F.

6 PURE MATHEMATICS FINAL EXAMINATION

Section A (40%)
1. Let f(x) =

'

+
0 f o r
0 f o r
c o s 1
3
x a
x
x
x x
. Given that f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Determine
) ( f x
. [Hint: Divide cases for 0 x and x = 0.]
(c) Is
) ( f x
continuous at x = 0? Explain.
(6 marks)
2. Let x x y
1
cos ) ( f

where
] , 0 [ x
.
(a) Show that 0 ) 1 (
2
y x y x and 0 ) 1 2 ( ) 1 (
) ( 2 ) 1 ( ) 2 ( 2
+
+ + n n n
y n xy n y x for n .
(b) Evaluate ) 0 ( f
(2008)
.
(7 marks)
3. Evaluate the following limits.
(a)
2
0
cos 2 cos
lim
x
x x
x

(b)
x
x
x
ln
1
1
tan
2
lim
,
_

(7 marks)
4. Let g : such that g(x + y) = g(x)g(y) x, y .
Given that 0 < g(1) < 1 and x [0 , 1), a constant M > 0 such that | g(x) | M.
Let f: such that
[ ]
x
x
x
) 1 ( g
) ( g
) ( f
x .
(a) Show that f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) x, y .
(b) Prove that f is a periodic function of period 1. [Hint: Try to show f(x + 1) = f(x) x .]
Hence, deduce that f is bounded on .
(6 marks)
5. Let [x] be the greatest integer not greater than x. (e.g. [3.2] = 3, [3.2] = 4 etc.)
Let f(x) =
x
x] 2 [
for 0 x .
(a) Does
) ( f lim
0
x
x
exist? Explain.
(b) (i) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) for 2 0 < x .
(ii) Let g(x) = f(x) [x] for 0 x . Is g(x) injective? Explain.
(6 marks)
P. 1
6. Let n , f(x) =
( )
x
x
n
1
1

+
.
(a) By differentiation, or otherwise, show that f(x) is strictly increasing for x > 0.
(b) (i) Show that ( )

+
+
n
k
k
k
n
n
n
1
1
1
1
. [Hint:
( )

+
+
n
k
n
n
n
1
1
1
1
]
(ii) Evaluate ( )

+
n
k
k
k
n
n
1
1
1 lim .
(8 marks)
Section B (60%)
7. (a) Suppose f(x) is a polynomial with real coefficients and deg f(x) 3. Show that
(i) if is a triple root of f(x) = 0 then
0 ) ( f ) ( f ) ( f
;
(ii) if
0 ) ( f ) ( f
, then is a repeated root of f(x) = 0.
(5 marks)
(b) Let g(x) = c bx ax x + + + 3 3
2 3
, where a, b, c . Suppose g(x) = 0 has a repeated real root.
(i) Show that b a
2
.
(ii) Suppose a
2
b, show that the repeated root of g(x) = 0 is
) ( 2
2
a b
c ab

.
(4 marks)
(c) Let p(x) = k x x x x + + + 11 6 60 56
2 3 4
, where k is a real constant.
Given that p(x) = 0 has a triple root.
(i) Find the value of k.
(ii) Solve p(x) = 0.
(6 marks)
8. Let f(x) =
1
| 1 |

+
x
x x
;
x
\{1}.
(a) (i) Determine f ' (x) for x 1 .
(ii) Is f(x) differentiable at x = 1 ? Explain your answer.
(iii) Determine f '' (x) for x 1 .
(4 marks)
(b) Determine the values of x for each of the following cases:
(i) f ' (x) > 0 ,
(ii) f ' (x) < 0 ,
(iii) f '' (x) > 0 ,
(iv) f '' (x) < 0 .
(3 marks)
(c) Find all relative extreme point(s), inflection point(s) of y = f(x) .
(3 marks)
(d) Find the asymptotes of the graph of y = f(x) .
(3 marks)
(d) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) .
(2 marks)
9. Let f : be twice differentiable. For any x and c (x c), define
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) )( ( f ) ( f ) ( f ) )( ( f ) ( f ) ( f ) ( g
2 2
x c c c x x t x t t x t x c t + +
(a) (i) Evaluate g(x) and g(c).
P. 2
(ii) By applying the Mean Value Theorem on g(t), show that
2
) (
2
) ( f
) )( ( f ) ( f ) ( f c x
d
c x c c x

+ +
for some d lying between x and c.
(6 marks)
Suppose further that
0 ) ( f < x
on (a , b). Let a
1
, a
2
, , a
n
(a , b) be n distinct
numbers and c =
n
a a a
n
+ + + ...
2 1
.
(b) By using the result in (a)(ii), or otherwise, show that
n
a a a
c
n
) ( f ... ) ( f ) ( f
) f(
2 1
+ + +
> .
(5 marks)
(c) Let a
1
, a
2
, , a
n
(0 , ) be n distinct numbers. Show that
n
n
n
c
c
a a a a
a a a a

,
_

sin
...
sin ... sin sin sin
3 2 1
3 2 1
.
(4 marks)
10. Let a > 0, define a sequence {a
n
} as

'

+
, . . . 3 , 2 , 1 f o r
1
1
n a a a
a a
n n
(a) (i) Show that {a
n
} is strictly increasing.
(ii) Show that
2
1 4 1 + +
<
a
a
n
for all positive integers n.
(4 marks)
(b) Let {b
n
} be a sequence of positive numbers such that

'

+
n
n
b
b
1
converges and
1 lim
1
<
+

n
n
n
b
b
.
Given that the condition above implies that there exists a constant k and a positive integer N
such that
1
1
<
+
k
b
b
n
n
for all N n .
(i) Show that
N n
N n
k b b

for N n .
[Hint:
1 2
3
1
2 1
...
+
+
+
+ +

n
n
N
N
N
N
N
N
N n
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b b
for N n ]
(ii) Let c
n
=

n
i
i
b
1
. By Monotonic Sequence Theorem, show that {c
n
} converges.
(8 marks)
(c) By using results in (a) and (b)(ii), show that the following infinite sum exists
... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 + + + + + +
(3 marks)
END OF PAPER
P. 3