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Before we get deep into the project, I would to take opportunity to express my profound thanks to people who have become part of this project. I would like to express my sincere and profound sense of gratitude to the management of VRL Logistics Pvt Ltd in Varur-Hubli for providing me such a great opportunity, and their support and valuable guidance for Working Capital Management in their
department.
I would like to thank the managing director of VRL Mr.Anand sankeshwar and also to Shri. S.G.Patil General Manager (HRD), for their support and advice and for giving me all the valuable information required to fulfill the needs of this project. I would also thank the entire Departmental staff of VRL who were very kind and supportive enough to spare their busy schedules, and for giving each and every detail I needed to complete my project. I extend my heartfelt and sincere thanks to our principal Dr. R.V. DADIBBAVI, OXFORD COLLEGE OF BBA, HUBLI for his valuable and timely guidance and support, and for his constant motivation throughout my project period. I also extend my heart full thank to my project guide Prof. jitendra.s, OXFORD COLLEGE OF BBA, HUBLI, without whose support and guidance I would not have been able to prepare this project.
5-7
9-15
17-26
Brief history
Organization profile
Quality policy Customers Organization chart 4. WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT Introduction Concept Importance Determinates 28-36
VRL LOGISTICS pvt ltd Varur-Hubli Analysis 5. CASH MANAGEMENT Introduction Motives
Cash management cycle
38-41
Objectives
6. RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT
43-48
Introduction Credit evaluation Optimum credit policy Benefits Company practice Average collection period
7. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
50-73
8. SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Weakness Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXURES OXFORD College Of Business administration, Hubli
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PROJECT PROFILE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I have selected. VRL Logistics pvt ltd Varur-Hubli, for the project work Working capital management which I learned at my BBA 5th semester. VRL Logistics Pvt Ltd commenced its operation and started in year 1976. VRL Logistics is one of the leading road transportation companies in India, with operations in parcel transportation, express cargo, aviation and courier segments. Management of working capital is an essence of business activity a company should always maintain good amount of working capital on continuous basis. So I took this opportunity to study the working capital management of VRL Varur-Hubli.
METHODOLOGY
The data is collected from both primary and secondary source they are . Primary source: conversation with Mr. S. sudhakar. Financial conculter and also with college guie Mr. Anand Faculty in Finance. Secondary source: companys annual report and the company www.vrllogistics.com
LIMITATIONS
The time is the main limitation to this project. Because working capital management is a very vast subject and to study it thoroughly one month is a very short period.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Had its start some 15-20 years ago. The courier industry was initially limited to the four metros New Delhi, Mumbai, kolkatta, and Chennai and to some extent to Bangalore. The reason was the airport connection these metros were. But, the changing economy and technical advancement seen on a daily basis, the industry has grown and extended faster to several cities and even rural areas. And it is still growing. A courier company anywhere in the world has its primary virtue is its efficiency to render service. The better the quality of service, the more the satisfied customers, better the chances of survival. The industry s booming and market is cut-throat competitive. The advancement of technology and internet has thing slight easier and more competitive as well.
Courier services in India can be segregated in few categories. Basically, it begins with intra-city service which are about speedy delivery of mails and goods within the city. Broadening the services, inter-city service are covered. Normally this is termed as surface cargo service where short distance and bulk loads are handled. Surface mode service is performed through two ways: firstly, on road (by bus or vehicle) and secondly on track (by train) service. The products are normally delivered through door to door.
Courier companies work in tandem with the foremost airlines and in sync with their well tuned, well associated set of connections the timely deliverance and protected service is guaranteed. Few other variant of service could be express service, ocean freight, industry solutions, logistics solutions, shipping tools. These particular services are individual of a companys area of specialization and diversification.
COURIER:
A courier is a person or a company who delivers message, packages, and mail courier are distinguished from ordinary mail services by features such as speed security, tracking. Signature, specialization and individualization of services, and committed delivery times, which are optional for most everyday mail services, as a premium service, courier are usually more expensive than usual mail services, and their use is typically restricted to packages where one or more of these features are considered important enough to warrant the cost. Different courier service operate on all scales, from within specific towns or cities,to regional, national and global service. The worlds largest courier companies are velox express, DHL, FEDEX, OBC, express Ltd, TNT.NV, UPS, and Aramex these offer services worldwide, typically via a hub and spoke model.
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TYPES OF COURIERS :
In cities, there is often bicycle courier or motorcycle courier but for consignments requiring delivery over greater distance networks, this may often include lorries, railway and aircraft. Many companies who operate under a JUST IN TIME or JIT inventory method often utilize on - board couriers. On - board couriers are individuals who can travel at a moments notice anywhere in the world, usually via commercial airlines. While this type of service is the second costliest GENERAL AVIATION charters are far more expensive companies analyze the cost of service to engage an on board courier versus the cost the company will realize should the product not arrive by a specified time.
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On the other hand, since year 2000, the Indian industrial sector has also begun to look up, and in 2006, it registered over 10% growth for the time decades. Primarily driven by the manufacturing and capital goods segments. In the Indian manufacturing industry, textile plays a predominant role, while the chemical industry is the second largest industrial sector (12% of the GDP). However, Indias influence in global trade remains low and the country represents only 1% of the world exports trade. India mainly exports engineering goods, germs and jewelers (83% of diamond sold in the world are cut in India), textile and fabrics, and leather goods. The major imports are oil, precious stones, chemical products and machinery/engineering equipments. Indias main trade partners (exports and imports ) are Belgium, china, Switzerland, UAE, the UK, and US. With Indias GDP growing at 9% and the manufacturing sector enjoying double digit growth rates the logistics industry is at an inflection point. Strong growth enables exist today in the forum of $250 billion worth of infrastructure investment phased introduction of vat, and development of organized retail, telecom, and auto component manufacturing will lead to increased market opportunities for logistics service providers (LSPs). India currently spends over 13% of its GDP on logistics, which is very high compared to western Europe and north America, where logistics cost as a percentage of GDP is in the become imperative and the growth in domestic demand is driven by a number of factors including the rising income level and easy availability of low cost finance. The auto sectors are key to the Indian economy from both the perspective of economic contribution as well as that of employment generation. The sectors employs 13 million people and contribution to around 17% of the direct taxes kitty, the growth in the domestic demand is driven by a number of factors including the rising income levels and easy availability of low cost finance. The auto sectors are key to the Indian economy from both the perspective of economic contribution as well as that of employment generation. The 13 million people and contribution to around 17% of the direct taxes kitty.
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Hubli courier office is the main office. And all collected consignment and documents which have collected through company employees and company agents are come to main office. In main office courier are classified according to city name and keeping that document in separate section. For keeping those classified documents the section has separate place for every state and city area, after this classified parcels will be sent to its destinations places.
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Company profile
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Vijayanda Road Lines ltd a company registered under the provision of company act 1956 has with its symbol of service. The VRL has built and maintained goodwill in the minds of public at large in the country in general and in Karnataka particular. The managing director Mr. Vijay.B.Sankeshar started as an individual transport in January 1976 without any background of experience. Initially for the first two years he suffered heavy loss. Then by end of 1977 he started as local transporter between in Hubli and Gadag. Due to effective service, business picked up and purchased one more lorry in 1978. during this work he observed activities of other well know transporter and started first parcel service from Bangalore to Hubli and Belgaum with only two lorries. Gradually the business picked up. Later the above proprietorship were converted onto private ltd. The company came onto existence in the year march 31st 1983, VRL company initially in the transportation of goods and service subsequently it concerned the business of courier service in the year 1996 it acquired passenger buses, initially vijayanda travels operating in the state Karnataka and Maharastra. Presently VRL existing with largest network in India, the VRL parcel service is indispensable for large no of corporate houses. This network spans the length and breadth of the country and is supported by large number transshipment hubs, VRL operates through a network of 2629 Locations 911 branches, franchises and valuable customer, now VRL expanding its service to reach even the remote location of the country with the help of 2900 vehicles (including 300 hi-tech buses).
Over the year VRL has pioneered in providing a safe and reliable delivery network in the field of parcel service. It has spread its operations to courier service express cargo and aviation to meet the growing of the customer base.
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At the core of the groups transport business is its 43 acre transport cum warehouse complex in Varur, Hubli. This unique facility has all the essential back up service under one roof. The total built up area of complex is 2,50,00,000 sq ft with an additional 1,00,000 sq, ft, of land utilized for sheds and vehicle parking, this complex contain the head office building, transshipment godown, workshop, canteen, drivers rest room, own diesel bunk.
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2007 - Company diversified into power generation installed 34 wind Turbine Generators with capacity of 1025 MW each. 2007 - Company entered into air charter business and purchased 1A aircraft from Hawker Beechcraft Incorporation. 2009 UNFCCC approval for companys Wind Power Project.
2010 - Efforts of the Company recognized by way of several awards and recognition. 2011 - Foray into new logistics verticals Car Carrying and Chemical transportation.
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COMPANY PROFILE
: 1976 : VIJAYANAND ROAD LINES PVT LTD, VARUR, HUBLI. : VIJAY SANKESHWAR : NH4 BANGALORE ROAD NEAR VARUR, HUBLI. : VRL LIMITED COMPANY
BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. VIJAY SANKESHWAR Mr. ANAD SANKESHWAR Mr. R.P.RAICHUR Mr. SUDHIR GHATE Mr. J.S. KORLAHALLI Mr. KARUNAKAR SHETTY Mr. SURESH ANGADI REGISTERED OFFICE : CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR : MANAGING DIRECTOR : DIRECTOR (FINANCE) &CO, SECRATERY : DIRECTOR : DIRECTOR : DIRECTOR : DIRECTOR : 18TH Km, NH4, Bangalore Road, Varur, Hubli 581207, Karnataka. Phone no 0836-2237614, Email varurho@vrllogistics.com, Website www.vrllogistic.com
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VISION :
The vision is to inject new ideas in the transportation. Self motivate the employees for a change and there by change the organizational behavior to achieve companys goal. To provide quality and better service to public. To emerge as one the leading players in the transportation industry in India.
MISSION :
To provide highest quality service to our customers by continuously increasing cost efficiency and maintaining delivery deadlines. To encourage our employees workforce to strive for quality and excellence in everything they do, to promote team work and create a work environment that tales care of talent and bring out the best in our employees. Providing a quick and safe delivery of goods service is their motto.
THE VALUES :
Punctuality, Integrality, Honesty, Loyalty, and Credibility.
PHILOSOPHY :
They immensely follow : Time is Gold
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QUALITY POLICY :
The VRL started with the sing of Symbol Of Service the VRL are committed to meet the needs and expectations of our customers by providing quick, prompt, efficiency, reliable, cost effective and safe service. Maintaining transparency in all their truncation and strive for continual improvement for enhancing customer satisfaction. In the words of chairman and managing director we are committed to provide quality transportation and logistics service consistently at reasonable rate and to continually improve the same to achieve customer to delight on sustainable basis.
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ORGANISATION GOALS :
The customer satisfaction is the key factor in todays market as customer is the king, hence forecast and analyze the requirement of the customer is a must. The goals of the company are as below. Quick and safe service Customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction Competition [rice Attain market leadership
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SERVICES ;
The person who are booked for the travels are the covered by insurance They provide returned journey ticket booking facility To maintain their good service they go for only selected hotel place for hygienic food Incentives are their provided to drivers for safe and timely service Concession is provide for the school and college going students for their study trips Careful handling of goods consigned
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CUSTOMER CARE
ACCOUNT SECTION
CONTRACORY BOOKING
PARCEL BOOKING
TICKET BOOKING
TRAVELS
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MEANING :
Working capital is the short term investment, which is, concerned with the problems that arise to manage current assets the current liabilities and the relationship that exist between them.
CONCEPTS :
There are two concepts of working capital I. II. Gross Working Capital Net Working Capital
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Current liabilities are those claims of the outsiders, which are expected to nature for payment within an accounting year and include creditors bills payable etc.
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1) NATURE OF BUSINESS :
Working capital need is influenced by nature of the business trading and finance firms have a very small investments in fixed assets, but require a large sum of money to be invested in working capital.
2) BUSINESS CYCLE :
Working capital requirement is determined by the nature of the business cycle business fluctuation lead to cyclical and seasonal changed which in turn cause a shift in the working capital position.
3) PRODUCTION CYCLE :
It is another important factor to determine the working capital need of a company. How much working capital is require for procurements of raw materials is determined by this factor. The completion of the manufacturing process leads to the production of finished goods.
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4) CREDIT POLICY :
Credit policy relating to the sales and purchase also affects the working capital used it policy influence the requirement of working capital in 2 ways. Through credit terms granted by the company to its customers. Credit terms available to the firms from its creations.
6) RISKS :
The greater the uncertainty of receipt and expenditure, more the need of working capital, so, risk can also be an influencing factor on determining the working capital requirement of a firm.
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TABLE SHOWING NET WORKING CAPITAL CHANGE OF VRL LOGISTICS PVT, LTD. SI. No 1 a) b) c) d) I 2 e) f) II Particulars Current assets
Inventory Sundry debtors cash & bank Loans &advances(short-term)
6554.2
9173.98
7922.29
10900.77
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OPERATING CYCLE :
A firm should aim at maximizing the wealth of its shareholders, so the firm should earn sufficient return from it is operations. Earning a steady amount of profit requires successful sales activities. The firm has to invest enough funds in current assets for generating sales. Current assets are needed because sales do not convert cash instantaneously. There is always an operating cycle involved in the conversion of sales in to cash.
Cash
Inventories
A/c Receivabels
Sales
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4)
5)
35
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CASH MANAGEMENT
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2) Precautionary motive :
The precautionary motive is its need to hold cash to meet contingencies in futures. It provides a cushion to with stand some unexpected emergency. The precautionary amount
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3) Speculative Motive : The speculative motive relates to the holding of cash for investing in profit making opportunity as send when they arise. The opportunity to make profit may arise when the security prices changes.
CASH PLANNING
Cash inflows and outflows should be planned to project cash surplus or deficit for cash period of the planning period. Cash budget should be prepared for this purpose.
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Particulars
Cash Working capital Percentage
Amount (2008-09)
2391.17 9173.98 26.06
Amount (2009-10)
1864.69 7922.29 23.53
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Amount (2008-09)
2391.17 12228.71 19.55
Amount (2009-09)
1864.69 12975.19 14.37
RECEIVABLES MANAGEMENT
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OBJECTIVES :
The following are the objectives of receivables management a. To maintain the good will of the company in the minds of customers : Good will is an intangible asset clearly specifies the reputation of the company to maintain the good will in the customers mind is essential because good will is only the alternative food for long life of the company there fore providing credit facility to the customers is to maintain the reputation. b. To have the regular customers Providing credit facility is to protect its sales from the competition and to attract the potential customers to buy its products at favorable terms. Regular customers are like KEB etc.
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a) Volume of credit sales b) Collection period The volume of credit sales is a functions of the firms total sales and percentage of credit sales to total sales. Total sales depend on market size firms market share product quality. Intensity of competition economic conditions etc. the financial manager hardly has any control over these variables. The percentage of credit sales to total sales are mostly influenced by the native of business and industry norms. The term credit policy is used to refer to the combination of the decision variables they arei. Credit standard ii. Credit terms iii. Collections efforts
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Estimation of incremental operating profit Estimation of the incremental investment in account receivables Estimation of the incremental rate of return of investment Comparison of the rate of return with the required rate of return.
CREDIT TERM :
The stipulations under which the sells on credit to customers are called credit terms. These stipulations include : a) the credit period b) the cash discount
CREDIT PERIOD :
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COLLECTION PERIOD :
A collection policy is needed because all customers are slow payers while some are nonpayer. The collection efforts should there fore at accelerating collections from slow payers and reducing bad debts looses. A collection policy should ensure prompt collection is needed for fast turnover of working capital keeping collection costs and bad debts within limits and maintaining collection efficiency. Regularity in collections keeps debtors alert and they tend to pay their dues promptly. Receivables management at Patil Electric Works : a) To achieve growth in sales b) To increase profit c) To meet competition
Credit policy variables in Patil Electric Works Credit policy has important implication for the co0mpanys production, marketing and finance functions.
CREDIT STANDARDS :
Credit standard are the criteria, which a firm follows in selecting customers for the purpose of extension.
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INTERPRETATION :
The average collection period of the VRL in the year 2008-09 is 36 days and in the year 2009-10 is 34 days since the it is in decreasing order. It indicates that the firm has control over credit facility and credit collection.
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Sources of funds
Reserve and surplus
Loan funds
Secured funds Unsecured funds
20455.32 16675.96
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Income
Other income 378.98 186.32 192.66 103.40
Expenditure
3 4 5 6 Operating expenses Employees cost Administrative expenses Interest and financial charges 27981.94 3329.3 928.38 1582.07 21510.74 2063.19 861.22 1306.93 6471.2 1266.11 67.16 275.14 30.08 61.36 7.79 21.05
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Sources of funds
Reserve and surplus
Loan funds
Secured funds Unsecured funds
2794.28 280.43
1792.61 363
1001.67 -82.57
55.87 -22.74
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Expenditure
3 4 5 6 Operative expenses Employees cost Administrative expenses Interest and financial charges
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Sources of funds
1 2 3 Reserve And Surplus
Loan funds
Secured funds Unsecured funds
10015.28
3355.96 105.12
Total
3461.08
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SL.NO Particulars 1 2 3 4 5 6 Income Other income Expenditure Operative expenses Employees cost Administrative expenses Interest and financial charges
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Sources of fund
1 2 3 Reserve and surplus
Loan funds
Secured funds Unsecured funds
2944.9 109.83
-12.24 4.48
Total
3054.73
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Sources of fund
1 2 3 Reserve and surplus
Loan funds
Secured funds Unsecured funds
3815.18 1237.72
Total
5052.90
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Sources of fund
1 2 3 Reserve and surplus
Loan funds
Secured funds Unsecured funds
5335.61 301.52
Total
5637.13
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Sl.no Particulars 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Reserves & surplus Inventories Sundry debtors Cash & bank balance Liabilities Other income Operative expense Administrative expense Interest & financial charge
2006-07 145% 10% 37% 114% 55% -8% 17% 43% 37%
2007-08 72% -34% 23% 29% 20% 129% 11% -16% 148%
2009-10 10.09 1.33 10.19 -17.83 29.55 8.08 28.86 34.09 -4.27
2010-11 69.63 -91.30 39.88 -19.29 39.85 26.06 29.03 -3.37 -5.55
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CURRENT ASSETS CASH AND BANK BALANCE FROM 2006-07 TO 2010-11 YEAR
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011
AMOUNT
1515.85 1961.89 2391.17 1864.69 1585.69
DIFFERENCE
807.07 446.04 429.28 526.48 279
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1000 807.07 800 526.48 600 446.04 429.28 279 400 200 0 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 20102007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YEAR
The bank are the substitutes for cash are most liquid for the company. The more cash and bank balance may be required when there is more operation to be done. In the last 4 years it has be clear that the highest growth in cash and bank balance found in the year 2006-07 (807.07)
AMOUNT
2371.32 2922.98 4459.29 4914.05 6873.78
DIFFERENCE
650.07 551.66 1536.31 454.76 1959.73
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2000
A M O U N T
1959.73
1536.31
Sundry debtors are debts owned by the customer as good are sold on credit basis and are considered to be the most liquid current assets for the firm. As for the calculation, the highest rate in debtors found in the year 2010-11 at rate (1959.73)
AMOUNT
960.29 633.06 686.35 695.51 607.46
DIFFERENCE
9.79 327.23 -53.29 -9.16 88.05
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DIFFERENCE A M O U N T
327.23 88.05
9.79
-53.29 -9.16
The inventories constitute that major part of the current assets. The difference change in growth highest rate over the last 5 years 2007-08 (327.23)
AMOUNT
2794.28 3355.96 2944.90 3815.18 5335.61
DIFFERENCE
1197.97 561.68 411.06 870.28 1520.43
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DIFFERENCE
2000
A M O U N T
1520.43 870.28 561.68 411.06 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 20102007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YEAR
It may be inferred that the sundry creditors increases to during the year of 200607 (1197.97) as compared to present year 2010-11 (-1520.43) it will not increase.
AMOUNT
280.43 105.12 109.83 1237.72 301.52
DIFFERENCE
82.57 175.31 -4.17 -1127.89 936.2
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A M O U N T
936.2 1000 500 82.57 175.31 -4.71 0 -500 -1000 -1127.89 -1500 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 20102007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YEAR
DIFFERENCE
It may be inferred the other liabilities increased to during the year of 2010-11 (936.2). will be compared with the figure of 2009-10 (-1127.89).
Information relating to various current assets and liabilities includes in the year 2006-07 PARTICULARS Current assets
Inventories Sundry debtors Cash and bank balance
AMOUNT
960.29 2371.32 1515.85 4847.46
PERCENTAGE (%)
19.01% 48.91% 54.44% 100.00%
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Total
current liabilities
90.84% 100.00% 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% S un dry cred ito rs
current assets
54.44% 60.00% 48.91% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 19 .81 % 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Inventories S und ry C ash and d ebtors ba nk b alance
9.15%
P ro vis io ns
It may be revealed that in the over all composition of sundry creditors ate the highest (90.84%), followed by sundry debtors (48.91%), Inventories (19.01%), Cash and bank balance ( 54.44%), Provisions (9.15%).
Information relating to various current assets and liabilities includes in the year 2007-08 PARTICULARS Current assets
Inventories Sundry debtors Cash and bank balance
AMOUNT
633.06 2922.98 1961.89 5517.93 3355.96
PERCENTAGE (%)
11.47% 52.97% 35.55% 100.00% 96.96%
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Total
C urren t assets
60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% 11.47% 50.00% 0.00% 52.97% 35.55% 100.00%
current liabilities
96.96%
3.03%
S undry c reditors
P rovis ions
It may be revealed that in the over all composition of sundry creditors ate the highest (96.96%), followed by sundry debtors (52.97%), Inventories (11.47%), Cash and bank balance ( 35.55%), Provisions (3.03%).
Information relating to various current assets and liabilities includes in the year 2008-09
AMOUNT
686.35 4459.29 2391.17 7536.81
PERCENTAGE (%)
9.10% 59.16% 31.72% 100.00%
Total
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Total
Current assets
60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% 9.10%
50.00%
Current liabilities
96.40%
59.16% 31.72%
100.00%
3.59%
0.00%
Sundry creditors
Provisions
It may be revealed that in the over all composition of sundry creditors ate the highest (96.40%), followed by sundry debtors (59.16%), Inventories (9.10%), Cash and bank balance ( 31.72%), Provisions (3.59%).
Information relating to various current assets and liabilities includes in the year 2009-10 PARTICULARS Current assets
Inventories Sundry debtors Cash and bank balance
AMOUNT
695.51 4914.05 1864.69 7474.25
PERCENTAGE (%)
9.30% 65.74% 24.94% 100.00%
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Total
C urren t assets
65.74% 80.00% 60.00% 24.94% 40.00% 9.30% 20.00% 0.00% InventoriesS undry Cas h and debtors bank balance
C urrent liabilities
75.50% 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% S undry c reditors P rovis ions 24.49%
It may be revealed that in the over all composition of sundry creditors ate the highest (75.50%), followed by sundry debtors (65.74%), Inventories (9.30%), Cash and bank balance ( 24.94%), Provisions (24.49%).
Information relating to various current assets and liabilities includes in the year 2010-11 PARTICULARS Current assets
Inventories Sundry debtors Cash and bank balance
AMOUNT
607.46 6873.78 1585.69 9066.93
PERCENTAGE (%)
6.69% 75.81% 17.48% 100.00%
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Total
C urren t assets
75.81% 80.00% 60.00% 17.48% 40.00% 6.69% 20.00% 0.00% InventoriesS undry Cas h and debtors bank balance
C urrent liabilities
94.65% 100.00% 50.00% 0.00% 5.34%
S undry c reditors
P rovis ions
It may be revealed that in the over all composition of sundry creditors ate the highest (75.50%), followed by sundry debtors (65.74%), Inventories (9.30%), Cash and bank balance ( 24.94%), Provisions (24.49%).
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A M O U N T
20062007
20072008
20082009
YEAR
20092010
20102011
FINDINGS :
There is a dedicated workers increase in growth of their turnover They provide good service that leads to customer satisfaction The company is recommended by Indian books association Mumbai They provide training facility They have good brand image They provide direct and indirect employment to many people
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SWOT ANALYSIS
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THREATS :
Uncertain policies of changing policy government Competition can enter into market for leadership New technology economic slowdown Maintenance Competition
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CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION :
The conclusion of whole the study is that the management of working capital in the VRL Logistics Pvt. Ltd. Is very good as it is above corporate standard. The profits of company are also growing with the sped, as the management of working capital is getting good. As well as level of working capital liquidity of company is also affected positively. So the study showing it is true that the working capital is the guiding for the organization survival growth and profitability.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
Financial Management : Khan & Jain Financial Management : I. M. Panday Annual Report VRL
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