1. Define and distinguish among the following terms: analog signal, digital signal, and modem.

An analog signal is a continuous waveform that passes through a communications medium. It is used most effectively for voice communications. A digital signal is a discrete waveform that transmits data coded into two states representing 1-bits and 0-bits, which are represented as on-off electrical pulses. It is used for data communications. A modem is a hardware device that translates digital signals into analog signals and back.

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2.

Describe the three most common network topologies.

A star network is one in which all computers and other devices are connected to a central host computer. All communications between network devices must pass through the host computer. A bus network topology links a number of computers along a single circuit. All messages are broadcast to the entire network. There is no central host, and messages travel both directions along the cable. A ring network is one in which all the computers are linked by a closed loop and data passes in one direction from one computer to another. And electronic signal called a "token" travels constantly around the ring, picking up and dropping off messages.

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3.

How do ISDN and DSL differ?

ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network is an international standard for dial-up network access that integrates voice, data, image, and video services in a single link. Basic Rate ISDN runs at 128 kilobits per second, Primary Rate ISDN runs at 1.5 Mbps.

DSL - Digital Subscriber Line, allows existing copper telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video, but has higher transmission capacities than ISDN. ADSL, or asynchronous digital subscriber line, allows up to 9 Mbps for receiving and up to 640 kbps for sending data: SDSL, or symmetric digital subscriber line, allows up to three Mbps for both sending and receiving. ISDN and DSL are not always available in every area served by telephone lines. The DSL is slightly more expensive than ISDN in the residential environment.

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4. Describe what is meant by chat, instant messaging, and Usenet. Chat - enables two or more people who are simultaneously connected to the Internet to hold live, interactive conversations. Instant messaging - chat service that allows participants to create their own private chat channels so that a person can be alerted whenever someone on his or her private list is on-line to initiate a chat session with that particular individual. Usenet - forms in which people share information and ideas on a defined topic through large electronic bulletin boards were anyone can post messages on the topic for others to see and to which others can respond.

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5. Give three examples of how businesses can use wireless technology. Wireless technology increases productivity and worker output by providing anytime, anywhere communication and access to information, including the information resources of the Internet. Wireless communication helps businesses stay more easily in touch with customers, suppliers, and employees. Provides more flexible arrangements for organizing work. Has aid in creating new products, services, and sales channels.