Gemini 11: A new path of realism in experience

The word new descends from the Indo-European (IE) root newowhich means new. Its p a r o n ym s include innovate, neon, neoteric, nova, n o ve l , n o v i ce , a n d r e n o v a t e . 1 The word path is a derivative of the I E r o o t p e nt - , t o t r e a d , g o a n d i t s p a r o n y m s i n c l u d e fi n d , p a d (t o g o a b o u t on f o o t ), p o n t i f f , p o n t o o n , p u n t ( a n o p e n f la t - b ot t om b o a t wi t h sq u a r e d e n d s ) , a n d s p u t n ik . 2 F i n a l l y , t h e w o r d re a l i s m d e s c e n d s f r o m t h e IE r o o t r e g- w h i c h me a n s t o m o v e i n a st r a i g h t l i n e a n d w h o s e d o z e n s o f d e r i v a t i v e s c on n ot e d i r e c t i n g, l e a di n g , a n d r u l i n g . 3 A m o n g i t s p a r o n y m s a r e se v e r a l a u t h o r i t y f i g u r e s , e . g . r a j , r a j a h , r e ct o r , r e ge n t , v i c e r o y , a s w e l l a s t h e a d j un c t s a n d i n s t r u m e n t s o f t he i r p o w e r, e . g. a d d r e s s , a r r o ga t e , c o r r e c t i o n , d ir e c t i v e , i n t e r r o ga t io n , p r e r o g a t i v e , r a n k , r e g im e , r e g i o n , r e i gn , r e gu l a t io n , a n d r u l e . T h e re a r e a lso s e v e r a l a d j e c t i v e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h ru l e , s t ra i g h t n e s s a n d l e a d e r s h i p : a d r o i t , d i r e c t , e r e ct , r e c t it u de , r e ga l , r o ya l , a n d r i g h t . S i m i la r l y , t h e r e a r e a f e w t h a t e mp h a s i z e r e s i s t a n c e t o o r d e f i a n c e o f a u t h o r i t y, e . g . r e ck l e s s , i n co r r i g i b l e . T h e b a s e o f t he w o r d e x p e r i e n c e d e s c e n d s f r o m t h e I E r o o t p e r - 3 w h i c h m e a n s t o t ry , r i s k ; t o l e a d o v e r , p r e s s f o r w a r d . 4 I t s p a r o n y m s a re e m p ir i c , e xp e r i me n t , e xp e r t , f e a r , p a r l o u s , p e r i l , a n d p i r a t e . T h e p r e f i x ex d e s c e n d s f r o m t h e I E r o o t e g h s - w h i ch m e a n s o ut a n d f r o m w h i c h a l s o

1 Watkins, 2 Watkins, 3 Watkins, 4 Watkins,

C. C. C. C.

(2000), (2000), (2000), (2000),

The The The The

American American American American

Heritage Heritage Heritage Heritage

Dictionary Dictionary Dictionary Dictionary

of of of of

Indo Indo Indo Indo

European European European European 1

Roots, Roots, Roots, Roots,

p. p. p. p.

58 65 70 66

Starling Hunter 2011

d e s c e n d t h e w o rd s e x o t e r i c , e x o t ic , e xt e r i o r , e x t e r n a l , st r a n g e , a n d extreme.5 T H E M E S : T he k e yw o r d n e w a n d t he d e r i v a t i v e e xp e r i me n t a l a r e b o t h s y n o n y m s o f t he a dj e c t i v e s A V A N T - G AR D E a n d b e t a . A s e c o n d t h e me c on c e r n s T R A I N IN G . R e c a l l t h a t n o v i ce i s a p a r o n y m o f n e w a n d a n a n t on y m o f e xp e r t w h i ch i s a p a r o n y m o f ex p e r i e n c e . F i n a l l y , n ot e t ha t d e f i n i t i on s o f t h e d e r i v a t i v e p i r a t e i n c lu d e o n e w ho r o b s a t s e a o r p l u n d e r s t h e l a n d f r o m t h e s e a w i t h o u t c om m i s s i o n f r o m a s o v e r e i gn n a t i o n a n d o n e w h o m a ke s u s e o f o r r e p r o d u c e s t h e w o r k o f a n o t h e r w i t h o ut a ut h o r i z a t i on . 6 T h e s e a c t i o n s s t a n d i n s t a r k c o n t r a s t t o t h e m a n y p a r o n y ms o f r ea l i s m t h a t e m p h a s i z e r u l e s, r e g u l a t i o n s, ri g h t s, s o v e r e i gn t y , a n d a ut h o r i t y . T he t he m e i s ( O U T) L A W .

5 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 22 6 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/pirate Starling Hunter 2011 2