ICME 11-TH-042

STUDY OF TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER OF A SOLID WITH PROTECTIVE FABRIC UNDER HOT AIR JET IMPINGEMENT
MA Islam, AA Rezwan, S Hossain and AKMN Islam

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh

Outline
Motivation Background of the Study Methodology Mathematical Model Experimental Setup Results Comparison with the Standards Further Improvement
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Motivation

Fire Fighters against the Inferno

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Background
The most frequent injuries that the firefighters and also the employees working in many hazardous chemical environment suffers are burns The most obvious reason for their burn injuries is the high heat flux exposures The present study focuses on the measurement of heat flux on a surface that can be imitated as a skin for a high heat flux exposure with a protective fabric support

How far can we prevent the fire burn wound?

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Skin

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Skin Burn Injuries

Burn Injuries Layer Involved Appearance Texture Sensation Time to Healing

First Degree Second Degree Third Degree

Epidermis

Redness Red with clear blister Stiff and white / brown

Dry

Painful

1 week or less 2-3 weeks Requires excision

Dermis
Extend through entire Dermis

Moist

Painful

Dry,
Leathery

Painless

Fourth Degree

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Extends through Charred skin, with eschar subcutane ous tissue

Dry

Painless
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Requires excision

Methodology

Thermocouple Position Schematic Diagram of the Experiment ICME 11-TH-042

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Mathematical Model
Semi- Infinite Solid Model 2 1 = 2 Boundary Condition T(x,0) = Ti

|=0

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Mathematical Model
The solution for the case
, = 2
2 4

1 erf 2

On the surface (x = 0) this equation reduces to

=
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Mathematical Model
Newtons law of cooling is used to calculate the local heat transfer coefficient, h. = ( (0,) ) Nusselt Number =

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Experimental Setup

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Experimental Setup: Heater Section

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Cut-way View of Heater Section

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Experimental Setup: Fabric Holder

Fabric Holder Assembly (Wooden Frame)

Connection with the Pico System

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Experimental Condition
Parameters Jet Velocity (m/s) Temperature (C) Nozzle Dia (mm) l/d r/d Environment Temp. (C) Values 19, 15 125 25.4 2, 4, 6 -4.5 ~ 4.5 25 ~ 32

Aluminized glass fiber with Protective Fabric vapor absorbent stitched with Kevlar fiber (NAFFCO) Base Plate Hardboard (Massonite)
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Protective Fabric
Exposed Surface

Inner Surface
Brand: NAFFCO Model: KA 800 (PO 300) Aluminized glass fiber with vapor absorbent stitched with Kevlar fiber
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RESULTS
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Temperature Variation with Time

100
Temperature (C) 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Time (sec) 100 4.5 3 1.5 Center -1.5 -3

l/d = 2 V = 19m/s Without FR Fabric

-4.5

Temperature (C)

4.5

l/d = 2 V = 19m/s Without FR Fabric

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3 1.5

80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60
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Center
-1.5 -3 -4.5

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Time (sec)

Surface Heat Flux variation with Time for different l/d Position
4 3.5 Surface Heat Flux, q (kW/m) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5

V = 15 m/s
l/d=2 l/d=4 l/d=6 l/d=2 wf l/d=4 wf

l/d=6 wf

0
0
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30

60

90 120 Time, t (sec)

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150

180

Surface Heat Flux variation with Time for different Velocity

4 3.5 Surface Heat Flux, q (kW/m) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5

Dashed Line: With FR Suit Solid Line: Without FR Suit

l/d = 2
V=15 m/s V=19 m/s

0
0
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30

60

90 120 Time, t (sec)

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150

180

Surface Heat Flux variation with Time for different Velocity

4 Surface Heat Flux, q (kW/m) 3.5 3

Dashed Line: With FR Suit Solid Line: Without FR Suit

2.5
2 1.5 1 0.5

l/d = 6
V=15 m/s V=19 m/s

0
0
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30

60

90 120 Time, t (sec)

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150

180

Nusselt Number variation across Radial Position for different Exposure Time
45 40 35 30 Nu 25 20

l/d = 4 V = 19 m/s
t=30s
t=65s t=180s

15
10 5

0 -4.50
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-3.00

-1.50

0.00 r/d

1.50

3.00

4.50

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Nusselt Number variation across Radial Position for different l/d Position
45 40 35 30 Nu 25 20 l/d=4 l/d=6 l/d=2

Time = 65s V = 19 m/s

15
10 5

0 -4.50
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-3.00

-1.50

0.00 r/d

1.50

3.00

4.50

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How far can we prevent the fire burn wound?

THE SAFETY COMPARISON

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Human Tissue Tolerance to Pain Sensation

Stoll Criterion 30 25 Heat Flux (kW/m) 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 Exposure Time (sec) 40 50 l/d = 2 V = 19 m/s Without FR With FR

*Stoll, A. M. and Chianta, M. A. Method and Rating System for evaluations of Thermal Protection Aerospace Medicine, Vol. 40, 1969 *ASTM Standard: F1060-05 Standard Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for Protective Clothing 20 December 2011 ICME 11-TH-042 for Hot Surface Contact

Human Tissue Tolerance to Second Degree Burn

Stoll Criterion 50 45 40 Heat Flux (kW/m) 35 l/d = 2 V = 19 m/s Without FR With FR

30
25 20 15 10

5
0 0 5 10 15 Exposure Time (sec) 20 25 30

*Stoll, A. M. and Chianta, M. A. Method and Rating System for evaluations of Thermal Protection Aerospace Medicine, Vol. 40, 1969 *ASTM Standard: F1060-05 Standard Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for Protective Clothing 20 December 2011 ICME 11-TH-042 for Hot Surface Contact

Related Work
1. Lee, S., Park, C., Kulkarni, D., Tamanna, S., Knox, T., 2010, Heat and Mass Transfer in a Permeable Fabric System under Hot Air Jet Impingement, Proc. Int. Heat Transfer Conf. (IHTC14) 2. Anguiano, R. M., 2006, Transient Heat Transfer through Thin Fibrous Layer, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Emonton, Albarta, Canada 3. Torvi, D. A., 1997, Heat Transfer in Thin Fibrous Materials Under High Heat Flux Conditions, Ph.D Thesis, University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta

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Future Work
Develop a model for computational technique and validate the simulated result for the improvement of protective fiber Study the heat & mass transfer of the fire resistive fabric under Steam Exposure Study the heat transfer of the fire resistive fabric under diffusion flame using different flammable liquid
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Thank You