Pune

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the municipality in Maharashtra, India. For its namesake district, see Pune district.

Pune
Queen of the Deccan, Oxford of the East, Detroit of India

metropolitan city

Clockwise from bottom: the National War Memorial Southern

Command, the HSBC Global Technology India Headquarters, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Fergusson College and Shaniwarwada

Location of in Maharashtra and India

Coordinates Former name Country State District(s) Subdistrict(s) Mayor Municipal Commissioner Population Density Metro Time zone Area Elevation

183113N 735124ECoordinates: 183113N 735124E Poona India Maharashtra Pune Haveli taluka Mohansingh Rajpal[1](NCP) Mahesh Pathak
5,518,688[2] (8th) (2011)

7,214 /km2 (18,684 /sq mi) 5,518,688[3] (8th) (2011) IST (UTC+05:30)
700 km2 (270 sq mi)

560 metres (1,840 ft)

Codes

Pincode 411 0xx Telephone +91- 20- XXXX XXXX Vehicle MH 12 (Pune), MH 14 (PCMC)

Website

pune.nic.in

The circular Nandi mandapa at the Pataleshwar cave temple, built during the Rashtrakuta dynasty Pune pronunciation (helpinfo) (Marathi: , pronounced IPA: [pue]), is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula (Marathi: ) and Mutha rivers (Marathi: ).[4] Pune city is the administrative capital of Pune district.

Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Pune was originally called Punawadi.[5] Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire, lived in Pune as a young boy, and later oversaw significant growth and development of the town during his reign. In 1730, Pune became an important political center as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara, it was during this era that Pune became the centre of Indian politics.[6] After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.[7] Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities and relative prosperity. Pune is the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Pune has well-established manufacturing, glass, sugar, and forging industries since the 1950-60s. It has a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district. The city is known for various cultural activities like classical music, spirituality, theater, sports, and literature. These activities and job opportunities attract migrants and students from all over India and abroad, which makes for a city of many communities and cultures.

Contents

1 Toponymy 2 History o 2.1 Early and Medieval o 2.2 Maratha rule o 2.3 British Rule o 2.4 Independence 3 Geography o 3.1 Neighbourhoods 4 Climate 5 Demographics 6 Religion 7 Culture 8 Cuisine 9 Economy 10 Industry 11 Administration o 11.1 Civic administration o 11.2 Military establishments 12 Architecture o 12.1 Museums, parks and zoos 13 Education and research o 13.1 Basic and special education o 13.2 University education o 13.3 Research institutes 14 Transport o 14.1 Air o 14.2 Rail o 14.3 Road 15 Media and communication 16 Cinema and Entertainment 17 Sports and recreation o 17.1 Sport institutions 18 Tourist Attractions 19 Notable personalities from Pune 20 Sister cities 21 See also 22 References 23 External links

[edit] Toponymy

The name Pune is derived from Sanskrit Puyanagara "City of Virtue". The oldest reference to this name was found on a Rashtrakuta Dynasty copper plate dated 937, that refers to the town as Punya-Vishaya or Poonak-Vishaya.[8] By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Kasbe Pune or Punavadi. The city's name is sometimes transcribed as Poona in English, a practice particularly common during the British Raj. The spelling Pune was formally adopted in 1976.[9]

[edit] History
Main article: History of Pune

[edit] Early and Medieval

Copper plates dated 758 AD and 768 AD show that, by the 8th century, an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed where Pune is today. The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakuta Dynasty. The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this era. Pune was part of the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri from the 9th century to 1327. In 1595, Maloji Raje Bhosale was appointed the jagirdar of Pune and Supe by the Mughal Empire.[8] It was ruled by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate until being annexed by the Mughals in the 17th century.

[edit] Maratha rule

In 1625, Shahaji appointed Rango Bapuji Dhadphale as the administrator of Pune. He was one of the first major developers of the town, overseeing construction of the Kasba Peth, Somwar Peth, Raviwar Peth and Shaniwar Peth. After the destruction of the town in raids by the Adil Shahi dynasty in 1630, and again from 1636 to 1647, Dadoji Kondadev, a military and administrative officer of Shahaji Bhosale, oversaw redevelopment and construction of the area. He stabilized the revenue system of Pune and the neighborhoods of Maval to the west of town. In addition, he developed effective methods to control disputes and enforce law and order. Construction began on the Lal Mahal palace, as Shahaji's son Shivaji was to move there with his mother Jijabai. The Lal Mahal was completed in 1640.[8] Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building of the Kasba Ganapati temple herself. The Ganesha idol consecrated at this temple is regarded as the presiding deity (gramadevata) of the city.[10] Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati in 1674, thus founding the Maratha Empire. He oversaw further development in Pune, including the construction of the Guruwar, Somwar, Ganesh and Ghorpade Peths. Shivaji Maharaj encouraged development of dams in Parvati and Kondhwa regions of Pune for agriculture purpose. Pune and surrounding villages later provided manpower for Shivaji's efforts to build an army during the period from 1645 to 1680. In between 1660 to 1670 the town was captured by Moghul General Shahista Khan, but was recaptured by the Marathas in 1670 after the battle of Sinhagad. During the 27-year long conflict between the Marathas and the Moghuls, the town was occupied by Aurangzeb from 1703 to 1705; during this

time the name of town was changed to "Muhiyabad".[citation needed] Two years later, the Marathas recaptured Sinhagad fort and later Pune city from the Moghuls as had been done in 1670.

Baji Rao I one of the famous nine Peshwas. In 1720, Baji Rao I was appointed Peshwa (Prime Minister) of the Maratha Empire, ruled by Chattrapati Shahu.[11] He selected Pune as his base and started construction of Shaniwar Wada on the banks of the Mutha. The construction was completed in 1730, ushering the era of Peshwa control of the city. The patronage of the Peshwas resulted in the construction of many temples and bridges in the city, including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill. Bajirao Peshwa also constructed an underground aqueduct to bring water from Katraj Lake to Shaniwar Wada. The aqueduct is still operational. Pune prospered as a city during the reign of Nanasaheb Peshwe. He developed Saras Baug, Heera Baug, Parvati Hill and new commercial, trading and residential localilties. The Sadashiv Peth, Narayan Peth, Rasta Peth and Nana Peth were developed in this era. The Peshwas fell into decline after their defeat in the 1761 Battle of Panipat. In 1802, Pune was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Poona, directly precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803-1805.

[edit] British Rule

The Aga Khan Palace was constructed by Aga Khan III in 1892. The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then transcribed Kirkee) on 5 November near Poona, and the city was seized by the British.[12] It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency, and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army). The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Navi Peth, Ganj Peth and Mahatma Phule Peth were developed during the British Raj.

Nana Sahib Peshwa, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Bajirao II, rose against the rule of British East India Company as a part of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, known in India as the First War of Independence. He was helped by Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Tatya Tope. At the end of the war, the final remnants of the Maratha Empire were annexed to British India. Pune was an important centre in the social and religious reform movements of the late 19th century. Many prominent social reformers and freedom fighters lived here, including Bal Gangadhar Tilak (also known as Lokmanya Tilak), Vitthal Ramji Shinde, Dhondo Keshav Karve and Jyotirao Phule. Poona (Pune) is also associated with the struggle for Indian independence. Mohandas Gandhi was imprisoned at Yerwada jail several times and placed under house arrest at the Aga Khan Palace in 1942-44, where both his wife and aide Mahadev Desai died. In late 1896, Poona (Pune) was hit by bubonic plague; and by the end of February 1897, the epidemic was raging, with a mortality rate twice the norm, and half the city's population fled. A Special Plague Committee was formed under the chairmanship of W. C. Rand, an Indian Civil Services officer. He brought troops to deal with the emergency. Although these measures were unpopular, the epidemic was under control by May. On 22 June 1897, during the Diamond Jubilee celebration of the coronation of Queen Victoria, Rand and his military escort Lt. Ayerst were shot while returning from the celebrations at Government House. Both died, Ayerst on the spot and Rand of his wounds on 3 July. The Chapekar brothers and two accomplices were charged with this murder, and with the shooting of two informants and an attempt to shoot a police officer. All three brothers were found guilty and hanged. An accomplice was dealt with similarly. Another, a school boy, was sentenced to ten years hard labour.

[edit] Independence
After Indian independence in 1947, from Britain Poona (Pune) saw a lot of development, such as the establishment of the National Defence Academy at Khadakwasla and the National Chemical Laboratory at Pashan. Pune serves as the headquarters of the Southern Command of the Indian Army.[13] Industrial development started in the 1950s and '60s in Hadapsar, Bhosari, Pimpri, and Parvati.[14] Telco (now Tata Motors) started operations in 1961, which gave a huge boost to the automobile sector. In July 1961, the Panshet and Khadakwasla dams broke and their waters flooded the city, destroying most of the older sections of town, facilitating the subsequent introduction of modern town planning concepts and the development of parts of Pune.[citation needed] The economy of the city witnessed a boom in the construction and manufacturing sectors. By 1966, the city had expanded in all directions.[14] In 1990 Pune began to attract foreign capital, particularly in the information technology and engineering industries; new businesses like floriculture and food processing started to take root in and around the city. In 1998, work on the six-lane Mumbai-Pune expressway began; the expressway being completed in 2001.[15] IT Parks were established in Aundh, Hinjawadi and on

Nagar Road. In 2008 the Commonwealth Youth Games took place in Pune, which encouraged additional development in the northwest region of the city.[16] In July 2009, India's first death due to H1 N1 occurred in Pune. Later the city became an epicentre of swine flue due to the large number of H1 N1 cases.[17] On 13 February 2010, a bomb exploded at the German Bakery in the upmarket Koregaon Park neighbourhood on the east side of Pune killing 17 and injuring 60.[18] The explosion is now suspected to be an improvised explosive device using an ammonium nitrate fuel oil mix.[19] The blast was a first in what was until then the relatively safe environment of Pune.[20]

[edit] Geography

Laxmi Road in Central Pune

Pashan Lake is a man made lake Pune is located 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan plateau. It is situated on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which form a barrier from the Arabian sea. It is a relatively hilly city, with its tallest hill, Vetal Hill, rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. Just outside the city, the Sinhagad fort is located at an altitude of 1300 m. Central Pune is located at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana and Indrayani rivers, tributaries of the Bhima river, traverse the northwestern outskirts of metropolitan Pune. Pune lies very close to the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam, about 100 km (62 mi) south of the city, and has been rated in Zone 4 (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes) by the India Meteorological Department. Pune has experienced some moderate-intensity and many low-intensity earthquakes in its history. Although no major earthquakes have originated in Pune itself, an earthquake of magnitude 3.2 took place in the Katraj region near Pune on May 17, 2004.[21] A low intensity earthquake observed on the night of

30 July 2008 was measured at 4.2 at around 12:41 am. The epicenter for the earthquake was in the Koyna Dam seismic field.[22]

[edit] Neighbourhoods
Main article: Neighborhoods of Pune

The northwestern suburb of Pashan The city of Pune can be divided into the following zones: Pune Neighbourhoods Neighbourhood

Zone

Central Pune

The seventeen Peths (markets) of Pune

Description These were established and developed during the Maratha and Peshwa rule, and are referred to as the old city. Bounded on the north by the Mula-Mutha river.

Deccan Gymkhana, Erandwane and Shivajinagar in New the west; Camp, Bund Garden and Koregaon Park in Developments the east; Swargate, Parvati Hill, Sahakarnagar, (inner) Mukund Nagar, Maharshi Nagar, Gultekdi and Salisbury Park to the south. Khadki, Aundh and Ganeshkhind in the northwest; Kothrud and Paud Road in the west; Dattawadi, Sahakarnagar and Dhankawadi in the southwest; New Bibwewadi and Lullanagar in the southeast; developments Yerwada, Wadgaon Sheri (including Kalyani Nagar (outer) and Shastri Nagar) in the northeast; Vishrantwadi in the north; Ghorpadi, Fatimanagar, Wanowrie and Hadapsar South to the east. Baner and Pashan in the northwest; Bavdhan and Warje in the west; Wadgaon Budrukh, Dhayari and Suburbs Ambegaon in the southwest; Katraj, Wanawadi, NIBM, Kondhwa, Undri and Mohammedwadi in the southeast; Hadapsar, Mundhwa and Manjri in the

Several educational institutes are located in the Bibvewadi and Dhankawadi neighborhoods.

Kharadi and Hadapsar are home to large IT parks

east; Kharadi in the northeast; Dhanori and Kalas to the north. The Pune Metropolitan Area also includes the following areas, located roughly to the northwest of Pune city. These are administered by the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.

Pimpri and its surroundings: Chikhli, Kalewadi, Kasarwadi, Phugewadi and Pimple Saudagar Chinchwad and its surroundings: Thergaon, Tathawade and Talawade Sangvi and its surroundings: Dapodi, Wakad, Hinjewadi, Pimple Nilakh and Pimple Gurav Bhosari and its surroundings: Moshi, Dighi, Dudulgaon and Charholi Budruk Nigdi, Akurdi and its surroundings: Ravet, Dehu Road and Somatane

[edit] Climate
Pune has a tropical wet and dry climate with average temperatures ranging between 20 to 28 C (68 to 82 F). Pune experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and a mild autumn. Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 38 C (86 to 100 F). The warmest month in Pune is April; although summer doesn't end until May, the city often receives heavy thundershowers in May (and humidity remains high). Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature ever recorded was 43.3 C (109.9 F) on April 30, 1897.[23] The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 10 to 28 C (50 to 82 F). Most of the 722 mm (28.4 inches) of annual rainfall in the city fall between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Autumn begins in November; November in particular is referred to as the Rosy Cold (literal translation) (Marathi: ). The daytime temperature hovers around 28 C (82 F) while night temperature is below 10 C (50 F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 5 to 6 C (41 to 43 F). The lowest temperature ever recorded was 1.7 C on January 17, 1935.[24]
Climate data for Pune Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
29.9 31.9 35.4 37.7 36.9 31.7 28.4 27.4 29.4 31.4 30.1 28.9 31.59 (85.8) (89.4) (95.7) (99.9) (98.4) (89.1) (83.1) (81.3) (84.9) (88.5) (86.2) (84.0) (88.87) 11.0 12.1 15.8 19.9 22.4 22.9 22.2 21.6 20.8 18.5 14.4 11.5 17.76 (51.8) (53.8) (60.4) (67.8) (72.3) (73.2) (72.0) (70.9) (69.4) (65.3) (57.9) (52.7) (63.96) 0 3 2 11 40 138 163 129 155 68 28 4 741 (0) (0.12) (0.08) (0.43) (1.57) (5.43) (6.42) (5.08) (6.1) (2.68) (1.1) (0.16) (29.17)

Month Average high C (F) Average low C (F) Precipitation mm (inches)

Avg. precipitation 0.1 days

0.3

0.3

1.1

3.3

10.9 17.0 16.2 10.9

5.0

2.4

0.3

67.8

Sunshine hours 291.4 282.8 300.7 303.0 316.2 186.0 120.9 111.6 177.0 248.0 270.0 288.3 2,895.9
Source: HKO

[edit] Demographics
Pune growth
Census 1851 1881 1891 1901 1921 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Pop. % 24.4% -5.0% 24.2% 41.1% 40.6% 30.2% 62.1%

73,209 129,751 161,390 153,320 133,227 488,419 606,777 856,105 1,203,351 1,566,651 2,540,069

Source: Census of India,[25] Imperial Gazetteer of India[26]

As per the 2010 Census of India estimate, the population of the Pune urban agglomeration is to peg around 5,518,688 [27] This includes the towns of Khadki, Pimpri-Chinchwad and Dehu. Growth in the software and education sectors has led to an influx of skilled labour from across India. The population of the urban agglomeration was estimated to be around 4,485,000 in 2005.[28] The migrating population rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005.[29] According to the Pune Municipal Corporation, 38.9% of the population lived in slums in 2001.[30] The sharp increase in censorial decade of 19912001 can be attributed to the absorption of 38 fringe villages into the city.[25] The literacy rate is about 81%.[31] Marathi is the official and most widely spoken language, while Hindi and English are understood and spoken widely. Pune has a great Marathi influence as it was the bastion of the Maratha Empire.

[edit] Religion

Chaturshringi Temple

Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati temple Hinduism is the dominant religion in Pune. Many Churches, Masjids, Gurudwaras, Buddhist Viharas, Jain temples and other religious buildings are found throughout the city.[32] The most prominent communities include Marathas, Mahars, Mali, Brahmin, Gujarati people, Shwetambar Jains, Marwaris and Sindhi people, along with the local communities. The most prominent Hindu temple in Pune is the Parvati Temple, located on Parvati hill and visible from most of the inner suburbs. The most visited temple is likely the Chaturshringi Temple, located on the slopes of a hill in the northwest of the city. During Navratri, there is a large procession to this temple and worshippers gather from around the country to pray here. The presiding god of Pune city is the Kasba Ganpati, whose temple is found in Kasba Peth in central Pune. Sarasbaug Ganpati is also a prominent landmark in Pune. The Pataleshwar Temple is believed to be one of the oldest temples in the city.[citation needed] Since 1894, Pune has celebrated Ganesh Chaturthi as a ten-day long festival, in which most neighborhoods put up a pandal (tent) with an idol of Ganesha, often amidst a religious setting, complete with decorative lights and festive music. This festival culminates with a parade of Ganesh idols from across the city carried to the local rivers to be immersed (Ganesh visarjan). The Kasba Ganapati, as the presiding deity of the city, is the first in this parade. The idea of a public celebration was initiated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Pune, and has since spread to many other cities, particularly Mumbai, which now has a parade every year. Religious person like Dnyaneshwar and revolutionary spiritual poet Sant Tukaram Maharaj were born near Pune. Their link to the city is commemorated with an annual pilgrimage to

Pandharpur, 300 kilometers away, consisting of a litter of both figures being carried to the main temple of the Hindu god Vithoba. The pilgrimage is timed to end on the auspicious day of Aashadhi Ekadashi Islam is the second largest religion in Pune.[citation needed] Pune has a large number of Mosques, the most prominent ones of which are Chand Tara Masjid, Jaama Masjid and Azam Campus Masjid. Chand Tara Masjid located in Nana Peth is one of the biggest and most important mosques in Pune as it is the city headquarter (markaz) for the Tabligi Jamaat. The Eid-gah Maidan located near Golibar Maidan on Shankar Sheth Road witnesses a large gathering of people for Eid namaz on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. There are a significant number of Christians residing in Pune. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pune (Latin: Poonen(sis)) is located here. It is a part of the Ecclesiastical province of Mumbai established in 1854 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Poona from the Apostolic Vicariate of Bombay. On 1 September 1886 it was Promoted to the Diocese of Poona. Protestantism arrived in the 18th century when the British took over from the Maratha empire. American missionaries were the first to start evangelizing local people building many churches and schools in Pune. Pune's Christians are also called Marathi Christians because of their use of the Marathi language. The Vineyard is a popular place of Christian worship in Dapoli, a village near Pune. Pune is also famous for its Marathi speaking Jews. The Ohel David Synagogue built by David Sassoon is renowned. David Sassoon died in the city in 1864. The Shrutisagar Ashram, located at Phulgaon off the Nagar road, houses the Vedanta Research Centre and a unique temple of Dakshinamurthy, located near the confluence of the Bhima, Bhama and Indrayani rivers. It was established in 1989 by Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati. Here one can find detailed explanations of ruti and smriti (including the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads and Puranas) in Marathi and English.

With 200,000 visitors annually, the Osho International Meditation Resort in Pune is one of the largest spiritual centres in the world Pune has been associated with several significant spiritual teachers. Osho lived and taught in Pune for much of the 1970s and 1980s. The Osho International Meditation Resort, one of the world's largest spiritual centers, is located in the Koregaon Park area. It has visitors from over a

hundred countries.[33] Pune is also the birthplace of avatar Meher Baba, although pilgrims usually travel to Meherabad to visit Meher Baba's tomb. Hazrat Babajan, one of the five Perfect Masters, lived the final 25 years of her life in Pune. She established her final residence first under an 'Azadirachta indica tree near Bukhari Shah's mosque in Rasta Peth and later another A. indica tree in the then-dilapidated section of Pune called Char Bawdi where she remained the rest of her life. There is a shrine erected in her honour in Pune, around the tree under which she made her final home.[34] The ISKCON movement also has a presence in the city at the Sri Radha Kunjbihari Mandir. B. K. S. Iyengar, an internationally known yoga master, established the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute in Pune in 1975, in order to train students in Iyengar Yoga.

[edit] Culture
Main article: Culture of Pune Pune is said to be the cultural capital of the state of Maharashtra. It epitomises the Marathi culture, which lays emphasis on education, arts and crafts, music, and theatre. Pune has emerged as a centre of modern architecture in India, with prize winning buildings. Pune culture reflects a blend of traditions with modernity, as along with hosting classical shows.[35]

[edit] Cuisine
Sorghum and Pearl millet are the main ingredients of traditional Pune food. A typical meal includes Puran Poli (a dessert bread), Bhakri (millet pancakes) with Pithla (a flour-based curry), Bhelpuri, Pav Bhaji and Misal.[36] Mastani, a thick milkshake containing dried fruit, is a speciality of the city.[37] Vada Pav,Misal Pav are famous street foods.

[edit] Economy
As one of the largest cities in India, and as a result of its many colleges and universities, Pune is emerging as a prominent location for IT and manufacturing companies to expand. Pune has the sixth largest metropolitan economy and the second highest per capita income in the country (Chandigarh is first). The automotive sector is prominent in Pune. It is home to the Automotive Research Association of India, which is responsible for the homologation of all vehicles available in India. All sectors of the automotive industry are represented, from two-wheelers and autorickshaws to cars, tractors, tempos, excavators and trucks. Automotive companies like Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, Mercedes Benz, Force Motors (Firodia-Group), Kinetic Motors have set ups in Pune. Automotive companies including General Motors, Volkswagen, and Fiat have set up greenfield facilities near Pune, leading The Independent to cite Pune as India's "Motor City".[38] Several automotive component manufacturers like Saint-Gobain Sekurit, TATA Autocomp Systems

Limited, Robert Bosch GmbH, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Visteon, and Continental Corporation are located here.

Infosys office building in Pune India's largest engineering conglomerate, the Kirloskar Group, was the first to bring industry to Pune by setting up Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. in 1945 at Kirkee in Pune. The Group was originally set up in Kirloskarwadi.[39] Kirloskar Brothers Limited (Indias largest manufacturer and exporter of pumps and the largest infrastructure pumping project contractor in Asia[40]), Kirloskar Oil Engines (India's largest diesel engine company[41]), Kirloskar Pneumatics Co. Ltd. and other Kirloskar companies are based in Pune. The Hinjawadi IT Park (officially called the Rajeev Gandhi IT Park) is a project being started by MIDC to house the IT sector in Pune. When completed, the Hinjawadi IT Park is expected to have an area of about 2,800 acres (11 km2). The estimated investment in the project is 60 crore (US$11.4 million).[42] To facilitate economic growth, the government made liberal incentives in its IT and ITES Policy, 2003 and leased properties on MIDC land.[43] The IT sector employs more than 70,000 people. Major software companies in Pune include Infosys, Persistent Systems, Geometric Limited, Symphony Services, Wipro, TCS, Cognizant, Symantec, Tech Mahindra, Syntel, Fujitsu Cybage, IBM global, Sybase and Crest Premedia Solutions (P) Ltd. . Software giant Microsoft intends to set up a 700 crore (US$133 million) project in Hinjewadi.[43] Pune and around also houses foreign direct investments like Alfa Laval, Sandvik, Atlas Copco, Keihin FIE, Panasonic, Sharp, Enkei, Tata Tokyo, Tata Yazaki, Tata Yutaka, Lumax and many more. Pune Food Cluster development project is an initiative funded by the World Bank. It is being implemented with the help of SIDBI, Cluster Craft to facilitate the development of the fruit and vegetable processing industries in and around Pune.[44][45]

[edit] Industry
The emergence of industrial Pune began in the early 1960s, with mechanical engineering industries putting up base. Pune's proximity to Mumbai, good climate and availability of talent made it a preferred destination to large firms like Tata Motors (TELCO then), Buckau Wolf (Thyssen Krupp now),KSB Pumps, Hindustan Antibiotics and several others.

Today, Pune has a diverse industrial population. It is one of India's most important automotive hubs, with some domestic and international auto giants manufacturing here. Pune also has hundreds of large and small IT companies. Pune is the largest hub in India [46] for German companies. According to the Indo-German Chamber of Commerce, Pune is the single largest hub for German companies from the last 60 years. Over 225 German companies have set up their businesses in Pune.[47]

[edit] Administration
[edit] Civic administration
The city of Pune is managed by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The Corporation consists of 149 directly elected councilors,[48] who are led by the Mayor of Pune, a titular position mainly acting as an ambassador and representative of the city. Actual executive power is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service who is appointed by the Government of Maharashtra.

Statue of Aryabhata on the grounds of IUCAA, Pune. As there is no known information regarding his appearance, any image of Aryabhata is an artist's conception. Apart from the PMC, four other administrative bodies are active within the Pune Metropolitan Area:

Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC),[49] responsible for PimpriChinchwad and its surroundings Khadki Cantonment Board (KCB),[50] responsible for Khadki Pune Cantonment Board (PCB),[51] responsible for Pune Cantonment

Dehu Road Cantonment Board, responsible for the Dehu Road area

A plan to establish a single Pune Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (PMRDA), consisting of the combined municipal councils, corporations, and other local governments of Pune, Pimpri-Chinchwad, Lonavala, Talegaon, Bhor, Shirur, Saswad, the three cantonments and hundred villages near the city, has been considered since 1997, but has still not been put into place.[52] This body would be the executing authority which would acquire and develop reserve land to improve the infrastruction of the Pune metropolitan area. The Pune Police is headed by the Police Commissioner of Pune, an officer of the Indian Police Service. The Pune Police report to the state ministry.

[edit] Military establishments

The National War Memorial Southern Command in Pune Cantonment Poona (Pune) was the largest military camp for the British forces during the Raj and the architecture in the cantonment area is very evocative of the era. The majority of the old Cantonment land in the city is now occupied by the Indian Army for the housing of its garrisons and officers.[53] The Southern Command, a World War II Indian Army formation, has its headquarters in Pune cantonment. The city is home to Lohegaon Aerodrome (previousley RAF Station Poona), the city's airport and Indian Air Force airfield for the Sukhoi-30MKI multi-role strike fighters. The National Defence Academy (NDA) is an integrated military training center that provides education up to the graduation level and joint training for cadets of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force.[54] The NDA estate is spread over 8,028 acres (3,209 hectares) of land in Khadakwasla near Pune and contains apart from NDA facilities, a mini sanctuary and Peacock Bay, one of the lakes that provide water to Pune city.[55] Pune also host College of Military Engineering which is also commonly referred to as CME, trains Students in Engineering subjects in relation to military.

[edit] Architecture
In addition to its various temples, historical attractions in and around Pune include the rock-cut Pataleshwar cave temple, Aga Khan Palace, Shaniwarwada, Lal Mahal, Shinde Chhatri and Sinhagad fort. The city is known for its British Raj and the Garden city movement layout of the Cantonment in the early twentieth century. Notable architects who have worked in Pune include B.V.Doshi, Charles Correa, Achyut Kanvinde and Christopher Charles Benninger. Modern master pieces in Pune include the IUCAA by Correa and a number of campuses by Benninger, including his studio complex called India House. His award winning campuses include the Mahindra United World College of India, the YMCA Campsite at Nilshi, the Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies, and Suzlon One Earth.

[edit] Museums, parks and zoos

Pu. La. Deshpande Garden Prominent museums in Pune include the Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Mahatma Phule Museum, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Museum and the Pune Tribal Museum. The College of Military Engineering has an archive and an equipment museum which has a rail exhibit with a metregauge train. A large railway museum is also coming up in Lonavala about 60 km (37 mi) away from the city on the Mumbai railway line.[citation needed] Pune has a number of public gardens, such as the Kamala Nehru Park, Sambhaji Park Shahu Udyan, Peshwe Park, Saras Baug, Empress Garden, Taljai Hills and Bund Garden. The PuneOkayama Friendship Garden, is a replica of the Korakuen Garden in Okayama, Japan.[56] The Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park is located at Katraj, close to the city.[57] The zoo, earlier located at Peshwe Park, was merged with the reptile park at Katraj in 1999. Besides this, certain spots in Pune such as Hanuman Tekdi, Vetaal Tekdi and Taljai forest are popular haunts for nature lovers. As the agro-pharmaceutical business has dwindled in recent decades, immigration from erstwhile tribal peoples now accounts for seventy percent of population growth and education syllabi have not adjusted in accordance with other industrialised regions.[58][59] This has created what has

become an exclusive environment in the government's expansion of education infrastructure, and Marathi literati have received a number of grants in areas that were previously ignored. Both experimental ( ) and professional theatre receive extensive patronage from the Marathi community. The Tilak Smarak Mandir, Bala Gandharva Rangmandir, Bharat Natya Mandir, Yashwantrao Chavan Natyagriha and Sudarshan Rangmanch are prominent theatres in the city. Ganesh Kala Krida Rangamanch is the largest closed theatre in the city, with a seating capacity of 45,000.[60] The Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav, one of the most prominent and sought-after Indian classical music festivals in India is held in Pune every year in December. It commemorates the life and achievements of Pt. Sawai Gandharva.[61] The concept of Diw Pah originated in Pune as a music festival on the morning of the festival of Diwali.[62]

[edit] Education and research

Main article: Education in Pune Pune has more than a hundred educational institutes and nine universities,[63] students from all over the world studying at the colleges of the University of Pune. After the fall of the Marathas in 1818 and establishment of educational institutions by the British, Pune came to be referred to as the Oxford of the East[64] due to its large student population, and a large number of quality academic and research institutes. Pune has more schools, colleges and universities than any other city in the world[citation needed].

[edit] Basic and special education

Main article: Schools in Pune Public schools (known locally as "municipality schools") are run by the Pune Municipal Corporation, and are affiliated with the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education. Private schools are run by educational trusts or individuals. They are usually affiliated to either the state board or to national education boards, such as the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education., CBSE or NIOS boards.

The University of Pune

Pune is the largest centre for Japanese learning in India.[65] Other languages including German (taught at the Max Muller Bhavan) and French (at the Alliance Franaise de Poona) are popular in the city.

[edit] University education

Main article: List of colleges and universities in Pune Most colleges in Pune are affiliated to the University of Pune, established in 1948. Seven other universities have also been established in the city.[66]

College of Engineering Pune Top ranked engineering colleges such as College of Engineering, Pune(COEP), Maharashtra Institute of Technology,MIT College of Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology and Pune Institute of Computer Technology. The College of Engineering Pune, now autonomous institute of government of Maharashtra, founded in 1854, is the third oldest engineering college in Asia. The Deccan Education Society was founded by several local citizens in 1884, including social and political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak,[67] and was responsible for founding Fergusson College in 1885. This society currently maintains and operates 32 institutes in Pune. The STES also runs a variety of education institutes providing education in multiple fields here . The National Defence Academy, Film and Television Institute of India, Dnyaneshwar Vidyapeeth, National Film Archives, Armed Forces Medical College and National Chemical Laboratory were established in Pune after the independence of India. Symbiosis International University, which operates 33 different colleges and institutions in the city which includes colleges like[68] Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM), which is ranked amongst the top management institutes in the country[69] and Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies and Research (SICSR) which is one of the few colleges in India that promotes Open source technology.

National Chemical Laboratory ILS Law College, established by the Indian Law Society, is one of the top ten law schools in India. Established medical schools such as the Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) and Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College train students from all over Maharashtra and India and are amongst the top medical colleges in India. The AFMC consistently ranks among the top five medical colleges in India.[70] The Lalit Kala Kendra is an undergraduate department of Music, Dance and Drama on the University of Pune campus that has been operational since 1987. This department features a combination of Gurukul and formal education systems.[71]

[edit] Research institutes

Home to some of India's important research institutes, Pune has a conducive research atmosphere. Some of the major research centres are:

National Chemical Laboratory (NCL): With more than 800 patents [72] to its credit, India's leading chemical research establishment has achieved international importance. Dr. Raghunath Mashelkar has been its most illustrious director in whose tenure the lab achieved its status that it enjoys today. It is regularly visited by international nobel laureates. Inter-university Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics (IUCCA) National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) National Institute of Virology (NIV) National Research Centre for Grapes (NRCG) Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Central Water & Power Research Station (CWPRS) National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS) Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM): Scientists at IITM has several significant achievements in tropical weather[73] National Informatics Centre (NIC) Armament Research Development Establishment (ARDE) High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL)

Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (CMET) Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) National AIDS Research Centre (NARI) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)

Several military and armament research organizations are located in Pune (see the Military establishments section in this article).

[edit] Transport
[edit] Air
Main article: Pune International Airport Pune International Airport is an international airport at Lohegaon, operated by the Airports Authority of India. It shares its runways with the neighboring Indian Air Force base.[74] In addition to domestic flights to all major Indian cities, this airport serves international direct flights to Dubai (operated by Air India Express)[75] and to Frankfurt (operated by Lufthansa).[76] The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation is responsible for the design and construction of a new Pune International Airport. The area between Chakan and Rajgurunagar, around the villages of Chandus and Shiroli, is currently being considered as a construction site. If constructed here, it will be at a distance of 40 km (25 mi) from central Pune.[77]

[edit] Rail
Local trains (EMUs) connect Pune to the industrial town of Pimpri-Chinchwad and the hill station of Lonavala, while daily express trains connect Pune to Mumbai, Howrah, Delhi, Jammutawi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Goa, Varanasi, and Jamshedpur. At Pune, there is diesel locomotive shed and electric trip shed.[78] A rapid transit system has been proposed in Pune and is scheduled to begin operations in 2013.[79] Pune Metro Rail is being planned in consultation with Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited, the corporation which built and operates the Delhi Metro. It will be a combination of elevated and underground sections, with initial routes being planned between Pimpri-Swargate and Vanaz-Ramwadi. The city has a railway station, Pune Railway Station. The station is administrated by the Pune Railway Division of the Central Railways.[80] All the railway lines to Pune are broad gauge.

[edit] Road
Main article: Roads of Pune

Pune BRTS is the first Bus Rapid Transit System in India. The project consists of 16.5 kilometers (10.3 mi) of bus lanes along the Pune Satara Road using airconditioned, low-floor more than 500 Volvo B7RLE buses. Both public and private transport are popular in Pune. Public buses within the city and its suburbs are operated by the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML). The PMPML operates the Pune Bus Rapid Transit system, the first of its kind in India, in which dedicated bus lanes allow buses to travel quickly through the city.[81] Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation runs buses from its main stations in Shivajinagar, Pune station and Swargate to all major cities and towns in Maharashtra and neighbouring states. Private companies too run buses to major cities throughout India.[82] Pune is well-connected to other cities by Indian highways and state highways. National Highway 4 (NH 4) connects it to Mumbai, Bangalore and Kolhapur. NH 9 to Hyderabad, and NH 50 to Nashik. State highways connect it to Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, and Alandi. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India's first six-lane high-speed expressway, was built in 2002, and has reduced travel time between Pune and Mumbai to almost two hours. A ring road is being planned for the convenience of heavy traffic.[83]

The Mumbai-Pune Expressway India's first Expressway as seen from Khandala Pune is served by two intra-city highways: Old Pune-Mumbai Highway and Katraj-Dehu Road Bypass, a part of National Highway 4. The Nashik City-Pune Highway NH 50 will be part of the golden triangle(Nashik-Pune-Mumbai).

[edit] Media and communication

Marathi language newspapers such as Sakal, Loksatta, Lokmat, Kesari, Maharashtra Times and Pudhari are popular. Major English dailies in the city are The Times of India, Indian Express, Pune Mirror, Sakal Times and Daily News & Analysis (DNA) have editions based in Pune, with additional local supplements. There's also an all Youth Tabloid called TILT - The ILIKE Times. Pune has FM Radio services running for the last few years. Though Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz) tops the popularity rating (it being the first of Private FM channels being introduced in the city), AIR FM (101.MHz), Radio City(91.10), Radio One (94.30), Red FM (93.5) and Vidyavaani (107.4 University of Pune's own FM Channel) have their audiences as well, which they very well enjoy.

[edit] Cinema and Entertainment

There are many multiplexes and single screen theatres in Pune. Stage theatres(Act Play) where Marathi plays can be seen such as Balgandarva, Tilak Smarak Mandir, Yashwantrao Chavan Natyagruh are a popular intellectual passtime for Punekars. Shoppings malls and international fastfood chains are ubiquitous in Pune.

[edit] Sports and recreation

See also: Pune FC, Pune Race course, and Pune Warriors India Popular games and sports in Pune include athletics, cricket, basketball, badminton, field hockey, football, tennis, kabaddi, Paragliding, kho-kho, rowing and chess. The Pune International Marathon is an annual marathon conducted in Pune. The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games were held in Pune. Cricket is played between clubs affiliated with the Maharashtra Cricket Association, which maintains a domestic cricket team (the Maharashtra cricket team). This team, one of three based in the state of Maharashtra, competes in interstate matches and leagues, such as the Ranji Trophy.Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium,is where National and One Day International matches take place.It has been named after the First Prime Minister of Independent India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. An Indian Premier League cricket team based in Pune began play in 2011. The team is named as Pune Warriors India and was brought for Rs.1702 Crores or $370 million. It is the most expensive team in the Indian Premier League, and it is owned by Sahara Group. It is captained by Yuvraj Singh and includes players like Angelo Mathews, Ashish Nehra, Mitchell Marsh, Sourav Ganguly, etc. A new stadium being built in Gahunje on Mumbai Pune express way, will be the Home of this Team.

Pune FC Pune also has its own football team named as Pune FC. The Pune Football Club, also known as Pune FC, is a recently founded football club that plays in the Indian Football League. It was established in August 2007. Pune has basketball at the Deccan Gymkhana club and at Fergusson College.[84] American football coach J. D. Walsh held his first JDBasktball India camp in Pune.[85] The Elite Football League of India (ELFI) - an American gridiron football competition slated for a Fall 2012 kickoff - has announced that the Pune BlackTigers will be a member-franchise. The National Education Foundation organises Enduro3, a cross country adventure race in Pune. It is normally a 2 or 3 day event with activities like cycling, trekking, river-crossing and rifle shooting.[86] The city has been host to the 2009 FIVB Men's Junior World Championship.

The Pune Race course, located in Pune Cantonment, was built in 1830 over 118.5 acres (0.480 km2) of land. The land is controlled by the Indian Army. The racing season is from July to October every year. The Royal Western India Turf Club manages the race course. The course has two training tracks and two racing surfaces. Major racing events include The Pune Derby, RWITC Invitational, Independence Cup and the Southern Command Cup.[87] The beginnings of badminton can be traced to mid-19th century Pune (then known as Poona). During a party, a few guests fastened feathers onto champagne corks and used the bottles as bats. They called this game Poonai.[88] The first rules of the game were written in Pune in 1873, by the British.[89]

[edit] Sport institutions

Further information: Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex Prominent sporting institutions in Pune include the Nehru Stadium, the Deccan Gymkhana, the PYC Hindu Gymkhana and the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex at Balewadi. The Nehru Stadium is the home ground of the Maharashtra cricket team, and has hosted many prominent cricket events, including one of the matches in the 1996 Cricket World Cup. The Deccan Gymkhana has hosted Davis Cup matches on several occasions. The facility at Balewadi hosted the National Games in 1994 as well as the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. The Royal Connaught Boat Club is one of several boating clubs on the Mula-Mutha river. A new cricket stadium, Pune International Cricket Centre renamed as Subroto Roy Cricket Stadium, is under construction in Gahunje on the Mumbai-Pune Expressway near Pune. This stadium will be the headquarters for the Maharashtra Cricket Association and home for the Maharashtra cricket team. It will be a state-of-the-art stadium, and will host the home matches of Sahara Pune Warriors, IPL team of Pune.[90] Prominent sportspersons hailing from Pune include cricketer D. B. Deodhar, Chandu Borde, father-son cricketing duo Hemant and Hrishikesh Kanitkar, tennis players Radhika Tulpule, Gaurav Natekar and Nitin Kirtane, and table-tennis player Sujay Ghorpade. Abhijit Kunte and Pravin Thipse are chess grandmasters and national champions. Dhanraj Pillay is ex-captain of the Indian national field hockey team. Pune also has a rugby team, registered with the IRFU as Rugby Football Sports Pune (RFS Pune). As of November, 2010, RFS Pune has qualified for First Division Rugby, while placing second in the Callaghan Cup Held in Chennai in the same month. Pune offers much promise in this sport. When the Elite Football League of India was introduced in August 2011, Pune was noted as one of eight cities to be awarded a team for the inaugural season, although the team's games will be played in Balewadi. In fact, all 56 games of EFLI's opening season will be played at the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, which will be retrofitted to host the sport. Named the Pune Black Tigers, it will be Pune's first professional American football franchise.[91][92]

[edit] Tourist Attractions

Shrimant Dagdusheth Halwai Ganpati Shaniwar Wada Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum Mahatma Phule Museum Chaturshingi Temple P. L. Deshpande Garden Parvati Temple Sinhgad Khadakwasla Dam Pataleshwar Cave Temple Empress Garden Shinde Chatri Tulsi Baug Jangli Maharaj Road(Restaurants) Koregaon Park(Up-market area) Saras Baug Race Course Bund Garden Osho Park Aga Khan Palace Botanical Garden Bund Garden

[edit] Notable personalities from Pune

Bal Gangadhar Tilak Mahadev Govind Ranade Anandi Gopal Joshi Pandita Ramabai Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Savitribai Phule Gopal Krishna Gokhale Pandit Bhimsen Joshi P. L. Deshpande Jayant Narlikar Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve Laxmanrao Kirloskar Bal Gandharva Dr.Vijay Bhatkar Acharya Atre

Pune topics
History Sinhagad Shaniwar Wada Battle of Khadki Baji Rao I

Nanasaheb Peshwa Bal Gangadhar Tilak Pune Terror Attacks Civic Mayor Pune Police Pune Municipal Corporation Pune Cantonment Board Pune Metropolitan Area Buildings Aga Khan Palace Ruby Hall Shaniwar Wada Vishrambaug Wada Balbharti Shinde Chhatri

Chaturshringi Temple Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati Temples Temple Pataleshwar Kasba Ganapati Dashabhuja Ganapati Temple Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum Mahatma Phule Museum Landmarks Museums Babasaheb Ambedkar Museum Pune Tribal Museum National War Museum Bund Garden Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park Shunyo Parks and Park Shahu Udyan Peshwe Park Saras Baug Empress Garden Kamala Nehru Park Sambhaji Park Pu La Zoos Deshpane Udyan Others Economy New Katraj Tunnel Old Katraj Tunnel Katraj Ghat Software companies Market Yard Mandai Magarpatta City International Convention Centre Air Pune International Airport New Pune International Airport * NDA Glider Airport Hadapsar Airport

Pune Railway Station Pune Suburban Service Shivajinagar Rail Station Khadki Station Ahmedabad - Mumbai - Pune Bullet train * Transport Mumbai-Pune Expressway Old Pune-Mumbai Highway Pune Station Bus Stand Swargate Bus Stand Shivajinagar Road Bus Stand Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation Ring Road Shivajinagar Station - Swargate Skywalk * Pune Mahanagar Internal Parivahan Mahamandal Limited Pune BRTS Pune Metro * Pune Monorail * Mumbai-Chennai NH 4 Pune-Nashik NH 50 Pune-Solapur (Part of NH 9) Karve Road F C Road J M Road Tilak Road M G Road Laxmi Road Sinhgad Road Pune-Paud Law College Road Canal Road Chhatrapati Shivaji Road Bajirao Road Katraj-Dehu Road Bypass Meher Baba Osho Sawai Gandharva Music Festival Ganesh festival Shaniwarwada Dance Festival

Roads

Culture

College of Engineering National Defence Academy Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute Fergusson College University of Pune Education Film and Television Institute of India Sinhgad College of Engineering Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Symbiosis

Institute of Business Management Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies Pune Institute of Computer Technology National Chemical Laboratory Deccan College Armed Forces Medical College Bharti Vidyapeeth Law college Pune Marathon 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games 2009 Events FIVB Men's Junior World Championship FIBA Asia Under16 Championship for Women 2009 2011 Rollball World Cup Sports Pune FC Pune Warriors Pune Strykers Pune Black Tigers Teams Maharashtra cricket team Chetak FC Deccan XI FC CMS Falcons FC Fatima XI FC Khadki Blues FC Royal Connaught Boat Club Nehru Cricket Ground Pune International Cricket Centre Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Venues Complex Pune Race course CAFVD Sports Stadium Sanas Sports Ciy Vetal Hill (Hanuman Tekdi) Fergussen Hill Parvati Hills and Hill Baner Hill Sutarwadi Hill Katraj Hill Mountains Ramtekdi Gultekdi Mula River Mutha River Mula-Mutha River Water Bodies Peacock Bay Katraj Lake Pashan Lake Ramnadi Ambilodha Somwar Peth Mangalwar Peth Budhwar Peth Guruwar Peth Shukrawar Peth Shaniwar Peth Raviwar Peth Central Kasba Peth Ganj Peth (Mahatma Phule Peth) Bhavani Pune Peth Ghorpade Peth Ganesh Peth Sadashiv Peth Narayan Peth Rasta Peth Nana Peth Navi Peth Pune Cantonment (Camp) Yerwada Kalyani Nagar Koregaon Park Kothrud Swargate Shivajinagar Aundh Lohegaon Sopan Baug Deccan Gymkhana Nal Stop Erandavane Paud Phata Parvati Mukundnagar Maharshinagar Gultekdi Erandwane Salisbury Park Bopodi Heera Baug

Geography

Inner Pune City Areas

Range Hills Khadki Khadki Cantonment Ganeshkhind Dattawadi Sahakarnagar Dhankawadi Bibvewadi Outer Lullanagar Upper Kondhwa Ghorpadi Fatimanagar Pune Wanowrie Vishrantwadi Ramwadi Vanaz Kharadi Gokhale Nagar Katraj Balewadi Warje Baner Pashan Hadapsar Pune City Bavdhan Manjri Dhanori Kalas Wadgaon Budruk Suburbs Dhayari Lower Kondhwa Undri Mohammedwadi Mahalunge

Planned Under construction

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Pune district topics

History

2010 Pune bombing Battle of Khadki Bedse Caves Bhaja Caves Ghorawadi caves Karla Caves Korigad Lal Mahal Lohagad Malhargad Mangalgad Maratha empire Purandar fort Rajgad Sangram Durg Shaniwarwada Shivneri Sinhagad Tikona Torna Tung Fort Visapur fort Vishalgad Indrayani River Katraj Lake Khadakwasla Dam Pavananagar Dam Malshej Ghat Mula River Mula-Mutha River Mulshi Dam Mutha River Naneghat Panshet Dam Pavana River Peacock Bay Temghar Dam Valvan Dam

Geography

Varasgaon Dam Alandi Baramati Bhor Chakan Daund Dehu Road Dehu Indapur Jejuri Junnar Kamshet Kanhe Khadki Khandala Kusgaon Budruk Lonavla Malavali Manchar Pimpri-Chinchwad Pune Rajgurunagar (Khed) Sasvad Shirur Shivatkar (Nira) Talegaon Dabhade Tathavade Vadgaon Ranjangaon Moshi Aga Khan Palace Bhimashankar Temple Chaturshringi Temple Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati temple Lenyadri Pataleshwar Parvati Temple Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum Maha Ganapati Chinchwad Railway Station Deccan Queen Indrayani Express

Cities and towns

Monuments

Transport

Khadki Station Mumbai-Pune Expressway Pimpri Railway Station Pune BRTS Pune International Airport New Pune International Airport Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML) Pune Railway Station Sinhagad Express Pune Suburban Service Lonavla Station Shivajinagar Station AFMC Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal College of Engineering Deccan College Fergusson College Film and Television Institute of India Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics National Defence Academy Symbiosis International University University of Pune Baramati Maval Pune Shirur Ambegaon Baramati Kasba Peth Kothrud Maval Pune Cantonment Shivajinagar Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park Nehru Stadium 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games Chikki

Education

Lok Sabha constituencies

Vidhan Sabha constituencies

Parks and grounds Culture

Lavani Pune International Marathon Puran Poli Royal Connaught Boat Club Sawai Gandharva Music Festival

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Suburbs of Pune
Pune city Suburbs Baner Balewadi Pashan Bavdhan Warje Wadgaon Budruk Dhayari Hadapsar Mundhwa Manjri Dhanori Kalas Lower Kondhwa Undri Mohammedwadi Pimpri and surroundings Chinchwad and Surroundings PimpriChinchwad Areas Sangvi and surroundings Bhosari and surroundings Pimpri Kalewadi Dapodi Chikhli Phugewadi Chinchwad Thergaon Tathawade Talawade Sahu Nagar Dapodi Pimple Nilakh Pimple Gurav Hinjawadi Nashik Phata Wakad Pimple Saudagar Valabhnagar Sangvi Kasarwadi Bhosari Moshi Dighi Dudulgaon Charholi Budruk

Nigdi - Akurdi and Ravet Somatne Nigdi Nigdi Pradhikaran Akurdi Dehu Road surroundings Civic Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation Pune Metropolitan Area Air New Pune International Airport Pimpri-Chinchwad Bus Stand Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited PimpriChinchwad Bus Rapid Transit System Pune Metro Pavana River Rail Local Trains Chinchwad Railway Station Pimpri Railway Station Transport Road Internal Geography Neighboring Villages Military Sports

Hills and Mountains Durga Tekdi Ghorawadi caves Water Bodies

Chakan Alandi Dehu Paud Talegaon Dabhade Sus Vadgaon CME Dehu Road Cantonment NDA, Khadakwasla PCMC Hockey Stadium

Pune History
Pune was initially built as an agricultural settlement, by the name of Punnaka. The city dates back to the 8th century and was under the rule of the Rashtrakutas. After Rashtrakutas, the city came under the reign of the Mughals and the Marathas, which came to end somewhere around the year 1818. The mid-seventeenth saw Pune adopting the role of the temporary residence of King Shivaji. In the following lines, we have provided more information on the history of Puna, India. In 1749, the city was given the status of the capital of the Maratha kingdom, under the Peshwa rule. As per the origin & history of Pune, this time proved to be the golden era for the city as it experienced large-scale development during this period. A number of temples were also constructed under the Peshwa rule, contributing to the architectural beauty of Pune. Standing as a testimony to this time is the Shivneri Fort, where Shivaji was born and spent a major portion of his childhood. Pune history shows that the city played a major role in the independence struggle also. It served as the starting point of a number of social as well as religious reforms. Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar started numerous movements from Pune. The city also played host to reformers like Mahadev Govind Ranade, R.G. Bhandarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde and Mahatma Jyotirao Phule. After the country attained independence, efforts were made to develop Pune as an educational and research center. The first step in this regard was the establishment of the University of Pune, and the National Defence Academy (NDA) in the city. Today, Pune is home to some of the best schools, colleges as well as professional institutions of India. Infact, the city is known as the 'Oxford of the East'. The establishment of numerous software companies in the city has added to its attraction.

Pune Tourist Attractions

The city of Pune is considered to be the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Standing as a proof to this are the numerous monuments of the city. Right from forts to gardens to museums, each and every tourist attraction of Pune boats of great architecture. A tour to the Puna city of India is incomplete without a visit to these monuments. They serve as a reminder of the history as well as culture of the city. In the following lines, we have provided information about the places to visit on Pune sightseeing tours. Aga Khan Palace Aga Khan Palace is situated in the Yerwada area of Pune. Sultan Mohammed Shah, Aga Khan

III, got the palace constructed in the year 1892. The aim behind the construction of the Aga Khan Palace was to provide employment to the people of the nearby areas, who were hit by famine. Film and Television Institute of India Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) of Pune is situated on the Law College Road, at a distance of one km from Deccan Gymkhana. Spread over an area of 21 acres, the institute was established on the recommendation of Film Enquiry Committee. Lal Mahal Lal Mahal (Palace), dating back to the year 1634, was constructed by Sahaji Bhonsale, Shivaji's father. When Sahaji received territories in Pune from Bijapur Sultanat, he sent his wife, Jijabai, and his son to the city and got the palace built as their residence. Osho Commune International Osho Commune International is an ashram founded by Rajneesh Chandra Mohan Jain, popularly known as Osho. Situated in the Koregaon Park of Pune, Osho Ashram is mainly famous for the meditation courses it offers. Away from the hectic pace of city life, the ashram comes as a welcome relief for the people Parvati Hill and Temple Parvati Hill and Temple are quite famous amongst the tourists visiting Pune. The hill is situated at a distance of approximately one km from Swargate and four km from Deccan Gymkhana. The picturesque beauty of the hill is what draws tourists here. Raj Bhavan Raj Bhavan of Pune, also known as the Government House, dates back to the year 1866. It is situated in Ganeshkhind and was designed by the famous architect, James Trubshawe. Built under the British Raj, Raj Bhavan was originally meant to be used in summers by the government of Bombay Presidency under the British Raj. Shaniwar Wada Shaniwar Wada is situated in Shaniwar Peth, near the railway station of Pune. It is a fort, whose foundation was laid down by Peshwa Baji Rao in the year 1729-30. It took two years to complete the fort and later, many additions were also made to it by the successors of Baji Rao. Shindyanchi Chhatri One of the greatest architectural beauties of the Pune city is the Shindyanchi Chhatri, situated in Wanowrie. It is a memorial dedicated to the great soldier, Mahadji Shinde. For twenty years, between 1760 and 1780, he served as the commander-in-chief of the Maratha army under the Peshwas. Pune Tourist Attractions Aga Khan Palace Film & Television Institute Lal Mahal Osho Commune Parvati Hill and Temple

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City Map of Pune