Development means various things to various groups, that is to say development is multidimensional term.

One cannot define development comprehensively by using only one aspect. According to United Nations educational scientific and cultural and organization (UNESCO) in the book economic and social aspect of educational planning of 1970in page 59 development is growth plus changes; change in turn is social and cultural as well as economic and qualitative as well as quantitative Also according to Madhumuta Puri and George Abraham in their book handbook of inclusive education for educators, administrators and planners of 2007, development is gradual changes from simple to more advanced level of complexity; in human physical, mental and emotional capacities. According to classical economist Adam Smith in his book enquiry in to the nature and cause of wealth of the nation of 1937, the increase of per capita income, investment and production are the indicators of development Therefore development can be economic, political, social or cultural. Development is brought about not by passive entities such as natural resources and material capital but by human beings who are active agents of changes and bring about production of physical resources this manual is concerned with development of human agents or human resources as they are called and its strategic roles in general economic and social planning this is according to UNESCO in their book economic and social aspect of education planning (page 59-60) In broad term human resources development is the process of building the knowledge, skills, working ability and innate capacities in all people of the society Human resources are developed in many ways but most obvious is by formal education beginning with primary to higher level of education Human resources development, therefore is probably more realistic and reliable indicator of stage of modernization or growth than other single measure because its necessary condition for all kind of growth; social, political, cultural or economic According to Philip Coombs in his book what is education planning he defined planning as the deciding in advance what to do, when to do, how to do and who to do it. According to Barrons education series in cooperation; planning is the selection of short and long term objectives and drawings up of tactical and strategic plans to achieve those objectives In other words planning is thinking before doing.
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Planning is classified into two as follows; Long term planning or strategic planning which involve analyzing, anticipating and making decisions about basic problems, issues or concerns that goes beyond the present time. For example vision 2025 of Tanzania, millennium development goals (MDGS), MKUKUTA 1&2 in Tanzania. Normally long term planning takes about 5 or more years. Short term planning which concerned with determining short term activities or plans to accomplish long term objectives, for instance annual plans like annual budget. Normally short term takes from 1 to 5 years and can be designed to accomplish long term plans Educational planning is the systematic, orderly and oriented to social problems which require expertise for comprehensive and coordinated implementation of activities of education development. In other words educational planning is the process of determining the objectives of education, educational institutions of educational programs and the means or ways to attains those objectives In Tanzania example of educational planning is like secondary education development plan (SEDP 2004-2007) and primary educational development plan (PEDP 2001). As other plans educational plans can be short or long term. In developing countries like Tanzania educational planning plays very big roles toward development of these respective nations. The following are the roles of educational planning in development in developing countries It helps to develop human resources which involve building the knowledge, the skills and working ability of the people of the nation which in turn lead to efficiency hence development. People get education through planned formal education beginning with primary education to higher education, vocational education or technical education this is according to Philips H. M 1970 It ensures equitable distribution of education in the society and reduces disparities between the literacy and illiteracy. For example in Tanzania free primary education, cost sharing in higher education has contributed a lot in provision of education and increase in the level of literate which in turn lead to the development of the nation. Also in other countries like Kenya has adopted this policy and now days it provides free primary education for all. If there is high literate rate in the country its obvious the productivities of the citizen will be high. That is to say make sure that educational planning help to make sure that education is provided to all citizens regardless of their economic status or geographical location they live
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According to Ishumi A.G.M and Maliyamkono T.L (1980) in their book education and social changes; education help group of people to learn how to study together and become aware of political and economic determinates of their poverty Moreover educational planning help to the utilization of scarce of scarce resources to the optimum, that is to say under good educational planning the resources will be allocated properly without wastage. Resources like money, land, and other educational resources need to be utilized to the optimum and this is possible if there is good educational planning. That is to say education given to the people will give them ability to make good decision concerning allocation of resources. The task of the planner is to allocate resources in the manner which produces the maximum degree of consistency in the plan in terms of its objectives this is according to UNESCO (1970) in their book economic and social aspect of education It helps for the rapid expansion of quality of education and general development of the most developing countries. For example in Tanzania since independence the quality of education rise rapidly including the increase of educational institutions, that is schools and universities. Also it helps to prepare project profiles and proposal to attract international funding to assist in satisfying the needs of educational system. When a nation has good educational planning this facilitate educational aids. For instance Tanzania gets foreign aids from international donors due to good educational policy, therefore developing countries should design good educational planning so that they can use that opportunities for the benefit of their nation. This is according to Butt R.F in his book America education in international development Also it helps to respond to the local and international demand for information on educational system. That is to say educational planning help to anticipate future demand of the nation and how to satisfy them that need future need of the nation for professions and expertise for the development can be attained through good educational planning. School of education should make special effort to expand their staffs to be able to handle the international dimensions of their task without hand capping the domestic program this is according to Freeman B. D in his book America education in international development Conclusively education is the best weapon to fight against poverty and all challenges facing the nation. Therefore there is direct relation between development and education, developing countries needs to design to good educational planning so as to have sustainable development Educational planning play very big roles in economic, social, cultural and political development of the nation but in order educational planning to be successful the following factors should be considered; the gap between the rich and the poor so that education should be provided to all, also teachers should be paid sufficient salary to motivate them. Also materials for education and the budget to fund education
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Educational planning touch every part of life directly or indirectly, the country which has good educational policy its development influenced faster than other part. Therefore for rapid development education planning is inevitable.

REFERENCE
Butt R.F (1963) America education in international development Ishumi A.G.M and Maliyamkono T.L (1980) education and social changes Madhumira P and George A (2007) Handbook of inclusive education for educators, administrators, and planners Phillips H.M (1970) economic and social aspect of educational planning Barrons education series inc 2005

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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, MANAGEMENT AND LIFELONG LEARNING
COURSE TITLE; APPROACHES TO EDUCATIONAL PLANNING COURSE CODE; EA 101 SEMINER LEADER; MISS ANNANIA QN; the roles of educational planning in development in developing countries

PARTICIPANT
TEMBA CALVIN B NGUNYALE LEVOCATUS G WATAYE CHRISTIAN B NZUNDA ELIAS S DOMINIC DAMIAN KYELUSYA ASWILE AYUBU LUSEKELO M

REG. NUMBER
2010-04-03218 2010-04-05631 2010-04-01863 2010-04-03687 2010-04-00376 2010-04-01863 2010-04-03621

SIGNATURE

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