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Nitrogen Metabolism
Entrance of Nitrogen to the body Amino Acids Other Compounds Nitrogen Leaves the Body as Urea Ammonia Uric Acid and other Compounds
Protein Turnover
Replacement of lost proteins
Protein Turnover
Synthesis
Protein Concentration
Degradation
Protein Degradation
Ubiquitin-Proteasome Lysosomes Energy- Dependent Non-energydependent Endogenous Proteins Extracellular and Cell surface Proteins
Nitrogen Balance
Amino Acids are NOT Stored in the Body Protein turnover
Daily synthesis = Daily degradation
(Transaminase)
Amine
Aldehyde
S1
P1
S2
P2
ENZYME
Glutamine
ADP + Pi
Glu + Pyruvate
Ketoglutarate + Alanine
10
Urea
The Major Disposal Form of Amino Groups Derived from A.Acids
Ammonia Aspartate
11
O=
H2O
Fumarate
4
5
Arginine Urea
Agininosuccinate
Ornithine
2
Aspartate
Citrulline
1
NH3 +CO2
12
13
+ 2ADP + Pi
14
15
16
Hyperammonimia
Plasma Level of Ammonia is Normally Low High Levels >> Ammonia Intoxication:
Inherited Defects in the Urea Cycle Enzymes
17
H2O
Fumarate
Arginine Urea
Agininosuccinate
Ornithine
Aspartate
Citrulline
NH3 +CO2
18
19
H2O
Fumarate
Arginine Urea
Agininosuccinate
Excretion
Ornithine
Aspartate
Citrulline
NH3 +CO2
20