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Fig.2, Chucking of Material Fig.3, Handles of a Lathe CAUTIONS! When we use a lathe, the following things must take great care. (1) Don't keep a chuck handle attached by the chuck. Next, it flies at the moment of turning a lathe. (2) Don't touch the byte table into the rotating chuck. Not only a byte but the table or the lathe are damaged.
Rotating Speed It expresses with the number of rotations (rpm) of the chuck of a lathe. When the rotating speed is high, processing speed becomes quick, and a processing surface is finely finished. However, since a little operation mistakes may lead to the serious accident, it is better to set low rotating speed at the first stage. Cutting Depth Fig.4, Three Important Elements The cutting depth of the tool affects to the processing speed and the roughness of surface. When the cutting depth is big, the processing speed becomes quick, but A beginner of a lathe must operate with low rotating the surface temperature becomes high, and it has rough sopeed, small cutting depth and low sending speed. surface. Moreover, a life of byte also becomes short. If you do not know a suitable cutting depth, it is better to set to small value. Sending Speed (Feed) The sending speed of the tool also affects to the processing speed and the roughness of surface. When the sending speed is high, the processing speed becomes quick. When the sending speed is low, the surface is finished beautiful. There are 'manual sending' which turns and operates a handle, and 'automatic sending' which advances a byte automatically. A beginner must use the manual sending. Because serious accidents may be caused, such as touching the rotating chuck around the byte in automatic sending,.
The cutting tool shown in Figure 5(c) is called a boring bar. It is used to cut at an inside surface. It can make a big hole, which cannot be process by a drill, and an high accurate hole. Easy Processing and Hard Processing The general cutting tool, shown in Figure 5(a) is the most easy hangling. Then the shape, which can be make using only the general cutting tool, has easy processing. In the case of the parting or prooving, The process becomes hard with decreasing of the width of a alot, and increasing of the depth. In the case of using of the boring bar, the process of a penetrated hole is not so hard. But the process of no-penetrated hole is somewhat hard. Because we cannot see the bottom surface in during process. In such cases, we decide the location of the tool with the sound or the scale of lathe. Moreover, the process of a small hole (less than 10 mm) or a depth hole is too hard. Of course, there are impossible shapes as shown in Figure 6(c). In such case, the part must be divided or have any contrivances. Hearing the Sound In the case of the lathe process, sharpness is known from scraps of the material or a processing surface. In addition, it is also important to hear the sound. For example, when the sound is too high, the processing is not suitable. It is caused by the bad edge of the tool, too higher rotating speed of the lathe, or vibrating of a thin material.