
R115.53
R120.29
9.68
R34.20
9.83
R7.73
4.54
R3.31
R8.76
10.26
R37.51
10.29
R7.60
4.50
R3.34
R9.09
R10.49
R10.34
R10.54
R11.08
R11.12
R42.85
R49.44
R59.38
R64.45
R66.74
R9.95
R10.51
R11.10
R11.76
R12.41
R7.86
R8.09
R8.24
R8.66
R9.82
4.20
R3.43
R9.49
3.77
R3.66
R10.07
R4.17
R4.24
R4.32
R3.77
R3.60
R3.58
R10.78
R11.73
R12.30
126.41
11.88
70.80
13.05
10.93
3.83
3.52
12.41
R394.35
R400.58
R406.01
R421.27
R444.94
R459.17
R467.67
475.15
1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
other countries (see http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). See Note 1, "World Primary
2006
2007 P
2004
10.35
R71.04
5.25
2.65
R2.90
7.87
R13.43
7.73
R4.24
6.37
R6.02
100.85
19.42
9.92
71.50
29.34
8.32
7.97
13.05
46.21
5.07
5.12
2.66
9.94
2.77
7.36
13.29
Energy Production," at end of section. World primary energy production includes production of crude oil
(including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net electricity
generation from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide,
and wave, and wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy. Totals may not
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics, March 9, 2010.
309
Figure 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1998-2007
U.S. Share of World, 2007
500
25
21.0
20
300
15
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
World
400
200
15.0
10
Russia
United States
100
4.6
China
0
1998
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Regional Consumption Shares, 2007
Population
175
3%
Production
Middle East
Quadrillion Btu
Eurasia
100
126
123
125
5%
10%
101
86
72
75
65
46
50
29
Europe
25
25
25
15
North
America
1
310
46
36
18%
25%
163
Consumption
150
Central and
South America
5%
34%
Energy
Consumption
Production and Consumption by Region, 2007

Africa
Asia
and
Oceania1
Energy
Production
North
Central
America
and South
America
Europe
Eurasia
Middle
East
Africa
Asia and
Oceania
2
Sources: Tables 11.2, 11.3, and D1.
Table 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1998-2007

(Quadrillion Btu)
Region and Country
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
118.26
12.95
6.32
98.98
.02
115.36
12.76
6.26
96.33
.02
R117.22
R118.17
R120.73
R121.72
R121.17
R13.10
R13.53
R14.24
R13.94
6.25
97.86
.02
6.42
98.21
.02
13.84
6.53
100.35
.02
R6.98
R7.33
R100.48
R99.88
.02
.02
R21.12
R21.09
R21.58
R22.41
North America .............................................

Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States ..............................................
Other ...........................................................
R113.54
R115.83
12.37
5.96
95.18
.02
12.96
6.04
96.82
.02

Argentina ....................................................
Brazil ...........................................................
Venezuela ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
R20.11
R20.81
R6.58
20.27
R2.60
R8.25
2.73
R6.68
Europe 1 .......................................................
Belgium .......................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Italy .............................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Poland ........................................................
Spain ..........................................................
Sweden .......................................................
Turkey .........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
R80.22
2.70
10.58
14.34
7.43
3.70
3.85
4.99
2.40
3.00
9.74
R17.49
Eurasia 2 ......................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Uzbekistan ..................................................
Other ...........................................................
5.85
1.84
5.11
5.76
1.86
5.19
5.75
1.94
5.45
5.64
2.03
5.55
5.82
2.08
R5.73
Middle East ..................................................

Iran .............................................................
Saudi Arabia ...............................................
Other ...........................................................
R16.29
R16.64
R17.34
R17.97
R19.00
4.58
4.54
R7.16
4.83
4.60
R7.20
5.01
4.85
R7.48
5.39
5.14
R7.45
5.89
5.38
R7.73
Africa ...........................................................
Egypt ..........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Other ...........................................................
11.30
1.85
4.35
5.10
11.62
1.92
4.46
R5.24
R12.04
R12.64
R2.01
4.59
5.44
2.23
4.66
5.74
Asia and Oceania 1 .....................................

Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Japan ..........................................................
Malaysia .....................................................
South Korea ................................................
Taiwan ........................................................
Thailand ......................................................
Other ...........................................................
R101.75
R104.47
R106.43
R109.82
World ..........................................................
2003
2004
2005
2006
R23.37
R24.29
2.67
2.61
2.48
2.67
2.78
2.95
R3.12
R8.53
R8.43
R8.55
R8.66
R8.99
R9.35
R9.68
2.77
6.85
3.03
7.05
2.93
7.13
R2.73
2.93
7.71
3.12
R3.17
R7.53
R7.95
R8.32
R80.29
R81.33
R82.56
R82.30
R83.98
R85.37
R85.82
R86.38
2.66
10.71
14.13
7.56
3.69
3.98
5.26
2.37
2.91
9.79
R17.25
2.73
10.85
14.26
7.63
3.79
3.62
5.62
2.27
3.16
9.72
R17.66
2.70
11.08
14.62
7.67
3.93
3.45
5.87
2.40
2.89
R9.88
R18.05
2.68
11.00
14.33
7.70
3.94
3.44
5.95
2.27
3.15
R9.75
R18.10
2.78
11.11
14.59
7.99
4.00
R3.57
6.26
2.17
3.32
9.86
R18.33
2.81
R11.30
R14.70
8.08
4.11
3.70
6.39
R2.31
3.51
R9.91
R18.55
2.78
R11.35
R14.40
8.14
R4.22
3.68
R6.50
2.33
R3.74
R9.94
R18.74
2.75
R11.37
R14.65
8.07
4.14
3.86
R6.56
R2.21
R4.07
R9.81
R18.89
R38.53
R39.59
R40.36
R40.45
R41.31
R43.10
R44.46
R45.30
R45.86
R25.72
R26.78
R27.22
R27.23
R27.68
R28.51
R29.37
R29.52
R30.30
6.28
2.10
6.26
2.22
R6.37
R5.92
R6.61
2.13
7.27
R2.19
R6.20
R19.79
R20.93
R22.80
R23.90
6.18
5.76
R7.85
6.39
6.21
R8.33
7.22
6.59
R8.98
R7.67
12.72
2.26
4.54
R5.92
13.36
R2.43
4.88
R6.05
R13.98
R14.53
R14.64
R2.58
R2.72
R2.56
5.21
6.18
5.12
6.69
R5.25
R116.46
R125.33
R140.52
R148.43
R155.79
2.58
R8.11
2.85
R7.45
R6.92
R9.32
R6.82
2007 P
122.91
13.75
7.59
101.55
.02
25.03
3.20
10.13
3.37
8.33
85.59
2.73
11.21
14.17
7.97
4.07
3.91
6.67
2.25
4.32
9.46
18.84
46.47
30.35
6.31
2.22
7.58
25.05
7.92
7.36
9.77
15.09
2.71
5.39
6.99
4.59
4.82
4.85
5.02
R5.12
R5.13
R5.28
R5.58
R5.66
R37.04
R36.51
R36.35
R38.41
R43.91
R51.16
R62.92
R68.25
R72.85
12.17
3.56
21.52
1.69
R6.90
R3.36
2.44
R8.48
12.99
3.91
21.97
1.74
R7.47
R3.53
2.50
R9.02
13.46
R3.92
22.43
R1.98
R7.84
R3.75
2.58
R9.26
13.94
R3.97
22.24
R2.09
8.10
R3.84
2.70
R9.50
R13.75
R14.20
R15.35
R16.32
R17.62
R4.18
R4.11
R4.19
R4.25
R4.46
22.15
2.18
R8.40
4.02
2.94
R9.81
22.15
R2.27
R8.65
R4.20
3.22
R10.24
R22.79
R22.80
R23.03
R2.32
R2.34
R2.46
8.91
R4.37
3.45
R10.94
9.23
R4.42
3.67
R11.57
R9.34
R12.09
163.46
6.12
77.81
19.09
4.89
22.47
2.41
9.65
4.75
3.87
12.40
R381.73
R388.69
R396.58
R399.91
R410.10
R425.31
R448.41
R461.96
R472.02
483.60
other countries (see http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). World primary energy
4.57
R3.72
consumption includes consumption of petroleum products (including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil
burned as fuel), dry natural gas, and coal (including net imports of coal coke); and the consumption of net
electricity generated from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, biomass and waste, geothermal,
solar, tide, and wave, and wind. It also includes, for the United States, the consumption of renewable
energy by the end-use sectors. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
311
Figure 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009
Crude Oil Reserves
Crude Oil Reserves by Country

300
800
267
746
250
Billion Barrels
Billion Barrels
600
400
200
178
150
136
115
100
104
99
98
208
200
60
123
America1
Central
Europe
36
34
14
0
North
44
50
117
99
Eurasia
and South
America
Middle
Africa
East
Asia and
Saudi
Oceania2
Arabia4
Natural Gas Reserves
Canada
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait 4
Venezuela
United
Russia
Libya
Nigeria
Arab
Emirates
Natural Gas Reserves by Country
3,000
2,000
2,592
1,680
2,500
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
1,500
1,994
2,000
1,500
1,000
992
1,000
892
500
500
494
316
267
430
259
245
214
184
171
159
112
United Nigeria
Vene-
Algeria
Iraq
Arab
Emirates
zuela
169
0
North
Central
America
and South
America
Europe
Eurasia
Middle
East
Africa
Asia and
Oceania2
Russia
Iran
Qatar
Saudi
United
Arabia4 States
4
Includes 172.7 billion barrels of bitumen in oil sands in Alberta, Canada.
Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone
between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
Source: Table 11.4.
312
Table 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009
Region and Country
North America .................................
Canada ...........................................
Mexico ............................................
United States ..................................
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Billion Barrels
Trillion Cubic Feet
207.7
10.5
19.1
315.7
57.9
13.2
244.7
Central and South America ...........

Argentina ........................................
Bolivia .............................................
Brazil ...............................................
Chile ...............................................
Colombia ........................................
Cuba ...............................................
Ecuador ..........................................
Peru ................................................
Trinidad and Tobago ......................
Venezuela .......................................
Other 2 ............................................
122.7
2.6
.5
12.6
.2
1.4
.1
4.7
.4
.7
99.4
.2
266.5
15.6
26.5
12.9
3.5
3.7
2.5
0.3
11.8
18.8
170.9
(s)
Europe 3 ...........................................
Austria ............................................
Croatia ............................................
Denmark .........................................
Germany .........................................
Hungary ..........................................
Italy .................................................
Netherlands ....................................
Norway ...........................................
Poland ............................................
Romania .........................................
Serbia .............................................
United Kingdom ..............................
Other 2 ............................................
13.7
.1
.1
1.1
.3
(s)
.4
.1
6.7
.1
.6
.1
3.4
.8
169.1
.6
1.1
2.2
6.2
.3
3.3
50.0
81.7
5.8
2.2
1.7
12.1
1.9
Eurasia 4 ..........................................
Azerbaijan .......................................
Kazakhstan .....................................
Russia ............................................
Turkmenistan ..................................
Ukraine ...........................................
Uzbekistan ......................................
Other 2 ............................................
98.9
7.0
30.0
60.0
.6
.4
.6
.3
1,993.8
30.0
85.0
1,680.0
94.0
39.0
65.0
.8
1178.1
Region and Country
Natural Gas
Billion Barrels
Trillion Cubic Feet
Middle East .....................................

Bahrain ..........................................
Iran ................................................
Iraq ................................................
Kuwait 5..........................................
Oman ............................................
Qatar .............................................
Saudi Arabia 5................................
Syria ............................................
United Arab Emirates ...................
Yemen ..........................................
Other 2...........................................
746.0
.1
136.2
115.0
104.0
5.5
15.2
266.7
2.5
97.8
3.0
(s)
2,591.7
3.3
991.6
111.9
63.4
30.0
891.9
258.5
8.5
214.4
16.9
1.3
Africa ..............................................
Algeria ...........................................
Angola ...........................................
Cameroon ......................................
Congo (Brazzaville) .......................
Egypt .............................................
Equatorial Guinea ..........................
Gabon ............................................
Libya ..............................................
Mozambique ..................................
Nigeria ...........................................
Sudan ............................................
Tunisia ...........................................
Other 2............................................
117.1
12.2
9.0
.2
1.6
3.7
1.1
2.0
43.7
.0
36.2
5.0
.4
1.9
494.1
159.0
9.5
4.8
3.2
58.5
1.3
1.0
54.4
4.5
184.2
3.0
2.3
8.4
Asia and Oceania 3.........................

Australia .........................................
Bangladesh ....................................
Brunei ............................................
Burma ............................................
China .............................................
India ...............................................
Indonesia .......................................
Japan .............................................
Malaysia ........................................
New Zealand .................................
Pakistan ........................................
Papua New Guinea .......................
Thailand .........................................
Vietnam .........................................
Other 2...........................................
34.0
1.5
(s)
1.1
.1
16.0
5.6
4.0
(s)
4.0
.1
.3
.1
.4
.6
.1
430.4
30.0
5.0
13.8
10.0
80.0
38.0
106.0
.7
83.0
1.2
31.3
8.0
11.2
6.8
5.5
1,340.0
6,261.3
World ............................................
1 Comprises 5.4 billion barrels of conventional crude oil and condensate and 172.7 billion barrels of
bitumen in Albertas oil sands.
2 Includes data for those countries not separately reported.
5 Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait
Crude Oil
and Saudi Arabia.

(s)=Less than 0.05.
Notes: All reserve figures are proved reserves, except as noted. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: United States: U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and
Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 2008 Annual Report. All Other Data: PennWell Corporation, Oil & Gas
Journal, Vol. 106.48 (December 22, 2008).
313
Figure 11.5 World Crude Oil Production

World and OPEC, 1960-2009
OPECs Share of World, 1960-2009
Top Producing Countries, 1960-2009

14
75
80
42% in
2009
50
40
25
OPEC
20
World
60
Former U.S.S.R.
12
Percent
Peak: 53%
in 1973
10
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
8
6
Russia
4
Iran
2
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
0
1960
2000
1970
1980
1990
0
1960
2000
1970
1980
1990
2000

10
9.5
8.3
5.3
4.0
3.8
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.3
0
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
United
States
Iran
China
314
Mexico
Canada
United
Arab
Emirates
Iraq
Kuwait
Source: Table 11.5.
Venezuela
Nigeria
Norway
United
Kingdom
Table 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2009

Selected OPEC 1 Producers
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Persian
Gulf
Nations 2
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait 3
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
5.27
5.65
6.19
6.82
7.61
8.37
9.32
9.91
10.91
11.95
13.39
15.77
17.54
20.67
21.28
18.93
21.51
21.73
20.61
21.07
17.96
15.25
12.16
11.08
10.78
9.63
11.70
12.10
13.46
14.84
15.28
14.74
15.97
16.71
16.96
17.21
17.37
18.10
19.34
18.67
19.89
19.10
17.79
19.06
20.79
21.50
21.23
20.67
R21.91
20.40
1.07
1.20
1.33
1.49
1.71
1.91
2.13
2.60
2.84
3.38
3.83
4.54
5.02
5.86
6.02
5.35
5.88
5.66
5.24
3.17
1.66
1.38
2.21
2.44
2.17
2.25
2.04
2.30
2.24
2.81
3.09
3.31
3.43
3.54
3.62
3.64
3.69
3.66
3.63
3.56
3.70
3.72
3.44
3.74
4.00
4.14
4.03
3.91
R4.05
4.04
0.97
1.01
1.01
1.16
1.26
1.32
1.39
1.23
1.50
1.52
1.55
1.69
1.47
2.02
1.97
2.26
2.42
2.35
2.56
3.48
2.51
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.21
1.43
1.69
2.08
2.69
2.90
2.04
.31
.43
.51
.55
.56
.58
1.16
2.15
2.51
2.57
2.39
2.02
1.31
2.01
1.88
2.00
2.09
R2.38
2.39
1.69
1.74
1.96
2.10
2.30
2.36
2.48
2.50
2.61
2.77
2.99
3.20
3.28
3.02
2.55
2.08
2.15
1.97
2.13
2.50
1.66
1.13
.82
1.06
1.16
1.02
1.42
1.59
1.49
1.78
1.18
.19
1.06
1.85
2.03
2.06
2.06
2.01
2.09
1.90
2.08
2.00
1.89
2.14
2.38
2.53
2.54
2.46
2.59
2.35
0.02
.05
.07
.08
.12
.27
.42
.32
.14
.54
1.08
1.53
1.82
2.05
2.26
1.78
2.07
2.09
1.90
2.30
2.06
1.43
1.30
1.24
1.39
1.50
1.47
1.34
1.45
1.72
1.81
1.89
1.94
1.96
1.93
1.99
2.00
2.13
2.15
2.13
2.17
2.26
2.12
2.28
2.33
2.63
2.44
2.35
2.17
2.21
1.31
1.48
1.64
1.79
1.90
2.21
2.60
2.81
3.04
3.22
3.80
4.77
6.02
7.60
8.48
7.08
8.58
9.25
8.30
9.53
9.90
9.82
6.48
5.09
4.66
3.39
4.87
4.27
5.09
5.06
6.41
8.12
8.33
8.20
8.12
8.23
8.22
8.36
8.39
7.83
8.40
8.03
7.63
8.78
9.10
9.55
9.15
8.72
9.26
8.25
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers
United
Arab
Emirates Venezuela
0.00
.00
.01
.05
.19
.28
.36
.38
.50
.63
.78
1.06
1.20
1.53
1.68
1.66
1.94
2.00
1.83
1.83
1.71
1.47
1.25
1.15
1.15
1.19
1.33
1.54
1.57
1.86
2.12
2.39
2.27
2.16
2.19
2.23
2.28
2.32
2.35
2.17
2.37
2.21
2.08
2.35
2.48
2.54
2.64
2.60
2.68
2.41
2.85
2.92
3.20
3.25
3.39
3.47
3.37
3.54
3.60
3.59
3.71
3.55
3.22
3.37
2.98
2.35
2.29
2.24
2.17
2.36
2.17
2.10
1.90
1.80
1.80
1.68
1.79
1.75
1.90
1.91
2.14
2.38
2.37
2.45
2.59
2.75
2.94
3.28
3.17
2.83
3.16
3.01
2.60
2.34
2.56
2.56
2.51
2.43
2.39
2.24
Total
OPEC 4
Canada
China
8.27
8.93
10.05
11.07
12.52
13.86
15.29
16.29
18.11
20.11
22.56
24.41
26.03
29.66
29.32
25.79
29.12
29.58
28.16
29.35
25.38
21.22
17.77
16.57
16.50
15.37
17.46
17.71
19.74
21.40
22.49
22.48
23.74
24.46
24.90
25.54
26.02
27.29
28.37
27.22
28.98
28.16
26.39
27.98
30.41
31.87
31.59
31.21
R32.48
30.65
0.52
.61
.67
.71
.75
.81
.88
.96
1.19
1.13
1.26
1.35
1.53
1.80
1.55
1.43
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.50
1.44
1.29
1.27
1.36
1.44
1.47
1.47
1.54
1.62
1.56
1.55
1.55
1.61
1.68
1.75
1.81
1.84
1.92
1.98
1.91
1.98
2.03
2.17
2.31
2.40
2.37
2.53
R2.63
R2.60
2.56
0.10
.11
.12
.13
.18
.23
.29
.28
.30
.48
.60
.78
.90
1.09
1.32
1.49
1.67
1.87
2.08
2.12
2.11
2.01
2.05
2.12
2.30
2.51
2.62
2.69
2.73
2.76
2.77
2.84
2.85
2.89
2.94
2.99
3.13
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.39
3.41
3.49
3.61
3.67
3.73
3.79
3.80
1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries
are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,
2009.
3 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and
Saudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels per day.
Notes: Data are for crude oil, including extra heavy crude oil, lease condensate, and liquids processed
from Canadian oil sands; they exclude natural gas plant liquids. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: Selected OPEC Producers: 1960-1972OPEC, Annual Statistical Bulletin 1979.
Former
Mexico Norway U.S.S.R.
0.27
.29
.31
.31
.32
.32
.33
.36
.39
.46
.49
.49
.51
.47
.57
.71
.83
.98
1.21
1.46
1.94
2.31
2.75
2.69
2.78
2.75
2.44
2.55
2.51
2.52
2.55
2.68
2.67
2.67
2.69
2.62
2.86
3.02
3.07
2.91
3.01
3.13
3.18
3.37
3.38
3.33
3.26
3.08
2.79
2.60
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.01
.03
.03
.04
.19
.28
.28
.36
.40
.49
.47
.49
.61
.71
.77
.84
.98
1.11
1.48
1.63
1.87
2.13
2.28
2.57
2.77
3.09
3.14
3.01
3.02
3.22
3.23
3.13
3.04
2.95
2.70
2.49
2.27
2.18
2.07
2.91
3.28
3.67
4.07
4.60
4.79
5.23
5.68
6.08
6.48
6.99
7.48
7.89
8.32
8.91
9.52
10.06
10.60
11.11
11.38
11.71
11.85
11.91
11.97
11.86
11.59
11.90
12.05
12.05
11.72
10.98
9.99
Russia
United
Kingdom
United
States
Total
Non-OPEC 4
World
7.63
6.73
6.14
6.00
5.85
5.92
5.85
6.08
6.48
6.92
7.41
8.13
8.80
9.04
9.25
9.44
9.36
9.50
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.01
.25
.77
1.08
1.57
1.62
1.81
2.07
2.29
2.48
2.53
2.54
2.41
2.23
1.80
1.82
1.80
1.83
1.92
2.37
2.49
2.57
2.52
2.62
2.68
2.28
2.28
2.29
2.09
1.85
1.65
1.49
1.50
1.39
1.33
7.04
7.18
7.33
7.54
7.61
7.80
8.30
8.81
9.10
9.24
9.64
9.46
9.44
9.21
8.77
8.37
8.13
8.24
8.71
8.55
8.60
8.57
8.65
8.69
8.88
8.97
8.68
8.35
8.14
7.61
7.36
7.42
7.17
6.85
6.66
6.56
6.46
6.45
6.25
5.88
5.82
5.80
5.75
5.68
5.42
5.18
5.10
5.06
R4.95
5.31
12.72
13.52
14.30
15.06
15.66
16.47
17.67
19.11
20.53
21.59
23.32
24.10
25.11
26.02
26.39
27.04
28.23
30.12
32.00
33.32
34.17
34.83
35.68
36.69
38.00
38.60
38.74
38.92
38.96
38.40
38.00
37.71
36.37
35.71
36.20
36.85
37.73
38.45
38.60
38.70
39.52
39.94
40.77
41.45
R42.07
R41.85
R41.84
R41.78
R41.21
41.61
20.99
22.45
24.35
26.13
28.18
30.33
32.96
35.39
38.63
41.70
45.89
48.52
51.14
55.68
55.72
52.83
57.34
59.71
60.16
62.67
59.56
56.05
53.45
53.26
54.50
53.97
56.20
56.63
58.69
59.79
60.49
60.19
60.12
60.17
61.10
62.38
63.75
65.74
66.97
65.92
68.49
68.10
67.16
69.43
R72.48
R73.72
R73.44
R72.99
R73.69
72.26
1973-1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual (IEA), annual
reports, and the International Energy Database. 1980-2008EIA, International Energy Statistics, April 7,
2010.
2009EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER) (April 2010), Table 11.1a.

China:
1960-1972Central Intelligence Agency, unpublished data. 1973-1979EIA, IEA, annual reports,
and the International Energy Database. 1980-2008EIA, International Energy Statistics, April 7, 2010.
2009EIA, MER (April 2010), Table 11.1b. Former U.S.S.R.: 1960-1969U.S.S.R. Central
Statistical Office, Narodnoye Khozyaystvo SSSR (National Economy USSR). 1970-1979EIA,
International Petroleum Monthly, February 2001, Table 4.1c. 1980-1991EIA, International Energy
Statistics, April 7, 2010. Russia: 1992-2008EIA, International Energy Statistics, April 7, 2010.
2009EIA, MER (April 2010), Table 11.1b. United States: Table 5.1. All Other Data:
1960-1969Bureau of Mines, International Petroleum Annual, 1969. 1970-1972EIA, International
Petroleum Annual, 1978. 1973-1979EIA, IEA, annual reports, and the International Energy Database.
1980-2008EIA, International Energy Statistics, April 7, 2010. 2009EIA, MER (April 2010), Tables
11.1a and 11.1b.
315
Figure 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Crude Oil and NGPL1 Production, 1973-2009
World and OPEC NGPL1 Production, 1973-2009

9
80
Crude Oil
60
40
11% of
Crude Oil
in 2009
20
6
World
39% of World
Total in 2009
3
OPEC
NGPL
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Top NGPL1 Producing Countries, 2009
2,000
1,886
1,500
1,427
1,000
635
500
423
373
370
345
276
263
215
147
140
Kuwait
Libya
0
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
Canada
Russia
United Arab
Emirates
Mexico

Notes: Crude oil includes lease condensate.
Exporting Countries.
316
Algeria
Norway

OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum
Qatar
Venezuela
Table 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2009

Selected OPEC 1 Producers
Year
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Algeria
9
12
20
24
19
25
30
36
49
58
56
105
120
120
140
120
130
130
140
140
145
140
145
150
160
155
190
230
250
270
280
292
295
310
342
357
345
Iran
40
45
45
45
40
45
10
9
9
9
8
10
10
15
20
20
27
35
50
50
55
55
60
60
70
75
75
75
80
86
95
105
102
123
124
126
136
Kuwait
60
50
50
50
55
75
95
95
60
40
55
67
54
75
95
100
105
65
0
34
53
85
95
85
109
115
115
115
120
125
124
130
130
130
139
143
147
Libya
Qatar
35
20
30
40
40
40
40
40
35
40
30
37
26
30
30
30
35
35
40
40
41
41
40
49
60
60
60
60
62
65
65
68
89
129
144
140
140
(s)
5
10
10
5
5
10
10
24
30
25
28
30
22
24
30
24
40
50
55
55
50
55
50
70
85
111
133
150
160
201
250
265
280
250
256
263
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers
United
Saudi
Arab
2
Arabia
Emirates
90
130
140
185
215
250
303
369
433
430
330
355
375
385
418
499
503
620
680
713
704
951
961
968
982
1,020
1,010
1,008
1,051
1,095
1,220
1,310
1,460
1,427
1,440
1,434
1,427
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
15
30
30
35
60
90
120
130
160
185
145
130
130
135
146
144
146
150
160
160
160
170
160
200
290
300
310
279
300
300
336
356
373
Venezuela
89
84
76
77
78
61
69
60
55
60
57
57
63
97
94
98
108
114
117
113
143
146
149
150
143
145
170
175
200
202
163
180
206
215
217
228
215
Total
OPEC 3
324
347
372
432
472
538
599
664
732
764
688
796
850
941
978
1,049
1,118
1,206
1,225
1,292
1,361
1,641
1,693
1,696
1,777
1,844
1,910
2,014
2,225
2,326
2,473
2,634
2,874
2,955
3,031
3,088
3,102
Australia
50
50
50
50
55
60
60
60
60
52
52
54
65
60
65
67
65
63
61
56
55
56
52
62
71
70
72
70
74
80
79
83
92
88
84
R74
78
1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries
are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,
2010.
2 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
3 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and
Saudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
Former
Canada Malaysia Mexico Norway U.S.S.R.
314
314
309
289
290
281
331
331
330
318
309
336
337
328
367
381
410
426
431
460
506
529
581
596
636
651
653
699
709
698
724
658
645
685
728
R676
635
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
9
11
11
11
12
12
13
17
17
20
20
50
90
85
65
70
75
80
80
94
90
88
91
86
75
80
80
95
105
115
150
193
241
255
265
257
271
352
338
370
384
428
457
454
459
461
447
423
388
424
439
438
433
408
418
442
426
427
396
365
370
(s)
(s)
5
20
20
35
40
42
37
39
46
45
51
66
71
83
84
86
84
85
95
123
137
141
139
127
120
124
188
203
222
234
271
286
285
275
276
170
190
205
220
235
255
270
285
300
315
330
340
350
440
430
450
425
425
420
United
Russia Kingdom
230
220
200
180
185
195
220
231
232
237
246
390
456
457
417
426
422
423
5
5
15
15
30
40
45
45
50
78
111
136
145
152
162
159
140
108
141
160
169
218
267
259
233
241
238
233
258
211
241
172
157
142
R130
R137
119
United
States
Total
NonOPEC 3
World
1,738
1,688
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
R1,784
1,886
2,461
2,443
2,419
2,435
2,511
2,542
2,688
2,782
2,899
2,868
2,955
3,082
3,098
3,222
3,317
3,440
3,395
3,434
3,593
3,555
3,696
R3,823
R3,963
R4,080
R4,139
R4,220
R4,334
R4,448
R4,538
R4,546
R4,661
R4,748
R4,755
R4,817
R4,890
R4,798
4,880
2,786
2,790
2,791
2,867
2,984
3,080
3,287
3,446
3,631
3,632
3,643
3,878
3,948
4,163
4,295
4,489
4,513
4,640
4,818
4,848
5,057
R5,464
R5,656
R5,776
R5,916
R6,064
R6,244
R6,462
R6,763
R6,872
R7,134
R7,382
R7,630
R7,773
R7,921
R7,887
7,982
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Sources: 1973-1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual,
annual reports, and the International Energy Database. 1980 forwardEIA, International Energy
Statistics, April 7, 2010.
317
Figure 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type

Selected Types, 1970-2010
120
Dollars per Barrel
100
80
60
Nigerian Bonny
Light
Indonesian
Minas
40
20
Saudi Arabian
Light
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Selected Types, 2010

100
79.97
77.69
77.27
76.73
Dollars per Barrel
75
76.11
75.21
74.94
70.80
50
25
0
Indonesian Minas
34 API
1
Nigerian Bonny
Light
37 API
United Kingdom
Brent Blend
38 API
Libyan Es Sider
37 API
Note: Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices
318
Venezuelan
Tia Juana Light
Saudi Arabian Light

34 API
Iranian Light
34 API
Mexico Maya
22 API
are as of the first Friday in February. See API and API Gravity in Glossary.
Source: Table 11.7.
Table 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2010

(Dollars 1 per Barrel)
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
Saudi Arabian
Light-34 API
Iranian
Light-34 API
Libyan 2
Es Sider-37 API
Nigerian 3
Bonny Light-37 API
Indonesian
Minas-34 API
Venezuelan
Tia Juana Light 4
Mexico
Maya-22 API
United Kingdom
Brent Blend-38 API
1.35
1.75
1.90
2.10
9.60
10.46
11.51
12.09
12.70
13.34
26.00
32.00
34.00
34.00
29.00
29.00
28.00
16.15
17.52
13.15
18.40
24.00
15.90
16.80
12.40
16.63
18.20
22.98
15.50
10.03
24.78
20.30
17.68
27.39
27.08
31.86
50.86
55.94
93.02
35.21
75.21
1.36
1.76
1.91
2.11
10.63
10.67
11.62
12.81
12.81
13.45
530.37
37.00
34.20
31.20
28.00
28.00
28.05
16.14
15.55
12.75
18.20
23.65
15.50
16.70
12.40
16.18
17.73
22.63
14.93
9.83
24.63
20.20
18.90
27.85
28.67
33.84
52.56
56.28
94.96
35.31
74.94
2.09
2.80
2.80
3.10
14.30
11.98
12.21
13.74
13.80
14.52
34.50
40.78
36.50
35.10
30.15
30.15
30.15
16.95
18.52
15.40
20.40
26.90
17.20
17.55
12.55
16.05
19.20
24.10
16.72
10.65
25.85
22.40
19.63
30.40
29.47
38.00
55.89
59.22
96.79
36.66
76.73
2.10
2.65
2.80
3.10
12.60
11.80
12.84
14.33
14.33
14.80
29.97
40.00
36.50
35.50
30.00
28.00
28.65
17.13
18.92
15.05
21.20
27.80
18.20
18.50
13.50
16.15
19.70
24.65
16.50
10.60
25.55
22.00
19.88
31.16
29.97
38.21
56.97
63.28
98.52
39.85
77.69
1.67
2.18
2.96
2.96
10.80
12.60
12.80
13.55
13.55
13.90
27.50
35.00
35.00
34.53
29.53
29.53
28.53
16.28
17.56
15.50
18.55
26.50
18.65
19.10
14.15
16.95
20.05
24.95
16.50
9.95
24.15
22.80
18.89
35.03
32.10
35.86
53.95
63.87
98.34
36.63
79.97
2.05
2.45
2.45
2.60
9.30
11.00
11.12
12.72
12.82
13.36
25.20
32.88
32.88
32.88
27.88
27.88
28.05
15.10
17.62
12.27
24.69
28.62
19.67
17.97
12.97
16.57
18.52
26.62
15.93
9.45
24.85
22.13
17.78
30.25
30.10
35.98
52.52
55.57
93.85
35.42
76.11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
15.45
28.00
34.50
26.50
25.50
25.00
25.50
21.93
14.00
11.10
10.63
17.05
20.00
10.75
12.50
9.01
13.77
15.79
19.33
10.81
6.38
20.20
15.82
14.30
26.29
24.37
26.16
42.93
46.98
82.78
29.53
70.80
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
15.70
26.02
39.25
36.60
33.50
30.00
28.65
26.00
18.25
18.00
15.80
21.00
27.20
17.75
17.90
13.15
16.15
19.37
24.05
15.89
10.44
25.10
22.50
21.20
31.36
29.73
39.43
57.25
60.50
98.42
34.33
77.27
For 1974 and 1975, prices are for crude oil with 40 API. For 1980, prices include $4.72 in retroactive
charges and market premiums.
3 Beginning in 1977, prices include 2 cents per barrel harbor dues.
4 For 1970-1985, prices are for crude oil with 26 API. Beginning in 1986, prices are for crude oil with
31 API.
5 For 1980, price includes $1.87 market premiums and credit charges.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices are as of
2
the first Friday in February. Prices are based on official government-selling prices, netback values, or
spot market quotations. Prices are usually free on board (f.o.b.) at the foreign port of lading. See
Tables 5.18, 5.19, and 5.21 for other types of crude oil prices for the United States, such as domestic first
purchase prices, landed costs of crude oil imports, and refiner acquisition costs. See "API" and "API
Gravity" in Glossary.
Sources: 1970-1978Petroleum and Energy Intelligence Weekly, Inc., Petroleum Intelligence
Weekly. 1979 forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration, Weekly Petroleum Status Report.
319
Figure 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2009

Regular Unleaded
6
Dollars per Gallon
4.85
4.69
3.79
3.26
3.14
3.01
2.35
2.12
2
1
0
Japan
South Korea
Australia
China
Canada
Taiwan
United States
Mexico
Premium Unleaded2
7
6.47
6.36
5.87
5.28
Dollars per Gallon
5
4.13
4
3
2.61
2
1
0
Italy
1
France
United Kingdom
Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States. See
Octane Rating in Glossary.
Spain
Source: Table 11.8.
320
Thailand
United States
Table 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2009

(Dollars 1 per Gallon)
Premium Unleaded 2
Regular Unleaded
Year
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Australia
NA
1.96
1.89
1.73
1.84
1.95
2.12
2.05
1.63
1.72
1.94
1.71
1.76
R2.20
2.72
3.23
3.54
3.85
4.45
3.79
Canada
R1.86
1.92
1.73
1.57
1.45
1.53
1.61
1.62
1.38
1.52
1.86
1.72
1.69
1.99
2.37
2.89
3.26
3.59
4.08
3.14
China
Germany
Japan
Mexico
South
Korea
Taiwan
United
States
France
Italy
South
Africa
Spain
Thailand
United
Kingdom
United
States
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.22
1.21
1.33
1.48
1.70
2.11
2.29
3.11
3.26
2.65
2.90
3.27
3.07
3.52
3.96
3.94
3.53
3.34
3.42
3.45
3.40
3.67
4.59
5.24
5.66
6.03
6.88
7.75
NA
3.16
3.46
3.58
4.16
4.36
4.43
3.64
3.26
2.82
3.27
3.65
3.27
3.15
3.47
3.93
4.28
4.47
4.49
5.74
4.85
1.00
1.30
1.50
1.56
1.48
1.11
1.25
1.47
1.49
1.79
2.01
2.20
2.24
2.04
2.03
2.22
2.31
2.40
2.45
2.12
2.05
2.49
2.65
2.88
2.87
R2.93
3.18
3.34
R3.03
3.80
4.18
R3.75
3.84
R4.12
4.51
5.28
5.92
6.21
5.83
4.69
2.49
2.39
2.42
2.27
2.14
2.23
2.15
2.23
1.86
1.86
2.15
2.02
1.93
2.16
2.46
2.76
3.05
3.20
3.53
3.01
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.11
1.15
1.23
1.23
1.06
1.17
1.51
1.46
1.36
1.59
1.88
2.30
2.59
2.80
3.27
2.35
3.63
3.45
3.56
3.41
3.59
4.26
4.41
4.00
3.87
3.85
3.80
3.51
3.62
4.35
4.99
5.46
5.88
6.60
7.51
6.36
4.59
4.50
4.53
3.68
3.70
4.00
4.39
4.07
3.84
3.87
3.77
3.57
3.74
4.53
5.29
5.74
6.10
6.73
7.63
6.47
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.72
1.51
1.55
1.78
1.59
1.41
1.91
2.58
3.05
3.42
3.64
4.13
NA
NA
NA
3.50
3.01
2.99
3.24
3.32
3.01
2.80
2.82
2.86
2.73
2.90
3.49
4.09
4.49
4.84
5.36
6.13
5.28
NA
NA
1.35
1.26
1.21
1.25
1.49
1.27
1.09
1.22
1.38
1.33
1.35
1.52
1.76
2.25
2.76
3.20
4.01
4.13
2.82
3.01
3.06
2.84
R2.98
3.21
3.34
3.83
4.06
4.29
4.58
4.13
4.16
4.70
5.56
5.97
6.36
R7.15
7.42
5.87
1.35
1.32
1.32
1.30
1.31
1.34
1.41
1.42
1.25
1.36
1.69
1.66
1.56
1.78
2.07
2.49
2.81
3.03
3.52
2.61
Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States. See "Octane Rating"
in Glossary.
Notes: Prices are those actually paid, i.e., net of rebates, and include transport costs and taxes which
are not refundable. Prices in national currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates
published by the International Monetary Fund. Prices for all countries, except the United States, have
been converted from dollars per liter to dollars per gallon at 3.785412 liters per gallon. Comparisons
2
between prices and price trends in different countries require care. They are of limited validity because of
fluctuations in exchange rates, differences in product quality, marketing practices, market structures, and
the extent to which the standard categories of sales are representative of total national sales for a given
period.
Sources: United States: Table 5.24. All Other Data: International Energy Agency, Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development, Energy Prices & Taxes, Quarterly Statistics, First Quarter 2010,
Part II, Section D, and Part III, Section B.
321
Figure 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity

World, OECD, and Non-OECD, 1970-2009
Top Refining Countries, 1970-2009
100
20
53% of
World
in 2009
60
OECD
40
Non-OECD
United States
World
80
15
Former U.S.S.R.
10
Russia
Japan
20
China
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1970
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Top Refining Countries, 2009

20
17.7
15
10
6.5
5.4
4.7
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.3
0.9
Mexico
Spain
Ukraine
0
United
States
China
Russia
Japan
South
Korea
Germany
Italy
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.
Note: Capacity as of January 1.
322
Saudi
Arabia
Canada
France
Source: Table 11.9.
Brazil
United
Kingdom
Table 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2009

Selected OECD Countries
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Selected Non-OECD Countries
Canada
France
Germany 1
Italy
Japan
Mexico 2
South
Korea 2
Spain
United
Kingdom
United
States
Total
OECD 3
Brazil
China
Former
U.S.S.R.
1.40
1.45
1.45
1.73
1.79
1.88
2.02
2.10
2.17
2.23
2.22
2.17
2.20
2.02
1.81
1.87
1.86
1.76
1.87
1.86
1.85
1.88
1.91
1.87
1.88
1.91
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.87
1.91
1.91
1.94
1.98
1.99
2.02
2.02
2.04
1.97
2.03
2.32
2.53
2.69
2.95
3.14
3.34
3.31
3.52
3.46
3.47
3.40
3.34
3.29
2.87
2.67
2.39
1.95
1.83
1.94
1.88
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.85
1.86
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.87
1.95
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.95
1.95
1.98
1.96
1.93
1.99
2.36
2.54
2.56
2.70
2.83
2.99
3.10
3.08
3.08
3.10
2.99
3.02
2.94
2.47
2.39
2.17
1.93
1.72
1.65
1.52
1.51
2.07
2.06
2.23
2.27
2.32
2.13
2.11
2.18
2.25
2.28
2.26
2.26
2.27
2.29
2.32
2.43
2.42
2.42
2.42
2.96
3.24
3.68
3.59
3.88
3.95
4.08
4.26
4.23
4.20
4.13
4.09
4.00
3.28
3.05
3.10
2.74
2.68
2.56
2.45
2.80
2.39
2.39
2.42
2.26
2.26
2.28
2.26
2.45
2.45
2.34
2.36
2.28
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.32
2.34
2.34
2.34
3.14
3.70
3.82
4.53
5.15
5.35
5.63
5.76
5.67
5.68
5.71
5.66
5.81
5.73
5.17
4.97
4.72
4.79
4.57
4.36
4.20
4.38
4.61
4.74
4.81
4.85
4.87
4.99
4.97
5.06
5.00
4.96
4.79
4.77
4.70
4.71
4.67
4.68
4.65
4.69
0.50
.57
.59
.63
.63
.76
.76
.94
1.38
1.24
1.39
1.39
1.47
1.29
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.51
1.68
1.57
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.54
1.54
1.54
0.18
.25
.22
.43
.42
.43
.44
.42
.48
.54
.60
.61
.76
.76
.78
.78
.78
.86
.82
.88
.87
.87
1.16
1.15
1.15
1.17
1.24
2.21
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.54
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.61
0.69
.85
.87
1.03
1.16
1.17
1.32
1.28
1.27
1.43
1.46
1.46
1.52
1.52
1.49
1.49
1.37
1.31
1.31
1.29
1.29
1.32
1.32
1.30
1.28
1.28
1.33
1.30
1.29
1.32
1.32
1.29
1.29
1.32
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.28
1.27
2.30
2.39
2.59
2.47
2.76
2.78
2.89
3.01
2.91
2.53
2.53
2.63
2.48
2.26
2.09
2.01
1.79
1.78
1.80
1.80
1.83
1.87
1.86
1.84
1.87
1.87
1.89
1.94
1.83
1.85
R1.78
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.82
1.83
1.88
1.89
1.86
1.86
12.02
12.86
13.29
13.64
14.36
14.96
15.24
16.40
17.05
17.44
17.99
18.62
17.89
16.86
16.14
15.66
15.46
15.57
15.92
15.66
15.57
15.68
15.70
15.12
15.03
15.43
15.33
15.45
15.71
16.26
16.51
16.60
16.79
16.76
16.89
17.13
17.34
17.44
17.59
17.67
32.18
35.19
37.29
39.45
42.39
44.07
46.16
48.34
49.37
R49.33
R50.10
R50.60
R49.80
R45.89
R43.39
R42.16
R40.06
39.63
40.07
39.31
R39.65
40.25
41.72
41.28
41.18
41.62
41.31
42.47
43.23
44.19
44.33
44.48
44.50
44.69
44.75
45.12
45.58
45.52
45.55
45.78
0.50
.51
.56
.72
.79
.96
.99
1.12
1.16
1.21
1.21
1.40
1.41
1.22
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.41
1.41
1.40
1.41
1.41
1.40
1.25
1.25
1.26
1.26
1.66
1.77
1.78
1.92
1.79
1.87
1.91
1.92
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.91
0.30
.42
.48
.50
.60
.85
1.01
1.40
1.46
1.58
1.60
1.81
1.81
2.00
2.05
2.15
2.15
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.87
2.87
2.87
2.97
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.53
4.53
4.53
4.65
6.25
6.25
6.25
6.45
5.64
6.27
6.68
7.26
7.81
8.24
9.23
9.10
9.98
10.48
10.95
11.40
11.60
11.75
12.00
12.20
12.20
12.26
12.26
12.30
12.30
12.30
12.30
Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.
Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD on
December 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.
3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,
are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data for these countries were available.
The Czech Republic and Slovakia (or Slovak Republic), which joined the OECD on December 21, 1995 and
December 14, 2000, respectively, are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data for
these countries were available.
R=Revised. = Not applicable.
2
Saudi
Russia Arabia
6.46
6.46
6.53
6.72
6.73
6.87
6.75
6.67
5.44
5.44
5.44
5.44
5.43
5.34
5.34
5.43
5.43
0.38
.91
.51
.43
.43
.61
.54
.60
.59
.49
.49
.49
.49
.71
.86
.84
1.12
1.13
1.38
1.38
1.48
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.61
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.69
1.71
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
2.10
2.10
2.08
2.08
Ukraine
Total
Non-OECD
1.24
1.24
1.26
1.26
1.25
1.25
1.09
1.15
1.03
1.03
R1.02
R1.02
.88
.88
.88
.88
.88
14.87
16.73
17.90
18.72
20.74
22.45
23.77
26.77
28.09
R29.27
R29.78
R30.99
R30.93
R31.42
R32.00
R33.02
R32.55
32.93
33.54
33.99
34.21
34.75
33.72
31.83
31.90
32.63
R33.08
33.51
34.80
35.89
37.20
36.84
36.95
37.30
37.51
37.67
39.76
39.83
39.91
40.12
World
47.05
51.92
R55.18
58.17
63.13
66.52
69.93
75.11
77.46
78.60
79.88
R81.59
80.73
77.30
75.39
75.18
72.61
72.56
73.61
73.30
73.86
75.00
75.43
73.11
73.07
74.25
74.39
75.99
78.03
80.08
81.53
81.32
81.44
82.00
82.26
82.80
85.34
85.36
85.46
85.90
Notes: OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for
membership. Capacity data represent distillation capacity. Capacity for all years is as of January 1.
Sources: United States: Table 5.9. China and Former U.S.S.R.: 1970-1976Ballinger Publishing
Company, The Energy Decade, 1970-1980, A Statistical and Graphic Chronicle.
1977
forwardPennWell Publishing Company, Oil & Gas Journal. All Other Data: PennWell Publishing
Company, Oil & Gas Journal.
323
Figure 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption

World, 1960-2008
Top Consuming Countries, 1960-2008
120
24
United States
World
90
55% of World
Total in 2008
60
OECD
30
Non-OECD
18
12
Former U.S.S.R.
Japan
Russia
China
India
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Selected Consumers, 2008

24
19.5
18
12
7.8
4.8
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.6
Germany
Brazil
Canada
South
Korea
Mexico
France
United
Kingdom
Italy
Spain
0
United
States
1
324
China
Japan
India
Russia
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.
Source: Table 11.10.
Table 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2008

Selected OECD Consumers
Year
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Selected Non-OECD Consumers
Canada
France
Germany 1
Italy
Japan
Mexico 2
South
Korea 2
Spain
United
Kingdom
United
States
Total
OECD 3
Brazil
China
India
Former
U.S.S.R.
Russia
Total
Non-OECD
World
0.84
.87
.92
.99
1.05
1.14
1.21
1.25
1.34
1.42
1.52
1.56
1.66
1.73
1.78
1.78
1.82
1.85
1.90
1.97
1.87
1.77
1.58
1.45
1.52
1.53
1.53
1.61
1.68
1.75
1.74
1.68
1.73
1.75
1.77
1.82
1.87
1.96
1.95
2.04
2.03
2.07
2.09
2.22
2.31
2.34
R2.25
R2.31
2.25
0.56
.63
.73
.86
.98
1.09
1.19
1.34
1.46
1.66
1.94
2.12
2.32
2.60
2.45
2.25
2.42
2.29
2.41
2.46
2.26
2.02
1.88
1.84
1.77
1.75
1.76
1.79
1.80
1.84
1.83
1.94
1.93
1.88
R1.87
1.92
1.95
1.97
2.04
2.03
2.00
2.05
1.98
2.00
2.01
1.99
1.98
R1.97
1.99
0.63
.79
1.00
1.17
1.36
1.61
1.80
1.86
1.99
2.33
2.83
2.94
3.10
3.32
3.03
2.96
3.21
3.21
3.29
3.37
3.08
2.80
2.74
2.66
2.56
2.65
2.79
2.72
2.72
2.58
2.68
2.83
2.84
2.91
2.88
2.88
2.92
2.92
2.92
2.84
2.77
2.81
2.72
2.68
2.67
2.65
2.69
R2.47
2.57
0.44
.54
.67
.77
.90
.98
1.08
1.19
1.40
1.69
1.71
1.84
1.95
2.07
2.00
1.86
1.97
1.90
1.95
2.04
1.93
1.87
1.78
1.75
1.72
1.71
1.73
1.82
1.83
1.90
1.87
1.86
1.89
1.89
1.87
1.94
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.89
1.85
1.83
1.87
R1.86
1.79
1.75
1.74
R1.69
1.64
0.66
.82
.93
1.21
1.48
1.74
1.98
2.14
2.66
3.25
3.82
4.14
4.36
4.95
4.86
4.62
4.84
4.88
4.95
5.05
4.96
4.85
4.58
4.40
4.67
4.44
4.50
4.57
4.85
5.06
5.32
5.39
5.48
5.40
5.66
R5.69
R5.74
R5.70
R5.51
R5.64
R5.52
R5.41
5.32
5.43
5.32
R5.33
5.20
R5.04
4.78
0.30
.29
.30
.31
.33
.34
.36
.39
.41
.45
.50
.52
.59
.67
.71
.75
.83
.88
.99
1.10
1.27
1.40
1.48
1.35
1.40
1.48
1.52
1.58
1.60
1.72
1.75
1.83
1.86
1.84
1.93
1.82
1.79
1.85
1.95
1.96
2.04
2.01
1.95
1.95
2.00
2.07
2.08
R2.14
2.13
0.01
.02
.02
.03
.02
.03
.04
.07
.10
.15
.20
.23
.24
.28
.29
.31
.36
.42
.48
.53
.54
.54
.53
.56
.55
.55
.59
.63
.75
.86
1.05
1.26
1.53
1.68
1.84
2.01
2.10
R2.26
1.92
2.08
2.14
2.13
2.15
2.18
2.16
2.19
2.18
R2.24
2.17
0.10
.12
.12
.12
.20
.23
.31
.36
.46
.49
.58
.64
.68
.78
.86
.87
.97
.94
.98
1.02
.99
.94
1.00
1.01
.85
.86
.87
.90
.98
.98
1.01
1.07
1.10
1.06
1.12
1.19
1.20
1.27
1.36
1.40
1.43
1.49
1.50
1.54
1.57
1.61
1.59
1.61
1.56
0.94
1.04
1.12
1.27
1.36
1.49
1.58
1.64
1.82
1.98
2.10
2.14
2.28
2.34
2.21
1.91
1.89
1.91
1.94
1.97
1.73
1.59
1.59
1.53
1.83
1.62
1.64
1.61
1.69
1.73
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.82
1.85
1.81
1.79
1.81
1.77
1.75
1.74
1.76
1.79
R1.82
R1.80
1.74
1.71
9.80
9.98
10.40
10.74
11.02
11.51
12.08
12.56
13.39
14.14
14.70
15.21
16.37
17.31
16.65
16.32
17.46
18.43
18.85
18.51
17.06
16.06
15.30
15.23
15.73
15.73
16.28
16.67
17.28
17.33
16.99
16.71
17.03
17.24
17.72
17.72
18.31
18.62
18.92
19.52
19.70
19.65
19.76
20.03
20.73
20.80
20.69
20.68
19.50
15.78
16.77
18.06
19.60
21.05
22.81
24.60
25.94
28.56
31.54
34.69
36.30
38.95
41.80
40.38
39.14
41.72
42.78
43.98
44.39
41.76
39.49
37.77
36.91
37.69
37.48
38.60
39.34
40.65
41.33
41.62
42.02
R42.97
R43.30
R44.49
R44.96
R46.01
R46.77
46.93
R47.88
47.93
R47.98
47.94
R48.64
49.43
R49.80
R49.49
R49.16
47.55
0.27
.28
.31
.34
.35
.33
.38
.38
.46
.48
.53
.58
.66
.78
.86
.92
1.00
1.02
1.11
1.18
1.15
1.09
1.06
.98
1.03
1.08
1.24
1.26
1.30
1.32
1.47
1.48
1.52
1.58
1.67
1.79
1.90
2.03
2.10
2.13
2.17
2.21
2.13
2.06
2.12
2.21
R2.29
R2.36
2.49
0.17
.17
.14
.17
.20
.23
.30
.28
.31
.44
.62
.79
.91
1.12
1.19
1.36
1.53
1.64
1.79
1.84
1.77
1.71
1.66
1.73
1.74
1.89
2.00
2.12
2.27
2.38
2.30
2.50
2.66
2.96
3.16
3.36
3.61
3.92
4.11
4.36
4.80
4.92
5.16
5.58
6.44
6.70
R7.26
R7.58
7.83
0.16
.17
.18
.21
.22
.25
.28
.26
.31
.34
.40
.42
.46
.49
.47
.50
.51
.55
.62
.66
.64
.73
.74
.77
.82
.89
.95
.99
1.08
1.15
1.17
1.19
1.27
1.31
1.41
1.57
1.68
1.77
1.84
2.03
2.13
2.18
2.26
2.35
2.43
2.51
R2.69
R2.85
2.96
2.38
2.57
2.87
3.15
3.58
3.61
3.87
4.22
4.48
4.87
5.31
5.66
6.12
6.60
7.28
7.52
7.78
8.18
8.48
8.64
9.00
8.94
9.08
8.95
8.91
8.95
8.98
8.99
8.89
8.74
8.39
8.35
4.42
3.75
3.18
2.98
2.62
2.56
2.49
2.54
2.58
2.59
2.64
2.68
2.75
2.79
R2.87
R2.86
2.92
5.56
6.23
6.83
7.32
8.03
8.33
8.96
9.65
10.40
11.35
12.12
13.12
14.15
15.43
16.30
17.06
17.96
19.05
20.18
20.84
21.35
R21.46
21.78
21.87
22.12
22.60
23.21
23.75
24.32
24.75
25.07
R25.27
24.51
24.30
24.43
R25.17
R25.66
R26.67
R27.14
R27.88
R28.81
R29.49
R30.18
R31.04
R33.02
R34.24
R35.71
R36.98
38.20
21.34
23.00
24.89
26.92
29.08
31.14
33.56
35.59
38.96
42.89
46.81
49.42
53.09
57.24
56.68
56.20
59.67
61.83
64.16
65.22
63.11
R60.95
R59.55
58.78
59.82
60.09
61.81
R63.09
R64.96
66.08
66.69
R67.29
R67.48
R67.60
R68.92
70.13
71.67
73.43
R74.07
R75.76
R76.74
R77.47
R78.12
R79.68
R82.46
R84.04
R85.20
R86.14
85.75
1 Through 1969, the data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. For 1970 through 1990,
this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.
2 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD on
December 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.
3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,
are included in Total OECD beginning in 1970, the first year that data for these countries were available.
Total OECD includes Czechoslovakia from 1970-1992, and Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1993
forward.

Notes: OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for
membership. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources:
United States:
Table 5.1, "Petroleum Products Supplied."
All Other Data:
1960-1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Database. 1980
forwardEIA, International Energy Statistics, March 3, 2010.
325
Figure 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production

By Region, 2008
32
120
29.94
28.26
100
World
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
24
80
60
40
14.51
13.51
11.16
Russia
20
16
7.16
5.26
United States
Canada
0
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
North
America
Central,
and South
America
Europe
Eurasia
Middle
East
Africa
Asia and
Oceania
32
Eurasia
North America
Trillion Cubic Feet
24
16
Asia and Oceania1
Europe
Middle East
Africa
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
326
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Table 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1999-2008

2008 P
Region and Country
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
North America .................................................................

Canada ...........................................................................
Mexico ............................................................................
United States ..................................................................
26.38
6.27
1.29
18.83
26.97
6.47
1.31
19.18
27.51
6.60
1.30
19.62
26.89
6.63
1.33
18.93
26.95
6.45
1.40
19.10
26.54
6.48
1.46
18.59
26.13
6.56
1.52
18.05
26.79
6.55
1.74
18.50
R27.27
Central and South America ...........................................

Argentina ........................................................................
Venezuela .......................................................................
Other ...............................................................................
3.15
1.22
.95
.98
3.43
1.32
.96
1.15
3.65
1.31
1.12
1.22
3.67
1.28
1.00
1.39
4.07
1.45
.86
1.76
4.54
1.58
.96
2.00
4.86
1.61
1.01
2.24
5.06
1.63
.92
2.51
R5.20
Europe 1 ...........................................................................
Germany .........................................................................
Italy .................................................................................
Netherlands ....................................................................
Norway ...........................................................................
Romania .........................................................................
United Kingdom ..............................................................
Other ...............................................................................
10.72
.82
.62
2.65
1.76
.50
3.49
.88
10.98
.78
.59
2.56
1.87
.48
3.83
.88
11.10
.79
.54
2.75
1.95
.51
3.69
.89
11.41
.79
.52
2.68
2.41
.47
3.66
.88
11.48
.78
.49
2.57
2.70
.43
3.63
.86
R11.93
R11.43
.70
.43
R2.77
3.07
.41
R3.12
.92
11.10
.69
.39
2.73
3.09
.45
2.82
.93
R10.72
.73
.46
3.04
2.95
.42
R3.43
.92
Eurasia 2 ..........................................................................
Russia .............................................................................
Turkmenistan ..................................................................
Ukraine ...........................................................................
Uzbekistan ......................................................................
Other ...............................................................................
24.59
20.83
.79
.63
1.96
.39
25.43
20.63
1.64
.64
1.99
.53
25.65
20.51
1.70
.64
2.23
.57
26.26
21.03
1.89
.65
2.04
.65
R27.02
R27.75
R28.19
R28.90
R29.22
21.77
2.09
.69
2.03
R.44
22.39
2.07
.68
2.11
R.50
22.62
2.22
.69
2.11
R.55
23.17
2.23
.69
2.22
R.59
23.06
2.43
.69
2.30
R.73
Middle East ......................................................................

Iran .................................................................................
Qatar ...............................................................................
Saudi Arabia ...................................................................
United Arab Emirates .....................................................
Other ...............................................................................
6.93
2.04
.78
1.63
1.34
1.14
7.57
2.13
1.03
1.76
1.36
1.30
7.98
2.33
.95
1.90
1.39
1.41
8.71
2.65
1.04
2.00
1.53
1.48
9.18
2.86
1.11
2.12
1.58
1.51
9.95
2.96
1.38
2.32
1.63
1.65
11.21
3.56
1.62
2.52
1.66
1.85
11.95
3.84
1.79
2.59
1.72
2.01
R12.59
Africa ...............................................................................
Algeria ............................................................................
Egypt ..............................................................................
Other ...............................................................................
4.02
2.88
.52
.62
4.44
2.94
.65
.85
4.63
2.79
.87
.97
4.68
2.80
.88
1.00
5.11
2.85
1.06
1.20
5.29
2.83
1.15
1.31
R6.12
R6.55
R6.83
3.11
1.50
R1.51
3.08
1.60
R1.87
R3.00
R2.19
7.16
3.05
1.71
2.40
Asia and Oceania 1 .........................................................

Australia ..........................................................................
China ..............................................................................
India ................................................................................
Indonesia ........................................................................
Malaysia .........................................................................
Pakistan ..........................................................................
Other ...............................................................................
9.29
1.12
.89
.75
2.51
1.42
.78
1.82
9.58
1.16
.96
.79
2.24
1.60
.86
1.97
9.60
1.19
1.07
.85
1.89
1.69
.77
2.14
10.29
1.23
1.15
.93
2.06
1.71
.81
2.40
10.89
1.27
1.21
.96
2.19
1.84
.89
2.52
R11.25
R12.14
1.31
1.44
1.00
2.03
1.90
.97
R2.61
1.44
1.76
1.06
2.00
1.97
1.09
R2.82
13.08
1.51
2.07
1.09
2.20
1.97
1.28
2.97
13.49
R1.56
2.45
1.11
R2.42
1.96
R1.30
R3.14
14.51
1.60
2.69
1.14
2.47
2.02
1.32
3.27
World ...............................................................................
85.08
88.40
90.13
91.90
R94.69
R97.25
R100.07
R103.42
R105.77
109.79
6.34
R1.85
R19.27
1.58
R.93
R2.68
.63
.34
2.70
R3.17
.43
2.55
R.88
3.95
R2.23
2.63
1.78
R2.00
1.64
28.26
6.04
1.84
20.29
5.26
1.56
.85
2.86
11.16
.58
.33
2.99
3.50
.40
2.47
.89
29.94
23.39
2.49
.70
2.39
.98
13.51
4.11
2.72
2.84
1.77
2.07
Sources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: U.S. Energy Information Administration,
International Energy Statistics, March 24, 2010.
327
Figure 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1980-2008
120
Trillion Cubic Feet
100
World
80
60
40
Former U.S.S.R.
United States
20
Russia
0
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Top Consuming Countries, 2008

25
23.2
20
Trillion Cubic Feet
16.8
15
10
4.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.3
Uzbekistan
France
Netherlands
Indonesia
0
United
States
Russia
Iran
Japan
United
Kingdom
Germany
Italy
Canada
Ukraine
Saudi
Arabia
328
Table 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2008

Year
Canada
France
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1,883
1,842
1,859
1,863
2,017
2,165
2,130
2,112
2,331
2,427
2,378
2,400
2,596
2,691
2,738
2,872
2,917
2,887
2,798
3,108
2,991
3,121
3,173
3,373
3,341
3,404
3,307
2,894
2,929
981
1,003
979
999
1,079
1,110
1,129
1,038
963
984
997
1,131
1,146
1,158
1,157
1,183
1,314
1,300
1,313
1,383
1,403
1,471
1,528
1,511
R1,604
1,740
1,763
R1,656
1,740
Germany 1 Indonesia
2,621
2,513
2,334
2,397
2,584
2,546
2,595
2,733
2,716
2,835
2,669
2,776
2,739
2,830
2,965
3,172
3,163
3,012
3,130
3,151
3,098
3,239
3,204
3,566
R3,533
R3,464
3,524
R3,452
3,383
248
248
236
316
369
436
471
487
517
579
630
765
797
850
965
1,061
1,137
1,125
983
1,124
958
726
797
805
675
719
992
R1,224
1,289
Iran
232
155
200
310
476
600
536
565
706
784
837
811
883
938
1,123
1,243
1,416
1,663
1,828
2,112
2,221
2,478
2,798
2,910
3,021
3,616
3,839
R3,992
4,201
Italy
972
942
944
967
1,135
1,151
1,217
1,346
1,460
1,581
1,674
1,775
1,760
1,801
1,748
1,921
1,984
2,048
2,205
2,396
2,498
2,505
2,488
2,743
2,847
3,046
2,984
2,998
2,998
Japan
Netherlands
Former
U.S.S.R.
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
Ukraine
United
Kingdom
United
States
Uzbekistan
Other
World
903
925
956
1,020
1,372
1,468
1,494
1,543
1,618
1,731
2,028
2,175
2,177
2,217
2,334
2,409
2,524
2,590
2,676
2,818
2,914
2,902
3,100
3,100
R3,124
R3,110
R3,437
R3,738
3,572
1,493
1,421
1,511
1,451
1,540
1,624
1,620
1,672
1,513
1,550
1,535
1,715
1,669
1,714
1,654
1,701
1,874
1,763
1,752
1,705
1,725
1,769
1,767
1,775
1,812
R1,742
1,690
R1,646
1,707
13,328
14,440
15,522
16,822
18,512
20,302
21,522
22,462
24,092
24,529
24,961
25,014
16,482
16,185
15,214
14,507
14,504
13,434
14,045
14,013
14,130
14,412
14,567
15,291
16,022
16,153
16,598
16,746
16,799
334
564
430
418
620
716
890
946
1,028
1,052
1,077
1,130
1,201
1,268
1,331
1,343
1,460
1,601
1,653
1,632
1,759
1,896
2,002
2,121
2,319
2,516
2,594
R2,628
2,841
3,503
3,871
3,327
2,970
2,935
2,832
2,606
2,755
2,779
2,617
2,779
3,023
3,051
3,079
2,483
R2,885
2,853
1,702
1,740
1,743
1,815
1,851
1,991
2,020
2,079
1,972
1,951
2,059
2,218
2,170
2,412
2,542
2,690
3,182
3,013
3,072
3,259
3,373
3,338
3,379
3,358
R3,514
R3,376
3,213
R3,244
3,388
19,877
19,404
18,001
16,835
17,951
17,281
16,221
17,211
18,030
19,119
19,174
19,562
20,228
20,790
21,247
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,007
22,277
22,389
22,011
21,685
R23,097
23,227
1,095
1,541
1,229
1,349
1,434
1,455
1,409
1,423
1,511
1,596
1,642
1,670
1,773
1,702
1,769
R1,783
1,858
8,369
8,333
8,931
9,427
10,189
10,777
11,303
12,062
12,628
13,549
13,611
13,841
16,868
17,005
17,400
18,297
19,939
20,825
21,357
21,995
23,636
24,789
26,112
R27,687
R29,729
R32,464
R34,187
R35,811
37,509
52,943
53,529
53,646
54,640
59,696
62,168
63,148
66,256
69,573
72,671
73,629
75,314
75,314
77,269
76,974
78,925
82,392
82,286
83,071
85,278
88,330
89,100
92,346
R95,210
R98,754
R102,143
R104,063
R107,744
110,262
1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

329
Figure 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007

By Type
By Region
600
400
455
300
Billion Short Tons
Billion Short Tons
454
400
200
286
270
249
200
100
51
35
17
0
Anthracite
and Bituminous
Coal
Subbituminous
Coal and
Lignite
North America
Central
and South
America
Europe
Eurasia
Middle East
Africa
Asia and
Oceania1
Top Reserves Countries

300
Billion Short Tons
262
200
173
126
100
84
65
37
35
34
15
Serbia
Poland
Brazil
Colombia
0
United
States
Russia
China
Australia
India
Ukraine
330
Kazakhstan
South
Africa
U.S. reserves are at end of 2008, one year later than other data in this figure.
Note: Data are at end of year.
Table 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007

Region and Country
Anthracite and Bituminous Coal
Subbituminous Coal and Lignite
Total
North America .............................................................

Canada .......................................................................
Greenland ...................................................................
Mexico ........................................................................
United States 1 ...........................................................
125,754
3,826
0
948
120,980
144,606
3,425
202
387
140,593
270,361
7,251
202
1,335
261,573
Central and South America .......................................

Brazil ...........................................................................
Chile ...........................................................................
Colombia ....................................................................
Peru ............................................................................
Other ...........................................................................
7,676
0
0
7,092
55
529
8,865
7,781
171
419
0
494
16,541
7,781
171
7,511
55
1,023
Europe 2 .......................................................................
Bulgaria ......................................................................
Czech Republic ..........................................................
Germany .....................................................................
Greece ........................................................................
Hungary ......................................................................
Poland ........................................................................
Romania .....................................................................
Serbia .........................................................................
Turkey .........................................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................................
Other ...........................................................................
9,296
6
1,844
168
0
219
6,627
13
7
0
171
241
41,485
2,195
3,117
7,227
4,299
3,420
1,642
452
15,299
2,000
0
1,834
50,781
2,200
4,962
7,394
4,299
3,640
8,270
465
15,306
2,000
171
2,076
Eurasia 3 ......................................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................................
Russia .........................................................................
Ukraine .......................................................................
Uzbekistan ..................................................................
Other ...........................................................................
103,186
31,052
54,110
16,922
1,102
0
145,931
3,450
118,964
20,417
2,205
895
249,117
34,502
173,074
37,339
3,307
895
Middle East ..................................................................

Iran .............................................................................
1,528
1,528
0
0
1,528
1,528
Africa ...........................................................................
Botswana ....................................................................
South Africa ................................................................
Zimbabwe ...................................................................
Other ...........................................................................
35,096
44
33,519
553
980
192
0
0
0
192
35,288
44
33,519
553
1,172
Asia and Oceania 2 .....................................................

Australia ......................................................................
China ..........................................................................
India ............................................................................
Indonesia ....................................................................
North Korea ................................................................
Pakistan ......................................................................
Thailand ......................................................................
Other ...........................................................................
171,750
40,565
68,564
59,525
1,897
331
1
0
868
114,027
43,431
57,651
5,071
2,874
331
2,281
1,493
897
285,778
83,996
126,215
64,595
4,771
661
2,282
1,493
1,765
World ...........................................................................
454,287
455,106
909,394
1
2
U.S. data are as of the end of 2008, one year later than the other data on this table.
Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Notes: Data are at end of year. World Energy Council data represent "proved recoverable
reserves," which are the tonnage within the "proved amount in place" that can be recovered (extracted from
the earth in raw form) under present and expected local economic conditions with existing, available
technology. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) does not certify the international reserves
data, but reproduces the information as a matter of convenience for the reader. U.S. reserves represent
estimated recoverable reserves from the Demonstrated Reserve Base, which includes both measured and
indicated tonnage. The U.S. term "measured" approximates the term "proved," used by the World Energy
Council. The U.S. "measured and indicated" data have been combined and cannot be recaptured as
"measured alone." Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: United States: Based on EIA, Annual Coal Report 2008, Table 15 and Unpublished File Data
of the Coal Reserves Data Base. All Other Data: World Energy Council, Survey of Energy Resources,
Interim Update 2009.
331
Figure 11.14 World Coal Production

6.0
World
4.5
Billion Short Tons
Billion Short Tons
China
Asia and Oceania1
3.0
Central
and
South America
Africa
1.5
North America
Europe
Eurasia
United States
0.0
0
2000
2002
2004
2006
2000
2008
2002
2004
2006
2008
Billion Short Tons
2.85
1.17
1
0.57
0.44
0.36
0.31
0.26
0.21
0.16
0.12
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
Turkey
Canada
Greece
0
China
United
States
India
Australia
Russia
Indonesia
South
Africa
332
Germany
Poland
Kazakhstan Colombia
Table 11.14 World Coal Production, 1999-2008

2008 P
Region and Country
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
North America .............................................

Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States ..............................................
1,192
80
11
1,100
1,162
76
13
1,074
1,218
R78
13
1,128
1,180
73
12
1,094
1,151
69
11
1,072
1,196
73
11
1,112
R1,215
R1,248
R1,236
R72
73
13
1,163
R75
1,147

Colombia ....................................................
Other ...........................................................
51
36
15
59
42
17
63
48
15
58
44
14
68
55
13
73
59
14
81
65
16
R88
R93
72
R16
R77
Europe 1 .......................................................
Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................
Bulgaria ......................................................
Czech Republic ..........................................
Former Serbia and Montenegro .................
Germany ....................................................
Greece ........................................................
Hungary ......................................................
Macedonia ..................................................
Poland ........................................................
Romania .....................................................
Slovenia ......................................................
Spain ..........................................................
Turkey .........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
R827
R826
R835
R826
R820
8
29
72
41
226
70
15
8
179
32
5
R26
70
34
10
8
29
73
40
227
73
15
9
180
37
5
R25
68
35
10
9
29
70
42
233
78
14
8
178
34
5
R24
60
33
10
10
30
70
44
229
75
15
8
179
36
5
R23
54
31
10
793
10
27
68
39
227
76
11
8
175
34
5
21
64
22
5
R799
7
28
65
36
226
68
16
8
188
25
5
R27
74
40
12
809
10
29
68
45
233
77
12
8
178
35
5
23
51
27
7
R791
11
28
69
R0
221
71
11
7
171
38
5
20
71
20
R46
R12
Eurasia 2 ......................................................
Estonia ........................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Other ...........................................................
410
12
66
259
69
4
R435
434
13
87
262
68
4
428
14
81
262
68
4
467
16
94
283
71
3
466
15
96
285
66
4
R483
16
95
R301
67
4
507
16
106
314
68
4
R514
13
R85
265
69
3
65
4
563
18
120
356
66
3
Middle East ..................................................

Iran .............................................................
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
Africa ...........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Zimbabwe ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
250
243
5
2
256
249
5
2
257
251
5
2
253
246
4
2
270
264
4
2
274
268
4
2
276
270
4
2
276
270
4
2
R279
266
260
4
2
Asia and Oceania 1 .....................................

Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Mongolia .....................................................
North Korea ................................................
South Korea ................................................
Thailand ......................................................
Vietnam ......................................................
Other ...........................................................
R2,171
R2,153
R2,353
R2,529
R2,890
R3,404
R3,693
R3,858
R4,124
321
R1,328
356
81
5
31
5
20
11
R14
338
R1,272
370
R85
6
33
5
20
13
14
363
R1,406
389
102
6
34
4
22
14
15
375
R1,551
396
114
6
32
4
22
18
12
377
R1,864
421
R133
6
33
4
21
18
13
388
R2,300
447
R157
7
35
4
22
28
R16
405
R2,501
473
R188
R8
38
3
R23
36
R18
405
R2,572
500
R250
9
39
3
21
R43
16
World ...........................................................
R4,902
R4,893
R5,162
R5,275
R5,667
R6,223
R6,542
R6,769
Notes: Coal includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and
12
1,131
R14
R16
31
69
R0
226
R73
11
R7
R160
39
5
19
R83
18
R46
R18
R108
R319
R273
4
2
1,259
75
13
1,172
104
87
18
774
11
32
66
0
214
72
10
6
158
38
5
11
84
19
48
R17
4,303
439
2,848
568
313
11
41
3
20
44
15
R7,047
7,271
R429
R2,744
R528
R292
R11
R33
3
20
R47
brown coal. Production from Estonia is oil shale. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
333
Figure 11.15 World Coal Consumption

World Total, 1980-2008
Selected Countries, 1980-2008

3
Billion Short Tons
Billion Short Tons
7.24
in 2008
2
China
United States
2
India
Germany
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1980
2005
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Top Consuming Countries, 2008

3.5
Billion Short Tons
2.8
2.83
2.1
1.4
1.12
0.64
0.7
0.27
0.27
0.20
0.19
0.16
0.15
0.11
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.04
Australia
Poland
Turkey
Ukraine
Greece
United
Kingdom
North
Korea
0.0
China
United
States
India
Germany
Russia
Japan
South
Africa
334
Table 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2008

Year
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
Australia
R73
R77
R79
R83
R89
R92
R87
R99
R93
104
104
R108
R111
R109
110
112
120
127
138
141
141
141
143
142
144
153
155
R152
161
China
Germany 1
679
680
726
768
845
911
962
1,027
1,098
1,113
1,124
R1,161
1,199
R1,283
R1,393
R1,489
R1,502
R1,442
R1,377
R1,305
R1,239
R1,303
R1,443
R1,746
R2,200
R2,404
R2,536
R2,706
2,830
535
544
R545
R548
573
R574
R574
565
R562
553
R534
408
362
335
314
R301
296
281
269
258
270
278
278
277
280
271
271
281
270
Greece
26
30
31
36
36
42
44
49
56
59
59
59
62
62
66
64
66
66
68
68
72
75
77
78
79
78
R72
R74
73
India
Japan
North
Korea
123
144
150
158
187
194
209
211
222
236
248
270
282
296
313
329
326
351
362
388
403
417
425
437
484
505
539
R584
638
98
106
104
99
111
117
107
110
122
123
127
129
125
127
136
141
142
148
141
153
169
173
179
185
203
196
198
208
204
49
51
54
56
57
60
59
57
71
57
54
52
46
42
39
36
31
30
27
31
33
34
32
33
34
36
36
R30
39
1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.
Poland
221
200
208
213
227
238
247
258
253
242
202
202
192
193
184
185
189
182
168
162
158
152
149
154
154
150
155
R150
149
Former
U.S.S.R.
751
748
771
764
770
779
803
807
821
777
848
672
Russia
South
Africa
Turkey
326
313
284
270
278
253
238
247
253
231
240
243
235
R222
240
R230
270
105
116
124
127
137
142
145
148
151
140
139
144
147
146
161
162
164
172
161
169
175
179
170
186
199
193
R196
R202
194
23
24
26
30
35
46
55
54
46
61
60
64
66
60
66
67
73
80
86
84
89
80
73
71
71
85
92
R109
105
Ukraine
132
115
92
95
74
72
73
72
72
70
71
77
69
71
R76
R77
73
United
Kingdom
134
130
122
123
88
116
123
129
123
126
119
118
111
96
91
79
77
69
68
61
R66
70
64
R69
67
68
74
70
71
United
States
703
733
707
737
791
818
804
837
884
895
904
899
908
944
951
962
1,006
1,030
1,037
1,039
1,084
1,060
1,066
1,095
1,107
1,126
1,112
1,128
1,121
Other
World
R606
R4,125
R634
R4,217
R659
R4,305
R684
4,426
R732
R4,680
R759
R4,889
R758
R4,978
R775
5,125
R773
R5,275
R791
R5,277
R741
R5,264
R720
R5,005
R841
R4,910
R808
R4,930
R790
R4,989
R787
R5,080
R805
R5,150
R803
R5,105
R805
R5,019
R764
R4,941
R822
R5,047
R847
R5,110
R866
R5,278
R909
R5,706
R933
R6,260
R936
R6,494
R971
R6,725
R1,019
R7,019
1,040
7,238

335
Figure 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity

Net Generation by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007
Net Generation by Type by Region, 2007

(Percent of Regional Total)
15
1980
1990
2007
Hy droelectric Power and Other
12.7
Fossil Fuels
10
15
30
7.1
18
67
5.6
68
5
3.0
2.6
2.1
1.7
North America
1.9
0.7
(s)
0
Fossil Fuels
Hydroelectric Power
Nuclear Electric
Power
0.1
0.5
Other
18
21
Top Net Generating Countries, 2007

5
54
18
65
25
4.2
4
Europe
Eurasia
3.0
10
1.1
13
8
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
89
79
0
United
States
1
China
Japan
Russia
India
Canada Germany France

Middle East and Africa
Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
336
Asia and Oceania
Includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Union of Soviet Socialist
(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.
Table 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007
Fossil Fuels
2007
1980
1990
2007
Region and Country
1980
North America .............................................

Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States .............................................
Other ...........................................................
1,880.1
79.8
46.0
1,753.8
.5
R2,291.9
101.9
85.7
R2,103.6
.7
3,346.5
156.3
196.9
2,992.2
1.1
287.0
35.9
.0
251.1
.0
648.9
69.2
2.8
576.9
.0
905.1
88.8
9.9
806.4
.0

Argentina ....................................................
Brazil ...........................................................
Paraguay ....................................................
Venezuela ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
99.8
22.2
7.5
(s)
17.6
52.4
115.1
20.9
8.3
(s)
21.0
64.8
299.0
71.3
37.7
(s)
30.3
159.7
2.2
2.2
.0
.0
.0
.0
9.0
7.0
1.9
.0
.0
.0
19.0
6.7
12.3
.0
.0
.0
Europe 3 .......................................................
Belgium .......................................................
Czech Republic ..........................................
Finland ........................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Italy .............................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Norway .......................................................
Poland ........................................................
Romania .....................................................
Spain ..........................................................
Sweden .......................................................
Switzerland .................................................
Turkey .........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
1,453.3
38.3
22.0
118.0
390.3
125.5
58.0
.1
111.1
51.4
74.5
10.1
.9
12.0
228.9
212.1
1,441.4
25.0
22.8
44.3
358.9
167.5
63.2
.2
125.0
50.1
66.5
3.2
.6
32.3
230.0
251.6
1,925.7
32.5
54.7
31.0
53.0
370.9
242.3
84.3
.8
143.8
35.4
174.3
3.4
.9
145.7
289.0
263.7
229.6
11.9
6.6
63.4
55.6
2.1
3.9
.0
.0
.0
5.2
25.3
12.9
.0
32.3
10.3
761.3
40.6
18.3
298.4
145.1
.0
3.3
.0
.0
.0
51.6
64.8
22.4
.0
62.5
54.4
905.3
45.8
24.9
22.3
417.7
133.5
.0
4.0
.0
.0
7.1
52.3
63.6
26.5
.0
59.9
47.6
Eurasia 4 ......................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Other ...........................................................
1,037.1
1,037.1
1,204.1
1,204.1
911.0
64.3
633.4
87.8
125.5
72.9
72.9
201.3
201.3
246.4
.0
147.8
87.2
11.4
Middle East ..................................................

Iran .............................................................
Saudi Arabia ...............................................
Other ...........................................................
81.8
15.7
20.5
45.7
214.7
49.8
64.9
99.9
651.0
174.7
179.1
297.2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
Africa ...........................................................
Egypt ..........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Other ...........................................................
128.5
8.6
92.1
27.9
243.6
31.5
146.6
65.5
468.5
102.3
227.0
139.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
8.4
.0
8.4
.0
1990
Hydroelectric Power 1

P
3,573.1
82.2
82.7
77.2
535.7
593.4
289.7
97.2
134.3
149.1
58.3
283.2
144.0
63.9
181.9
368.6
431.8
464.8
.1
10.8
51.4
14.5
30.0
.1
119.8
.7
10.9
24.9
71.6
29.0
22.9
4.5
73.8
524.3
.0
1.9
14.0
55.4
19.1
30.5
.1
132.1
2.0
15.7
26.2
65.5
34.3
35.5
3.8
88.1
R2,147.8
R
50.6
R
R
38.7
250.5
467.4
175.4
62.9
82.7
113.4
63.9
108.6
94.2
46.0
23.3
264.9
305.3
2,687.2
66.3
51.8
R 396.2
R 523.4
R 200.7
67.7
R 120.3
R 125.9
61.0
R 143.7
R 141.3
R
52.5
55.2
R 298.3
R 382.7
184.0
184.0
230.7
230.7
243.8
8.1
174.5
10.2
51.0
1,294.0
1,294.0
1,636.1
1,636.1
1,404.1
72.4
958.0
185.2
188.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
9.6
5.6
.0
4.1
9.6
6.0
.0
3.6
22.4
17.8
.0
4.6
91.4
21.3
20.5
49.7
224.3
55.9
64.9
103.6
673.6
192.6
179.1
301.8
11.8
.0
11.8
.0
60.1
9.7
1.0
49.4
54.9
9.9
1.0
44.0
96.2
15.4
1.2
79.7
188.8
18.3
93.1
77.5
307.5
41.4
156.0
110.1
579.3
118.4
240.3
220.6
395.8
13.7
125.1
70.9
6.7
84.9
2.4
5.9
4.9
81.2
792.3
14.0
430.0
122.6
11.2
68.6
3.2
3.9
8.0
130.8
R1,265.6
R
87.4
285.5
119.3
12.8
546.8
34.5
42.0
13.6
123.9
2,322.1
146.0
590.3
275.5
43.0
R
813.8
R
98.1
R
81.1
43.7
230.6
6,519.9
239.9
3,040.5
761.7
134.4
1,058.1
401.5
225.0
135.2
523.7
R2,124.6
2,971.5
R8,016.8
R11,294.2
18,778.7
1,624.3
131.8
465.2
198.9
35.3
524.0
45.5
43.6
38.7
141.3
5,138.2
221.5
2,539.2
610.2
116.5
711.5
261.6
178.7
123.2
375.8
92.7
.0
.0
3.0
.0
78.6
3.3
7.8
.0
(s)
279.9
.0
.0
5.6
.0
192.2
50.2
31.6
.0
.4
505.8
.0
62.6
15.9
.0
250.6
135.8
38.5
.0
2.3
World ...........................................................
5,588.7
R7,135.1
12,740.0
684.4
1,908.8
2,593.4
Includes pumped storage, where available, for all countries.

Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,
purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies are included in total.
1,006.7
109.5
437.5
53.2
113.3
293.2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
493.2
45.6
218.3
27.2
57.6
144.5
307.6
41.8
137.7
.8
32.0
95.3
R
R
451.2
.1
10.1
68.0
16.3
44.0
.0
82.6
2.0
12.5
28.6
58.0
32.0
11.2
3.7
82.2
5,022.1
620.7
243.6
4,156.7
1.1
R
R
R
R
R
3,623.8
468.7
116.6
R 3,037.8
.7
660.3
30.1
370.3
53.2
83.0
123.7
R
R
201.5
17.3
128.4
.7
14.4
40.6
2007 P
362.4
17.5
204.6
27.2
36.6
76.4
R
R
R
R
R
1990
1980
R2,721.5
R 367.8
R
R
546.8
250.9
16.7
279.2
.0
2007
632.2
364.6
27.0
240.6
.0
908.1
74.5
227.9
69.7
10.6
381.6
29.8
31.3
12.3
70.4
R
R
1990
606.4
293.8
23.2
289.4
.0
Asia and Oceania .....................................

Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Japan ..........................................................
South Korea ................................................
Taiwan ........................................................
Thailand ......................................................
Other ...........................................................
1
2
1980
Total 2
P
259,9
12.5
57.6
46.5
2.2
85.4
1.4
2.9
1.3
50.0
R1,713.1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
63.6
2,289.6
.5
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
Sources: United States: Table 8.2a. All Other Data: U.S. Energy Information Administration,
International Energy Statistics, April 14, 2010.
337
Figure 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type

Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007
3,500
1980
1990
2007
2,968
3,000
Million Kilowatts
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,761
1,364
921
1,000
647
480
500
379
330
137
0
Fossil Fuels
Hydroelectric Power
160
25
Other
Installed Capacity and Net Generation Shares of Totals by Type, 2007

80
Installed Capacity
Net Generation
68
67
Percent of Total
60
40
21
20
16
14
9
4
0
Fossil Fuels
Hydroelectric Power
1
Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals,
hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
338
Other
Note: Shares are based on data prior to rounding for publication and may not sum exactly to
100 percent.
Table 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007
(Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Region and Country
1980
North America .............................................

Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States 3 ...........................................
Other ...........................................................
R
R
R

Argentina ....................................................
Brazil ...........................................................
Paraguay ....................................................
Venezuela ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
R
R
Europe 4 .......................................................
Belgium .......................................................
Czech Republic ..........................................
Finland ........................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Italy .............................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Norway .......................................................
Poland ........................................................
Romania .....................................................
Spain ..........................................................
Sweden .......................................................
Switzerland .................................................
Turkey .........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Eurasia 5 ......................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Other ...........................................................
1980
577.3
30.3
19.0
527.8
.3
839.0
34.3
40.4
764.0
.3
57.7
5.9
.0
51.8
.0
R113.8
R 13.5
.7
99.6
.0
115.0
13.3
1.4
100.3
.0
45.3
9.6
4.8
(s)
8.6
22.3
91.0
18.1
14.9
(s)
7.9
50.0
.4
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.7
1.0
.7
.0
.0
.0
3.0
1.0
2.0
.0
.0
.0
383.4
7.0
7.3
22.7
87.3
37.2
16.8
.2
26.0
16.8
20.1
6.7
.3
9.5
57.8
67.8
461.7
8.1
9.8
9.1
24.5
72.8
65.3
20.5
.5
29.8
13.3
46.7
4.7
.5
27.2
65.0
64.0
46.7
1.7
2.2
14.4
R
R 1.3
.5
.0
.0
.0
1.1
4.6
1.9
.0
6.5
R 12.6
R128.3
5.5
2.4
55.8
24.2
.0
.5
.0
.0
.0
7.0
10.0
3.0
.0
11.4
8.7
134.9
5.8
3.8
2.7
63.3
20.2
.0
.5
.0
.0
1.4
7.4
9.1
3.2
.0
11.0
6.6
240.8
240.8
240.2
16.5
151.3
35.0
37.4
12.5
12.5
37.9
37.9
38.6
.0
23.2
13.8
1.6
1990
481.1
26.1
10.7
444.1
.2
R
R
R
37.5
8.4
4.1
.1
6.5
18.4
R
R
R
355.1
8.2
6.3
30.0
29.1
16.8
.2
23.4
12.7
15.4
7.9
.7
3.0
64.7
136.6
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
201.9
201.9
Hydroelectric Power 1

P
2007
1990
R
R
R
R
2007
1980
135.7
47.9
6.1
81.7
.0
R
R
R142.6
R
1.1
R
R
R
R
Middle East ..................................................

Iran .............................................................
Saudi Arabia ...............................................
Other ...........................................................
R
R
R
R
29.6
10.0
7.4
12.2
R
R
R
R
68.7
16.0
19.5
33.2
144.2
41.9
36.9
65.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
Africa ...........................................................
Egypt ..........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Other ...........................................................
33.1
2.4
20.0
10.7
R
R
R
R
60.1
9.0
30.1
21.1
92.0
19.4
38.8
33.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.8
.0
1.8
.0
1.8
.0
1.8
.0
R
R
225.3
18.0
45.6
20.7
3.9
98.1
7.6
7.0
3.1
21.3
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Asia and Oceania .....................................

Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Japan ..........................................................
South Korea ................................................
Taiwan ........................................................
Thailand ......................................................
Other ...........................................................
R
R
World ...........................................................
R1,363.6
1
2
R
R
R
R
R
385.7
26.8
101.8
54.3
9.6
125.0
11.1
11.1
7.5
38.5
1,100.0
42.1
554.5
110.4
22.2
176.9
49.8
28.2
24.8
91.0
19.5
.0
.0
.9
.0
15.7
.6
R 2.3
.0
.1
46.1
.0
.0
1.6
.0
31.6
7.6
5.1
.0
.1
85.9
.0
9.0
4.1
.0
49.5
17.7
5.1
.0
.5
R1,761.4
2,968.1
R136.8
R329.6
379.2
R
R
R
R
R
Includes pumped storage, where available, for all countries.

Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,
purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies are included in total.
3 Net summer capability.
44.2
4.2
27.5
.2
2.7
9.7
2.4
19.0
15.8
.0
19.8
1.3
3.5
13.5
14.9
12.9
2.1
2.5
33.9
1990
R160.6
R 59.4
R
7.9
Total 2
2007
1980
1990
2007 P
R
R
R
676.0
80.3
16.9
578.6
.2
R
R
R
93.4
.0
186.5
73.6
13.1
99.8
.0
866.8
104.1
28.3
734.1
.3
1,176.2
124.7
56.3
994.9
.3
87.0
6.6
45.6
6.5
10.4
17.9
135.8
9.9
76.9
8.1
14.6
26.3
R
R
84.0
12.9
33.4
.2
9.2
28.2
136.2
17.2
53.1
6.5
19.0
40.4
237.3
29.1
100.4
8.1
22.5
77.1
R179.2
R
1.4
R
R
545.3
11.0
11.0
63.7
46.7
17.3
20.0
24.7
16.1
30.0
27.4
15.5
5.1
73.6
183.1
R
R
2.6
24.7
6.9
18.8
(s)
26.9
2.0
5.7
16.2
16.3
13.1
6.8
3.9
33.9
207.0
1.4
2.2
3.1
25.1
8.6
21.1
(s)
29.3
2.3
6.3
18.4
16.6
15.1
13.4
4.3
39.7
697.0
14.1
13.2
103.4
119.3
56.6
17.6
27.1
28.0
22.5
43.4
34.2
16.6
16.3
73.2
111.5
891.6
16.4
17.6
16.7
116.3
132.6
93.6
23.8
30.3
32.5
21.0
88.9
34.3
19.2
40.8
84.5
123.1
65.0
65.0
69.0
2.2
46.1
4.9
15.8
343.7
343.7
348.1
18.7
220.7
53.8
54.9
3.9
2.0
.0
2.0
9.1
5.1
.0
4.1
R
R
R
32.2
11.8
7.4
13.0
R
R
R
R
72.6
18.0
19.5
35.2
153.5
47.1
36.9
69.4
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
54.1
54.1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
268.5
268.5
2.6
1.8
.0
.8
14.4
2.5
.5
11.3
21.2
2.7
2.0
16.5
23.0
2.8
2.1
18.1
R
R
R
R
47.5
5.0
20.5
22.0
R
R
R
R
83.2
11.7
33.9
37.6
117.4
22.6
42.7
52.1
86.2
6.1
20.3
12.2
1.3
29.8
.8
1.4
1.4
13.0
R130.2
R
8.3
R 36.0
R 18.8
R
3.1
R 37.8
R
R
331.9
24.1
65.9
33.7
5.2
143.7
9.0
10.7
4.5
35.1
R
R
R
R
R
R
1.3
2.6
2.5
19.8
290.2
9.3
145.3
35.2
4.6
47.3
5.5
7.1
3.5
32.4
564.1
35.5
137.9
74.7
12.9
194.7
20.0
18.8
9.9
59.7
1,504.2
53.5
715.5
159.0
27.8
279.2
73.4
40.8
28.3
126.8
R479.9
R647.1
920.7
R1,985.4
R2,763.6
4,428.4
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Notes: Data are as of December 31. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Source: United States: Table 8.11a All Other Data: U.S. Energy Information Administration,
339
Figure 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation

By Region, 2008
Top Net Generating Countries, 1999-2008

900
1,200
900
907
905
United States
600
507
300
600
France
300
Japan
248
Germany
Russia
21
11
0
North
America
Central
and South
America
Europe
Eurasia
Africa
0
1999
Asia and
Oceania1
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Top Net Generating Countries, 2008

900
806
600
418
300
244
152
143
141
89
84
65
61
56
50
43
39
26
25
22
United
States
France
Japan
Russia
South Germany Canada Ukraine

Korea
340
China
Sweden
Spain
United Belgium Taiwan SwitzerKingdom

land
Czech Finland
Republic
Table 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1999-2008

Region and Country
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
North America .............................................

Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States ..............................................
807.6
69.8
9.5
728.3
830.9
69.2
7.8
753.9
850.0
72.9
8.3
768.8
861.1
71.8
9.3
780.1
844.9
71.1
10.0
763.7
883.1
85.9
8.7
788.5
879.7
87.4
10.3
782.0
890.6
93.1
10.3
787.2
R905.1
9.9
806.4
904.7
89.2
9.3
806.2

Argentina ....................................................
Brazil ...........................................................
10.5
6.7
3.8
10.9
6.0
4.9
20.8
6.5
14.3
19.2
5.4
13.8
20.4
7.0
13.4
18.9
7.3
11.6
16.3
6.4
9.9
20.9
7.2
13.8
19.0
6.7
12.3
20.8
6.8
14.0
Europe 1 .......................................................
Belgium .......................................................
Bulgaria ......................................................
Czech Republic ..........................................
Finland ........................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Hungary ......................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Romania ....................................................
Slovakia ......................................................
Slovenia ......................................................
Spain ..........................................................
Sweden .......................................................
Switzerland .................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
911.3
46.6
15.0
12.7
21.8
374.5
161.5
13.4
3.6
4.8
12.5
4.5
55.9
69.5
24.5
90.4
914.9
45.7
17.3
12.9
21.4
394.4
161.1
13.5
3.7
5.2
15.7
4.5
59.1
54.5
25.1
80.8
944.1
44.0
18.2
14.0
21.6
400.0
162.7
13.4
3.8
5.0
16.2
5.0
60.5
68.5
25.5
85.4
953.7
45.0
20.2
17.8
21.2
414.9
156.6
13.3
3.7
5.1
17.1
5.3
59.9
64.2
25.9
83.6
957.0
45.0
16.0
24.6
21.6
419.0
156.8
10.5
3.8
4.5
17.0
5.0
58.8
64.0
26.1
84.3
968.9
44.9
15.6
25.0
21.6
425.8
158.7
11.3
3.6
5.3
16.2
5.2
60.4
73.6
25.6
76.0
959.8
45.2
17.3
23.5
22.1
429.0
154.9
13.1
3.8
5.3
16.8
5.6
54.7
68.8
22.2
77.5
958.1
44.3
18.1
24.7
21.8
427.7
158.9
12.8
3.3
5.2
17.1
5.3
57.1
63.6
26.4
71.7
R905.3
13.7
24.9
22.3
417.7
133.5
13.9
4.0
7.1
14.6
5.4
52.3
R63.6
26.5
R59.9
906.5
43.3
14.7
25.2
21.8
417.5
141.1
14.1
4.0
10.3
15.9
6.0
55.8
60.6
26.3
49.9
Eurasia 2 ......................................................
Armenia ......................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................
Lithuania .....................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
189.7
2.1
(s)
9.4
110.9
67.4
203.4
1.8
.0
8.0
122.5
71.1
209.8
2.0
.0
10.8
125.4
71.7
223.0
2.1
.0
13.4
134.1
73.4
234.4
1.8
.0
14.7
141.2
76.7
236.7
2.2
.0
14.3
137.5
82.7
235.8
2.5
.0
9.8
140.2
83.3
240.2
2.4
.0
8.7
144.3
84.8
246.4
2.3
.0
9.1
147.8
87.2
247.8
2.3
.0
9.1
152.1
84.3
Africa ...........................................................
South Africa ................................................
12.8
12.8
13.0
13.0
10.7
10.7
12.0
12.0
12.7
12.7
14.3
14.3
12.2
12.2
10.1
10.1
R11.8
R11.8
11.3
11.3
Asia and Oceania 1 .....................................

China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Japan ..........................................................
Pakistan ......................................................
South Korea ................................................
Taiwan ........................................................
461.2
14.1
11.5
300.8
.1
97.9
36.9
476.8
15.9
14.1
305.9
.4
103.5
37.0
481.3
16.6
18.2
303.9
2.0
106.5
34.1
476.2
25.2
17.8
280.3
1.8
113.1
38.0
448.4
41.7
16.4
228.0
1.8
123.2
37.4
495.4
47.9
15.0
268.3
1.9
124.2
37.9
535.4
50.3
15.7
289.5
2.4
139.4
38.0
540.4
54.8
15.6
288.3
2.5
141.3
37.9
505.8
62.6
15.9
250.6
2.3
135.8
38.5
506.5
65.3
13.2
243.6
1.7
143.4
39.3
World ...........................................................
2,393.1
2,449.9
2,516.7
2,545.3
2,517.8
2,617.3
2,639.2
2,660.3
R2,593.4
2,597.6
R=Revised. (s) = Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
2007
R88.8
R45.8
2008
Sources: United States: Table 8.2a. All Other Data: U.S. Energy Information Administration,
341
Figure 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

World, 1998-2007
World by Region, 2007

15
25
29.9 billion metric tons

in 2007
20
15
10
5
0
1998
30
11.7
12
9
7.0
6
4.7
2.6
1.6
1.2
1.1
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
North
Central
America
and South
America
Europe
Eurasia
Middle
Africa
East
Asia and
Oceania
Top Countries, 2007

7
6.2
6.0
5
4
3
2
1.6
1.4
1.3
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Canada
United
Kingdom
South
Korea
Iran
South
Africa
Italy
Mexico
0
China
United
States
Russia
India
Japan
Germany
1
Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
342
Includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Union of Soviet Socialist
Note: Data include carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel energy consumption and natural
gas venting and flaring.
Table 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1998-2007
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007P
North America .............................................

Canada .......................................................
Mexico ........................................................
United States 2 ...........................................
Other ...........................................................
R6,542
R551
R6,612
R6,823
R575
R6,703
R563
372
R5,619
1
568
364
R5,679
1
383
R5,864
1
380
R5,759
1
R6,756
R569
R385
R5,801
R6,841
R598
R390
R5,851
R6,966
R613
R386
R5,965
R7,029
R625
R414
R5,988
R6,941
R600
R432
R5,908
7,047
589
454
6,003
1

Argentina ....................................................
Brazil ...........................................................
Venezuela ...................................................
Other ...........................................................
975
136
R324
142
372
984
140
336
133
374
993
138
345
134
375
R1,015
R1,007
121
347
147
R392
1,066
141
356
143
426
R1,110
128
349
149
389
1,023
134
346
134
R409
R1,150
R157
R384
R150
R459
1,193
167
397
172
457
Europe 3 .......................................................
Belgium .......................................................
France ........................................................
Germany .....................................................
Italy .............................................................
Netherlands ................................................
Poland ........................................................
Romania .....................................................
Spain ..........................................................
Turkey .........................................................
United Kingdom ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
R4,464
R4,409
R4,507
R142
R4,648
R4,692
R4,693
143
404
R842
441
239
329
91
R299
182
R558
R880
R4,476
R148
R4,532
151
410
R873
441
242
316
101
R276
R185
R563
R906
151
409
R875
R473
261
R287
100
R350
207
R574
R962
154
R411
R871
470
R270
R294
R101
371
211
R585
R955
151
414
R851
473
R272
290
R100
384
R232
585
R943
R4,733
R143
R417
R854
4,707
143
402
835
461
281
298
103
383
281
564
956
Eurasia 4 ......................................................
Kazakhstan .................................................
Russia .........................................................
Ukraine .......................................................
Uzbekistan ..................................................
Other ..........................................................
R2,217
116
R1,465
333
102
201
R2,429
R148
R1,605
R2,488
R166
R1,643
R346
R2,506
R168
R1,636
R355
R2,554
R183
R1,680
R335
R236
2,552
179
1,649
359
122
242
Middle East ................................................

Iran ...........................................................
Saudi Arabia ...............................................
Other
......................................................
R1,020
R1,502
R476
R406
R620
1,573
491
434
648
Africa ..........................................................
Egypt ..........................................................
South Africa ................................................
Other ..........................................................
R859
R1,067
R153
R448
R466
1,101
160
464
477
11,700
422
6,247
1,386
402
1,263
157
516
308
248
752
29,873
Region and Country
Asia and Oceania .....................................

Australia ......................................................
China ..........................................................
India ............................................................
Indonesia ....................................................
Japan ..........................................................
Malaysia .....................................................
South Korea ................................................
Taiwan ........................................................
Thailand ......................................................
Other ..........................................................
World
.........................................................
295
258
467
115
R368
376
R7,001
R339
R2,991
R912
241
1,116
103
R382
225
R163
R528
R23,079
402
R858
448
R251
295
R94
R318
R203
R562
R897
146
406
R879
445
278
R278
102
R323
R185
R574
R915
R2,298
R2,333
R2,287
133
R1,540
R327
103
195
143
R1,560
R326
106
197
148
R1,527
R318
111
184
1,057
317
264
R476
1,094
321
291
483
R876
R118
R380
R379
R120
R390
R382
892
R7,155
R357
R2,909
R969
R265
R1,160
107
R425
R226
R172
R566
R23,391
R7,266
R358
R2,872
R1,010
R267
R1,205
R118
R440
R257
402
R859
R452
259
276
100
R341
195
R563
R916
R2,329
R151
R1,550
R326
357
115
152
R370
150
R437
114
188
R205
R211
122
117
231
R1,120
R1,177
R1,243
R1,333
R1,448
334
301
R484
365
312
R501
387
347
R508
407
389
R538
446
406
R597
R921
R129
R398
R923
R133
R384
R973
R143
R417
R1,021
R1,056
153
R446
R422
161
R436
R459
R10,054
R388
R5,132
R1,132
R309
R1,261
R151
R488
R10,629
R411
R5,558
R1,189
R332
R1,246
R152
R496
394
405
413
R7,459
R372
R2,992
R1,033
R273
R8,060
R377
R3,492
R1,023
R289
R1,204
R136
R469
R8,815
R377
R4,102
R1,037
R295
R1,254
R145
162
578
1,197
R124
452
249
172
594
R23,877
R24,038
1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by
12/44.
2 Data for the United States differ from those in Table 12.1 because U.S. data in this table include
emissions from bunker fuels consumption; exclude emissions from geothermal power generation, cement
production and other industrial processes, and municipal solid waste combustion; and exclude data for the
U.S. Territories.
274
187
R608
478
290
206
R631
R24,758
R25,972
468
R276
R301
R102
R377
R252
R587
R956
121
R682
R242
R712
R11,093
R415
R5,862
R1,289
R362
R1,244
R155
R486
R299
R238
R745
R27,620
R28,471
R29,041
287
226
290

Notes:
Data
in
this
table
do
not
include
recent
updates
(see
http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). Data include carbon dioxide emissions from
fossil-fuel energy consumption and natural gas flaring. See Note 2, "World Carbon Dioxide Emissions,"
343
Note 1. World Primary Energy Production. World primary energy production
includes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plant
liquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric
power, hydroelectric power, biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave,
and wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy. Crude oil
production is measured at the wellhead and includes lease condensate. Natural gas
plant liquids are products obtained from processing natural gas at natural gas processing plants, including natural gas plants, cycling plants, and fractionators. Dry
natural gas production is that amount of natural gas produced that is available to be
marketed and consumed as a gas. Coal (anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous
coal, and lignite) production is the sum of sales, mine consumption, issues to
miners, and issues to coking, briquetting, and other ancillary plants at mines. Coal
production data include quantities extracted from surface and underground mines
and normally exclude wastes removed at mines or associated preparation plants.
The data on generation of electricity from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric
344
power, biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, and wind include data
reported on a net basis, thus excluding electricity that is generally used by the electric power plant for its own operating purposes or electricity losses in the transformers that are considered integral parts of the station.
Note 2. World Carbon Dioxide Emissions. In Table 11.19, data for carbon dioxide emissions include anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions from the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and also from natural gas flaring. (They do
not include carbon dioxide emissions from geothermal power generation, cement
production and other industrial processes, and municipal solid waste combustion.)
Petroleum consumption statistics for each country have been reduced to account for
the fraction of sequestration of non-fuel uses. Carbon dioxide emissions have been
determined by applying carbon emission coefficients to the consumption and flaring
data. Carbon emission coefficients for petroleum, natural gas, and coal consumption
and natural gas flaring are from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2006
(October 2008), Tables 6.1 and 6.2.
12
Environment
Harpers Ferry, Junction of the Rivers Shenandoah and Potomac. Engraving by W. Goodacre and James Archer, published in The History
and Topography of the United States of North America, by John Howard Hinton, 1852. From the collection of the National Park Service,
Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Accession #1297.
Figure 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

Based on Global Warming Potential, by Type of Gas, 2008
Billion Metric Tons of Gas
5.84
5
4
3
2
1
0
Carbon Dioxide
0.03
(s)
--
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
7
5.84
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.74
0.30
0.18
Nitrous Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
0
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Change 1990-2008, Based on Global Warming Potential

90
Total
75
Carbon Dioxide
60
+73
45
Percent
Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
Based on Global Warming Potential, 1990-2008
Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
By Type of Gas, 2008
30
15
+16
0
Other
-6
-15
0
1990
-30
1995
2000
2005
1
2
Methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6.
(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.
- - = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.
346
+14
+8
Carbon
Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous
Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
Total
Notes: HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbons; and SF6=sulfur hexafluoride.

Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for comparison, see emissions based on
global warming potential by type of gas.
Source: Table 12.1.
Table 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2008

Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Warming Potential 1
Greenhouse Gases
Carbon Dioxide 2,3
Energy
Related 4
U.S.
Territories 5
Bunker
Fuels 6
Year
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Other
Sources 7
Total
Methane
Nitrous
Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
Carbon
Dioxide 2
32
36
36
38
41
39
38
39
41
41
43
54
53
57
61
58
58
55
48
-114
-121
-111
-100
-99
-102
-103
-111
-116
-108
-104
-100
-92
-86
-105
-107
-129
-130
-127
85
86
88
94
97
102
104
104
96
97
98
97
98
99
102
103
106
106
104
R5,022
31.3
R0.9
R4,976
R31.2
R1.0
R5,083
R31.4
R1.0
R5,203
R30.4
R1.0
R5,290
R30.5
R1.1
R5,342
R30.2
R1.0
R5,526
R29.3
R1.0
R5,595
29.2
R27.8
27.6
R27.3
R26.7
R26.9
R27.3
R27.5
R27.7
R28.3
R28.9
29.5
R1.0
R5,627
R5,695
R5,886
R5,797
R5,849
R5,905
R6,009
R6,028
R5,929
R6,020
5,835
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
Total
Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent 2
Million Metric Tons of Gas

5,020
4,975
5,069
5,172
5,251
5,302
5,488
5,562
5,605
5,665
5,850
5,745
5,790
5,835
5,952
5,973
5,894
5,990
5,810
Methane
Nitrous
Oxide
1 Emissions of greenhouse gases are weighted based upon their relative global warming potential
(GWP), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one. See "Global Warming Potential" in Glossary.
12/44.
3 Carbon dioxide data in this table differ from those for the United States in Table 11.19 because data in
this table: include emissions from electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste;
include emissions from the U.S. Territories; include emissions from cement manufacture, limestone
consumption, natural gas production, and other sources; and exclude emissions from bunker fuels.
4 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: fossil fuel combustion; the nonfuel use of fossil fuels; and electric
power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. Geographic coverage is the 50 States
and the District of Columbia.
5 U.S. Territories energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Geographic coverage is American Samoa,
Guam, Puerto Rico, U.S. Pacific Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. According to the "United
Nations Framework on Climate Change" (UNFCC), emissions from the U.S. Territories are included in the
U.S. inventory.
6 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from bunker fuels (marine, aviation, and military). According to the
UNFCC, emissions from bunker fuels are excluded from the U.S. inventory.
7 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: cement manufacture; limestone consumption; flaring of natural
gas at the wellhead, and carbon dioxide scrubbed from natural gas; soda ash manufacture and
consumption; carbon dioxide manufacture; aluminum manufacture; shale oil production; and waste
R1.0
R1.0
R1.0
R1.0
R1.0
R.9
R1.0
R1.0
R1.0
R1.0
1.0
R5,022
R784
R279
R102
R6,187
R4,976
R781
R288
R93
R6,138
R5,083
R785
R293
R98
R6,258
R5,203
R760
R293
R97
R6,353
R5,290
R763
R314
R100
R6,466
R5,342
R756
R306
R119
R6,522
R5,526
R731
R308
R130
R6,695
R5,595
R729
R298
R137
R6,759
R5,627
R696
R297
R152
R6,772
R5,695
R690
R294
R149
R6,829
R5,886
R683
R290
R151
R7,010
R5,797
R669
R286
R138
R6,888
R5,849
R673
R284
R148
R6,954
R5,905
R682
R283
R142
R7,012
R6,009
R687
R302
R154
R7,151
R6,028
R692
R304
R158
R7,182
R5,929
R706
R305
R161
R7,101
R6,020
R723
R300
R170
R7,213
5,835
737
300
176
7,049
combustion in the commercial and industrial sectors.

R=Revised. = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.
Notes: HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluorocarbons; and SF6 = sulfur hexafluoride.
Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of human
activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from natural
sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. Because of the continuing goal to improve
estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with
the latest findings of the international scientific community. Revisions reflect updates to GWP estimates, as
well as to energy consumption data and updated emission factors, where applicable. For information on
units for measuring greenhouse gases, see http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/pdf/0573(2008).pdf, page
12, box titled "Units for Measuring Greenhouse Gases." See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide
Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment.html.
Sources: Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide: Table 12.2. Total Carbon Dioxide (columns 5 and 9):
Calculated as the sum of columns 1-4. Methane (column 6): Table 12.5. Nitrous Oxide (column 7):
Table 12.6. Total Greenhouse Gases: Calculated as the sum of columns 9-12. All Other Data: U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2008
(December 2009), Tables 1, 14, and 15.
347
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

Total (All Sectors), 1949-2009
Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1949-2009

800
6
600
5
4
2009: 5.4
Billion Metric
Tons
1990: 5.0
Billion Metric
Tons
Index 1949=100
400
Energy-Related
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
200
1
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1950
2000
By End-Use Sector, 1949-2009
1970
1980
1990
2000
1.8
Industrial
1.2
Residential
Commercial
0.6
0.0
2.4
Transportation
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.6
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1
2
Based on chained (2005) dollars.
348
1960
By End-Use Sector, 2009
2.4
Real
Gross Domestic Product
Transportation
Industrial
Residential
Commercial
Electric power sector emissions are allocated to end-use sectors in proportion to each
sectors share of total electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9 and 12.2).
Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Total (All Sectors) and Electric Power Sector,
Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1)
Total (All Sectors)
Year
Coal2
Natural
Gas3
Petroleum 4
Total 5
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1,118
1,152
1,038
915
1,075
1,134
1,076
1,121
1,207
1,185
1,181
1,266
1,300
1,298
1,410
1,436
1,485
1,433
1,488
1,598
1,638
1,617
1,691
1,775
1,795
1,803
1,788
1,802
1,870
1,881
1,900
1,982
2,027
2,050
2,046
2,138
2,074
2,077
2,116
2,140
2,161
2,130
2,155
2,122
1,867
270
313
472
650
828
1,144
1,180
1,192
1,181
1,140
1,047
1,068
1,046
1,050
1,085
1,063
1,036
963
901
962
926
866
920
962
1,022
1,025
1,047
1,082
1,110
1,134
1,184
1,205
1,211
1,189
1,192
1,241
1,187
1,229
1,191
1,194
1,175
1,157
1,235
1,241
1,221
820
918
1,175
1,349
1,559
1,983
2,056
2,219
2,346
2,248
2,209
2,372
2,500
2,548
2,469
2,272
2,122
2,011
1,995
2,053
2,035
2,125
2,152
2,246
2,246
2,186
2,133
2,176
2,184
2,226
2,208
2,290
2,313
2,356
2,417
2,461
2,473
2,470
2,517
2,605
2,626
2,595
2,588
2,435
2,306
2,207
2,382
2,685
2,914
3,462
4,261
4,312
4,532
4,733
4,574
4,437
4,705
4,846
4,896
4,964
4,770
4,642
4,406
4,383
4,613
4,600
4,608
4,764
4,982
5,067
5,020
4,975
5,069
5,172
5,251
5,302
5,488
5,562
5,605
5,665
5,850
5,745
5,790
5,835
5,952
5,973
5,894
5,990
5,810
5,405
187
206
324
396
546
678
684
732
812
800
824
911
962
960
1,056
1,137
1,180
1,182
1,242
1,318
1,367
1,357
1,427
1,492
1,519
1,531
1,531
1,551
1,621
1,628
1,649
1,740
1,785
1,815
1,821
1,911
1,856
1,872
1,911
1,923
1,964
1,938
1,971
1,943
1,733
12/44.
2 Includes coal coke net imports.
3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
4 Petroleum, excluding biofuels.
5 Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste.
6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.
P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
Notes: Data are estimates. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. See Note, "Accounting for
Natural
Gas3
30
35
63
95
127
215
217
217
199
187
172
167
174
175
192
200
198
176
158
170
166
142
155
143
168
176
179
186
188
211
228
205
219
248
260
281
290
306
278
297
319
338
372
362
373
Petroleum 4
33
37
37
43
57
166
196
243
276
264
248
273
306
313
258
207
173
123
121
101
86
114
99
123
134
102
95
79
90
84
61
66
75
105
97
91
102
79
98
100
102
56
55
40
34
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Non-Biomass
Waste 6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
6
7
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
13
11
11
11
12
11
12
12
Total
250
278
424
535
730
1,059
1,098
1,192
1,286
1,251
1,244
1,351
1,442
1,448
1,505
1,544
1,551
1,481
1,521
1,588
1,619
1,613
1,680
1,758
1,826
1,815
1,812
1,825
1,907
1,933
1,948
2,020
2,090
2,178
2,189
2,294
2,259
2,271
2,299
2,331
2,397
2,344
2,409
2,357
2,152
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/aer/envir.html. For current data,
see http://www.eia.gov/mer/environ.html.
See http://www.eia.gov/environment.html for related

information.
Sources: 1949-1972U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on data in
Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b-2.1f, 5.12, 5.14c, 7.3, 7.7, and A5. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly
Energy Review (June 2010), Tables 12.1 and 12.6.
349
Figure 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009
Residential, by Major Source
Commercial, by Major Source

1,000
Retail Electricity
750
500
Natural Gas
250
Petroleum
Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide
1,000
Retail Electricity
500
250
Natural Gas
Petroleum
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Industrial, by Major Source
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Transportation, by Major Source

2,500
750
Retail Electricity
Natural Gas
500
Petroleum
250
Coal
1,000
750
2,000
Petroleum
1,500
1,000
500
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1
Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are allocated to the enduse sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9
and 12.2).
350
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2
3
Includes coal coke net imports.
Source: Table 12.3.
Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1)
Residential
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
121
120
83
56
34
20
16
11
9
8
6
6
5
5
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Natural
Gas 2
55
66
117
170
214
265
272
279
264
260
266
273
261
264
268
256
245
250
238
247
241
234
234
251
260
238
248
255
269
263
263
284
270
247
257
271
259
266
276
264
262
237
257
265
259
Petroleum 3
80
96
129
162
177
195
197
205
198
180
175
191
189
184
149
123
108
101
94
108
110
108
114
118
117
97
96
98
100
98
95
102
98
89
100
106
105
99
104
104
99
83
85
83
80
Commercial
Retail
Electricity 4
66
69
110
156
223
355
373
402
435
424
419
442
478
484
496
529
522
518
531
542
553
558
581
609
625
618
627
618
663
664
674
705
715
754
757
799
800
829
840
849
890
863
891
871
820
Total
Coal
322
351
438
545
647
835
859
898
906
872
866
912
933
937
917
911
877
872
866
901
907
904
933
981
1,004
957
973
974
1,034
1,027
1,034
1,093
1,084
1,091
1,114
1,177
1,165
1,195
1,221
1,219
1,252
1,184
1,234
1,220
1,159
148
147
76
39
25
16
17
15
15
17
14
14
14
16
14
11
13
15
15
16
13
13
12
12
11
12
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
9
10
9
9
9
8
10
9
6
7
7
6
Natural
Gas 2
19
21
35
56
79
131
137
142
141
139
136
144
135
140
150
141
136
141
132
137
132
126
132
145
148
142
148
152
155
157
164
171
174
164
165
173
164
171
173
170
163
154
164
170
169
Petroleum 3
55
65
81
92
104
116
113
114
119
108
99
111
115
110
101
98
83
77
85
90
79
85
83
80
76
72
68
65
59
60
56
57
53
50
50
57
56
51
59
58
54
47
46
46
43
Industrial
Retail
Electricity 4
58
63
88
124
177
268
282
308
334
323
333
358
380
381
395
412
431
432
439
461
480
487
509
534
559
561
561
561
590
601
616
639
682
719
729
777
792
789
789
809
835
830
855
844
796
Total
280
296
280
311
385
531
549
579
609
586
583
627
645
647
661
662
662
664
671
704
704
710
735
772
794
787
788
790
815
830
847
878
922
942
955
1,016
1,022
1,020
1,029
1,046
1,062
1,037
1,072
1,066
1,014
12/44.
2 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
3 Petroleum, excluding biofuels.
4 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the
electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
electricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 12.2.
5 Includes coal coke net imports.
6 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial
sector consumption.
Coal
499
532
515
417
469
420
358
363
370
361
337
335
318
318
336
285
288
233
228
261
254
243
249
267
263
257
244
237
235
240
238
229
228
225
214
217
207
195
196
206
187
185
177
172
127
Natural
Gas 2
166
184
244
310
380
494
512
512
538
518
442
453
447
442
442
431
422
364
347
380
360
338
371
389
411
432
439
456
464
465
490
506
506
495
474
481
439
449
430
432
398
394
407
407
383
Petroleum 3
Transportation
Retail
Electricity 4
209
239
299
328
374
411
414
452
480
453
429
475
515
508
541
481
410
391
364
396
370
374
370
382
366
367
344
382
361
373
357
383
388
370
381
373
398
390
397
421
419
432
417
378
339
120
140
222
252
328
434
440
479
515
502
490
549
582
580
612
601
597
529
549
582
583
566
587
611
638
633
621
642
651
664
655
673
690
701
699
713
663
649
666
669
667
646
658
637
531
Total
Coal
994
1,094
1,280
1,307
1,552
1,760
1,724
1,805
1,903
1,834
1,697
1,813
1,861
1,848
1,932
1,798
1,717
1,516
1,487
1,618
1,567
1,522
1,576
1,650
1,679
1,690
1,647
1,718
1,712
1,742
1,740
1,792
1,812
1,792
1,768
1,785
1,707
1,683
1,689
1,728
1,671
1,658
1,658
1,594
1,381
161
146
39
7
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
Natural
Gas 2
NA
7
13
19
27
40
41
42
39
36
32
30
29
29
32
34
35
32
27
29
28
26
28
34
34
36
33
32
34
38
38
39
41
35
36
36
35
37
33
32
33
33
35
37
36
Petroleum 3
443
481
630
723
847
1,093
1,137
1,205
1,273
1,242
1,258
1,322
1,375
1,433
1,419
1,363
1,348
1,319
1,330
1,358
1,391
1,442
1,487
1,542
1,553
1,548
1,530
1,553
1,573
1,611
1,640
1,683
1,699
1,741
1,789
1,833
1,813
1,850
1,859
1,922
1,951
1,976
1,985
1,889
1,810
Retail
Electricity 4
6
6
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
Total
611
640
687
752
878
1,136
1,180
1,250
1,315
1,281
1,291
1,354
1,406
1,463
1,454
1,400
1,385
1,354
1,359
1,390
1,421
1,472
1,519
1,579
1,591
1,587
1,566
1,588
1,611
1,652
1,682
1,725
1,744
1,780
1,828
1,873
1,851
1,891
1,897
1,959
1,989
2,014
2,025
1,930
1,851
P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
Notes: Data are estimates. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon
Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/aer/envir.html. For current data,
see http://www.eia.gov/mer/environ.html. See http://www.eia.gov/environment.html for related information.
Sources: 1949-1972U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on data in Annual
Energy Review Tables 2.1b-2.1f, 5.14a-c, 7.3, 7.7, and A5. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy Review
(June 2010), Tables 12.2-12.5.
351
Figure 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing
Sector, 2002
Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Top Industry Groups
Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Energy Source
350
311
300
326
(23%)
305
Natural Gas
250
213
Electricity
200
541
(39%)
150
Petroleum
102
100
95
91
258
46
50
(18%)
44
Coal
Other
74
0
Chemicals Petroleum
and Coal
Products
Primary
Metals
Paper
Food
Nonmetallic TransporPlastics
Mineral
tation
and Rubber
Products Equipment Products
(5%)
203
(14%)
Total Emissions:
1,401 million metric tons carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Unit of Primary Consumption, Top Industry Groups
Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide
Emissions per Quadrillion Btu
80
68.9
All Manufacturing Industries: 49.6
68.2
62.6
62.3
62.1
61.6
60
61.2
61.1
60.8
60.7
60.4
60.1
59.7
59.6
56.2
54.1
53.7
40
20
0
Primary
Metals
Nonmetallic
Mineral
Products
Plastics
and
Rubber
Products
Computer
and
Electronic
Products
Textile
Product
Mills
Fabricated
Metal
Products
Printing
and
Related
Support
Textile
Mills
1
2
All other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.
352
Machinery
Miscellaneous
Beverage
and
Tobacco
Products
Food
Apparel
TransFurniture
and
portation
Related
Equipment
Products
Leather
Electrical
Equipment,
and
Appliances,
Allied
and
Products
Components
From energy inputs used to produce electricity, including associated losses.

Source: Table 12.4.
Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide,1 Except as Noted)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
NAICS 2
Code
Coal
Major Group
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Electricity 3
Other 4
Total
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
per Unit of
Primary
Consumption 5
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
per Real
Dollar of
Shipments 6
311
312
313
314
315
316
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
339
Food .................................................................................
Beverage and Tobacco Products .....................................
Textile Mills .......................................................................
Textile Product Mills .........................................................
Apparel .............................................................................
Leather and Allied Products .............................................
Wood Products .................................................................
Paper ................................................................................
Printing and Related Support ...........................................
Petroleum and Coal Products ...........................................
Chemicals .........................................................................
Plastics and Rubber Products ..........................................
Nonmetallic Mineral Products ...........................................
Primary Metals ..................................................................
Fabricated Metal Products ................................................
Machinery .........................................................................
Computer and Electronic Products ...................................
Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........
Transportation Equipment ................................................
Furniture and Related Products ........................................
Miscellaneous ...................................................................
17.3
1.6
2.1
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.1
22.5
0.0
19.3
32.8
2.1
30.1
72.4
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.1
0.0
30.7
2.4
4.0
1.5
0.8
0.2
3.0
26.6
2.4
46.4
106.2
6.8
22.3
37.2
11.1
4.3
3.4
2.8
10.7
1.3
1.7
2.9
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.2
10.0
0.1
153.9
70.2
0.9
11.4
2.4
0.9
0.4
0.2
0.1
1.2
0.1
0.1
43.8
4.9
16.4
3.2
2.3
0.4
13.7
42.4
9.5
24.6
99.4
34.5
26.8
93.8
30.6
16.0
24.9
8.9
32.7
4.6
6.7
0.1
(s)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.0
60.8
2.4
(s)
0.4
7.0
0.0
(s)
(s)
2.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
94.7
9.4
23.0
5.8
3.2
0.6
18.4
102.4
12.0
304.8
311.0
44.2
91.1
212.8
43.4
20.8
28.5
14.2
45.7
6.3
8.5
60.1
60.4
61.1
62.1
59.7
54.1
35.6
36.6
61.2
43.2
41.5
62.6
68.2
68.9
61.6
60.8
62.3
53.7
59.6
56.2
60.7
215.2
93.1
518.3
170.7
59.3
59.1
205.7
661.3
125.9
1,301.1
738.1
249.4
1,046.0
1,511.1
173.4
82.3
59.9
135.3
74.1
91.5
71.7
Total Manufacturing ..........................................................
202.8
325.9
257.6
540.7
74.2
1,401.2
49.6
352.7
12/44.
2 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
3 Carbon dioxide emitted from energy inputs used to produce electricity (including associated losses),
derived by calculating the manufacturing subsector share of the electric power sectors total carbon dioxide
emissions based upon the weighted share of electricity retail sales to (receipts by) the manufacturing
subsector.
4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as
asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha < 401 F, other oils >= 401 F, special naphthas, waxes, and
miscellaneous nonfuel products, which are nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry
group (NAICS 324110).
5 Data are in million metric tons of carbon dioxide per quadrillion Btu of energy (including allocated
electricity losses).
6 Data are in metric tons of carbon dioxide per million chained (2000) dollars.
(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.
Notes: Data for this table from the "2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey" were not
available in time for publication. Data are estimates for the first use of energy for heat and power and as
feedstocks or raw material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that was originally produced
offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Minor revisions to the 2002
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) consumption data have been made since the
estimates in this table have been computed. The revisions would likely not have a discernible effect on the
estimates shown. Electricity was converted from point-of-use to primary electricity using Table A6 of this
report. See Table 2.2 for manufacturing energy use. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide
Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources:
Consumption Survey," Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" (for 2002), and Documentation for
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2003 (May 2005).
353
Figure 12.5 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2008
By Source, 2008
15
30
31.3 in
1990
20
29.5 in
2008
10
0
1980
40
1985
1990
1995
2000
9.0
8.5
2005
0.2
Energy
Agricultural
Waste
Industrial
Sources
Sources
Management
Processes
Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2008

8
Natural Gas Systems
4
Coal Mining
Stationary
Combustion4
Mobile
Combustion5
Petroleum Systems
8
10
Energy Sources by Type 1980-2008
11.8
Enteric Fermentation6
Animal Waste
2
Rice Cultivation
0
1980
1
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

Natural gas production, processing, and distribution.
3
Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.
4
Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
2
354
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport.
Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and
swine.
Source: Table 12.5.
6
Table 12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2008

(Million Metric Tons of Methane)
Energy Sources
Year
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Coal
Mining
Natural
Gas
Systems 1
R3.06
R4.26
R2.81
R4.87
3.23
3.02
R3.61
R3.89
3.73
4.01
R3.94
3.96
4.26
4.09
4.05
3.39
3.51
3.65
3.20
3.48
2.87
3.11
R2.96
2.96
2.79
R2.79
R2.93
2.81
R2.85
2.84
3.28
R4.90
R4.86
R4.96
R5.01
R4.89
R4.99
R5.14
R5.30
5.62
5.84
5.90
5.89
5.90
6.00
6.02
6.29
6.27
6.28
6.58
6.40
6.71
6.67
R6.74
6.72
R6.81
7.06
7.15
Petroleum
Systems 2
Mobile
Combustion 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.30
1.31
R1.26
1.21
R1.17
1.17
R1.14
R1.14
1.11
R1.04
R1.03
1.03
1.02
1.01
R.96
R.92
R.91
R.90
.88
0.28
.27
.27
.27
.27
.26
.26
.25
.25
.25
.24
.24
.23
.23
.22
R.22
R.22
R.22
R.21
R.21
.20
R.20
R.20
R.20
R.20
R.19
R.19
R.19
.19
Waste Management
Stationary
Combustion 4
Total
Landfills
R0.45
R8.04
R10.52
R.45
R8.39
R10.69
R.46
R8.86
R10.64
R.46
R8.62
R10.67
R.48
R9.31
R10.68
R.48
R9.64
R10.65
R.45
R9.34
R10.53
R.43
R9.70
R10.63
R.46
R9.79
R10.52
R.48
R9.99
R10.44
R.37
R11.78
R10.41
R.37
R11.84
R10.12
R.38
R11.83
R9.99
R.36
R11.08
R9.75
R.35
R11.17
R9.46
R.35
R11.39
R8.88
R.36
R10.95
R8.45
R.33
R11.47
R7.81
R.30
R10.77
R7.19
R.31
R10.96
R6.78
R.33
R11.11
R6.49
R.30
R10.89
R6.19
R.30
R11.02
R6.22
R.31
R10.98
R6.53
R.32
R11.15
R6.51
R.32
R10.97
R6.67
R.30
R11.07
R7.01
R.31
R11.31
R7.38
.32
11.83
7.37
Wastewater
Treatment 6
0.52
.53
.54
.54
.66
.67
R.67
.68
.69
.70
R.91
R.93
R.95
R.96
R.98
R1.00
R1.01
R1.02
R1.03
R1.05
R1.05
R1.05
R1.06
R1.06
R1.07
R1.08
R1.10
R1.11
1.11
1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution; processing is not included in 1980 and is
incompletely covered in 1981-1989.
2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.
3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport.
4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
5 See notes on components for specific coverage, which is inconsistent prior to 1990 in some cases.
6 1980-1983, domestic wastewater only; 1984 forward, industrial and domestic wastewater.
7 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and swine.
8 Estimation methods for 1990 forward reflect a shift in waste management away from liquid systems to
dry-lot systems, thus lowering emissions.
9 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.
Notes: Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of
Agricultural Sources
Total
R11.04
R11.22
R11.17
R11.21
R11.34
R11.32
R11.21
R11.31
R11.21
R11.13
R11.32
R11.05
R10.94
R10.71
R10.44
R9.87
R9.45
R8.83
R8.22
R7.83
R7.54
R7.23
R7.28
R7.59
R7.58
R7.75
R8.10
R8.48
8.48
Enteric
Fermentation 7
5.47
5.56
5.50
5.46
5.33
5.27
5.13
5.08
5.10
5.08
R5.81
R5.81
R6.01
R5.97
R6.11
R6.20
R6.10
R5.94
R5.86
R5.84
R5.76
R5.69
R5.70
R5.76
R5.72
R5.82
R5.90
R5.92
5.94
Animal
Waste 8
R2.92
R2.79
R2.70
R2.75
R2.68
R2.68
R2.62
R2.66
R2.67
R2.54
R1.80
R1.90
R1.92
R1.98
R2.05
R2.07
R2.07
R2.19
R2.23
R2.19
R2.19
R2.21
R2.23
R2.25
R2.26
2.42
R2.53
R2.53
2.58
Rice
Cultivation
Crop
Residue
Burning
0.48
.54
.47
.31
.40
.36
.34
.33
.41
.38
.40
.40
.45
.41
.48
.44
.41
.45
.47
.50
.44
.47
.44
.43
.47
.46
.39
.39
.42
0.04
.05
.05
.03
.04
R.04
.04
.04
.03
.04
.04
.04
R.04
.04
.05
.04
R.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
R.04
.05
R.05
.05
.05
R.05
.05
Total 5
Industrial
Processes 9
R8.91
R0.17
R28.17
R8.94
R.18
R28.73
R8.71
R.13
R28.89
R8.56
R.15
R28.55
R8.45
R.17
R29.27
R8.35
R.16
R29.47
R8.13
R.16
R28.84
R8.11
R.17
R29.29
R8.21
R.19
R29.40
R8.04
R.18
R29.35
R8.06
R.18
R31.34
R8.14
R.19
R31.22
R8.43
R.19
R31.40
R8.40
R.20
R30.39
R8.69
R.21
R30.51
R8.76
R.22
R30.25
R8.62
R.23
R29.25
R8.63
R.24
R29.17
R8.60
R.24
R27.83
R8.58
R.25
R27.61
R8.44
R.23
R27.32
R8.41
R.20
R26.74
R8.42
R.21
R26.93
R8.48
R.21
R27.26
R8.50
R.23
R27.46
R8.75
R.20
R27.67
R8.87
R.21
R28.25
R8.90
R.21
R28.91
9.00
.19
29.50
Total 5
human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from
natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. Under certain conditions, methane
may be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic materials in landfills, animal wastes, and rice
paddies. Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are
frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latest findings of the international scientific
community.
For information on units for measuring greenhouse gases, see

http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/index.html, Table 4, titled "Greenhouse Gases and 100-Year Net Global
Warming Potentials. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United
States 2008 (December 2009), Tables 16-20; and EIA, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting,
estimates.
355
Figure 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980-2008
By Source, 2008
800
1.2
0.9
1.0 in
2008
0.9 in
1990
0.6
0.3
0.0
1980
Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
1.5
1985
1990
1995
2000
214
200
51
11
Agricultural
Sources
Energy
Sources
Industrial
Processes
Waste
Management
Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2008

800
400
2005
250
Mobile Combustion
200
150
100
Stationary Combustion
50
1985
1990
1995
2000
600
Nitrogen Fertilization of Soils
400
Solid Waste of Domesticated Animals
200
0
1980
2005
1
Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics) and nitric
acid production (primarily for fertilizers).
2
Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and
construction equipment.
356
600
Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2008
0
1980
731
1985
1990
1995
2000
Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
Source: Table 12.6.
2005
Table 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2008

(Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)
Energy Sources
Year
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Mobile
Combustion 1
60
63
67
71
86
98
107
120
138
146
126
147
153
159
165
R188
R194
R191
R195
R193
R185
R182
R186
R187
R187
R178
R173
R172
164
Stationary
Combustion 2
Waste Management
Total
Waste
Combustion
Human
Sewage in
Wastewater
Agricultural Sources
Total
Nitrogen
Fertilization
of Soils
R44
R104
R1
R6
R7
R384
R44
R106
R1
R7
R7
R400
R42
R108
R1
R7
R7
R384
R43
R114
R1
R7
R7
R339
R45
R132
R1
R7
R7
R386
R46
R143
R1
R7
R8
R497
R45
R152
R1
R7
R8
R479
R46
R166
R7
R8
R466
R48
R185
R8
R8
R424
R49
R194
R8
R8
R467
R47
R173
R8
R9
R479
R46
R193
R8
R9
R483
R47
R200
R8
R9
R496
R48
R207
R8
R9
R483
R48
R214
R9
R10
R532
R49
R236
R9
R10
R481
R51
R245
R9
R10
R475
R51
R242
R9
R10
R492
R51
R246
R9
R10
R502
R51
R244
R9
R10
R498
R53
R238
R9
R10
R491
R51
R233
R10
R11
R491
R51
R236
R10
R11
R479
R51
R238
R10
R11
R481
R52
R239
R10
R11
R545
R53
R231
R10
R11
R556
R52
R225
R10
R11
R564
R52
R224
R10
R11
R540
51
214
1
1
R1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
11
554
1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and
construction equipment.
2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid
production (primarily for fertilizers).
R=Revised.
Notes: Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of
human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from
natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. Because of the continuing goal to
Crop
Residue
Burning
Solid Waste
of Domesticated
Animals
Total
R219
R605
R221
R623
R221
R606
R221
R561
R217
R604
R211
R710
R205
R685
R200
R667
R197
R622
R193
R661
R178
R659
R179
R664
R181
R679
R182
R666
R184
R718
R186
R669
R184
R661
R181
R675
R178
R682
R177
R677
R176
R668
R174
R667
R173
R654
R172
R655
R171
R718
R174
R731
R175
R741
R175
R718
175
731
1
2
2
1
R1
2
R1
1
1
R1
R1
R1
2
1
2
R1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Industrial
Processes 3
88
85
81
80
88
89
87
91
96
99
96
99
95
100
110
111
116
74
58
57
56
47
51
46
46
47
47
R53
51
Total
R804
R821
R803
R762
R831
R950
R933
R932
R912
R963
R937
R966
R983
R983
R1,052
R1,025
R1,032
R1,000
R996
R988
R973
R958
R952
R950
R1,014
R1,020
R1,024
R1,006
1,008
improve estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an annual basis in
keeping with the latest findings of the international scientific community. For information on units for
measuring greenhouse gases, see http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/index.html, Table 4, titled
"Greenhouse Gases and 100-Year Net Global Warming Potentials. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United
States 2008 (December 2009), Table 21; and EIA, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, estimates.
357
Figure 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
Emissions by Type of Generating Unit, 2008

Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Coal
Nitrogen Oxides
7.4
1,995
Natural Gas
(s)
420
Petroleum
0.4
0.3
48
0.1
0.2
Other 15
0
2.7
600
1,200
1,800
2,400
0.2
10
Emissions by Sector, 1989-2008

Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
10
18
2.8
Electric
Power Sector
1.4
0.7
Industrial Sector
0.0
Total2
12
Electric
Power Sector
6
Industrial Sector
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
8
Total2
6
Electric
Power Sector
4
2
Industrial Sector
0
1990
1995
For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources; tire-derived fuel, and
geothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides: blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other
manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels; wood and wood-derived fuels;
municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other
biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.
358
2.1
Billion Metric Tons of Gas
Total2
2000
2005
Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008 (Sum of Tables 12.7b and 12.7c; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)
Carbon Dioxide 1
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Coal
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum
Sulfur Dioxide
Geothermal 5
NonBiomass
Waste 6
Total
R1,569,402
R218,378
R145,387
R363
R5,587
R1,939,117
R1,588,113
R233,846
R119,570
R384
R7,485
R1,949,397
R1,587,870
R238,078
R111,344
R398
R8,442
R1,946,131
R1,612,632
R248,143
R96,633
R400
R10,047
R1,967,855
R1,682,814
R250,405
R108,196
R415
R10,396
R2,052,225
R1,692,462
R276,301
R102,854
R384
R11,164
R2,083,165
R1,715,103
R298,601
R77,050
R329
R11,964
R2,103,048
R1,806,730
R277,856
R84,045
R360
R12,697
R2,181,688
R1,853,405
R293,139
R93,554
R374
R13,311
R2,253,783
R1,881,697
R327,456
R123,659
R375
R12,774
R2,345,962
R1,888,460
R343,090
R115,882
R381
R12,738
R2,360,551
R1,979,815
R363,526
R108,550
R362
R12,297
R2,464,550
R1,914,324
R367,146
R117,256
R353
R12,950
R2,412,030
R1,931,976
R378,950
R91,120
R372
R14,908
R2,417,327
R1,966,841
R345,119
R112,076
R371
R13,932
R2,438,338
R1,982,570
R367,112
R115,811
R381
R14,097
R2,479,971
R2,021,451
R383,461
R117,115
R377
R14,270
R2,536,675
R1,993,996
R404,278
R68,006
R374
R15,174
R2,481,829
R2,022,577
R434,536
R67,790
R376
R14,527
R2,539,805
1,994,993
419,601
47,898
384
14,336
2,477,213
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
14,469
14,281
14,240
14,060
13,843
13,398
11,188
11,811
12,211
12,012
11,453
10,729
9,905
9,786
9,688
9,437
9,499
8,867
8,389
7,351
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
R1
R1
2
2
2
2
2
2
R3
3
12/44.
2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal.
4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam.
6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;
Petroleum 4
984
937
856
704
851
794
826
876
965
1,162
1,101
933
1,002
773
717
633
R587
427
422
250
Nitrogen Oxides
Other 7
39
243
246
264
271
279
298
R304
303
289
288
300
265
321
239
237
251
227
227
225
Total
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
15,493
15,462
15,342
15,030
14,966
14,472
12,314
12,991
13,480
R13,464
12,843
11,963
11,174
R10,881
10,646
10,309
10,340
9,524
9,042
7,830
7,281
7,119
7,109
6,975
7,225
7,005
5,136
5,307
5,322
5,123
4,687
4,370
4,096
4,057
3,607
3,286
3,135
2,996
2,870
2,680
495
513
498
477
475
513
653
577
619
700
632
614
631
625
453
416
383
399
382
351
Petroleum 4
269
208
193
158
173
159
332
352
326
395
391
404
294
225
240
225
221
164
157
75
Other 7
93
122
113
119
124
124
234
238
233
241
245
250
268
287
232
217
222
240
242
225
Total
8,136
7,961
7,913
7,728
7,997
7,801
6,355
6,474
6,500
6,459
5,955
5,638
5,290
5,194
4,532
4,143
3,961
3,799
3,650
3,330
wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural
byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.
R=Revised.
Notes: Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal
output. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
359
Table 12.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 12.7a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)
Carbon Dioxide 1
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Sulfur Dioxide
Geothermal 5
NonBiomass
Waste 6
R133,535
R363
R4,362
R1,824,060
R101,791
R384
R5,792
R1,815,145
R180,537
R95,143
R398
R7,202
R1,813,619
R1,552,442
R187,725
R79,149
R400
R8,471
R1,828,188
R1,621,465
R188,286
R90,407
R415
R8,574
R1,909,148
R1,629,449
R211,149
R85,009
R384
R9,309
R1,935,299
R1,651,892
R228,675
R61,064
R329
R10,009
R1,951,968
R1,742,763
R205,250
R66,117
R360
R9,929
R2,024,418
R1,789,204
R220,174
R75,119
R374
R10,332
R2,095,203
R1,819,497
R249,836
R105,638
R375
R10,165
R2,185,511
R1,826,026
R262,455
R97,937
R381
R10,267
R2,197,067
R1,916,892
R283,034
R92,260
R362
R10,144
R2,302,692
R1,856,326
R291,101
R102,903
R353
R10,896
R2,261,580
R1,872,407
R307,455
R78,828
R372
R12,749
R2,271,811
R1,910,656
R279,300
R98,219
R371
R11,443
R2,299,988
R1,922,932
R297,782
R100,249
R381
R11,165
R2,332,508
R1,963,866
R320,545
R102,546
R377
R11,248
R2,398,582
R1,937,791
R339,557
R55,373
R374
R11,529
R2,344,625
R1,970,426
R373,268
R55,557
R376
R11,293
R2,410,920
1,944,450
363,749
40,450
384
11,614
2,360,646
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
R1,516,150
R169,649
R1,529,951
R177,227
R1,530,339
Coal 2
Total
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
13,815
13,576
13,590
13,375
13,133
12,695
10,573
11,129
11,515
R11,373
10,843
10,140
9,281
9,106
9,255
8,991
9,071
8,416
8,002
6,909
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
12/44.
R=Revised.
Notes: There are small differences in carbon dioxide emissions values between this table and Table
12.2 due to differences in the methodologies for calculating the data. Data are for emissions from energy
360
Petroleum 4
810
628
621
559
735
665
581
617
653
911
836
746
754
R549
579
493
461
264
265
146
Nitrogen Oxides
Other 7
7
13
15
12
13
11
34
32
36
37
42
45
5
16
13
9
10
8
9
8
Total
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
14,633
14,218
14,227
13,946
13,882
13,373
11,189
11,779
12,205
12,321
11,722
10,932
10,041
9,672
9,849
9,495
9,543
8,690
8,279
7,065
7,055
6,878
6,886
6,749
6,996
6,777
4,974
5,144
5,157
4,965
4,535
4,225
3,878
3,813
3,496
3,183
3,051
2,902
2,781
2,578
390
390
384
359
357
390
402
326
370
431
381
338
425
425
282
241
243
230
236
230
Petroleum 4
246
175
165
128
143
128
282
301
269
337
332
367
253
187
207
193
189
135
130
58
Other 7
25
36
42
46
49
47
95
96
98
103
109
111
96
104
98
101
103
107
112
124
Total
7,717
7,480
7,476
7,282
7,544
7,343
5,754
5,866
5,894
5,836
5,357
5,040
4,652
4,528
4,082
3,717
3,585
3,374
3,259
2,990
consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output. The electric power sector comprises
electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary
business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Table 12.7c for commercial and
industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 8. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms). Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen
Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor
forms). Data were adjusted by the Environmental Protection Agencys Continuous Emissions Monitoring
System.
Table 12.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 12.7a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)
Carbon Dioxide 1
Year
Coal
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum
Geothermal 5
Sulfur Dioxide
NonBiomass
Waste 6
Total
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
Nitrogen Oxides
Other 7
Natural
Gas 3
Total
Coal 2
Petroleum 4
Other 7
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
3
4
6
4
4
7
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
(s)
43
45
35
35
44
42
35
47
51
45
42
43
48
46
36
35
36
36
37
33
9
10
10
10
12
11
8
9
10
10
9
8
13
13
9
8
9
9
10
9
3
6
6
7
7
8
20
23
34
35
28
38
19
20
16
18
24
35
16
14
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
4
7
5
4
4
2
2
5
8
6
3
2
1
3
4
4
4
4
4
11
14
14
16
17
16
16
13
15
16
15
17
16
16
17
21
21
21
24
24
45
50
65
66
57
65
50
48
45
49
54
64
44
40
32
229
230
251
257
267
262
268
261
248
243
248
259
303
224
227
241
218
217
217
817
1,199
1,080
1,049
1,041
1,057
1,090
1,166
1,223
1,099
1,080
988
1,085
1,163
761
779
760
798
726
731
218
233
215
218
219
219
154
154
155
148
144
138
206
231
102
95
75
86
79
93
100
116
108
110
110
114
231
228
215
234
223
238
187
181
155
157
117
134
129
107
21
31
27
29
29
30
43
48
50
53
55
34
39
36
28
25
27
26
26
16
63
80
66
67
70
71
128
128
121
121
120
123
156
170
119
100
104
117
113
84
403
461
416
425
429
435
556
558
541
557
541
533
587
618
404
376
322
362
346
300
Total
Commercial Sector 8
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
R2,314
R1,542
R637
R2,412
R2,294
R706
R2,675
R2,287
R544
R2,546
R2,787
R474
R2,982
R3,315
R616
R2,926
R3,722
R654
R3,100
R4,070
R509
R3,633
R4,369
R534
R3,864
R4,654
R719
R3,336
R4,707
R835
R3,463
R4,535
R742
R3,627
R4,605
R740
R3,361
R4,280
R839
R3,018
R4,035
R571
R3,894
R3,222
R683
R4,009
R3,916
R920
R4,022
R3,701
R759
R3,899
R3,686
R445
R3,984
R3,800
R363
4,145
3,591
310
R804
R5,298
R959
R6,371
R1,014
R6,520
R1,258
R7,064
R1,285
R8,199
R1,292
R8,594
R1,462
R9,141
R2,023
R10,558
R2,274
R11,511
R2,075
R10,953
R2,008
R10,747
R1,684
R10,656
R1,418
R9,898
R1,520
R9,145
R1,706
R9,505
R1,962
R10,807
R1,897
R10,378
R1,946
R9,975
R1,635
R9,783
1,953
9,999
37
39
32
32
40
39
30
40
43
37
34
33
43
41
32
30
33
33
33
32
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
4
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
Industrial Sector 9
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
R50,937
R47,187
R11,215
R55,750
R54,325
R17,072
R54,856
R55,254
R15,657
R57,644
R57,631
R17,009
R58,367
R58,803
R17,172
R60,087
R61,430
R17,192
R60,112
R65,856
R15,477
R60,334
R68,237
R17,394
R60,337
R68,311
R17,716
R58,864
R72,914
R17,186
R58,971
R76,100
R17,204
R59,297
R75,887
R15,549
R54,637
R71,765
R13,514
R56,551
R67,460
R11,720
R52,290
R62,598
R13,174
R55,628
R65,413
R14,643
R53,563
R59,216
R13,810
R52,306
R61,035
R12,188
R48,166
R57,467
R11,870
46,399
52,261
7,139
R420
R109,760
R734
R127,881
R225
R125,993
R319
R132,603
R536
R134,878
R563
R139,271
R493
R141,939
R746
R146,711
R704
R147,069
R535
R149,498
R463
R152,738
R469
R151,202
R636
R140,552
R639
R136,370
R783
R128,845
R970
R136,655
R1,126
R127,715
R1,700
R127,229
R1,599
R119,103
769
106,568
616
666
618
655
671
664
585
642
653
603
576
556
581
639
401
415
395
419
353
411
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
12/44.
9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
169
304
232
143
113
126
243
256
309
247
260
184
245
221
135
136
124
161
154
103
R=Revised. = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons.

Notes: Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal
output. See Table 12.7b for electric power sector data. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may
not equal sums of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms). Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen
Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor
forms). Data were adjusted by the Environmental Protection Agencys Continuous Emissions Monitoring
System.
361
Figure 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental
Equipment
By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2008
Coal Units
350
Petroleum and Natural Gas Units
329
Thousand Megawatts
300
250
200
161
140
150
100
74
50
27
(s)
0
Particulate Collectors
Cooling Towers
Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-2008

400
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
Coal Units by Equipment Type,

1985-2008
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
Petroleum and Natural Gas Units

by Equipment Type, 1985-2008
400
Cooling Towers
75
200
Cooling Towers
100
300
200
Cooling Towers
100
Flue Gas Desulfurization
0
1985
1
1990
1995
2000
362
50
25
Cooling Towers
Flue Gas Desulfurization
2005
0
1985
1990
1995
Also called scrubbers.

Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of
100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated
generating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in
operating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or
greater, or combustible-renewable steam electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.
2
Thousand Megawatts
300
Thousand Megawatts
Thousand Megawatts
2000
2005
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.

Note: Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than
one category.
Source: Table 12.8.
Table 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment,
1985-2008 (Megawatts)
Coal
Year
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
20012
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Particulate
Collectors
Cooling
Towers
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
(Scrubbers)
302,056
308,566
311,043
311,776
313,680
315,681
319,046
319,856
318,188
319,485
320,685
321,805
320,646
321,082
324,109
321,636
329,187
329,459
328,587
328,506
328,720
NA
328,194
329,332
120,591
126,731
127,875
129,366
131,701
134,199
135,565
136,266
135,885
137,266
138,108
139,065
138,120
139,082
146,377
146,093
154,747
154,750
155,158
157,968
158,493
NA
159,388
161,424
56,955
63,735
65,688
67,156
67,469
69,057
70,474
71,336
71,106
80,617
84,677
85,842
86,605
87,783
89,666
89,675
97,804
98,363
99,257
101,182
101,338
NA
118,739
139,877
Total 1
Particulate
Collectors
Cooling
Towers
304,706
311,217
312,885
313,618
315,521
317,522
319,110
319,918
318,251
319,776
320,749
321,869
320,710
321,353
331,379
328,741
329,187
329,459
328,587
328,506
328,720
NA
328,501
329,746
36,054
34,258
33,431
34,063
33,975
33,639
33,864
33,509
32,620
31,695
30,513
30,349
31,422
30,708
29,371
31,090
31,575
29,879
29,422
27,402
27,005
NA
26,521
26,604
28,895
27,919
27,912
27,434
28,386
28,359
29,067
28,764
28,922
28,186
27,187
27,685
28,766
27,814
29,142
29,427
34,649
45,920
55,770
57,082
59,214
NA
69,993
73,792
Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category.
Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100
megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants
(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,
with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.
NA=Not available. = No data reported.
Note: See "Particulate Collectors," "Cooling Tower," and "Flue Gas Desulfurization" in Glossary.
2
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
(Scrubbers)
65
65
65
65
65
65
260
195
184
310
310
310
310
NA
310
386
Total
Total 1
Particulate
Collectors 1
Cooling
Towers 1
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
(Scrubbers) 1
Total 1
62,371
59,618
58,783
58,937
59,736
59,372
59,773
59,116
58,580
57,123
54,942
55,275
56,485
55,764
55,812
57,697
61,634
72,008
81,493
81,450
83,307
NA
93,586
97,515
338,110
342,825
344,474
345,839
347,655
349,319
352,910
353,365
350,808
351,180
351,198
352,154
352,068
351,790
353,480
352,727
360,762
359,338
358,009
355,782
355,599
NA
354,572
355,764
149,486
154,650
155,786
156,800
160,087
162,557
164,632
165,030
164,807
165,452
165,295
166,749
166,886
166,896
175,520
175,520
189,396
200,670
210,928
214,989
217,646
NA
229,199
234,920
57,020
63,800
65,753
67,221
67,534
69,122
70,734
71,531
71,106
80,617
84,677
85,842
86,605
87,783
89,666
89,675
97,988
98,673
99,567
101,492
101,648
NA
119,049
140,263
367,078
370,835
371,668
372,555
375,257
376,894
378,883
379,034
376,831
376,899
375,691
377,144
377,195
377,117
387,192
386,438
390,821
401,341
409,954
409,769
411,840
NA
421,781
426,812

Sources: 1985-1996U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric
Plant Operation and Design Report." 1997-2005EIA, Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010),
Table 3.10, and Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report." 2007 and
2008EIA, Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010), Table 3.10, and Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report."
363
Environment
Note. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy
Combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass
to produce energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions reported in
the Annual Energy Review. According to current international convention (see the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories), carbon released through biomass combustion is
excluded from reported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from
biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not to
say that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are required in order to grow,
fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to produce and process the biomass into fuels.)
However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may result
in a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon
rather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported energyrelated emissions. For example, the clearing of forests for biofuel crops could result
in an initial release of carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of the
land for agriculture.
364
To reflect the potential net emissions, the international convention for greenhouse gas
inventories is to report biomass emissions in the category agriculture, forestry, and
other land use, usually based on estimates of net changes in carbon stocks over time.
This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can potentially lead to
confusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within
energy and non-energy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of CO2 emissions from biomass combustion alongside other energy-related CO2 emissions offers
an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, however, to avoid misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy sources as necessarily additive.
Instead, the combined total of direct CO2 emissions from biomass and energyrelated CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the carbon emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or that other emissions sources
offset any such sequestration.
According to the EIAs Annual Energy Outlook 2010, including direct CO2
emissions from biomass energy combustion would increase the 2008 total for
energy-related CO2 emissions by 353 million metric tons (6.1 percent). If in fact
these emissions are all offset by biological sequestration, the net emissions would be
zero as assumed in EIAs totals.
Appendix A
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
Using Thermal Conversion Factors
The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy
measured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels of
asphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636
million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).
The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this section
represent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat
content rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review and
are commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heat
content rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The difference
between the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize water
that is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from
2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.
Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different in
their gross and net heat content rates. See Heat Content and British thermal unit
(Btu) in the Glossary for more information.
Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.
For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times the
thermal conversion factor for propane.
In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 through
A6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and are
labeled preliminary. Often, the previous years factor is used as the preliminary
value until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. The
source of each factor is described in the section entitled Thermal Conversion
Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6 in this appendix.
Table A1.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products

(Million Btu per Barrel)
Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aviation Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent)
Distillate Fuel Oil1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent)
Isobutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor Gasoline2
Conventional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oxygenated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reformulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pentanes Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petrochemical Feedstocks
Naphtha less than 401 F . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Oils equal to or greater than 401 F .
Still Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plant Condensate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residual Fuel Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Naphthas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Still Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unfinished Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unfractionated Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...........................
...........................
...........................
..........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
6.636
5.048
4.326
4.130
5.825
3.082
3.308
3.974
5.670
5.355
5.670
6.065
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
5.253
5.150
5.150
4.620
4.620
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
5.248
5.825
6.000
6.024
5.418
3.836
6.287
6.636
5.248
6.000
5.825
5.418
5.537
5.796
Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel heat contents.
See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents beiginning in 1994, and for fuel ethanol
heat contents.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_a.html.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See Heat Content in Glossary.
Sources: See Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6.
2
365
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Production
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Imports
Crude Oil 1
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
Crude Oil 1
Petroleum
Products
Total
Crude Oil 1
Petroleum
Products
Total
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
4.544
4.522
4.406
4.295
4.264
4.146
4.117
4.070
4.049
4.011
3.984
3.964
3.941
3.925
3.955
3.914
3.930
3.872
3.839
3.812
3.815
3.797
3.804
3.800
3.826
3.822
3.807
3.804
3.801
3.794
3.796
3.777
3.762
3.769
3.744
3.733
3.735
3.729
3.739
3.724
3.724
3.712
3.701
R3.706
3.690
5.952
5.943
5.924
5.911
5.872
5.822
5.824
5.809
5.817
5.827
5.821
5.808
5.810
5.802
5.810
5.812
5.818
5.826
5.825
5.823
5.832
5.903
5.901
5.900
5.906
5.934
5.948
5.953
5.954
5.950
5.938
5.947
5.954
5.953
5.942
5.959
5.976
5.971
5.970
5.981
5.977
5.980
5.985
5.990
5.989
6.261
6.263
6.234
6.161
6.123
6.088
6.062
6.045
5.983
5.959
5.935
5.980
5.908
5.955
5.811
5.748
5.659
5.664
5.677
5.613
5.572
5.624
5.599
5.618
5.641
5.614
5.636
5.623
5.620
5.534
5.483
5.468
5.469
5.462
5.421
5.432
5.443
5.451
5.438
5.475
5.474
5.454
5.503
R5.479
5.530
6.059
6.080
6.040
6.021
5.997
5.985
5.961
5.935
5.897
5.884
5.858
5.856
5.834
5.839
5.810
5.796
5.775
5.775
5.774
5.745
5.736
5.808
5.820
5.820
5.833
5.849
5.873
5.877
5.883
5.861
5.855
5.847
5.862
5.861
5.840
5.849
5.862
5.863
5.857
5.863
5.845
5.842
5.862
R5.866
5.885
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.651
5.751
5.765
5.835
5.742
5.811
5.775
5.741
5.752
5.773
5.747
5.743
5.796
5.814
5.864
5.841
5.837
5.829
5.800
5.867
5.819
5.839
5.860
5.842
5.869
5.838
5.827
5.774
5.777
5.777
5.740
5.728
5.726
5.710
5.684
5.651
5.751
5.687
5.739
5.753
5.741
5.723
5.749
R5.762
5.736
5.692
5.766
5.768
5.834
5.743
5.810
5.775
5.741
5.752
5.774
5.748
5.745
5.797
5.808
5.832
5.820
5.821
5.820
5.800
5.850
5.814
5.832
5.858
5.840
5.857
5.833
5.823
5.777
5.779
5.779
5.746
5.736
5.734
5.720
5.699
5.658
5.752
5.688
5.740
5.754
5.743
5.724
5.750
R5.762
5.737

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
366
Exports
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_a.html.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Total Petroleum 1 Consumption by Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Residential
R5.511
R5.500
R5.498
R5.451
R5.403
R5.244
R5.240
R5.221
R5.233
R5.223
R5.219
R5.243
R5.242
R5.242
R5.330
R5.280
R5.231
R5.205
R5.064
R5.247
R5.198
R5.214
R5.188
R5.206
R5.146
R5.073
R5.014
R5.050
R5.019
R5.026
R4.982
R4.906
R4.897
R4.882
R4.801
R4.804
R4.838
R4.781
R4.812
R4.858
R4.818
R4.787
R4.731
R4.598
E4.512
Commercial 2
R5.824
R5.829
R5.794
R5.798
R5.780
R5.700
R5.684
R5.658
R5.677
R5.668
R5.631
R5.655
R5.661
R5.643
R5.701
R5.735
R5.671
R5.673
R5.565
R5.634
R5.568
R5.609
R5.571
R5.573
R5.525
R5.521
R5.491
R5.477
2,R5.461
R5.477
R5.435
R5.384
R5.341
R5.313
R5.231
R5.257
R5.270
R5.234
R5.253
R5.271
R5.312
R5.251
R5.235
R5.095
E5.015
Industrial 2
5.946
5.940
5.867
5.800
5.728
5.603
5.598
5.563
5.569
5.538
5.527
5.536
5.554
5.554
5.419
5.374
5.312
5.263
5.275
5.222
5.215
5.283
5.248
5.241
5.234
5.270
5.186
5.185
25.196
5.166
5.137
5.133
5.138
5.155
5.113
5.082
5.164
5.116
5.161
5.164
5.200
5.179
5.146
R5.175
E5.080
Transportation 2,3
5.465
5.461
5.408
5.388
5.387
5.393
5.389
5.388
5.395
5.394
5.392
5.395
5.400
5.404
5.428
5.440
5.432
5.422
5.415
5.418
5.422
5.425
5.429
5.433
5.437
5.442
5.440
5.442
25.436
5.424
5.417
5.420
5.416
5.413
5.413
5.421
5.412
5.410
5.408
5.420
5.426
5.431
5.433
R5.426
3,E5.412
Electric
Power 4,5
6.254
6.254
6.254
6.267
6.267
6.252
6.245
6.233
6.245
6.238
6.250
6.251
6.249
6.251
6.258
6.254
6.258
6.258
6.255
6.251
6.247
6.257
6.249
6.250
46.240
6.244
6.246
6.238
6.230
6.213
6.188
6.195
6.199
6.210
6.205
6.189
6.199
6.173
6.182
6.192
6.188
6.143
6.151
R6.123
P6.105
Total 2
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Consumption 6
Motor
Gasoline
Consumption 7
Fuel
Ethanol 8
Fuel
Ethanol
Feedstock
Factor 9
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Feedstock
Factor 10
5.649
5.649
5.591
5.555
5.532
5.503
5.504
5.500
5.515
5.504
5.494
5.504
5.518
5.519
5.494
5.479
5.448
5.415
5.406
5.395
5.387
5.418
5.403
5.410
5.410
5.411
5.384
5.378
25.379
5.361
5.341
5.336
5.336
5.349
5.328
5.326
5.345
5.324
5.340
5.350
5.365
5.353
5.346
5.339
P5.303
4.011
4.011
4.011
4.011
4.011
63.779
3.772
3.760
3.746
3.730
3.715
3.711
3.677
3.669
3.680
3.674
3.643
3.615
3.614
3.599
3.603
3.640
3.659
3.652
3.683
3.625
3.614
3.624
3.606
3.635
3.623
3.613
3.616
3.614
3.616
3.607
3.614
3.613
3.629
3.618
3.620
3.605
3.591
R3.600
P3.553
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
75.230
5.215
5.216
5.213
5.212
5.211
5.210
5.210
5.208
5.207
5.215
5.218
5.218
5.219
5.218
P5.218
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
R3.563
3.563
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.586
6.562
6.539
6.515
6.492
6.469
6.446
6.423
6.400
6.377
6.355
6.332
6.309
6.287
6.264
6.242
6.220
6.198
6.176
6.167
6.159
6.151
6.143
R6.116
R6.089
R6.063
R6.036
R6.009
R5.983
5.957
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel.
Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in each category are calculated by using
heat content values shown in Table A1.
3 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
5 Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,
and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.
6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single
constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factorquantity-weighted averages of the major
components of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single
constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factorquantity-weighted averages of the major
components of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown in
Table A1.
8 Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are
weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus used
as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant (5.253
million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 1980-2008.
9 Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol),
used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. Observed
ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in
2002, and 2.764 in 2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat
content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a gross heat content of
3.539 million Btu per barrel.
10 Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel), used as
the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. It is assumed that 7.65 pounds of
soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed
to produce one barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per
pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross heat content of 17,253 Btu per
pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.
Notes: Residential and commercial petroleum heat contents are revised beginning in 1949 due to a
change in the estimation methodology for the physical data in Table 5.13a. The heat content values in
this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
367
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Btu per Cubic Foot)
Consumption 1
Production
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Marketed
Dry
End-Use Sectors 2
Total
Imports
Exports
1,120
1,119
1,120
1,107
1,101
1,102
1,103
1,100
1,093
1,097
1,095
1,093
1,093
1,088
1,092
1,098
1,103
1,107
1,115
1,109
1,112
1,110
1,112
1,109
1,107
1,105
1,108
1,110
1,106
1,105
1,106
1,109
1,107
1,109
1,107
1,107
1,105
1,106
1,106
R1,104
R1,104
1,103
1,104
R1,100
E1,100
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,031
1,027
1,021
1,024
1,021
1,020
1,021
1,019
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,027
R1,028
R1,026
R1,028
1,028
R1,029
R1,027
E1,026
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,031
1,027
1,020
1,024
1,020
1,019
1,019
1,016
1,018
1,024
1,025
1,026
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,031
1,028
1,029
1,027
1,027
1,027
1,033
1,028
1,026
1,029
1,029
R1,029
R1,026
R1,028
1,028
R1,030
R1,027
E1,027
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,031
1,027
1,024
1,022
1,026
1,023
1,029
1,034
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,036
1,030
1,035
1,038
1,034
1,032
1,028
31,028
1,027
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,021
1,020
1,020
1,024
1,022
1,021
1,026
1,020
1,025
1,027
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
P1,025
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,031
1,027
1,021
1,024
1,021
1,020
1,021
1,019
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,027
R1,028
R1,026
R1,028
1,028
R1,029
R1,027
E1,026
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,031
1,027
1,026
1,027
1,026
1,025
1,026
1,030
1,037
1,022
1,014
1,018
1,024
1,005
1,002
997
999
1,002
1,004
1,012
1,014
1,011
1,020
1,022
1,021
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
E1,025
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,031
1,027
1,023
1,016
1,014
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,011
1,011
1,010
1,010
1,011
1,008
1,011
1,018
1,019
1,018
1,022
1,018
1,016
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,006
1,006
1,010
1,008
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
E1,009
Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
2
3
368
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. = Not applicable.

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Million Btu per Short Ton)
Coal
Coal Coke
Consumption
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
Production 1
Waste Coal
Supplied 2
Residential
and Commercial
Sectors
Coke Plants
Industrial Sector
Other 3
Electric
Power
Sector 4,5
Total
Imports
Exports
Imports
and
Exports
24.916
25.090
25.201
24.906
24.775
23.842
23.507
23.389
23.376
23.072
22.897
22.855
22.597
22.248
22.454
22.415
22.308
22.239
22.052
22.010
21.870
21.913
21.922
21.823
21.765
21.822
21.681
21.682
21.418
21.394
21.326
21.322
21.296
21.418
21.070
21.072
120.772
20.673
20.499
20.424
20.348
20.310
20.340
R20.208
19.973
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
210.391
9.303
10.758
10.396
10.638
11.097
11.722
12.147
12.158
12.639
12.552
12.360
12.169
12.165
12.360
12.266
12.093
12.080
12.090
R12.121
12.245
24.263
24.461
24.373
24.226
24.028
23.203
23.090
22.998
22.831
22.479
22.261
22.774
22.919
22.466
22.242
22.543
22.474
22.695
22.775
22.844
22.646
22.947
23.404
23.571
23.650
23.137
23.114
23.105
22.994
23.112
23.118
23.011
22.494
21.620
23.880
25.020
24.909
22.962
22.242
22.324
22.342
22.066
22.069
R21.887
21.285
26.797
26.798
26.794
26.791
26.787
26.784
26.784
26.782
26.780
26.778
26.782
26.781
26.787
26.789
26.788
26.790
26.794
26.797
26.798
26.799
26.798
26.798
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.799
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.425
27.426
26.279
26.271
26.329
26.281
26.334
24.612
24.820
24.821
24.609
24.385
22.983
22.670
22.550
22.586
22.419
22.436
22.530
22.322
22.207
22.452
22.690
22.585
22.712
22.691
22.543
22.020
22.198
22.381
22.360
22.347
22.457
22.460
22.250
22.123
22.068
21.950
22.105
22.172
23.164
22.489
22.433
22.622
22.562
22.468
22.473
22.178
22.050
22.371
22.348
21.893
23.761
23.937
24.056
23.927
23.780
22.573
22.301
22.204
22.246
21.781
21.642
21.679
21.508
21.275
21.364
21.295
21.085
21.194
21.133
21.101
20.959
21.084
21.136
20.900
420.898
20.779
20.730
20.709
20.677
20.589
20.543
20.547
20.518
20.516
20.490
20.511
20.337
20.238
20.082
19.980
19.988
19.931
19.909
R19.713
19.536
24.793
24.989
24.982
24.713
24.537
23.440
23.124
23.036
23.057
22.677
22.506
22.498
22.265
22.017
22.100
21.947
21.713
21.674
21.576
21.573
21.366
21.462
21.517
21.328
21.307
21.197
21.120
21.068
21.010
20.929
20.880
20.870
20.830
20.881
20.818
20.828
20.671
20.541
20.387
20.290
20.246
20.181
20.168
R19.977
19.753
25.000
25.020
25.000
25.003
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
26.759
26.788
26.907
26.939
26.973
26.982
26.981
26.979
26.596
26.700
26.562
26.601
26.548
26.478
26.548
26.384
26.160
26.223
26.291
26.402
26.307
26.292
26.291
26.299
26.160
26.202
26.188
26.161
26.335
26.329
26.180
26.174
26.251
26.800
26.081
26.117
25.998
26.062
25.972
26.108
25.494
25.453
25.466
25.399
25.633
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,
and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).
2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in
1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal
included in "Consumption."
3 Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.
5 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste
coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.
369
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2009
(Btu per Kilowatthour)
Approximate Heat Rates 1 for Electricity Net Generation
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Fossil-Fueled Plants 2,3
Nuclear Plants 4
Geothermal Energy Plants 5
Heat Content 6 of
Electricity 7
15,033
14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,478
10,379
10,389
10,442
10,406
10,373
10,435
10,361
10,353
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
210,333
10,173
10,241
10,022
9,999
9,919
9,884
R9,854
E9,854
11,629
11,804
10,977
10,837
10,792
10,903
11,161
11,013
11,047
10,769
10,941
10,879
10,908
11,030
11,073
10,905
10,843
10,622
10,579
10,442
10,602
10,583
10,582
10,484
10,471
10,504
10,452
10,507
10,503
10,494
10,491
10,450
10,429
R10,443
R10,442
10,421
10,427
R10,436
R10,436
R10,485
R10,453
E10,453
23,200
22,182
21,606
21,655
21,668
21,674
21,674
21,611
21,611
21,611
21,611
21,545
21,639
21,639
21,629
21,290
21,303
21,263
21,263
21,263
21,096
21,096
21,096
20,997
20,914
20,914
20,914
20,914
20,960
20,960
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
E21,017
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
The values in columns 1-3 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.
Used as the thermal conversion factor for hydro, solar/photovoltaic, and wind electricity net generation
to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as the
thermal conversion factor for wood and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in
2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.
3 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in
2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and electricity-only independent power
producers.
2
370
Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation.
Used as the thermal conversion factor for geothermal electricity net generation.
6 See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
7 The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for
electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. = Not applicable.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.
5
Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum
and Natural Gas Plant Liquids
Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated
by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,
1956.
Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu
per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission
Corporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets
19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326
million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130
million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40
percent propane. See Butane and Propane.
Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to
the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. See
Crude Oil Production.
Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal
conversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantities
imported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreign
country basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 and
converting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau of
Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum
Products, 1933.
Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million
Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of
Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,
1950.
Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal
memorandum, Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various

Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.082
Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308 million Btu per barrel based
on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 30 percent propane. See Ethane
and Propane.
Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.974
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for Jet Fuel, Commercial as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for Jet Fuel, Military as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American
Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670
million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau
of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,
1950.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. 19491966: U.S. Department of the
Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products, 1956, Table 4 footnote, constant value of 4.011 million Btu per
barrel. 1967 forward: Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal
conversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see Table A1)
weighted by the quantities consumed. The component products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propane (including propylene), normal
butane (including butylene), butane-propane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures,
and isobutane. For 19671980, quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy Data
Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantities
consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Table 2.
371
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu per
barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796
million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Motor Gasoline Consumption. 19491993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor
Fuel as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V
of Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968
release of historical and projected statistics. 1994 forward: EIA calculated
national annual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,
reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor for
conventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previous
years. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150
million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated
Gasoline. See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced
weighted by the quantities produced.
Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btu
per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu
or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401 F. Assumed by EIA to be
5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for special
naphthas. See Special Naphthas.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401 F. Assumed
by EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for
distillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu per
barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.
Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu
per barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950. The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing
30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines
372
internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as given in the Bureau of Mines
Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the
average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by
the commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the
commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed
by the electric power sector weighted by the quantities consumed by the electric
power sector. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and
predecessor forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the
the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the industrial
sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector are
estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the
the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the residential sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the
thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed weighted by the
quantities consumed.
Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed
by the transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the
transportation sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation
at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the
thermal conversion factors for each petroleum product exported weighted by the
quantities exported.
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the
thermal conversion factors for each petroleum product imported weighted by the
quantities imported.
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from data
provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.
Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836
Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btu
per barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of
Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,
1950.
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636
million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (see
Asphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the total
gasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of
6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,
1970.
Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weighted
by the quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products
Exports.
Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product imported
weighted by the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.
Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 million
Btu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.
Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418
million Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate)
and first published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume 2, 1981.
Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.537 million Btu per barrel
as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for biodiesel to be 5.359
million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per pound.
Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel
(million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass
inputs to the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds of soybean oil are
needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are
needed to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that soybean oil has a
gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel.
Ethanol (Undenatured). EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 3.539 million
Btu per barrel published in Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels, a paper presented
by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conference on
Reformulated Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington, D.C., October 1991.
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). 19812008: EIA used the 2009 factor. 2009:
Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus
used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline
used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of ethanol
consumed is from EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of fuel ethanol. The quantity of
pentanes plus used as denaturant is from EIA, PSM, Table 1, data for renewable
fuels and oxygenate plant net production of pentanes plus, is multiplied by -1. The
quantity of conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant from EIA, PSM, Table
1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of conventional
motor gasoline, multiplied by -1.
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the production of undenatured
ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Department
of Agriculture observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn)
were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated the
ethanol yields in other years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat content of
0.392 million Btu per bushel.
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector by
the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and predecessor forms.
373
Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the end-use sectors
(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas
Supply and Disposition.
Natural Gas Consumption, Total. 19491962: EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Mines
and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. 19631979: EIA
adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American Gas
Association (AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication.
1980 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of
natural gas consumed by the total quantity consumed.
Natural Gas Exports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal
conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,
Total). 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas exported by the quantity exported. For 19731995, data are from Form
FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas. Beginning in
1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural
Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Imports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal
conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,
Total). 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas imported by the quantity imported. For 19731995, data are from Form
FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas. Beginning in
1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural
Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.
Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
heat content of dry natural gas produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and
natural gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production) by
the total quantity of marketed natural gas produced.
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of
24.800 million Btu per short ton.
374
Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector by the
quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants. Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by coke plants by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportCoke Plants.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufacturing plants by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing Plants.
Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial Sectors. Calculated annually by
EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the residential and commercial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 1999, data are from Form EIA-6,
Coal Distribution Report. Beginning in 2000, data are for commercial combinedheat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat
content of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quantity consumed.
Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steam
coal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report EM 545.
Coal Imports. 19491963: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of coal imported by the quantity imported. 1963 forward: Assumed by
EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.
Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance the heat content of coal
supply (production and imports) and the heat content of coal disposition (exports,
stock change, and consumption).
Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content
of waste coal supplied by the quantity supplied. For 19891997, data are from
Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report. For 19982000,
data are from Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
For 2001 forward, data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportManufacturing Plants; Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report; and predecessor forms.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil-Fueled Plants. There is no generally accepted
practice for measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants that generate
electricity from hydro, wind, photovoltaic, or solar thermal energy sources.
Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual average heat rate
factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the United States. By using that factor, it is
possible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for replacing those sources during periods of interruption, such as droughts. The heat content of a kilowatthour of electricity produced, regardless of the generation process, is 3,412 Btu. 19491955: The
weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in
the United States, as published by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant Construction
Cost and Annual Production Expenses1981 and Steam-Electric Plant
Construction Cost and Annual Production Expenses1978. 19561988: The
weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in
the United States, as published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 9. 19892000: Calculated annually by EIA by using
heat rate data reported on Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report (and
predecessor forms); and net generation data reported on Form EIA-759, Monthly
Power Plant Report. The computation includes data for all electric utility steamelectric plants using fossil fuels. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by
using fuel consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for
all electric utilities and electricity-only independent power producers using fossil
fuels.
Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal Energy Plants. 19601981: Calculated annually by EIA by weighting the annual average heat rates of operating
geothermal units by the installed nameplate capacities as reported on Form FPC12, Power System Statement. 1982 forward: Estimated annually by EIA on
the basis of an informal survey of relevant plants.
Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear Plants. 19571984: Calculated annually
by dividing the total heat content consumed in nuclear generating units by the total
(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat content and electricity generation were reported on Form FERC-1, Annual Report of Major Electric
Utilities, Licensees, and Others; Form EIA-412, Annual Report of Public Electric
Utilities; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the factors were published in EIA,
Historical Plant Cost and Annual Production Expenses for Selected Electric
Plants 1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors were published in EIA,
Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 13. 1985 forward:
Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat rate reported on Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report (and predecessor forms), and the generation
reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report (and predecessor
forms).
375
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes,

and Other Physical Conversion Factors
Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that
historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units,
barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerce
involves other nations, most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S.
Government is committed to the transition to the metric system, as stated in
the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94168), amended by the
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (Public Law 100418), and
Executive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.
The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate the
metric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For
example, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons x
0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).
In the metric system of weights and measures, the names of multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived by combining the name of the unit with prefixes,
such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100, 1,000, and deci,
centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth, one-hundredth, and
one-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be found in Table B2.
The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to calculate equivalents in
various physical units commonly used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrels
are the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42 gallons/barrel = 420
gallons).
377
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

Type of Unit
U.S. Unit
Equivalent in Metric Units
Mass
1 short ton (2,000 lb)

1 long ton
1 pound (lb)
1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8)
1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)
=
=
=
=
=
0.907 184 7
1.016 047
0.453 592 37a
0.384 647b
28.349 52
metric tons (t)

metric tons (t)
kilograms (kg)
kilograms uranium (kgU)
grams (g)
Volume
1 barrel of oil (bbl)

1 cubic yard (yd3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 U.S. gallon (gal)
1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)
1 cubic inch (in3)
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.158 987 3
0.764 555
0.028 316 85
3.785 412
29.573 53
16.387 06
cubic meters (m3)

cubic meters (m3)
cubic meters (m3)
liters (L)
milliliters (mL)
milliliters (mL)
Length
1 mile (mi)
1 yard (yd)
1 foot (ft)
1 inch (in)
=
=
=
=
1.609 344a
0.914 4a
0.304 8a
2.54a
kilometers (km)
meters (m)
meters (m)
centimeters (cm)
Area
1 acre
1 square mile (mi2)
1 square yard (yd2)
1 square foot (ft2)
1 square inch (in2)
=
=
=
=
=
0.404 69
2.589 988
0.836 127 4
0.092 903 04a
6.451 6a
hectares (ha)
square kilometers (km2)
square meters (m2)
square meters (m2)
square centimeters (cm2)
Energy
1 British thermal unit (Btu)c

1 calorie (cal)
1 kilowatthour (kWh)
=
=
=
1,055.055 852 62a

4.186 8a
3.6a
Temperatured
32 degrees Fahrenheit (F)

212 degrees Fahrenheit (F)
=
=
0a
100a
joules (J)
joules (J)
megajoules (MJ)
degrees Celsius (C)
degrees Celsius (C)
Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
c
The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.
d
To convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
Notes: Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. Most metric units belong to the
International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI
units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.
Sources: General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government
(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std
268-1992, pp. 28 and 29.
b
378
Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Unit Multiple
101
2
Prefix
Symbol
deka
da
Unit Subdivision
10-1
-2
Prefix
Symbol
deci
10
hecto
10
centi
103
kilo
10-3
milli
106
mega
10-6
micro
109
1012
giga
tera
G
T
10-9
10-12
nano
pico
n
p
1015
peta
10-15
femto
exa
10-18
atto
-21
18
10
21
10
zetta
10
zepto
1024
yotta
10-24
yocto

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST
Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

Energy Source
Original Unit
Equiv alent in Final Units
Petroleum
1 barrel (bbl)
42a
Coal
1 short ton
1 long ton
1 metric ton (t)
=
=
=
2,000a
2,240a
1,000a
pounds (lb)
pounds (lb)
kilograms (kg)
Wood
1 cord (cd)
1 cord (cd)
=
=
1.25b
128a
shorts tons
cubic feet (ft3)
U.S. gallons (gal)
Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17
b
and C-21.
379
Appendix C
Figure C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions
Note: Map not to scale.

Web Page: See www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
381
Appendix D
Table D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Population
United States 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
World
Million People
149.2
152.3
165.9
180.7
194.3
205.1
207.7
209.9
211.9
213.9
216.0
218.0
220.2
222.6
225.1
227.2
229.5
231.7
233.8
235.8
237.9
240.1
242.3
244.5
246.8
249.6
253.0
256.5
259.9
263.1
266.3
269.4
272.6
275.9
279.0
282.2
R285.1
R287.8
R290.3
R293.0
R295.8
R298.6
R301.6
R304.4
307.0
U.S. Gross Domestic Product

United States
as Share of World
Percent
NA
2,556.0
2,780.9
3,041.7
3,349.3
3,712.0
R3,789.5
R3,865.8
R3,941.6
R4,016.1
R4,088.6
R4,159.8
R4,231.5
R4,303.1
R4,377.5
R4,452.5
4,528.9
4,608.7
R4,690.3
R4,770.5
R4,852.1
4,935.9
R5,022.0
R5,108.9
R5,195.7
R5,283.7
R5,367.2
R5,451.7
R5,534.1
R5,615.3
R5,696.7
R5,776.9
R5,855.1
R5,932.1
R6,008.3
R6,083.6
R6,159.2
R6,234.4
R6,308.5
R6,382.4
R6,456.4
R6,531.0
R6,606.2
R6,681.1
6,756.0
NA
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
R4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
R4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
R4.6
R4.6
4.5
Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year.
In chained (2005) dollars. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
4 The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2005)
dollars.
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_d.html.
For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.gov/.
2
3
Billion
Nominal Dollars 2
Billion
Real (2005) Dollars 3
Implicit Price Deflator 4

(2005 = 1.00000)
R267.2
R1,844.7
R0.14486
R293.7
R2,006.0
R.14644
R414.7
R2,500.3
R.16587
526.4
719.1
R1,038.3
R1,126.8
R1,237.9
R1,382.3
R1,499.5
R1,637.7
R1,824.6
R2,030.1
R2,293.8
R2,562.2
R2,788.1
R3,126.8
R3,253.2
R3,534.6
R3,930.9
R4,217.5
R4,460.1
R4,736.4
R5,100.4
R5,482.1
R5,800.5
R5,992.1
R6,342.3
R6,667.4
R7,085.2
R7,414.7
R7,838.5
R8,332.4
R8,793.5
R9,353.5
R9,951.5
R10,286.2
R10,642.3
R11,142.1
R11,867.8
R12,638.4
R13,398.9
R14,077.6
R14,441.4
14,256.3
R2,830.9
R.18596
R3,610.1
R.19919
R4,269.9
R.24317
R4,413.3
R.25533
R4,647.7
R.26634
R4,917.0
R.28112
R4,889.9
R.30664
R4,879.5
R.33563
R5,141.3
R.35489
R5,377.7
R.37751
R5,677.6
R.40400
R5,855.0
R.43761
R5,839.0
R.47751
R5,987.2
R.52225
R5,870.9
R.55412
R6,136.2
R.57603
R6,577.1
R.59766
R6,849.3
R.61576
R7,086.5
R.62937
R7,313.3
R.64764
R7,613.9
R.66988
R7,885.9
R.69518
R8,033.9
R.72201
R8,015.1
R.74760
R8,287.1
R.76533
R8,523.4
R.78224
R8,870.7
R.79872
R9,093.7
R.81536
R9,433.9
R.83088
R9,854.3
R.84555
R10,283.5
R.85511
R10,779.8
R.86768
R11,226.0
R.88647
R11,347.2
R.90650
R11,553.0
R.92118
R11,840.7
R.94100
R12,263.8
R.96770
R12,638.4
R1.00000
R12,976.2
R1.03257
R13,254.1
R1.06214
R13,312.2
R1.08483
12,987.4
1.09770
Sources: U.S. Population: 1949-1989U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, June 2000. 1990-1999DOC, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, State Population Estimates, April 11, 2002. 2000 forwardDOC, U.S. Bureau of the Census,
State Population Estimates, December 2009. World Population: 1950 forwardDOC, U.S. Bureau of
the Census, International Database (April 13, 2010). U.S. Gross Domestic Product: 1949
forwardDOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts (March 26, 2010),
Tables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9.
383
Appendix E
Table E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945
(Quadrillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
1635
1645
1655
1665
1675
1685
1695
1705
1715
1725
1735
1745
1755
1765
1775
1785
1795
1805
1815
1825
1835
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
1870
1875
1880
1885
1890
1895
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
Renewable Energy
Coal
Natural
Gas
Petroleum
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.219
.421
.518
.632
1.048
1.440
2.054
2.840
4.062
4.950
6.841
10.001
12.714
13.294
15.504
14.706
13.639
10.634
12.535
15.972
0.082
.257
.147
.252
.372
.540
.673
.813
1.191
1.932
1.919
2.665
3.871
0.003
.010
.011
.011
.096
.040
.156
.168
.229
.610
1.007
1.418
2.676
4.280
5.897
5.675
7.760
10.110
Biomass
Total
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.219
.421
.521
.642
1.059
1.451
2.150
2.962
4.475
5.265
7.322
10.983
14.261
15.385
18.993
20.177
21.468
18.228
22.960
29.953
0.022
.090
.250
.386
.539
.659
.738
.668
.752
.806
.880
1.442
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.138
2.389
2.641
2.767
2.893
2.872
2.851
2.683
2.515
2.306
2.015
1.843
1.765
1.688
1.610
1.533
1.455
1.397
1.358
11.261
1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for
fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1).
NA=Not available. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.
Notes: For years not shown, there are no data available. See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation
of these data series from 1949 forward. See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," at
end of section.
Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:
1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States
Wood
Total
Electricity
Net
Imports
Total
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.138
2.389
2.641
2.767
2.893
2.872
2.851
2.683
2.537
2.396
2.265
2.229
2.304
2.347
2.348
2.201
2.207
2.203
2.238
2.703
0.002
.003
.004
.005
.005
.007
.009
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.357
2.810
3.162
3.409
3.952
4.323
5.001
5.645
7.012
7.661
9.587
13.212
16.565
17.734
21.344
22.382
23.680
20.436
25.205
32.665
1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood consumption in cords per decade, which were
converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per cord. The annual average value for each
decade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the assumption that annual use was likely to
increase during any given decade and the average annual value was more likely to reflect mid-decade
yearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of the decade. Values thus begin in 1635 and
are plotted at 10-year intervals. 1850-1945: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.
Electricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Tables I and VI. Calculated as the
difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroelectric production times 3,412 Btu per
kilowatthour.
385
Appendix E
Note: Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presents
estimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins a
century and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union and
continues through the decades during which the United States was still expanding
territorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by U.S. consumption
of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist or
consisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the District
of Columbia?
The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sources
of those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. For
most energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,
defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates or
measurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to follow
settlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that were
settled enough to have economically significant consumption even though those
areas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,
begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well
386
as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become the District of Columbia. By
the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the continental States are all included,
though the last of the 48 States to achieve statehood did not do so until 1912.
Likewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but includes consumption in areas,
such as Utah and Washington (State), which were significant coal-producing
regions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: No data were available on
State-level historical coal consumption. The coal data shown in Table E1 through
1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., production plus imports minus exports.
The geographic coverage for coal was therefore based on a tally of coal-producing
States listed in various historical issues of Minerals Yearbook. It is likely that coal
was consumed in States where it was not mined in significant quantities.)
By energy source, the extent of coverage can be summarized as follows: Coal35
coal-producing States by 1885. Natural GasAll 48 contiguous States, the
District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. PetroleumAll 48 contiguous States,
the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. Conventional Hydroelectric
PowerCoverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, but probably the 48 contiguous
States and the District of Columbia. Coverage for 1900 through 1945 is the 48
contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. WoodAll 48 contiguous States
and the District of Columbia by 1810.
Glossary
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are
composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.
Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity. The

term is used in the context of global climate change to refer to gaseous emissions
that are the result of human activities, as well as other potentially climate-altering
activities, such as deforestation.
Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation applications, include the

following: methanol; denatured ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas
(propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived
from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel); electricity (including
electricity from solar energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines, by
rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security
benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does
not include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-based fuels
used as oxygenates or extenders, i.e. MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the
10-percent ethanol portion of gasohol.
API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade association.
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on an alternative

fuel (e.g., compressed natural gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle
could be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively on alternative
fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.
Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as
hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of
volatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less
than 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btu
per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthracite
consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).
Note: Since the 1980s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steamelectric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btu
per short ton or less. See Coal Rank.
API Gravity: American Petroleum Institute measure of specific gravity of crude

oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of
liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees
API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.F) 131.5.
Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like material obtained by petroleum processing and containing bitumens as the predominant component; used primarily for
road construction. It includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and
petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts. Note: The
conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per short ton.
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline,
alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols,
ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates are reported as other
hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.
Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable
for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are provided in ASTM
Specification D910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Note: Data on blending components are not counted in data on finished aviation gasoline. See Jet Fuel;
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.
Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. Gallons.
Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,

consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized
coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat
value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.
Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of input that a distillation facility can
process under usual operating conditions. The amount is expressed in terms of
capacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the maximum processing capability of
387
all units at the facility under continuous operation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: 1) the capability of
downstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that
are distributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinerys normal
operation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types and
grades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraints
associated with refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduled
downtime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, and
turnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to
such conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.
Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain
adequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates
throughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas
volume.
Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils;
animal fats; and recycled grease. It can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived
diesel fuel or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from
vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of
ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.
Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass (plant)
feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.
Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the
term biogenic to refer only to organic nonfossil material of biological origin.
Biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable
energy source. See Biodiesel, Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood
and Wood-Derived Fuels.
Biomass Waste: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product. Biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from
biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop byproducts, straw,
and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes wood and woodderived fuels (including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel, and fuel
ethanol. Note: EIA biomass waste data also include energy crops grown
specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.
Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often
with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in
388
steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and
power applications in manufacturing and making coke. Bituminous coal is the
most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content usually is
less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content
of bituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per
short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and
mineral matter). See Coal Rank.
Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor,
that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the
digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the residual
"black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of
certain basic chemicals.
Breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usually breeze will pass through a
1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most often used as a fuel source in the
process of agglomerating iron ore.
British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which
water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees Fahrenheit). See Heat
Content.
Btu: See British Thermal Unit.
Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting energy data between one unit of
measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generally
used to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic
feet, or short tons) into the energy-equivalent measure of Btu. (See
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html for further information on Btu conversion factors.)
Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircraft, both domestic and foreign,
consisting primarily of residual fuel oil and distillate fuel oil for ships and
kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term international bunker fuels is used
to denote the consumption of fuel for international transport activities. Note: For
the purposes of greenhouse gas emissions inventories, data on emissions from
combustion of international bunker fuels are subtracted from national emissions
totals. Historically, bunker fuels have meant only ship fuel.
Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon
(C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes isobutane
and normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas
Processors Association Specifications for commercial butane.
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It
is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.
Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a
colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.
Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from refinery processes.
Capacity: See Generator Capacity.
Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.
Captive Coal: Coal produced to satisfy the needs of the mine owner, or of a parent,
subsidiary, or other affiliate of the mine owner (for example, steel companies and
electricity generators), rather than for open market sale. See Open Market Coal.
Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas (CO2) that is a normal
part of Earths atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as
well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infrared
energy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the
potential for global warming. The global warming potential (GWP) of other
greenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1).
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbon dioxide by weight emitted
into the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as a
given weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents are
computed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example,
methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane).
Carbon equivalent units are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied by
the carbon content of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).
Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those
that have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power
of the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Prior
to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the
weights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the
U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The new
measure is based on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairs
of years. It is chained because the second year in each pair, with its weights,
becomes the first year of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollar
measure is that it is more closely related to any given period covered and is therefore
subject to less distortion over time.
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon,
hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are now thought to be
harmful to the Earths atmosphere.
City Gate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives
gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transmission system.
Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but
especially to significant change from one prevailing climatic condition to another.
In some cases, climate change has been used synonymously with the term global
warming; scientists, however, tend to use the term in a wider sense to include
natural changes in climate as well as climatic cooling.
Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition,
including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more
than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed from plant
remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Coal Rank.
Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.
Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their degree of progressive alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of coal include
lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed
carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or caking) properties.
Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for future use and disposition.
Note: When coal data are collected for a particular reporting period (month, quarter,
or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of this period.
Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel
plant; and coal-based fuels such as briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are
formed from fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.
Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into
coal synfuel.
Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an
oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbon
and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in
389
smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is gray, hard, and porous and
has a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton.
Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and low in hydrogen that is the
final product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. This
product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion is 5 barrels
(of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. Coke from petroleum has a heating value
of 6.024 million Btu per barrel.
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant designed to produce both heat
and electricity from a single heat source. Note: This term is being used in place
of the term cogenerator that was used by EIA in the past. CHP better describes
the facilities because some of the plants included do not produce heat and power
in a sequential fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA). See
Electricity-Only Plant.
Commercial Building: A building with more than 50 percent of its floorspace used
for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to,
stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals,
clinics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings are included, except buildings
on military bases or reservations.
Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing
facilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and
other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.
The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage
treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space
heating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a
wide variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes generators that produce
electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the
above-mentioned commercial establishments. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral
coveragefor more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm.
See End-Use
Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil or natural gas. If
a well is equipped to produce only crude oil or natural gas from one zone or
reservoir, the definition of a well (classified as a crude oil well or natural gas
well) and the definition of a completion are identical. However, if a well is
equipped to produce crude oil and/or natural gas separately from more than one
reservoir, a well is not synonymous with a completion.
390
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas compressed to a volume and

density that is practical as a portable fuel supply (even when compressed, natural gas
is not a liquid).
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional.
Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Conventional.
Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data between one unit of measurement
and another (such as between short tons and British thermal units, or between
barrels and gallons). (See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html and
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for further information on conversion
factors.) See Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Conversion Factor.
Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental equipment installed at electric
power plants used to transfer heat, produced by burning fuel, to the atmosphere.
Cooling towers are installed where there is insufficient cooling water available or
where waste heat discharged into cooling water would affect marine life.
Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hazardous to human health and
regulated under the Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) National Ambient
Air Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act require EPA to
describe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutant as the criteria for inclusion
in the regulatory regime.
Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through
surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream, it
may also include: 1) small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered
from oil well (casinghead) gas in lease separators and are subsequently commingled
with the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease condensate recovered
as a liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed
into the crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced
with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Liquids produced at
natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array
of petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and many other products used for their
energy or chemical content.
Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil
reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first time it is removed from the
lease boundary.
Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port of discharge, including charges associated with purchasing, transporting, and insuring a cargo from
the purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not include charges
incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and
demurrage).
Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and other fees. The composite cost is the weighted average of
domestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acquisition cost does not
include the cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.
Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in
petroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.
Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by petroleum pipelines
and on crude oil leases.
Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from one or
more crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and natural gas
are classified as crude oil wells.
Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natural gas contained at standard
temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard per
square inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.
Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree-days
over a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 19712000). The averages may
be simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.
Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm a location is over a
period of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65
degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the base
temperature (65 degrees) from the average of the days high and low
temperatures, with negative values set equal to zero. Each days cooling degreedays are summed to create a cooling degree-day measure for a specified reference
period. Cooling degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of air
conditioning energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a location is over a
period of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65
degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the
average of the days high and low temperatures from the base temperature (65
degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. Each days heating degree-days
are summed to create a heating degree-day measure for a specified reference
period. Heating degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space
heating energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling degree-days weighted
by the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To compute
State population-weighted degree-days, each State is divided into from one to
nine climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based on
the ratio of the population of the division to the total population of the State.
Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding
population weight for each division and those products are then summed to
arrive at the State population-weighted degree-day figure. To compute national
population-weighted degree-days, the Nation is divided into nine Census
regions, each comprising from three to eight States, which are assigned weights
based on the ratio of the population of the region to the total population of the
Nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those products are then summed to
arrive at the national population-weighted degree-day figure.
Demand-Side Management: The planning, implementation, and monitoring of
electric utility activities designed to encourage consumers to modify patterns of
electricity usage, including the timing and level of electricity demand.
Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collective term for the sum of coal in
both measured and indicated resource categories of reliability, representing 100
percent of the in-place coal in those categories as of a certain date. Includes beds of
bituminous coal and anthracite 28 or more inches thick and beds of subbituminous
coal 60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths of as much as 1,000 feet. Includes
beds of lignite 60 or more inches thick that can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that currently are being mined or for which there is
evidence that they could be mined commercially at a given time. Represents that
portion of the identified coal resource from which reserves are calculated.
Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor gasoline,
added to fuel ethanol to make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5
volume percent denaturant. See Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural
gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils obtained in petroleum refining
operation or blends of such distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor
391
vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than for
gasoline.
Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is produced by either the
same entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support of
a service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities that
house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions
produced in conventional distillation operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel
oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highway
diesel engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, as well as off-highway
engines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products
known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating and
electricity generation.
Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processes
crude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and a fractionation tower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in the
crude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuously vaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling point
material. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties of the crude oil, and the product specifications.
District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as an energy
source in a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and is
piped into the building. District heat may be purchased from a utility or provided
by a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (for
example, a hospital complex or university).
Dry Hole: An exploratory well or development well found to be incapable of
producing either crude oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as a crude oil well or natural gas well.
Electric Non-Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or sells electricity, or

sells or trades electricity services and products, where costs are not established
and recovered by regulatory authority. Examples of these entities include, but are
not limited to, independent power producers, power marketers and aggregators
(both wholesale and retail), merchant transmission service providers, selfgeneration entities, and cogeneration firms with Qualifying Facility Status. See
Electric Utility.
Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and
auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into
electric energy.
Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North
American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business
is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Note: This sector
includes electric utilities and independent power producers. See Energy-Use
Sectors.
Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or distributes electricity
and recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets and
operations, either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by a separate
regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Commission), or is owned by a
governmental unit or the consumers that the entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts, public utility
districts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and State and Federal agencies. Electric utilities may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval
for interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs covering either costof-service and/or market-based rates under the authority of the Federal Power Act.
See Electric Non-Utility.
Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy lost during generation,
transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.
Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemical change.
Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.
E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent motor

gasoline.
Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy, or the amount

of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy; commonly
expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). See Electricity
Generation, Gross and Electricity Generation, Net.
Electric Energy: The ability of an electric current to produce work, heat, light, or
other forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthours.
Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced by

generating units and measured at the generating terminal.
Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry) Production.
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Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less

station use (the electric energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station
service or auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric
pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deducted
from gross generation.
Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold by electric utilities and
other energy service providers to customers purchasing electricity for their own
use and not for resale.
Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.
Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere. In the context of
global climate change, they consist of radiatively important greenhouse gases
(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion).
End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation
sectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors.
Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing
work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic
energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can
be changed to another form useful for work. Most of the worlds convertible
energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is then used
as a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks.
Electric energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually
measured in British thermal units.
Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as an
input in the manufacturing process.
Energy Expenditures: The money spent directly by consumers to purchase
energy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer times the
price per unit paid by the consumer.
Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides service to a retail or enduse customer.
Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomenon that can be consumed or
transformed to supply heat or power. Examples include petroleum, coal, natural
gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geothermal, sunlight (solar energy),
water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.
Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming components of

U.S. society developed to measure and analyze energy use. The sectors most
commonly referred to in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.
Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C2H6). It is a colorless,
paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It is
extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams.
Ether: The family name applied to a group of organic chemical compounds composed
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and which are characterized by an oxygen atom
attached to two carbon atoms (for example, methyl tertiary butyl ether).
Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol. Ethanol is typically
produced biologically from biomass feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be produced
chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Minus
Denaturant.
Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorless, flammable, oxygenated hydrocarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed by the catalytic etherification of
isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.
Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstock for numerous
chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.
Eurasia: The physical land mass containing the continents of Europe and Asia.
For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it includes the former parts
of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce crude oil or natural gas in
an area previously considered unproductive, to find a new reservoir in a known field
(i.e., one previously producing crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir), or to
extend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas reservoir.
Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.
Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of
natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas
processing plants.
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Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipeline rates, and natural gas pipeline certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Department of
Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.
Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created by
an Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was
charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It
was abolished on September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy was
created. Its functions were divided between the U.S. Department of Energy and the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.
Financial Reporting System (FRS): The U.S. Energy Information Administrations
statutory requirement to identify major energy-producing companies and develop and
implement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating information
from these companies. Companies are selected if they are within the top 50 publiclyowned U.S. crude oil producers that have at least 1 percent of either production or
reserves of crude oil, natural gas, coal, or uranium in the United States, or 1 percent
of either refining capacity or petroleum product sales in the United States.
Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any
specified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all
wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and (3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack
wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells does not include footage in
the common bore, which is reported as footage for the original well. In the case of
old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below the
total depth of the old well.
Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capital costs that will be incurred in
any future production of uranium from in-place reserves. Included are costs for
labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxes, insurance, and general and
administrative costs that are dependent upon the quantity of production and, thus,
applicable as variable costs of production. Excluded from forward costs are prior
expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisition, exploration, mine development, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, profit, and the cost of money.
Note: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserves for uranium ore deposits in
differing geological settings can be aggregated and reported as the maximum
amount that can theoretically be extracted to recover the specified costs of uranium
oxide production under the listed forward cost categories.
Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earths crust from decayed organic
material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Finished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Finished.

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price.
First Use: Manufacturing establishments consumption of the energy that was
originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy.
Fiscal Year: The U.S. Governments fiscal year runs from October 1 through
September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends;
e.g., fiscal year 2002 began on October 1, 2001, and ended on September 30, 2002.
Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the

prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler by
heat from burning fossil fuels.
Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydrocarbons are removed from
natural gas and separated into distinct parts, or fractions such as propane,
butane, and ethane.
Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commodity at the port of exportation,
generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the
commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.
Flared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared.

Flue Gas Desulfurization: Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the
combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Also referred
to as scrubbers. Chemicals such as lime are used as scrubbing media.
F.O.B.: See Free on Board.
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Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in which the seller makes the product
available for pick up at a specified port or terminal at a specified price and the buyer
pays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.
Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of coal at the
point of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.
Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol in the United States
must be anhydrous (less than 1 percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (made
unfit for human consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or
conventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in low
concentrations with motor gasoline as an oxygenate or octane enhancer. In high
concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially designed for its
use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol
Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.
Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in

megawatts (MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summer peak demand (period of June 1
through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to electricity
use for station service or auxiliaries.
Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity of anhydrous,

biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for fuel use. The quantity is obtained by
subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume. Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable energy, while denaturant is counted
as nonrenewable fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable
Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.
Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface temperature of the Earth. Global

warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the
term is today most often used to refer to the warming some scientists predict will
occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. See
Climate Change.
Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating unit at 100 percent of

its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.
Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent
by volume. See Oxygenates.
Generating Unit: Any combination of physically connected generators, reactors,
boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime movers operated together to produce
electric power.
Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electric energy.
Generator Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in megawatts
(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, adjusted for ambient
conditions. See Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity and Generator Net
Summer Capacity.
Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electric energy produced by a
generating unit for a given period of time to the electric energy that could have
been produced at continuous full-power operation during the same period.
Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs in

the Earths crust and used for geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity
generation.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing
that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that
from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time, such as
100 years.
Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but
opaque to long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from
leaving the Earths atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation
and a tendency to warm the planets surface.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods and services
produced by labor and property located in the United States. As long as the
labor and property are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the
workers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents
of foreign countries.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measure used to
convert nominal prices to real prices. See Chained Dollars.
Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Gross.
Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: The maximum rated output of a

generator, prime mover, or other electric power production equipment under
specific conditions designated by the manufacturer. Installed generator nameplate
capacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (MW) and is usually indicated on a
nameplate physically attached to the generator.
Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals.

Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input to
atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate,
395
natural gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils,
and other liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be released by the transformation or use of a specified physical unit of an energy form (e.g., a short ton of coal, a
barrel of crude oil, a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas, or a
pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly expressed in British thermal
units (Btu). Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in terms
of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating value) or net heat content (lower
heating value), depending upon whether or not the available heat energy includes or
excludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in the original energy form or
created during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administration
typically uses gross heat content values.
Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as
Btu per kilowatthour. Note: Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat
rates, depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat rates
are typically expressed as net heat rates.
Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated persons
occupying the same housing unit. Occupy means the housing unit was the
persons usual or permanent place of residence.
Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it is
either occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family,
an individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quarters means the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in the
house or apartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildings
or through a common hallthat is, they can get to it without going through
someone elses living quarters. Housing units do not include group quarters such
as prisons or nursing homes where ten or more unrelated persons live. A
common dining area used by residents is an indication of group quarters. Hotel
and motel rooms are considered housing units if occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence.
Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the
gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds
varies from the simplest (methane, a constituent of natural gas) to the very heavy
and very complex.
Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from the kinetic energy of
falling water. See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional and Hydroelectric
Pumped Storage.
Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelectric power generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.
396
Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric power that is generated during

peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do so.
When additional generating capacity is needed, the water can be released from the
reservoir through a conduit to turbine generators located in an electric power plant
at a lower level.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one
or two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hydrogen and fluorine atoms. Most
HFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in the thousands.
Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combination
with oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other
hydrocarbons.
Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert nominal
prices to real prices.
Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the District of Columbia from
U.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countries.
Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other
legal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates facilities for the generation of
electricity for use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility. Independent power producers are included in the electric power sector.
Indicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estimates of the coal rank, quality,
and quantity are based partly on sample analyses and measurements and partly
on reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partly
from specified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for a
reasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observation
are to 1 miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a -mile-wide
belt that lies more than mile from the outcrop or points of observation or
measurement.
Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and
equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial
sector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICS codes
31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction (NAICS code 23).
Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heat and cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and
lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inputs to manufactured products.
Note: This sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities. Various
EIA programs differ in sectoral coveragefor more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm.
See End-Use
Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Isobutane: See Butane.
Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation
of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines. See Jet Fuel,
Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and a
final maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting ASTM
Specification 1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D
(Grades JP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range, with an
average gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperature of
290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L
(Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft
engines because it has a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meets
engine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.
Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves,
and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wickfed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees
Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees
Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are
No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification D3699
as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have
properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.
Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.
Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.
Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as a unit of work or

energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) of power expended for 1 hour.
One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.
Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.
Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations (such
as natural gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plants.
Lease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons which is recovered as a liquid from natural gas in lease separation facilities.
This category excludes natural gas plant liquids, such as butane and propane,
which are recovered at downstream natural gas processing plants or facilities.
Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost
exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is brownish-black and has
a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat content
of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13
million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent
moisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been
liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric
pressure.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon-based gases derived
from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation. They include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene. For convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied through
pressurization.
Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied petroleum gases fractionated from
refinery or still gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retained
in the liquid state. The reported categories are ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Excludes still gas.
Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.
Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear generating units initial
fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. The maximum
level of operation during that period is 5 percent of the units design thermal rating.
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Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacture of other
products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be
produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades of lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.
Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector that
consists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical, chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or components into new
products. Assembly of component parts of products is included, except for that
which is included in construction.
Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Gas Marketed Production.
Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the coal rank,
quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than 20
percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically
well known sample sites. Measured resources are computed from dimensions revealed
in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. The points of observation and
measurement are so closely spaced and the thickness and extent of coals are so well
defined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 percent. Although the spacing of the point of observation necessary to demonstrate continuity of the coal differs
from region to region, according to the character of the coalbeds, the points of observation are no greater than mile apart. Measured coal is projected to extend as a
belt mile wide from the outcrop or points of observation or measurement.
Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydrocarbon gas (CH4), which is the
major component of natural gas. It is also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial processes.
Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for motor gasoline blending.
See Oxygenates.
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ether, (CH3)3COCH3, intended for
motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.
Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewherefor example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic
extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, synthetic
natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.
Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor gasoline blending
components and oxygenates as required, to produce finished motor gasoline.
Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor gasoline blending
398
components or oxygenates, resulting in increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g., conventional
motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce oxygenated motor gasoline).
Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas (e.g., straight-run gasoline,
alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used for blending or compounding into
finished motor gasoline. These components include reformulated gasoline blendstock
for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane,
and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygenates are reported as individual components and are
included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.
Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline not included in the
oxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline categories. Note: This category
excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as well
as other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can be leaded or unleaded;
regular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons
with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use
in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification D-4814 or
Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of
122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point to 365 to 374
degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point. Motor gasoline includes
conventional motor gasoline, all types of oxygenated motor gasoline including
gasohol, and reformulated motor gasoline, but excludes aviation gasoline. Note:
Volumetric data on motor gasoline blending components, as well as oxygenates,
are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending components are
blended into the gasoline.
Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by octane ratings. Each
type of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, and reformulated; leaded or
unleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note:
Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at
the time of sale. In general, automotive octane requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain
States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be 2 or more octane points
lower.
Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,
greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.
Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,
greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90.
Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,
greater than 90.
Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by
weight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be
sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas.
Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated
gasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending
(RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and is
intended for sale inside CO nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated gasoline. Other data on gasohol (for use outside of nonattainment areas) are
included in data on conventional gasoline.
Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline formulated for use in
motor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meet the requirements
of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. It includes gasoline produced to meet or exceed emissions performance and benzene content
standards of federal-program reformulated gasoline even though the gasoline
may not meet all of the composition requirements (e.g. oxygen content) of
federal-program reformulated gasoline. Note: This category includes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG). Reformulated gasoline
excludes reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) and gasoline
treated as blendstock (GTAB).
MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.
NAICS: See North American Industry Classification System.
Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an approximate
boiling range between 122 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.
Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.
Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in
buildings, and as raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.
Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1) the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field,
and/or plant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have
been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The
parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73
pounds per square inch absolute.
Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural

gas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes used at the production site include
1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and
conservation operations; and 2) vented natural gas and flared natural gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide,
helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and 2) gas
converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate and natural gas plant liquids.
Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part
of production. Dry natural gas production equals natural gas marketed production less extraction loss.
Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants.
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream volume of produced natural
gas, excluding lease condensate separated at the lease.
Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated from the gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation,
adsorption, or other methods in gas processing or cycling plants. Generally such
liquids consist of propane and heavier hydrocarbons and are commonly referred
to as lease condensate, natural gasoline, and liquefied petroleum gases. Natural
gas liquids include natural gas plant liquids (primarily ethane, propane,
butane, and isobutane) and lease condensate (primarily pentanes produced from
natural gas at lease separators and field facilities).
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Natural gas gross withdrawals from production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases
removed in treating or processing operations; and quantities of vented natural gas and
flared natural gas. Includes all quantities of natural gas used in field and processing
operations.
Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with such equipment as
valves, compressor stations, communications systems, and meters, for transporting natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fuels from one point to another, usually
from a point in or beyond the producing field or processing plant to another pipeline
or to points of utilization. Also refers to a company operating such facilities.
Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that
are separated as liquids at natural gas processing plants, fractionating and cycling
plants, and, in some instances, field facilities. Lease condensate is excluded.
Products obtained include ethane; liquefied petroleum gases (propane,
butanes, propane-butane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures); isopentane; and
399
other small quantities of finished products, such as motor gasoline, special naphthas, jet fuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. See Natural Gas Liquids.
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they reflect buying power in
the year in which the transaction occurred.
Natural Gas Processing Plant: A surface installation designed to separate and

recover natural gas liquids from a stream of produced natural gas through the
processes of condensation, absorption, refrigeration, or other methods, and to
control the quality of natural gas marketed or returned to oil or gas reservoirs for
pressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.
Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin that is a byproduct or a

discarded product. Non-biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from nonbiogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.
Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into the air on the production site or at
processing plants.
Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas from one or
more natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing both crude oil and natural
gas are classified as crude oil wells.)
Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas calculated by dividing the total
reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by the
appropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance,
and similar charges.
Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and heavier)
extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includes
isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
NERC: See North American Electric Reliability Corporation.
Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Net.
Noncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or more peak loads on individual
systems that do not occur in the same time interval. Meaningful only in the context
of loads within a limited period of time, such as day, week, month, a heating or cooling season, and usually for not more than 1 year.
Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.
Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or "renewed," such as
crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
Normal Butane: See Butane.
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC): A nonprofit corporation formed in 2006 as the successor to the North American Electric Reliability Council established to develop and maintain mandatory reliability standards
for the bulk electric system, with the fundamental goal of maintaining and
improving the reliability of that system. NERC consists of regional reliability
entities covering the interconnected power regions of the contiguous United
States,
Canada,
and
Mexico.
See
the
NERC
regions
at
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/fig02.html.
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS): A classification
scheme, developed by the Office of Management and Budget to replace the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) System, that categorizes establishments according to
the types of production processes they primarily use.
Net Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summer Capacity.

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally between Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia under a 1992 agreement.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity generated by the use of the
thermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.
Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multi-unit facility in which heat
produced in one or more reactors by the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive
one or more steam turbines.
Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominal price.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service at the time of the
transaction. Nominal prices are those that have not been adjusted to remove the
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Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission chain reaction can be

initiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material), moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavy-walled
pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a

system to conduct heat away from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring
and controlling the reactor's systems.
Octane Rating: A number used to indicate gasoline's antiknock performance in
motor vehicle engines. The two recognized laboratory engine test methods for determining the antiknock rating, i.e., octane rating, of gasolines are the Research
method and the Motor method. To provide a single number as guidance to the
consumer, the antiknock index (R + M)/2, which is the average of the Research and
Motor octane numbers, was developed.
OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, the
coastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portion of the coast that
is in direct contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward limit of
inland water. If a State agency uses a different basis for classifying onshore and
offshore areas, the State classification is used (e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined as the Chapman Line, as modified by subsequent adjudication).
Oil: See Crude Oil.
OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., coal sold to companies
other than the reporting company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of the
parent company. See Captive Coal.
Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a nuclear generating unit that has
completed low-power testing and is in possession of a full-power operating license
issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in one of the following three categories at the beginning of a given year: in operation; not in operation and not under
active repair, but capable of being placed into operation within 30 days; or not in
operation, but under active repair that could be completed within 90 days.
Operating Income: Operating revenues less operating expenses. Excludes items of
other revenue and expense, such as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates,
dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, and
cumulative effect of accounting changes.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping governments tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership comprises about 30
member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach. For
details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad Conference on
September 1014, 1960. Current members (with years of membership) include
Algeria (1969present), Angola (2007present), Ecuador (19731992 and
2007present), Iran (1960present), Iraq (1960present), Kuwait (1960present),
Libya (1962present), Nigeria (1971present), Qatar (1961present), Saudi Arabia
(1960present), United Arab Emirates (1967present), and Venezuela
(1960present).
Countries no longer members of OPEC include Gabon
(19751994) and Indonesia (19622008).
Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.
Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to motor gasoline, increase the
amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and methanol are common oxygenates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.
Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally in the
stratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and a
major component of photochemical smog.
PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were originally instituted for
economic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW)
Districts, which were established in 1942.
Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustion
gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectors
include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones, fabric filters
[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.
Peak Kilowatt: Thousand peak watts.
401
Peak Watt: A manufacturer's unit indicating the amount of power a photovoltaic

cell or module will produce at standard test conditions (normally 1,000 watts per
square meter and 25 degrees Celsius).
Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted
from natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gasoline, and plant condensate.
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one or
two carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, containing no chlorine. PFCs have
no commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct of aluminum smelting and semiconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100-year global warming potentials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.
Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are
crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the
processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of finished
petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compounds, such as additives and
detergents, after they have been blended into the products.
Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.
Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplied (Petroleum).
Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50 States and the District of
Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and
other U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshore
consumption, offshore bunker use, and military use. Excluded are receipts of
foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S.
Foreign Trade Zones.
Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines used to transport crude oil and
petroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompany
pipelines), within the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Petroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtained from the processing of
crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon
compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum
gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,
kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil,
402
petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum

coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleum products, quantities that
are held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and at bulk terminals that have a
capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by
product retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point of
consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual products held at gas processing
plants are excluded from individual product estimates but are included in other
oil estimates and total.
Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated from sunlight through
solid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving parts.
Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of interconnected photovoltaic cells
designed to deliver a selected level of working voltage and current at its output
terminals, packaged for protection against environmental degradation, and suited for
incorporation in photovoltaic power systems.
Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in
compressors.
Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavier
hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.
Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical
energy balance, before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of
energy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic gas, which can be
converted to electricity; in this example, coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is
secondary energy, and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy Production and Primary Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary energy. (Energy
sources that are produced from other energy sourcese.g., coal coke from
coalare included in primary energy consumption only if their energy content has
not already been included as part of the original energy source. Thus, U.S. primary
energy consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the coal coke
produced from domestic coal.) The U.S. Energy Information Administration
includes the following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption; coal
coke net imports; petroleum consumption (petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel); dry natural
gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional
hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat
rate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal
plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate);
wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel
ethanol and biodiesel consumption; losses and co-products from the production of
fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using the
electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). See Total Energy
Consumption.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The U.S. Energy
Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and
lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural
gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional
hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat
rate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal
plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy;
solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that
drives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts
energy to electricity directly.
Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acquisition, processing, and transportation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes three categories: natural gas lease
and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operations, and oil refinery operations.
Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of

petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products
from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas processing plants, blending
plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery
production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts when
calculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses,
minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.
Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless
paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted
from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated in
ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for
commercial propane and HD-5 propane.
Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered from refinery processes or
petrochemical processes.
Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated quantities of all liquids defined as
crude oil that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable
certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing
economic and operating conditions.
Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volumes of lease condensate expected
to be recovered in future years in conjunction with the production of proved
reserves of natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.
Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas that
analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty
to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic
and operating conditions.
Processing Gain: The volumetric amount by which total output is greater than
input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude
oil into petroleum products which, in total, have a lower specific gravity than the
crude oil processed.
Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids
(including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable in the future from proved natural gas reserves, under existing economic and
operating conditions.
Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by which total refinery output is less than
input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude
oil into petroleum products which, in total, have a higher specific gravity than the
crude oil processed.
Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the
purchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant
403
dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. See Chained Dollars.
Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost.
of energy include conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind,

and biomass.
Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.
Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel that is methanol, ethanol, or
other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases, hydrogen, coal-derived
liquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from solar energy), ethers, biodiesel,
or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determines, by rule, is substantially not
petroleum and would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits.
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending
components processed at refineries, or blended at refineries or petroleum storage
terminals to produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross inputs of
crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen,
oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including fuel
ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils, motor gasoline blending components, and aviation gasoline blending components. Net inputs are
calculated as gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net inputs indicate
gross inputs are less than gross production. Examples of negative net inputs
include reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB)
produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals, and unfinished oils
produced and added to inventory in advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil distillation unit.
Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery gases, and finished
petroleum products produced at a refinery or petroleum storage terminal
blending facility. Net production equals gross production minus gross inputs.
Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for a
finished petroleum product. Examples of negative net production include reclassification of one finished product to another finished product, or reclassification
of a finished product to unfinished oils or blending components.
Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and
alcohol.
Reformulated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Reformulated.
Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It
may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.
Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse mine or the coal recaptured
by that process. The resulting product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration
of noncombustible materials.
Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil or natural gas formations to
effect greater ultimate recovery.
Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters for
private households. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include
space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and
running a variety of other appliances. The residential sector excludes institutional
living quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coveragefor further
explanation see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm. See
End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, that
remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away
in refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications D396 and D975 and
Federal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity,
is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification MIL-F859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used in steampowered vessels in government service and inshore electric power plants. No. 6
fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for electricity generation, space
heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.
Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil, used as a
dust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally
produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.
Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tube attached
to a bit for boring holes through rock.
Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royalty
contract.
Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finite supply). Renewable sources
404
Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.
Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation and

convert it to thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a
frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat
collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored for
later use. Solar collectors are used for space heating, domestic hot water
heating, and heating swimming pools, hot tubs, or spas.
Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that can be converted into
other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.
Space Heating: The use of energy to generate heat for warmth in housing units
using space-heating equipment. The equipment could be the main space-heating
equipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use of
energy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that give
off heat as a byproduct.
Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum products within the naphtha boiling
range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents. Those products are
refined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas include all commercial
hexane and cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications D1836 and
D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed as motor gasoline or
aviation gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical feedstocks or synthetic
natural gas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.
Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an industrial process; can be a component of waste materials used as fuel.
Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.
Spot Price: The price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery of the specific quantity of product at a specific location where the commodity is
purchased on the spot at current market rates.
Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric power plant. It includes
energy consumed for plant lighting, power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of
whether the energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.
Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the prime mover
is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler where
fossil fuels are burned.
Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries
by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal
constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene,

propane, propylene, etc. Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petrochemical feedstock. The conversion factor is 6 million Btu per fuel oil equivalent
barrel.
Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future use. See Crude Oil Stocks, Coal
Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks maintained by the Federal
Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to
those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power
generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower
end of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper
end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight.
The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per
short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per short
ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral
matter). See Coal Rank.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorless gas soluble in water, alcohol,
and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in paper pulping and ore refining, and
as a solvent.
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, and
slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielectric in electronics. It possesses the
highest 100-year global warming potential of any gas (23,900).
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance introduced into or commingled with natural gas that increases the volume available for disposition. Such
substances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke-oven
gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added for Btu stabilization.
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas.) A
manufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting
from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that may easily be substituted
for or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.
Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data between physical
units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) and thermal units of
measure (such as British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for convertingdata between different thermal units of measure. See Btu Coversion Factor.
405
Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use

sectors, plus electricity retail sales and electrical system energy losses.
Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquid components,

excluding those in plant condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.
Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all vehicles

whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical
location to another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains,
subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterborne
vehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction
cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse tractors and forklifts) are
classified in the sector of their primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ in
sectoral
coveragefor
more
information
see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm. See End-Use Sectors
and Energy-Use Sectors.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political entity that consisted of 15

constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and
Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of December 31, 1991.
Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between the

calculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated
supply is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oil
stocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input to
refineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.
Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differences between the sum of the
components of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gas
disposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects of
data reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the net
result of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperatures and pressure
bases and converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect of
variations in company accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle and calendar-period time frames; and imbalances resulting from the
merger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type
of respondents.
Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sub-surface facilities for storing
natural gas that has been transferred from its original location. The facilities are
usually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoirs (depleted crude oil or natural gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an impermeable cap rock (aquifer).
Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil and Natural Gas): Those
economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet undiscovered, that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.
Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring only
mechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced by partial refining of crude oil
and include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy gas oils,
and residuum.
406
United States: The 50 States and the District of Columbia. Note: The United States
has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and other political entities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, including Puerto Rico, the U.S.
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island,
and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs may include data from some or
all of these areas in U.S. totals. For these programs, data products will contain notes
explaining the extent of geographic coverage included under the term United States.
Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Its
two principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235
is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it is the only isotope existing in
nature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotope
that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, which also is fissionable by thermal neutrons.
Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling of
uranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct of
phosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.
Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that can
be mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 (uranium oxide) per
ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8
Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8.
Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories of uranium resources defined by
the international community to reflect differing levels of confidence in the existence of
the resources. Reasonably assured resources (RAR), estimated additional resources
(EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described below.
Reasonably assured resources (RAR): Uranium that occurs in known
mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could be
recovered within the given production cost ranges, with currently proven
mining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade are
based on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and on
knowledge of deposit characteristics. Note: RAR corresponds to DOEs

uranium reserves category.
Estimated additional resources (EAR): Uranium in addition to RAR that
is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, in little-explored deposits, and in undiscovered deposits believed to exist along well-defined geological trends
with known deposits. This uranium can subsequently be recovered within
the given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics, as
determined in the best-known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits.
Note: EAR corresponds to DOEs probable potential resources category.
Speculative resources (SR): Uranium in addition to EAR that is thought
to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable with existing exploration techniques. The
location of deposits in this category can generally be specified only as
being somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The estimates
in this category are less reliable than estimates of RAR and EAR. Note:
SR corresponds to the combination of DOEs possible potential resources
and speculative potential resources categories.
Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combinedheat-and-power system for use in any industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal energy
made available for processes and applications other than electricity generation.
U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.
Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or private boats,
such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S.
Armed Forces.
Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.
Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing
operations. Waste coal is usually composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine
waste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal,
coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob,
and lignite waste.
Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere under a pressure of one
volt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.
Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measure equal to one watt of power
supplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily for one hour.
Wax: A solid or semi-solid material at 77 degrees Fahrenheit consisting of a
mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived from petroleum fractions, or
through a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in which the straight chained paraffin
series predominates. This includes all marketable wax, whether crude or refined,
with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 80 (or 85) and 240 degrees Fahrenheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent.
Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producing
crude oil or natural gas; or (2) producing services related to the production of
crude oil or natural gas. See Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production),
Crude Oil Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, Exploratory Well, and Natural
Gas Well.
Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/or natural gas) exits the ground.
Following historical precedent, the volume and price for crude oil production are
labeled as wellhead, even though the cost and volume are now generally measured
at the lease boundary. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term wellhead
is the generic term used to reference the production site or lease property.
Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at the mouth of the well.
See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.
Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment generally used for downhole services after a well is drilled. Services include well completions and recompletions,
maintenance, repairs, workovers, and well plugging and abandonments. Jobs range
from minor operations, such as pulling the rods and rod pumps out of a crude oil
well, to major workovers, such as milling out and repairing collapsed casing. Well
depth and characteristics determine the type of equipment used.
Western Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Macedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
and the United Kingdom.
Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion that can be converted to
mechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and electric power generators.
407
Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products derived from wood that are
used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark,
sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility poles, black liquor,
red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, and other wood-based solids and liquids.
Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir that is in addition to the cushion
or base gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawn during any particular
408
withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working capacity could be

used more than once during any season.
Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate that takes its name from its color
and texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 percent U3O8 (uranium
oxide) by weight. It is used as feedstock for uranium fuel enrichment and fuel
pellet fabrication.

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Annual Energy Review 2009

Important Notes About the Data

Released for printing: August 19, 2010

Printed with soy ink on recycled paper.

Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew Breslin

6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joseph Conklin

7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paulette Young

8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Channele Wirman

9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John R. Moens

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louise Guey-Lee

11. International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Petroleum Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Coal Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Figure 2. Energy Consumption per Person

Figure 4. Primary Energy Consumption by Source

See Chained Dollars in Glossary.

After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar's worth of

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Figure 8. Residential and Commercial Total Energy

Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

All four major economic sectors of the economy recorded tremendous

Figure 9. Industrial Total Energy Consumption, Major Sources

Figure 10. Transportation Total Energy Consumption

Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

Transportation sector use of energy experienced tremendous growth overall;

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Production and Trade

Figure 12. Production as Share of Consumption for Coal,

Figure 13. Primary Energy Imports and Exports

Natural gas plant liquids.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Petroleum Overview and Crude Oil Production

Figure 15. 48 States and Alaskan Crude Oil Production

Million Barrels per Day

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.

Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity

United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981

Barrels per Day per Well

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Petroleum Consumption and Prices