EXPERIMENT 2: RESISTOR, COLOUR CODES AND DIODES. Objective: 1.

To determine the resistance of a resistor by using colour codes, ohmmeter and analogue ohmmeter. 2. To determine anode and cathode , built voltage and material of a diode. Apparatus: 1. 2. 3. 4. Resistor Diode Digital ohmmeter Analogue ohmmeter

Figure 2.1: Resistor colour codes Procedure: Part A - Resistor and colours code. 1. Firstly a member of each group was took the 5 different resistors and 2 diodes

2. The resistor was observed with differences colour code 3. The resistor was taken and determined the colours to the suitable value that shown in figure 2.1. 4. The value of resistance was recorded. 5. After that, the digital multimeter was used to toke the value of resistor, the value was record in table part A. 6. A central knob of analogue multimeter was adjusted to the appropriate measurement value. 7. Note the value of a resistor in table part A 8. Step 2-7 was repeated for others resistor. Part B Diode. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 diode that we took are 1N4001 and 1N4002 The central of knob digital multimeter was adjusted to the symbol of diode Then took the value of 1N4001 diode. And record the reading in table part B. The analogue multimeter was used to measured the value of a 1N4001 and record the data. 5. The anode and cathode was determined by draw the symbol and was labeled. 6. Step 2-5 was repeated for 1N4002.

Analysis:

1. How to determine the resistance by using resistor colour code? Answer: firstly we look at the colour code that located on the resistor. First band : orange, the no of colour code is 3 Second band: blue, no of colour code is 6 Third band: green, no of colour code is 00000 Fourth band: gold dont have no code, but it has tolerance 5%. So the resistance of the resistor is 3600000 5% @ 360k .

2. How to determine the anode and cathode diode and what it material? Answer: To determine anode and cathode we used three methods which are by using visualization, test using multimeter and value that we get from multimeter. The visualization means the diode has shown their anode and cathode by using the line at the end of diode. The line at the end side of diode means it cathode. Then by using multimeter we connect the wire with the diode the positive or input go to anode and the negative or output go to cathode. And others way is by look at their value. If value is negative it means reverse bias so we know which one is cathode terminal and anode terminal. From this experiment we know the diode has line it cathode terminal and other side is anode terminal. then we also can determine the material of diode by looking at the value build voltage which are 0.3 to 0.4 is germanium and 0.5 to 0.7 is silicon. After we conduct this experiment we know the material of diode that we used is silicon. Result: Result part A Resistor Red,red,red and gold Yellow,violet,red and gold Blue, gray,black and gold Yellow,brown,black and gold Brown,black,red and gold Result part B Diode 1N 4001 1N 4002 Digital multimeter Build Voltage (Vbi) Ohmmeter () 0.554 1.909 0.558 2.125M Material Silicon Silicon Colour code () 2200 5% 4700 5% 68 5% 41 5% 1000 5% Digital Ohmmeter () 2150 4610 58 40 980 Analogue Ohmmeter () 2000 4500 50 39 720

Conclusion: Resistor is the common components in most electronic circuit. The resistor used a common colour coding to allow we to quickly determine the resistance value. What is the resistance? Resistance can makes the component fight current flow. It also can limit the current flow. Resistance value in unit ohms. With less percentage of tolerance we can get accuracy resistors. The resistance also can measure the input and output resistance in circuits. To check the value of resistance we used analogue and digital ohmmeter. Their value not be accurate because it depend on the accuracy of the instruments. From this experiment we being able to determine the polarity( cathode and anode ). When we know the basic functionality of a diode is a very importants skill forth basic electronic.since we know that a diode is essentially nothing more than one. We can check the polarity by using ohmmeter. Diode is forward biased by ohmmeter will show 0 ohm of resistance so the anode can determine by look at input voltage that we used if it from positive terminal the side is anode if it from negative side it cathode. To determine the material that we used on diode. We can check by using digital ohmmeter. Diode is forward biased the ohmmeter will shown the value. If the value 0.3-0.4 the material is germanium and if the value 0.5-0.7V it silicon. The result shown the material on both diode is silicon. So we can conclude here, from this experiment we can achieve our objective first objective is to determine the resistance of a resistor by using colour codes, ohmmeter and analogue ohmmeter. And the second objective is to determine anode and cathode , built voltage and material of a diode. This experiment can give our knowledge more develop. And we hope from this experiment we can apply the used of diode in other subject when we want to construct the circuit.