LDC INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES

PRATAPGARH ROAD SORAON, ALLAHABAD MAJOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON

DIGITAL HEARTBEAT COUNTER

ACADEMIC SESSION: 2011-12

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: SUBMITTED BY:Dr. C .P. SINGH ABHISHEK TIWARI (0828331002)

H.O.D AMIT MAURYA (0828331007) ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ANUBHAV YADAV (0828331012) BI PIN MAURYA (0828331017) E. C.E 4th YEAR The heart beat rate, also known as the pulse rate, is the minimum number of times a persons heart beats in minute. It is one of the four that are often taken by the doctors to assess the most basic function of the patient body. So counting of heart beats sometimes becomes essential for proper treatment.

Although the pulse rate can be measured manually by us, an electronic heart beat counter gives the opportunity to measure it automatically and continuously.

PRINCIPLE:
A persons heart beat forces his blood to flow through the arteries. As a result, the arteries throb in synchronization with the beating or the heart. This throbbing can be felt at the persons wrist and other places over the body.

Electronically, this throbbing can be sensed with an accelerometer that generates electrical signals against the vibration-resulted processing of the signals. The counter is configured such that it counts the pulses for 10 seconds and then displays the same for the next five seconds. The process repeats as long as the accelerometer sensor is tied tightly around the persons wrist.

ACCELEROMETER:
An accelerometer measures the real-time, instantaneous acceleration of the object on which the accelerometer is mounted. It transducers the acceleration, which result from some shock or vibration, into a proportional analogue signal. Although there exist numerous types of accelerometer, the piezoelectric type is the most widely used.

PARTS LIST Semiconductors:

IC1-IC3 IC4-IC5 IC6 IC7,IC8 IC9,IC10 display driver IC11 IC12 DIS1, DIS2 D1-D6 +5V 7805 regulator -5V 7905 regulator LT573 seven segment display 1N4007 CA 3140 Op-amp A 741 Op-amp CD 4071 OR gate NE555 Timer CD 4033 Counter, Seven segment

 LED1, LED2 T1,T2

5mm LED BC377 NPN transistor

Resistors:
R1,R2,R14,R16,R20R25 R4,R5,R1,5,R24 R3 R6-R13,R22,R23 R17 R18,R19 R21 R26 VR1-VR4 VR5, VR6 470-K 22-k 270 1-M 560-K 1-K 27-K 100-K 10-K, 25-TURN TRIMPOT 1-M Present

Capacitor:
C1-C3, C6-C8 0.1F Ceramic

 C4-C5 C10-C12 C9,C11,C13 C14,C15 C16,C17

47F Ceramic 4.7F,12V electrolyte 0.01F Ceramic 1000F, 25V electrolyte 100F, 16V electrolyte

Miscellaneous:

X1

230V AC Primary to 9-0-9(V), 500mA

Secondary Transformer Piezobuzzer Velcro Belt

Construction
An actual size, single- side PCB for shown in fig. and layout in another fig. Since CA 3140 is MOSFET input Op-amp, it processes very high impedance. The piezoelectric accelerometer is also a very output impedance device. A glass epoxy PCB is used for construction job to avoid the leakage current through the PCB. It would otherwise reduce the circuit gain and sensitivity of Accelerometer. The shielded cable connecting the accelerometer to PCB may be around the 1.5 meters long. The trim pots used for offset adjustment should be 25-turn type.

Construction of the Sensor:Instead of a commercial Accelerometer, a self constructed piezoelectric Accelerometer is used in this project. It is constructed by using ceramic piezoelectric elements. These elements are widely used in landline telephone set to produce the ring tone n the market this found in two varieties with oscillator and without oscillator. With oscillator is suitable for our purpose.

The diameter of the brass plate and silver layer of the piezoelectric plate used in the project around 27 mm and 18 mm, respectively. To start construction, first of all remove the plastic cover of case. Connect one of two wires of a 2 core shielded ear phone cable to the white silver layer sprayed over piezoelectric element. Keep sufficient for room monitoring the mass over

it. Connect other wire of 2 core cable to brass plate of the element. The shielded part of cable should be kept open, but it should not touch element.

Mount the mass (1cm) long piece of solid cylindrical brass rod having 1 cm diameter centrally over the white silver layer some adhesive sive-like Quick fix. Add the adhesive at the side of mass fixed it over the crystal allow sufficient time for dry-in up.