SEPERATION OF STRAY LOSSES

Aim: By conducting suitable tests separate, the stray losses of a DC shunt Machine into frictional losses, windage losses, hysteresis losses and eddy Current losses. Apparatus:

S.NO APPARATUS

RANGE (0 300 ) Volts

TYPE QNTY MC MC MC MC WW 1.No 1.No 1.No 1.No 2.No 1.No

1.

Voltmeter (0 30) Volts

(0 1) Amps 2. Ammeter (0 2.5) Amps 50 / 5 Amps 3. Rheostat

360 / 1.2Amps WW

Theory: The Stray losses can be determined at rated speed by conducting simple no load test with low power loss. The Stray losses can be separated into 1) Frictional losses 2) Windage losses 3) Hysteresis losses 4) Eddy current losses. The first two losses are called mechanical losses and are proportional to N and N2 respectively where as other two losses are called magnetic losses (or) core losses (or) iron losses namely the Hysteresis losses B1.6max f(N) and eddy current losses B2max f 2(N). The above two equations can be combinely expressed as Ws = AN + BN2 +CN + DN2 at constant excitation Ws / N = (A + C) + (B + D) N------------------------------- (1) If the excitation is changed, the equation can be written as Ws / N = (A + CI) + (B + DI) N------------------------------- (2) Where A, B, C, CI, D, DI are constants

EM-I LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY, Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

Graphs are drawn taking N on axis & Ws / N on Y-axis both are diverting straight lines as shown by model graphs, from the tabulated results the average values of (A+C),(B+D),(A+ CI)&(B+ DI) and hence the constant A,B,C,D can be obtained using the relation.

CI / C = (IF reduced / IF normal) 1.6---------------------------- (3) DI / D = (IF reduced / IF normal) 2 ------------------------------ (4) Using the above Constants the stray losses can be separately calculated at normal speed.

PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The Motor is started keeping the field rheostat in minimum position and armature rheostat in the maximum position. 3. The field excitation is adjusted to its normal value as shown in the NAME PLATE & the readings of voltmeter ,ammeter and speed are noted, varying the armature rheostat take the corresponding readings without changing the excitation. 4. The experiment is repeated and readings are taken at reduced excitation of about 3/4th of normal value. 5. The armature resistance is determined by conducting drop test. 6. The values are substituted in equation 1, 2, 3 &4 and the constants A, B, C and D are determined. 7. Using the above constant, the components of stray losses at rated speed are determined. TABULAR FORM:

FOR RATED EXCITATION:

S.NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

IA

IF

WS=V IA- I2 ARA

WS / N

EM-I LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY, Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

FOR REDUCED EXCITATION:

S.NO 1. 2. 3. 4.

IA

IF

WS=V IA- I2 ARA

WS / N

MODEL CALCULATIONS: 1) Frictional losses (WF) 2) Windage losses (WW) 3) Hysteresis losses (WH) 4) Eddy current losses (WE) TOTAL STRAY LOSSES (W) W=(A+C)N+(B+D)N2 W/N= (A+C) +(B+D)N Eddy current losses (WE) 2. Hysteresis losses (WH)
1.6.

= AN = = BN2 = = CN= = DN2 = = AN + BN2 +CN + DN2.

For rated field current,( IF) W/N= (A+C) +(B+D)N For reduced field current (IF
1

)
1 1

W/N= (A +C) +(B +D)N =( / 1) =( / 1)

2 1.6

=(IF/IF1) 1.6

=(IF/IF1) 2

EM-I LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY, Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

So,Hysterisis loss = A=_________A1 So,Eddy current loss = B=__________B1 A+C = A1+C = A-A1 = On solving above equations, A= 1) Frictional losses (WF) 2) Windage losses (WW) 3) Hysteresis losses (WH) 4) Eddy current losses (WE) TOTAL STRAY LOSSES (W) PRECAUTIONS:

=( / 1)

1.6

=(IF/IF1) 1.6 =_________________

=( / 1)

=(IF/IF1) 2 =___________________

B+D= B1+D B-B1 = B= = AN = = BN2 = = CN= = DN2 = = AN + BN2 +CN + DN2. C= D= =

1. At the time of starting, the field rheostat should be in the minimum position and armature rheostat should be in the maximum position. 2. Readings should be taken without parallax error. 3. Nameplate details of the machine have to be strictly considered. RESULT: Experiment is conducted for separation of stray losses in dc shunt machine and hence are found as 1) Frictional losses (WF) 2) Windage losses (WW) 3) Hysteresis losses (WH) 4) Eddy current losses (WE) = AN = = BN2 = = CN= = DN2 =

TOTAL STRAY LOSSES (WS) = AN + BN2 +CN + DN2.

EM-I LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY, Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

VIVA-VOCE
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) W hat are the losses in a DC machine What do you mean by iron losses What do you mean by stray losses What do you mean by constant losses What do you mean by mechanical losses What is the relation between Frictional losses ,Wind age losses, Hysteresis losses , Eddy

current losses with speed

EM-I LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY, Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima