Fabulaefacilesfi 00 Ritcrich

GIFT OF
Harold Wheeler
FABULAE FA GILES
A FIRST LATIN READER
CONTAINING DETACHED SENTENCES AND
CONSECUTIVE STORIES
WITH
NOTES AND A VOCABULARY
BY
Fr
RITCHIE, M
M.A.
THE BEACON, SEVENOAKS

AUTHOR OF 'first STEPS
IN LATIN,' ETC.
NEW
IMPRESSION
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND

39
CO. PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY

1898
GIFT
OF
PREFACE
The
difficulties
encountered by beginners in Latin Trans:
lation
may
be grouped as follows
First, Difficulties of
Accidence
i.e.
of ascertaining the
meaning
of each
word by the help

of
of the Vocabulary.
Secondly. Difficulties
Syntax;
i.e.
of determining
the mutual relations of the words, and the order

in
which the words are

of
to be taken.
i,e.
Thirdly. Difficulties
Idiom;
of translating a
is
group of words whose English equivalent

the mere
not
sum
of
the meanings of each separate
word.
In even the
easiest
Latin
author
:
these
difficulties
are of course presented all at once
the inevitable result
being a certain amount of confusion in the mind of the

pupil.
In
this
book an attempt has been made to graduate

without
forcinoj
difficulties
any elaborate system upon
968319
iv
Preface.
the teacher.
To separate Accidence from Syntax

it
is
of
course impossible, but
is
obviously desirable to defer

the preliminary difficulties
I.
the introduction of Idioms
till
have been
fairly mastered.
Accordingly, Part
consists
of detached sentences intended to afford practice in the
Accidence, the use of the Vocabulary, and the simpler

rules of Syntax.
Part
II. consists
of connected narrative,
introducing by degrees all ordinary constructions, except

those which
above.
come under the head

III. the
of Idiom, as defined
In Part
Accusative and Infinitive and
the Ablative Absolute are introduced.
The
Kelative,
the
Subjunctive, the Accusative and
Infinitive, etc., are explained in special Notes,
and Pre-
liminary Exercises on each are provided.
These Notes
and Exercises are placed separately at the end of the

book, in order not to interfere with any method of explanation that the teacher
may
prefer to adopt.
With
a view to smoothing the
way towards
and
reading
is
Caesar's Commentaries (which maintains,

to maintain, its
likely
high place among text-books for lower
forms), words
and phrases employed by Caesar have been
freely introduced throughout the book.
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

The Text has been
carefully revised, the
it
Notes have
been thrown into a form which,
is
hoped, will be
found more convenient, and a

given in the Vocabulary.
little
more help has been
My
thanks for
much
valuable assistance are especially
due to the Eev. E. C. Wickham, Head Master of Wellington College, and to the Eev. E. D. Stone.
From
ing
a letter addressed to
me by
Mr.
Wickham
with
reference to this book, I venture to quote the follow-
:
life.
"It launches the student at once in ancient

classical stories,
The old
they are
;
simply
told,
seem
to
me much
the best material for

;
early Latin reading.
They
are abundantly interesting
taken for granted in the real literature of the language
and they
can be told without starting the beginner on a wrong track by a

barbarous mixture of ancient and modern ideas.
" It combines,
if
may
say
so,
very skilfully, the interest of a
continuous story, with the gradual and progressive introduction of

constructions
right
and idioms.
to
These seem to
me
to be introduced at the
moment, and
be played upon long enough to make them
thoroughly
familiar.'*
F.
EITCHIE.
Digitized by the Internet' Archive

in
2007 with funding from

IVIicrosoft
Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/fabulaefacilesfiOOritcrich
CONTENTS
PART L
PAOK
Detached Sentences,
1-23
Regular Verbs Active Voice Passive VoiceSiibject and Verb Transitive Verb and Object Subject, Verb, Object Adjectives of First and Second Declensions
Nouns of Fourth and Genitive The Verb suraApposition Adjectives used substantively Pronouns Ablative and Prepositions Time Dative Deponent Verbs Prolative InfinitiveIrregular Verbs.
Adjectives of Tbird Declension
Fifth Declensions
PART 11.
Consecutive Stories,
Perseus
24-53
Hercules.
PART III.
Consecutive Stories
{continued).
54-81
The Argonauts
Ulysses.

Contents.
PAGE
General Notes,
The Subject The Object Distinction of Subject and The ObjecObject The Subjective Complement tive Complement Adjectives The Accusative The The Place The Ablative The Da,tive Genitive Relative The SubComplex Sentence Infinitive junctive Mood The Accusative with the Infinitive Gerunds Gerundives The Ablative Absolute.
83-101
Special Notes,
102-106
Vocabulary,
107-138
PART
I.
REGULAR VERBS
1.
ACTIVE VOICE,
(a
Verbs).
First Conjugation
Vocabulary,
PRESENT
NDICATIVE.
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT ACTIVE.
cantav-i
SUPINE.
ENGLISH,
sing
Cant-0
canta-re
cantat-um
Laud-0
Port-o
lauda-re
porta-re
laudav-i
portav-i
laudat-um
portat-um
praise
carry
Jight
Pugn-o
pugna-r
pugnav-i
pugnat-um
lES ENT
1.
STEM TENSES. Canta-nt
PEIIFECT STEM TENSES.

7.
ALL TENSES.
13. Lauda-bit
14.
15.
Laudav-it
2,
Lauda-bat
Porta-t
8.
9.
Pugnav-erant
Cantav-erunt
Pugnav-eras
Porta-tis
3.
4.
5.
Pugna-mus
Canta-bunt
Lauda-batis
10. Portav-erit
16. Canta-s
11.
Laudav-imus
17. Pugnav-erint
18.
6.
12. Cantav-erat
Lauda-bant
Detached Sentences.
[PT.
I.
ACTIVE VOICE
(continued).
Second Conjugation (E Verbs).

Vocabulary,
PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT ACTIVE.
d5cii-i
SUPINE.
ENGLISH.
teach
D6ce-o
Tgng-o
TerrS-o
d5ce-rS
tSne-rg
terre-re
doct-um
ten-turn
tgnu-i
terrii-i
hold
frighten
territ-um
Time-o
time-re
timil-i
fear
PRESENT STEM TENSES.

1.
PERFECT STEM TENSES.

7.
ALL TENSES.
13.
D5ce-s
Docii-erunt
Terrii-grat
D5ce-bant
2.
Tene-bat
Terre-bunt
8.
6.
14, Terrii-erant
15. Time-bis 16. Doce-tis
17.
3. 4.
Timu-it
Time-miis
10. Tenu-erint 11: iD^cii-eras 12. tei:rii-isti
5.
6.
DoV.ent
T?irie-bit.
Timu-eratis
18. Terre-bit
Third Conjugation Consonant Verbs.

Vocabulary,
PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT ACTIVE.
dix-i
SUPINE.
DiC-0
dic-ere
dict-um
Duc-0 Frang-o
Mitt-o
duc-ere
frang-ere
mitt-ere
dux-i
freg-i
duct-um
fract-um
lead
break
send

1.
Die-it
PERFECT STEM TENSES. 7. Dux-isti

8.
9.
13.
14. 15.
16.
ALL TENSES. Mitt-emiis
2.
3.
Duc-ebat
Frang-ent
Mitt-ebat
Frang-imiis
Mis-erant
Frang-unt
Dix-erint
Duc-itis
Freg-erunt
Dix-er^t
4.
5. 6.
10. Mis-eris
11.
17. Frang-etis 18.
Duc-gt
12.
Dux-it
Dix-istis
PT.
I.]
Detached Sentences.
ACTIVE VOICE
{continued).
Fourtli Coiijugation (I Verbs).

Vocabulary.
PRESENT
INDICATIVE. INFINITIVE, PBRFEC5T ACTIVE.
SUPINE.
ENGLISH.
instruct
Ertidi-o
eriidi-re
eriidiv-i
eriidit-um
Impedi-o
impedi-r5
mtlni-rS
ptini-rS
impediv-i
impedit-um
hinder
fortify
Muni-o Puni-o
muniv-i
ptiniv-i
munit-um
punit-um
punish
PRESENT STEM TENSES,

1.
2.
PERFECT STEM TENSES.

Eriidi-vit
ALL TENSES.
13. Impedi-es
14. Mtini-ebant 15. 16.
Impedi-unt
Muni-mus
Puni-et
Eriidi-ebat
9.
Muniv-^rant
Ptiniv-erunt
10. Impediv-erit
3.
Puni-ent
4.
5.
Muniv-erat
Puni-s
Mtini-t
Ptini emiis
11. Puniv-erat
12. Erudiv-imiis
17. Impedi-tis
18.
6.
All Four Conjugations
Active
Voice.
Vocabulary.
PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
INFINITIVE.
PERFECT ACTIVE.
v6cav-i
vid-i
scrips-i
SUPINE.
ENGLISH.
call
Voc-0
Vide-0
Scrib-0
v6ca-re
vide-re
scrib-Sre
vocat-um
vis-um
script-um
see
write
V^ni-o
Vide-b^t
veni-re
7.
ven-i
vent-um
13. 14.
come
Vid-erunt
Scrips -er am
Scrib-et
Puni-mus
Frang-ent
Scrib-ebant
Veni-ent.
8.
9.
15. Time-bit
16. Scrib-unt
Mis-er^t
10. Vide-s
11. Time-tis
Voca-bunt Veni-unt
17. Voca-tis
18.
12.
Lauda-nt
Ven-istis
Detached Sentences.
[PT.
I.
2.
PASSIVE VOICE,
(A Verbs).
AT.T.
First Conjugation
,ES]
ENT STEM TENSES.

Voca-tiir
SUPINE STEM TENSES.

7.
8. 9.
TENSES.
1.
Laudat-iis est
13.
14.
Lauda-bimini
Voca-ris
V6cat-iis erat
2.
3. 4.
Lauda-ntiir
Porta-bitur
Vocat-i erant
Portat-iis erit
15. 16.
Lauda-baris
Voca-buntiir
10.
Amat-i
estis
Porta-beris
5.
6.
11. V6cat-a est

12. Portat-i sunt
17.
Lauda-bor
Ama-bantiir
Voca-mini
18.
Second Conjugation (E Verbs).

Present stem tenses.
1.
SUPINE STEM tenses.

7.
Doce-miir
Tene-batiir
Vis-i sumiis
13.
ALL TENSES. Vide-bamiir
2.
3.
8.
9.
Doct-us es
Territ-i erant
14. Doct-i estis
Time-buntiir
Time-ntiir
15. Vide-bitiir
16.
17.
18.
4.
5.
6.
10. Vis-i erint
D5ce-bantur
Doce-baris
Terre-tur
11. Doct-a est

12.
Terre-bimmi
Time-Tnini
Territ-i sunt
Third Conjugation (Consonant Verbs).

1.
SUPINE STEM TENSES.

7. 8.
9.
ALL TENSES.
13. Mitt-etiir
14.
Dic-itiir
Miss-i
sumus
2.
3.
Duc-etiir
Duct-i sunt
Fract-us erat
Frang-ebatiir
Frang-untur
Dtic-imur
Frang-entiir
15. Mitt-eris
16. Duct-tis eris
4.
10. Miss-iis ero 11.
5.
6.
Script-i erant
17. Dic-ebantur
18.
Duc-imini
12. Duct- us es
Dic-etur
FT.
I.]
Detached Sentences.
PASSIVE VOICE
{continued).
Fourth Conjugation.
1.
SUPINE STEM TENSES.

7. 8.
9.
ALL TENSES.
13. Puni-etiir
Impedi-tiir
Punit-i sunt
2. 3.
Puni-emur
Erudi-miir
Puni-untiir
Impedi-ebatiir
Ertidi-entur
Impedit-us erat
Eriidit-i erant
14.
15.
Eriidi-ris
Impedi-ebar
4.
10. Punit-iis eris 11. Eriidit-aest

12. Impedit-i surnus
16. Ptini-mini
5.
6.
17. Erudi-5r 18. Puni-entftr
All Four Conjugations.

1.
Porta-bitiir
7.
Duc-etiir
13.
Tene-batur
2.
Doce-baris
Puni-tiis ero
8.
9.
Time-tiir
14. Duc-eris
3.
Laudat-i sunt
Doct-iis
15. Duc-Sris
16.
4.
5. 6.
Yisi erunt
10.
eram
Lauda-mur
Vide-bantur
Voca-ris
11. Frang-untiir 12.
17. Vocat-iis es
Eriidi-entiir
18. Fract-i erant
ACTIVE
AND
PASSIVE.
All Four Conjugations.

1.
Tene-bat
Voca-buntiir
7.
8.
Lauda-ntiir
Miss-i siimiis
Scrib-es
13.
Puni-mur
Laudav-eras
2.
3.
14.
Muni-t
Canta-nt
Puniv-erat
D5ce-batis
9.
15. Mitt-eris 16.
4.
10.
Vid-it
Frang-ent
Lauda-miir
5. 6.
11. Doce-tiir
17. Scrib-imus
12.
Pugna-bant
18.
Detached Sentences.
[PT.
3.
Subject (expressed) and Verb.

of First Declension.
{See Note 1.)
A,
Nouns
Lat
Prim., 18, 88.
Like Mens-a.
Epistol-a, ae,
f., letter,
Puell-^, -ae,
f.,
f.,
girl,
Hast-a,
-ae,
f.,
f.,
spear,
gate.
Eegin-a,
-ae,
f.,
queen,
Port-a, -ae,
Silv-a, -ae,
wood.
[Verbs introduced for the

will be
1.
2.
first time in this and the following ExerciseG, found in the Vocabulary at the end of the book.]
Epistol-a mitt-etur.
9.
Puell-a doce-tur.
Hast-ae tene-ntur.
Regin-a ven-erat.
Puell-ae canta-bant.
10. Port-ae frang-entur.

11.
3.
Impedi-ebant.
4.
5.
12.
13.
Regin-a
scrips-erat.
Eegin-ae timii-erunt.
Silv-a vide-bitur.
Puell-ae veni-ebant.
6.
7.
8.
14. Epistol-ae mitt-entur.

15.
Non
terre-buntur.
Non
laudat-i sunt.
Silv-ae impMi-unt.
16.
Hasta frang-etur.
B.
Nouns
of
Second Declension.
Like Magister.
Lat. Prim., 19.
Like Domin-us.
Serv-iis,
-i,
Like Bell-um.
m., slave,
Lib^r,
libri,
m., hook
Don-um,
Tel-um,
-i,
-i,
n., gift.
n., dart.
Amic-iis,
1.
i,
m., friend,
9.
Serv-i veni-ebant.
Don-a mitt-ebantur.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
Libri scripti sunt.
10. Port-ae impediv-erant. 11. Serv-i miss-i ^rant.
Don-um
mitt-etur.
Puell-ae voca-bunt.
12. Amic-iis laudat-iis est.

13.
Magister doce-bat.
Tel-a frang-untur.
Serv-us non cant^-t.
14.
Non
eriidi-untur.
Amic-i laud-ant. PuSr non time-t.
15. Puell-a duc-ebat.

16.
PuSr-i territ-i sunt.
PT. I.]
Detached Sentences.
4.
Transitive Verb and Object.
{See Notes 2
and
3.)
A.
Lat, Prim., 96.
[Nouns of the First and Second Declension, introduced for the first time in this and the following Exercises, will be found only in the Vocabulary at the end of the book.]
1.
Puer-um
laudav-i.
11. Puell-as
d5ce-mus.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Amic-i mane-bunt.
Serv-os v6cav-it.
12. Port-ae frang-untur.
13. Impedi-ebantur
14.
Epistol-am scrib-ebamus.
Hast-as tenu-erant.
Port-ae claud-untur.
Regin-am
vid-erant.
15. Hast-as freg-eratis. 16.

17.
Port-am claud-emus.
7.
Puell-am duc-ebat.
8.
9.
Don-um Don-um
mis-imus.*
mitt-itur.*
timu-i.
18.
19.
Amicos vinc-et. Serv-um puni-am.

Tel-a mitt-imus.^
10.
Eegin-am
20. Tel-a mitt-entur
1.
Serv-i capt-i sunt.
11. Castr-a
muni-mus.*
2.
3.
Nunti-os mis-imus.
12.
13.
Castr-a muni-untur.*
Oppid-um muni-etur.
Verb-a laud-antur.* Verb-a lauda-tis.*
Port-a claud-etur.
Bell-um ger-ebatur.*
4.
5.
6. 7. 8.
9.
Bell-um ger-ebant."^ 15. Oppid-a vid-imus.

14.
16.
17.
Fili-um docii-erat.
L6c-um deleg-it. Arm-a rapu-erunt.

Regin-am vic-imus.
Mur-os non
vidi.
18. Serv-os lauda-bam.

19.
Nunti-i curr-ebant.
10.
Verb-um
dixisti.
20. Silv-ae monstra-buntur.
See note
3.
Detached Sentences.
[pt.
i.
5.
Subject, Verb, Objectc
Nouns
Eex,
of
Third Declension.
Lat
Prim., 21, 22.
reg-is, m.. Icing.
Av-is,
-is, f.,
Urd.
n.,
Vox,
voc-is,
f.,
voice.
Onus, oner-is,
burden.
Miles, milit-is, m., soldier.

Host-is,
Civ-is,
-IS,
Flumen,
flumin-is, n., river.
c, enemy,
citizen.
/
,
Opiis, 6per-is, n., work,
-is,
c,
1.
Magister puSros d5ce-t.
2. 3.
4.
Amici
epistolas mittient.
Rex
milit-es laudav-it.*
mis-erant*.
Hostes sagittas
5.
6.
Servi oner^|,,portarbani
Eegina bellum
time-bat."^
7.
8. 9.
Oppid-um non
Nuntii
mtini-etur.
donum
porta-nt.
Voc-em non audiv-imus.
10. Gives
11.
oppidum muni-unt.*
av-em
tenu-it.
>>
Pueri magistros time-bant.
12. Piiella
13.
14..
Eeg-es non
victi erant>^
Amici flumen monstra-bunt

Civ-es
\/15.
17.
18.
nuntium mis-erant.
puniv-erat.
i6. Fluminâjiost-es impedi-untj*
Judex servos
Pueri voc-em audiv-erunt.
19. Civ-es
20.
reg-em non time-nt.
Nuntii miss-i erunt.

^ See note
3.
PT. I.]
Detached Sentences.
6.
Subject, Verb, Object.
[Nouns of the Third Declension, introduced for the first time in this and the following Exercises, will be found in the Vocabulary at the end
of the book. ]
1.
2.
Hostes bellum ger-ebant.*

Centiirio occis-us erat.
3.
Dux
equites mis-erit.
4.
Gives pacem pet-ebant.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Legiones conscrib-ebantur.
Hostes urbem oppugna-bunt.

Caesar locum
deleg-it.
HSmines mortem
Virgo
time-nt.
9.
flores carp-ebat.
10.
11.
Imperator signum
ded-it.
Eegin^ navem
mis-erit.
12. Milites castra mtini-ent.*
13.
Eomulus
Eomam
cond-idit.
14. Servi portas claus-erant.
15.
Muros
aedifica-bimus.
16. Milites
navem
conscend-unt.
p6su-it.
17.
18.
Imperator castra
Mater periculum time-bat.
19. Centiirio interfect-us erat. 20. Cives
arma tradid-erunt.*
* See note
3.
10
Detached Sentences.
[pt.
i.
7.
Adjectives of First and Second Declension.
{See Note 6.)
Lat
lAlce
Prim., 32.
Bonus.
Like Niger.
great,
Magn-iis^
-a,
-a,
-um,
Pul-cher,
tiful.
-chrS.,
-chrum, heavr
Mult-us,
-um, many.
thy, your.
his, her, its,
Me-iis, -a, -um, my,

Tu-iis, -a,
Nos-ter, -tra, -trum, our,

Ves-t^r, -tra, -trum, your.
Like Tener.
-um,
Su-us, -a, -um,

their,
Mis-^r, -era, erum, wretched.
1.
Amicus tuus
veni-et.
2.
3.
Servi miseri puni-untur.
Oppidum magnum oppugna-batur.

Filium
Milites
4.
meum
arma
laudav-isti.
6.
rapii-erunt.
6. 7.
8.
Nuntios multos mis-erant. Puellam pulchram dtic-ebat.

Portae nostrae claud-untur.
Milites multi occis-i sunt.
9.
10. 11. 12.

13.
Urbs magna
capi-etur.
Imperator copias edux-it.
Eex
noster laudat-us erat.

fract-ae sunt.
Naves multae
14. 15. 16.
Dona magna miss-a erant. Flumen magnum time-mus.

Opera
tuS,
laudata sunt.
17. Filios suos culpa-bat.

18. 19.
Vocem pulchram audiv-imus.

Castra nostra munit-a sunt.
20. Gives patriam defend-unt.
PT. I.]
Detached Sentences.
11
8.
Adjectives of Third Declension.
Lat Prim.,
Like Trist-is.
Dulc-is, Brev-is,
-e,
-e, -e, -e,
33.
Like Felix.
sweet
short
heavy.
Vel-ox,
-ocis, swift,
Aud-ax,
-acis, hold,
Grav-is,
Fort-is,
hram.
Like iDgens.
Omn-is,
1.
-e, all,
Sapi-ens, -entis, wise.

mis-i.
Nuntios veloces
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
Has tarn brevem tene-bam.
Dux
milites fortes laudav-it.
Servi onera gravia porta- bant.
MarS magnum non time-mus.

Naves omnes amiss-ae
sunt.
7.
Reges sapientes bella non ger-unt.

Voces dulces audit-ae sunt.
Gives arma su^ trad-ent.
8.
9.
10.
Dux
noster vulnera gravia accep-it.

scrips-erat.
erit.
11.
12.
Puer Spistolam brevem
Carmen dulce audit-um

non
13. Periciilum ingens

1 4.
vita-bis.
Servi audaces portam f reg-erunt.
15. 16. 17.
Gaesar copias omnes edux-it.

Gives omnes verba tua lauda-nt.
Omnes
^mici nostri mane-bunt.
18. Milites fortes hastas

19. Puellae
non time nt
carmen dulce canta-bant.

erit.
20.
Urbs
tota incens-S
12
Detached Sentences,
[pt.
9.
Nouns of Fourth and Fifth Declension.

iMt Prim.,
23, 24.
Fourtli Declension.
Fifth Declension.
Exercit-tis, -us, m., army.
Res,
rei,
f.,
thing, matter,
f.,
Impet-us,
-us,
m., attack, charge.
Spes, spei,
Aci-es,
hope,
line of battle,
Man-US,
-us,
f.,
hand.
milites
Si, .,
1. 2.
Omnes
impetum
fec-erunt.
Dux
noster aciem instrux-erat.
3. 4.
5.
6.
Pueri manus suas tend-ebant.

Legati rem
omnem
nuntiav-erunt.
7.
8.
urbem suam defend-unt. Hostes impetum nostrum non sustine-bant. Exercittis magni coact-i sunt.
Gives nostri
Montes
alti
exercitus impedi-ebant.
9.
10.
Amicus tuus opus magnum confec-it. Milites nostri spem omnem deposu-erant.
Multi homines mare time-nt.
Vir sapiens
11. 12.
13. Popiilus
regnum obtine-bat. Romanus omnes hostes

non
vict-i sunt.
vic-it.
14. Exercitus vestri

15.
Caesar legiones multas conscripsit.
16. Milites virttitem
magnam
praebe-bant.
17. Gives nostri leges

18. 19.
bonas lauda-bunt.
Garmina dulcia audiv-imus. Hercules magnum leonem occid-it.

Pater filium
20.
suum
culpa-bit.
PT.
I.]
Detached Sentences.
13
10. Genitive.
(N-sU
9, a.)
1.
Portae urbis claud-ebantur,
2.
3.
Filium reginae vid-imus.
Vox
imperatoris audit-a erat.
4.
5.
Denies leonum time-mus.

Libros multos scrips-erat.
6.
Amicus
consiilis veni-et.
est.
7. 8.
Militum virtus laudat-a
Causam
belli
monstra-bo.
audiv-isti.
9.
Verba amici
10.
Timor
milites impedi-et.
11.
12.
Magnus numSrus
Filii regis
occis-us erat.
non
veni-ent.
13.
Opus servorum laudav-imus.

Naves hostium
fract-ae sunt.
14.
15. Milites multi miss-i erunt. 16.

17.
Iram imperatoris
timu-i.
Copias omnes praemis-it.
18.
19.
Gallorum castra oppugna-bant.
Impetum hostium non sustinu-erunt
20.
Domus
consiilis
arde-bat
14
Detached Sentences.
[pt.
11.
The Verb Sum.
{See Note
L)
Lat Prim.,
94.
1.
SilvS. Srat
densa.
2. 3.
4.
Epist51ae longae sunt.
Nomen tuum magnum
erit.
Hostes nostri audaces fu-erunt.

Caesar castra su^ pos-uit.
5.
6.
7.
Oppida Gallorum incend-ebantur
Dux
hostium signum ded-erat.

:
8.
9.
Servi fuimus
liberi
sumus.
Verba amici
Agios
tui lauda-ntur.
10.
latos vasta-bant.
11.
Pauper erat: nunc dives
est.
12.
13.
Voces virginum dulces erant.
Praemium magnum
da-bitur.
est.
14. Virtus 15.
militum magna
Muri Babylonis
alti sunt.
16. Portas templi

17.
non claud-emus.
Gallorum impetum sustine-bant.
18.
Urbs
regis nostri magnS. est.
19.
Hastae militum longae erant.
20. Sacerdos
taurum ingentem macta-t,
PT.
I.]
Detached Sentences.
15
12. Apposition.
{See Note 7.)
Lat Prim,,
Caesar,
90.
1. 2. 3.
dux
noster, belûm gess-Srat.

vid-i.
Lentulum, amicum tuum, non
Tempestas magna naves
afflicta-bat.
4.
5.
6.
Hostes hastas et sagittas mitt-ebant.
Eomam, urbem
Omnes
nostram, def end-emus.
vici et aedificia incend-ebantur.
7.
8.
Miilieres et pueri
non
traditi sunt.
Arma
Verb^
capi-ent et
urbem def end-ent.
9.
sapientis judicis lauda-buntur.
10.
Omnes
portae oppidi clausae Srant.
11. Currtis
barbarorum milites terre-bant.

patriam nostram, ama-mus.
et
12. Italiam,
13.
Moenia
arcem Carthagmis
Martis
filius,
vide-tis.
14. Eomiilus, 15. 16.

1 7.
Romam
condid-it.
Multae navium nostrarum amiss-ae sunt.
Tum
locum idoneum
deleg-it.
Silvae et fltimina hostes impedi-ent.
18.
19.
Omnes
cives Ciceronis orationes lauda-nt.

diicis nostri,
Exercitus Caesaris,
magni
est..
sunt.
20.
Vox
Lesbiae, sSroris tuae, dulcis
16
Detached Sentences.
[pt.
13.
Adjectives used Substantively.
{See Note 6, Ohs,)
1.
Turn nostri
magnum niimSrum
occid-erunt.
2.
3. 4.
Epist51ae tuae multos erildi-ent.
Omnium Gallorum
Septima
legio at
fortissimi sunt Belgae.
Hostes impetum nostrorum diu exspecta-bant.
5.
6.
7.
omnis equitatus contend-ent.
Verba
Caii, fratris tui, sapientissima sunt,
Militum diligentiam
et virtutem vid-istis.
8.
9.
Omnes
fugi-ebant
multi autem capt-i sunt.
Dux
noster, vir f ortissimus, vulnerat-us est.
10.
Vitam amici
nostri
semper def end-emus.
11.
12.
13.
Multi barbarorum terga vert-erunt.
Omnes vocem
imperatoris audiv-Srant.
Pltirimi hostium nostrorum vulnerat-i erant,
14.
Magni pondSris saxS
coll6cat-a sunt.
fuit.
15.
16.
Omnium
Murus
civium Lentiilus audacissimus
Fortes et sapientes semper lauda-buntur.

et porta oppidi vestri sunt alti.
scrips-it^
17.
18.
Homerus, maximus poetarum, multa
19.
Omnes arm^
rapu-erant et castra oppugna-bant,

vid-imus.
20.
Equitum magnam multittidinem
FT.
I.]
Detached Sentences.
17
14.
Pronouns.
Prim., 38.
Is, ea, id, tliat^ he, she,
it.
1J
Lat
Ego, Tu,
Se,
7.
Nos, we.
Vos, you.
herself,
itself,
thou.
Hie, haec, hoc,

lUe,
this,
himself,
ilia, illiid, that,
themselves.
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum,
self.
Idem, eadem, idem, same.

1.
Vos mortem
time-tis
nos patriam def end-emus.
2.
3. 4. 5.
6.
Vos verba
judicis sapientis audiv-istis.
Nos omnes hoc donum

Hie eulpa-tur
:
libenter accep-imus.
lauda-tur.
es.
ille
tamen
Horum omnium
tu audacissimus
lUi legatos mis-erunt et
paeem
pet-ebant.
7.
8.
Hi omnes eadem verba die-ebant. Has literas Caesar, dux noster, ipse
serips-it.
9.
Eam
partem oppidi nondum mtiniv-erant.

obtine-bat.
:
10.
11
Hujus p^ter regnum turn

Multi eorum
tergS,
vert-erunt
pauei eap-ti sunt.
12.
Exploratores nostri haee omnia nuntiav-erunt.
13.
14.
Ejus regionis ineolae fortiter se defend-unt.
Hae
res
magnam
difiieultatem praebe-bant,
15. Is dies
jam
appetiv-it et
omnia parat-a
intellex-it.
sunt.
16. Ille consilium
eorum statim
:
17.
18.
19.
20.
Hi castra mtini-ebant illi portas custodi-ebant. Nos ipsi hunc imprSbissimum puni-emus. Ille omnem spem sSIutis jam depos-uerat. Nos omnes eandem patriam habe-mus.
18
Detaclied Sentences.
[pt.
i.
15.
Ablative and Prepositions.
{See Note 11, a.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Urbs Roma a Eomiilo condit^
est. est.
Ipse imperator gladio vulneratus
Omnes hos
libros
manu mea
scripsi.
Troja, urbs antiqua, a Graecis obsidebatur.
5.
6.
Castra
Romanorum
vallo et fossa
munita sunt.
est.
Templum Dianae
Ipse Ariovistus
igne
absumptum
7.
cum omnibus
copiis contendet.
8. 9.
Omnes naves
MiiliSres
nostrae fluctibus fractae ^rant.

filiis
cum
ab hostibus captae sunt.
10.
Haec omniS, ab exploratoribus demonstrantur.
11.
12.
Multi
cum
liberis suis
ex urbe
fiigiebant.
Puellarum capita floribus recentibus ornata sunt.

Caesar
13. 14.
cum
tribus legionibus in Italiam conteudebat
Verba
sapientis ab
omnibus laudabuntur.
per Italiam iter
facit.
15. Ille
cum
S,micis suis
16. Lcgati
17.
ab hostibus ad Caesarem missi sunt.
Maximum
bellum nuper in Asia confectum

;
est.
18.
19.
Pauci in urbe manent
pltirimi in agros se recipiunt.

:
Haec magna voce

Multa de hoc a
dixit
turn se ex nave projecit.
20.
poetis narrantur.
PT.
i.j
Detached Sentences,
19
16.
Time.
{See Note 11,
e.)
1.
Propter tantum scelus in vinciila conjectus
est.
2.
In hoc 15co multos dies manebant.
3.
Proximo anno cum exercitu
in
Asiam
contendit.
L Eadem
5.
6.
nocte multi ex oppido effugerunt.
Propter banc causam Caesar castra moverat.
Ex omnibus
partibus tela in nostros conjiciebantur.
7. 8.
9.
Interim barbari nuntios in omnes partes dimiserunt.
Post paucos dies ad banc urbem pervenerunt.
Nos per
fines
eorum
iter faciemus.
10. Ipse
imp^rator inter milites suos pugnabat.
11.
12.
Non
sine
magno
periculo haec facta sunt.

est.
13.
14.
Magna multitudo armorum de muro jact^ De his rebus nihil adhuc audiveramus.
Eodem tempore
Hi omnes
legati
ab Aeduis missi sunt.
15. Portae urbis a civibus ante

16.
17.
noctem clausae
eiant.
trans
Ehenum
incolebant.
Ob
eas causas in fines
Sequanorum
copias duxit.
18. Ille propter

19.
virtutem ab omnibus laudabitur.

iis
Haec omnia ab
diligenter facta erant.
20.
Multos annos cum hoc viro in Graecia habitabant
20
Detached Sentences.
[pt.
i.
17. Dative.
{See Note 10.)
Lat
Prim., 104.
1.
Haec praemia propter
virtu tern puero data sunt.
2. 3.
4.
Omnes
libri tui
nobis utilissimi fuerunt
Vobis, amici mei,
rem totam exponam.
Helvetii reliquos Gallos virttite praecedunt.
5. 6.
Domus mea templo Dianae ^roxima

Propter banc causam maxima laus
est.
Lentiilus, amicus tuus, nobis carissimus est.

tibi debetur.
7. 8.
9.
Tum
cives
omnes imperatori arma
tradiderunt.
lUi repentina re
maxime perturbabantur.
10.
Omnes
Britanni vitro se inficiebant.

scientiam rei militaris habebat.
11. lUe
summam
12. Postridie nuntios in 13.
omnes partes
dimisit.
Dux
noster libertatem omnibus captivis dedit.
14. Illo
tempore Laomedon regnum Trojae obtinebat.

nostris castris aberat
15.
16.
17.
Oppidum eorum non procW a
His rebus nos maxime perterriti sumus.
Non
sine
magno
periciilo
opus confecimus.
diffiicultatis.
18.
Haec tamen
res erat
summae
19. BarbSri tela saxa-que in nostros conjiciebant.
20.
Magnam partem
diei frustra consumpsit.
PT.
I.]
Detached Sentences.
21
18.
Deponent Verbs.
Lat Prim.,
40.
1.
In ea regione paucos dies m5rati sumus.
2.
3.
De
his rebus legati
multa
locuti sunt.
est.
Pauca
Ille
millia
passuum ex eo loco progressus
4. 5.
6.
nattiram loci omnino ignorabat.
Ob banc causam
Caesar in fines eorum profectus

literas tuas accepi.
est.
Magno cum gaudio

Hoc opus omnium
7.
8.
difFicillimum Srat.
Milites e navibus in terram egressi sunt
9.
Post brSve tempus magna tempestas co-orta
est.
10.
Multi eorum ad silvas se rgceperant.
11.
12.
1 3.
Hoc flumen
Ille
nullo ponte junctum erat.
pro hoc beneficio mercedem postulabat.

procul ex eo loco castra
su3, posuit.
Non
14.
15.
16.
1 7.
Magnus timor ^nimos nostrorum
occupavit.
erit.
Totum bellum
sinS
uUa m6ra confectum

irati
Ob
has res nos magnopere
sumus.
Tandem cum
Omnes
reliquis copiis proficiscitur.
18. 19.
Contra opinionem omnium ad mare pervenit.

cives
audaciam ejus hominis admirantur.

est.
20.
Post tres dies tempestatem idoneam nactus
22
Detached Sentences.
[pt.
19.
Prolative Infinitive.
Lat. Prim., 140, 144.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
De
his causis Caesar castra
movere
constituit.
Frumentum ex
agris in oppida comportare coeperunt.

fuisse dicitur.
V^nus omnium dearum pulchemma
Vocem tuam
Nihil
audire magnopere ciipiebamus.

infelicius
unquam
mihi
accidit.
6.
7.
Omnes
boni pro patria pugnare parati sunt.
Cum
reliquis ISgionibus pr6ficisci maturavit.

forttinis
8.
9.
Multi de suis
desperare coeperunt.
Barbari proelium committere non audebant.
10. lUe
11. Ipse
famam de
Eomulus
his rebus
nondum
acceperat.
Komam
condidisse traditur.
12. Nostri se
ex timore jam receperant.
13.
Dolor em gravem per omnia
membr^
sensimus.
14. Hercules
hominum
validissimus fuisse dicitur.
15.
16.
lUe
magna
celeritate
totum opus confecit
Multi ex
^lia parte oppidi se ejecerunt.

est.
17.
Id oppidum Caesar oppugnare conatus
18.
19.
A deo
jussus est filiam
suam monstro
facSre.
tradere.
Constituit
omnia imp^rata ejus
20.
Haec omnia ex
captivis cognovit.
PT.
l]
Detached Sentences,
23
20.
Irregular Verbs,
Lat. Prim., 79, 80.
1.
Nostri impetum eorum sustinere non potSrant

Ille
2.
3.
tamen tantum negotium suscipere

igitur ad
nolebat.
Omnes
Prima
urbem statim
se contiilerunt.
4.
Eeliquae naves cursum tenere non potuerunt.

luce ancoras sustulit et
5.
6.
navem
solvit.
Multi civium ad templa deorum ibant.
7.
Propter has causas ad castra redire noluit.

Hostes impetum ^quitum nostrorum non
tiilerunt.
est.
8.
9.
De
his rebus
ab exploratoribus certior factus
10.
Interim barbari nuntios in omnes partes dimiserunt.
11.
Tempore opportunissimo Caesar auxilium nobis

ad occasum
solis frustra
tiilit.
12. lUi
1 3.
exspectabant.
ei retiili.
Propter hoc beneficium gratias
14. 15.
Pauca
millia
passuum per silvam progressi

ira graviter
erant.
Ob banc causam De
his rebus
commotus
est.
16.
17.
18.
magna
controversi^ orta
est.
Nos tantam occasionem omittere nolebamus.

Post breve tempus ad urbem regis
rSdiit.
19.
His de causis Caesar
Rhenum
transire constituit.
est.
20.
Urbs Troja a Graecis decern annos obsessa
PART
II.
CONSECUTIVE STORIES.
PERSEUS.
AcrisiuSf
an ancient king of
would perish by
that his
Argos,,
the
had been warned by an

his grandson.
oracle that he
hand of
On
discovering, therefore,
to
daughter Ddnde had given birth

his fate by casting both
son, Acrisius endeavoured to escape

sea.
mother and child adrift on the
They were saved, however,
by the help of Jupiter; and Perseus, the child, grew up at the

cou/rt
of Polydectes, king of Seriphos,
an island in
the
Aegean
Sea.
On
reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to
fetch the head of
Medusa, one of
the
Gorgons,
This dangerous
task he accomplished with the help of Apollo
and Minerva, and
on his way home he rescued
AndrdmMa
(daughter of Cepheus)
from a
sea monster.
Perseus then married
AndrdmMa, and
length,
lived
some time in the country of Cepheus.
At
however, he
returned to Seriphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing
him
the
Gorgon's head ; he then went
to
the court of Acrisius,
who
fled in terror at the news of his
grandsons return.
The
oracle
was duly
fulfilled,
for Acrisius was accidentally killed by
quoit thrown by Perseus,

24
FT.
II.]
Perseus.
25
21.
THE ARK,
Haec narrantur a poetis ila Perseo. Perseus filius erat maximi deorum avus ejus Acrisius appellatus est. Acrisius volebatPerseumnepotejasuum necare^; nam propter oraculum pu^rum timebat. Comprehendit igitur Perseum,
J6vis,
:
adhuc infantem, et cum matre in area lignea inclusit. Tum arcam ipsam in mare conjecit. Danae, Persei mater, magnopere territa est tempestas enim magna mare turbabat. Perseus autem in sinu matris dormiebat.
:
22.
CAST ON AN ISLAND.
suum
servare
Jupiter tamen haec omnia vidit, et filium

constituit.
mare tranquillum, et arcam ad insiilam Seriphum perduxit. Hujus insiilae Polydectes tum rex erat. Postquam area ad litus appulsa est, Danae in arena quietem capiebat. Post breve tempus a piscatore quodam reperta est, et ad domum regis Polydectis adducta est. lUe matrem et puerum benigne excepit, et sedem tutam in finibus suis dedit. At Danae hoc donum libenter accepit,
Fecit igitur
et pro tanto beneficio regi gratias egit.
23.
PERSEUS SENT ON HIS TRA VELS,

ibi habitabat, et cum matre At Polydectes Danaen magnopere matrimonium ducere volebat. Hoc
Perseus igitur multos annos

sua vitam agebat beatam.
amabat, atque
eam
in
tamen consih'um Perseo minime gratum erat. Polydectes igitur Perseum dimittere constituit. Tum juvenem ad se vocavit et haec dixit *' Turpe est vitam banc ignavam agere ; jamdudum tu adolescens es quousque hie manebis' ? Tempus est arma capere et virtutem praestare. Hinc abi, et caput Medusae mihi refer."
:
26
Consecutive Stories.
[pt.
ii.
24.
PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT,
Perseus, ubi haec audivit, ex insula discessit, et postquam ad continentem venit, Medusam quaesivit. Diu frustra quaerebat ; namque naturam loci ignorabat. Tandem Apollo et Minerva viam demonstraverunt. Primum ad Graias, sorores Medusae, pervenit. Ab his talaria et galeam magicam accepit. Apollo autem et Minerva falcem et speculum de-
Tum postquam talaria pedibus induit, in aera asDiu per aera volabat tandem tamen ad eum locum venit, ubi Medusa cum ceteris Gorgonibus habitabat Gorgones autem monstra erant specie horribili capita enim eariim squamis omnino contecta sunt manus etiam ex aere factae
derunt.
cendit.
: :
sunt.
25.
THE GORGON'S HEAD,

:
ejus Ees erat difficillima abscidere caput Gorgonis enim conspectu homines in saxum vertebantur. Propter banc causam Minerva speculum ei dederat. Perseus igitur tergum hoc modo ad locum venit, vertit, et in speculum inspiciebat Tum falce sua caput ejus uno ictu ubi Medusa dormiebat. abscidit. Ceterae Gorgones statim e somno excitatae sunt, Arma rapuerunt, et et, ubi rem viderunt, ira commotae sunt. Perseum occidere volebant ; ille autem, dum fugit, galeam magicam induit, et, ubi hoc fecit, statim e conspectu earum
:
evasit.
PT.
II.]
Perseus.
27
26.
THE SEA SERPENT,

:
Post haec Perseus in fines Aethiopum venit ibi Cepheus Hie Nepttinum, maris deum, illo tempore regnabat. olim offenderat: Neptunus autem monstrum saevissimum miserat. Hoc quotidie e mari veniebat, et homines devorabat.
quidam
igitur oraciilum dei

est filiam
Ob banc causam pavor animos omnium occupaverat. Cepheus Ammonis consuluit, atque a deo jussus
monstro tradere. (Ejus autem filia, nomine Andromeda, virgo formosissima erat.) Cepheus, ubi haec audivit, magnum dolorem percepit. Volebat tamen cives suos e tanto atque ob eam causam constituit imperata periculo extrahere
:
Ammonis
facere.
7n.
HUMAN SACRIFICE.
dies venit,
Turn rex diem certam dixit, et omnia paravit. Ubi ea Andromeda ad litus deducta est, et in conspectu omnium ad rupem alligata (est). Omnes fatum ejus deplo-
rabant, nee lacrimas tenebant.
At
subito,
dum monstrum
demonEjus
exspectant, Perseus accurritj

doloris quaerit.
strant.
Illi
et,
ubi lacrimas vidit, causam
rem totam
exponiint, et puellam
Dum
haec geruntur, fremitus terribilis auditur
simul monstrum, horribili specie, procul consplcitur.

conspectus timorem
maximum omnibus injecit. At monstrum

litus contendit,
magna
celeritate
ad
jam-que ad locum appro-
pinquabat, ubi puella stabat.
28
[pt. ii
28.
THE RESCUE.
vidit,
At Perseus, ubi haec quam talaria induit, in

graviter vulneravit.
aera sublatus
:
gladium suum rapiiit et, postTurn desuper in est.

:
monstrum impStum subito fecit et gladio suo collum ejus Monstrum, ubi sensit vulnus, fremitum horribilem edidit, et sine mora totum corpus sub aquam
mersit.
Perseus,
:
dum
circum
litus
volat,
reditum ejus ex;
mare autem interna undique sanguine inficitur. Post breve temp us, bellua rursus caput sustulit mox tamen Turn iterum se sub a Perseo ictu graviore vulnerata est. undas mersit, neque postea visa est.
spectabat
29.
THE REWARD OF VALOUR.

primum talaria exuit Andromeda vincta erat. Ea
et,
Perseus, postquam in litus descendit,
tum ad rupem
venit,
ubi
autem omnem spem

puellam patri
gaudio
Perseo
afFectus
retiilit
;
saltitis
deposuerat,
Ille
ubi Perseus
adiit,
terrore paene exanimata est.

reddidit.
est
:
vincula statim solvit, et
Cepheus ob banc rem maximo
meritas gratias pro tanto beneficio
monium
dedit.
:
(uxorem) duxit
habitabat, et in
Andromedam ipsam ei in matrihoc donum accepit, et puellam paucos annos cum uxore sua in ea region e magno honore erat apud omnes Aethiopes.
praeterea
Ille libenter
Magnopere tamen cupiebat
matrem suam rursus

discessit.
videre.
Tandem
igitur
cum uxore
regno Cephei
PT. II.]
Perseus.
29
SO.
TURNED TO STONE,
appulit, se
Postquam Perseus ad insulam navem

contiilit,
ad locum
invenit
ubi mater olim habitav^rat
at
domum
vacuam et omnino desertam. Tres dies per totam insulam matrem quaerebat tandem quarto die ad templum Dianae pervenit. Hue Danae refugerat, qu6d Polydectem timebat. Perseus, ubi haec cognovit, ira magna commotus est; ad regiam Polydectis sine mora contendit, et, ubi e6 venit, statim
;
in
atrium
irrupit.
Polydectes
magno timore
ille
afFectus est, et
fugere volebat.
Dum
ille
tamen
fugit,
Perseus caput Mevidit, in
dusae monstravit ;
versus
est.
autem, simul-atque hoc
saxum
31.
THE ORACLE FULFILLED.
ille
Post haec Perseus cum uxore sua ad urbem Acrisii rediit autem, ubi Perseum vidit, magno terrore afFectus est:
:
nam propter oraculum istud nepotem suum adhuc timebat in Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Larissam statim reftigit frustra
:
tamen ; neque enim fatum suum vitavit. Post paucos annos rex Larissae ludos magnos fecit nuntios in omnes partes dimiserat, et diem edixerat. Multi ex omnibus urbibus
:
Graeciae ad ludos convenerunt ipse Perseus inter alios certamen discorum iniit. At, dum discum conjicit, avum
:
suum
casu occidit
Acrisius enim inter spectatores ejus cer-
taminis forte stabat.
30
[pt. ii.
HERCULES.
HerculeSj a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pur-
sued throughout his
life
by the hatred of Juno,
While
to
yet
an
infant, he strangled some serpents sent by the goddess
destroy
him.
During
his boyhood
;
and youth he performed
various mar-
vellous feats of strength
and, on reaching manhood, succeeded in

the oppression of the
delivering the
fit
Thehans from
Minyae.
In a
of madness, sent upon him by Juno, he slew his own children,

consulting the Delphic oracle as to
and on
himself
how he should
to
cleanse
from
this
crime, he
was ordered
submit himself for

to
twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns,

ever tasks were a'ppointed him.
and
perform what-
Hercules obeyed the oracle, and
during the twelve years of his servitude accomplished twelve extraordinary feats known as the Labours of Hercules,
caused (unintentionally) by his wife Deianira.
His death was
Hercules had shot

insulted
with his poisoned arrows a Centaur

Deianira,
named Nessus, who had

of his
to
Nessus,
before he died, gave some

it
blood to
Deianira, and told her
would act as a charm

after,
secure her
to
husband! s
love.
Some time
Deianira, wishing
try the
charm, soaked one of her husband's garments in the blood, not
knowing that
it
was poisoned,
Hercules put on the robe, and,
after suffering terrible torments, died, or
was carried
off
by his
father Jupilen
PT.
II.]
Hercules.
31
32.
THE INFANT PRODIGY,

filius,
Hercules,
HicîcitujJ
Alcmenae
olim
in
Graecia LabitaBat
.
regina
omnium hominum valicpssimus fuisse At Juno, *deQUuai, Alcmenam oderat, et Herciilenv adhuc in-
fantem necare volljit. Misit igitur 4liQ. serpentes saevisimos hi, media nocte, in cubiculum Alcmenae venerunt, ubi Hercules cum fratre suo dormiefcat. (Nee tamen in
:
cunis, sed in scute magno cubabant.) Serpentes jam appropinquaverant et scutum movebant^;^ itaque pueri e somno
excitati sunt.
83.
HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS.

frater
Iphicles,
Hercules
ipse,
Herculis, imagna vocej exclamavit; puer forti^mus, haudquaquam territus
at
est.
iParvis manibus serpentes statim prehendit, et colla eorum
magnaj^ com^^reasit.
sunt.
et
^Tali
modo
serpentes ^_a pjuer^ interfecti
Alcmena autem, mater puerorum, clamorem audiverat, maritum sui^m e somno excitaverat. Ille lumeiiTaccencJjt,
;
gladium suum rapuit turn ad pueros properaji^t, sed, ubi ad locum venit, rem miram vidit: Hercules enim ridehd; et serpentes mortu^s monstrafe^ji.
et
32
[pt.
ii.
34.
THE MUSIC LESSON,

suum
diligenter
Hercules a
puero corpus
exercebat
magnam partem
consumebat: didicit etiam arcum intendere et tela conjicere. His exercitationibus vires In musica etiam a Lino Centauro ejus confirmatae sunt. (Oentauri autem equi erant, sed caput hominis erudiebatur
diei in palaestra
:
habebant)
huic tamen arti minus diligenter studebat. Hie Linus Herciilem olim culpabat, qu6d parum studiosus erat: tum puer iratus citharam subito rapuit ; et summis viribus
;
caput magistri
infelicis perqussit.
Ille ictu
prostratus
est, et
paulo post e vita excessit, neque quisquam postea id officium

suscipere voluit.
35.
HERCULES ESCAPES FROM BEING

SACRIFICED,
Olim,
De
Herciile haec etiam, inter alia, narrantur.
dum
iter f^cit, in fines
Aegyptiorum venit ;
:
ibi
rex quidam, nomine
tempore regnabat ; hie autem, vir crudelissimus, homines immolare consueverat Herculem igitur corripuit, et Tum nuntios dimisit, et diem sacrificio in vincula conjecit. edixit. Mox ea dies appetivit, et omnia rite parata sunt. Mantis Herciilis catenis ferreis vinctae sunt et mola salsa in caput ejus inspersa est. (Mos enim erat apud antiquos salem et far capitibus victimarum imponere.) Jam victima ad aram Subito tamen stabat; jam sacerdos cultrum sumpserat.
Busiris, illo
:
Hercules
magno conata
:
vincula perrupit
tum
ictu
sacer-
dotem prostravit
altero
regem ipsum
occidit.
36.
Herciiles,
EAR-CROPPING,
urbem Thebas incolebat. Kex Creon appellatus est. Minyae, gens Thebarum, Legati autem a bellicosissima, Thebanis finitimi erant. Minyis ad Thebanos quotannis mittebantur: hi Thebas
jam
adolescens,
vir ignavus,
PT. II.]
Hercules.
33
veniebant, et centum boves postulabant.
Thebani enim olim
a Minyis superati erant

tannis
tribtita igitur regi
Minyarum
quo-
pendebant.
:
At
Legati
Herciiles
cives
suos hoc stipendio
liberare constituit
legates igitur comprehendit, atque aures
eorum
abscidit.
autem apud omnes gentes
sacri
habentur.
37.
DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE.

est,
Erginus, rex Minyarum, ob haec vehementer iratus

et
Creon adventum ejus per exploratores cognovit ; ipse tamen pugnare Qoluit, nam magno timore affectus est ; Thebani igitur HerIlle nuntios in omnes partes ciilem imperatorem creaverunt. dimisit, et copias coegit tum proximo die cum magno exercitu profectus est. Locum idoneum delegit, et aciem instruxit tum Thebani e superiore loco impetum in hostes fecerunt. sustinere non potuerunt: Illi autem impetum itaque acies hostium pulsa est atque in fugam conversa.
copiis in fines
cum omnibus
Thebanorum
contendit.
38.
MADNESS AND MURDER.
Post hoc proelium Hercules copias suas ad urbem reduxit. propter victoriam maxime gaudebant Creon autem magnis honoribus Herciilem decoravit, atque filiam
Omnes Thebani
suam ei in matrimonium dedit. Hercules cum uxore sua vitam beatam agebat; sed post paucos annos subito in furorem incidit, atque liberos suos ipse sua manu occidit. Post breve tempus ad sanitatem reductus est, et propter hoc facinus magno dolore affectus est , mox ex urbe effugit, et in
silvas se
recepit.
Nplebant enim cives sermonem cum eo
habere.
34
[pt. ii.
89.
HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE,
[See Note 15, and Preliminary Exercise on the Relative.]
Herciiles
Constituit
igitur
magnopere cupiebat tantum ad oraculum Delphicum

:
scelus
ire
:
expiara,
hoc enim
Ibi templiim erat oraculum erat omnium celeberrimum. AppoUinis, plurimis donis ornatum hoc in templo sedebat femina quaedam, nomine Pythia, et consilium dabat iis, qui ad oraculum veniebant. Haec autem femina ab ipso Apolline
docebatur, et voluntatem dei hominibus enuntiabat.

igitur,
Hercules
qui
Apollmem praecipu^
coletat,
hue
venit.
Turn rem
totam exposuit, neque scelus
celavit.
40.
THE ORACLE'S REPLY,

:
Ubi Hercules finem fecit, Pythia diu conticebat tandem tamen jussit eum ad urbem Tiryntha ire, et Eurysthei regis omnia imperata facere. Hercules, ubi haec audivit, ad urbem
illam contendit, et Eurystheo regi se in servitutem tradidit.
Duodecim annos
labores, quos
in servittite Eurysthei tenebatur, et
duodecim
ille
imperaverat, confecit
tantum
scelus expiari potuit.
De
hoc enim uno modo his laboribus plurima a

:
poetis scripta sunt.

credibilia sunt.
Multa tamen, quae poetae narrant, vix
41.
FIRST LABOUR -SLA YLNG THE
NEMEAN LION.
qui
Primum ab Eurystheo jussus est Hercules leonem occidere, In illo tempore vallem Nemaeam reddebat infestam.
quas leo incolebat, statim se contiilit. Mox feram arcum, quern secum attulerat, intendit ejus tamen
:
silvas igitur,
vidit, et
PT. II.]
Hercules.
35
pellem,
quae densissima erat, trajicere non potuit. Turn quam semper gerebat, leonem percussit frustra tamen; neque enim hoc modo eum occidere potuit. Tum demum collum monstri brachiis suis complexus est, et fauces
clava magna,
:
ejus
summis
viribus compressit.
Hoc modo
leo brevi tem-
pore
exanimatus est ; nulla enim respirandi facultas ei Tum Hercules cadaver ad oppidum in humeris dabatur. retiilit ; et pellem, quam detraxerat, postea pro veste gerebat. Omnes autem, qui eam regionem incolebant, ubi famam de
morte leonis acceperunt, vehementer gaudebant, et Herculem
magno honore habebant.
42.
SECOND LABOUR^SLAYING THE LERNAEAN HYDRA.

Hydram
necare
:
Post haec jussus est ab Eurystheo
haec
autem monstrum
igitur
erat,
cui
novem
erant capita.
Herciiles
cum amico lolao profectus est ad paludem Lernaeam, quam Hydra incolebat. Mox monstrum invenit, et, quanquam
magni
periculi,
res erat
collum ejus laeva prehendit.

:
Tum
dextra capita
fecerat,
novem
abscidere coepit
quoties tamen hoc
nova capita exoriebantur. Diu frustra laborabat; tandem hoc conatu destitit ; constituit deinde arbores succiHoc celeriter fecit, et, postquam dSre et ignem accendere. ligna ignem comprehenderunt, face ardente colla adussit, unde Nee tamen sine magno labore haec capita exoriebantur. fecit: venit enim auxilio Hydrae cancer ingens, qui, dum Hercules capita abscidit, crura ejus mordebat. Postquam monstrum tali modo interfecit, sagittas suas sanguine ejus
imbuit, itaque mortiferas reddidit.
36
consecutive Stories.
[ft. n.
43.
THIRD LABOUR^CAPTURE OF THE CERYNIAN

STAG.
Postquam Eurystheo caedes Hydrae nuntiata est, magnus animum ejus occupavit. Jussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad se referre ; noluit enim virum tantae audacioe Hie autem cervus (cujus cornua aurea in urbe retinere.
timor
fuisse traduntur) incredibili fuit celeritate.
Hercules igitur
:
primum
vestigia
ejus in silvis
animadvertit
deinde,
ubi
cervum ipsum vidit, summis viribus currere coepit. Usque ad vesperum currebat, neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad quietem relinquebat. Frustra tamen nuUo enim modo praedam consequi poterat. Tandem, postquam totum annum cucurrerat (ita traditur) cervum cursu' exanimatum cepit, et vivum ad Eurystheum retulit.
:
44.
FOURTH LABOUR THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR,
Post haec jussus est Hercules aprum quendam capere, qui tempore agros Erymanthios vastabat, et incolas hujus Hercules rem suscepit, et in regionis magnopere terrebat.
illo
Arcadiam profectus
vidit, statim refugit
est.
:
Postquam
ille
in silvam
paulum
pro-
gressus est, apro occurrit

;
autem, simul-atque Herculem
et,
timore perterritus, in altam fossam
se projecit.
Hercules igitur laqueum,

difficultate
quem
attulerat, injecit
Ille,
et
summa cum
aprum
e fossa extraxit.
etsi
multum
reluctabatur, nullo
modo
se liberare potuit; et
est.
ab
Hercule ad Eurystheum vivus relatus
PT. n.]
Hercules.
37
45.
HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE.

quern supra narravimus, haec etiam
Hercules,
De
quarto labore,
dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad earn regionem venit, quam Centauri incolebant. Mox, qu6d nox jam appetebat, ad antrum devertit, in quo centaurus quidam,
traduntur.
nomine Pholus, habitabat.

Ille
Herciilem benigne excepit et cenam paravit.
At
Erat
Hercules, postquam cenavit,
vinum a Pholo
postulavit.
repleta,
autem
in antro
ibi
magna amphora, vino optimo
quam
Pholus igitur hoc vinum dare nolebat, qu6d reliquos Centauros timebat ; nullum tamen vinum praeter hoc in antro habebat. " Hoc vinum," inquit, Si igitur hoc dabo, Centauri me "mihi commissum est. Hercules tamen eum irrisit, et ipse cyathum interficient."
Centauri
deposuerant.
vini ex
amphora
hausit.
46.
THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS.

est,
Simul-atque amphora aperta

dique diffusus est
:
odor jucundissimus un-
vinum enim suavissimum erat. Centauri notum odorem senserunt, et omnes ad locum convenerunt. Ubi ad antrum pervenerunt, magnopere irati sunt qu6d Herculem bibentem viderunt. Tum arma rapuerunt, et Pholum interficere volebant. Hercules tamen in aditu antri constitit, et impetum eorum fortissimo sustinebat. Faces
ardentes in eos conjecit
:
Hae autem
sagittae
eaedem
multos etiam sagittis suis vulneravit. erant, quae sanguine Hydrae olim
imbutae erant. Omnes igitur, quos ille sagittis vulneraverat veneno statim absumpti sunt reliqui autem, ubi hoc viderunt
:
terga verterunt et fuga salutem petierunt.
38'
[pt.
ii.
47.
THE FATE OF PHOLUS.

Pholus ex antro egressus
est,
Postquam
et
reiiqui fugerunt,
corpora spectabat eorum,
qui sagittis interfecti erant.
Magnopere autem miratus est, qu6d tarn levi vulnere exanimati essent, et causam ejus rei quaerebat. Adiit igitur locum, ubi cadaver cujusdam Centauri jacebat, et sagittam e vulnere
traxit. Haec tamen, sive casu sive consilio deorum, e manibus ejus lapsa est, et pedem leviter vulneravit. lUe extemplo dolorem gravem per omnia membra sensit, et post breve tempus vi veneni exanimatus est. Mox Hercules, qui reliquos Centauros secutus erat, ad antrum rediit, et magno
cum
dolore
Pholum mortuum
somno
vidit.
Multis
cum
lacrimis
corpus amici ad sepulturam dedit; turn, postquam alterum
cyathum
vini hausit,
se dedit.
48.
FIFTH LABOUR CLEANSING THE
AUGEAN STABLES.
posuit.
Deinde Eurystheus Herculi laborem hunc graviorem imAugeas quidam, qui illo tempore regnum in Elide
obtinebat, tria millia bourn habebat.
Hi
in stabiilo ingentis
magnitudinis
includebantur
;
squalore obsitum est
purgatum
diei
erat.
purgare,
autem illuvie ac neque enim ad hoc tempus unquam Hoc jussus est Hercules intra spatium unius Ille, etsi res erat multae operae, negotium
:
stabiilum
suscepit.
fecit,
Primum, magno
per
quam
fluminis
stabiili
perduxit.
pedum aquam de montibus ad murum Tum, postquam murum perrupit, aquam

labore, fossam duodeviginti
;
in stabiilum immisit
et tali
modo, contra opinionem omnium,
opus confecit.
FT. II.]
Hercules.
39
49.
SIXTH LABOUR THE BIRDS OF STYMPHALUS.

[See Note 16 on translating the Subjunctive, p. 91.]
fecit
Post paucos dies Hercules ad oppidum Stymphalum iter ; imperaverat enim ei Eurystheus, ut aves Stymphalides
necaret.
Hae
aves rostra aenea habebant, et carne

Ille,
hominum
postquam ad locum pervenit, lacum vidit in hoc autem lacu, qui non procul erat ex oppido, aves habitabant. Nulla tamen dabatur appropinquandi facultas lacus enim non ex aqua sed e limo constitit; Hercules igitur neque pedibus neque lintre progredi potuit. Ille, quum magnam partem diei frustra consumpsisset, hoc conatu destitit et ad Vulcanum se contiilit, ut auxilium ex eo peteret. Vulcanus (qui ab fabris maxime colebatur), crepundia, quae ipse ex aere fabricatus erat, Herciili dedit. His Hercules tarn dirum crepitum fecit, ut aves perterritae
vescebantur.
:
avolarent
ille
autem,
dum
avolant,
magnum numerum
eorum
sagittis transfixit.
60.
SEVENTH LABOUR THE CRETAN
BULL,
Tum imperavit Herciili Eurystheus, ut taurum quendam ferocissimum ex insula Greta vivum referret. Ille igitur
navem
solvit.
conscendit,
et,
quum
ventus idoneus
esset,
statim
jam appropinquaret, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut navis cursum tenere non posset. Tantus autem timor animos nautarum occupavit, ut paene omnem spem salutis deponerent. Hercules, tamen, etsi navigandi imperitus erat, haudquaquam territus est.
insulae
Quum tamen
Post breve tempus

nautae, qui se ex timore
summa
tranquillitas consectita est, et
jam receperant, navem incoliimem ad
40
Hercules e navi egressus
[pt.
ii.
terrain perduxerunt.
est, et,
quum
ad regem Cretae venisset, causam veniendi docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parata sunt, ad earn regionem contendit
Mox taurum vidit, et, quanquam magni periculi, cornua ejus prehendit. Turn, quum ingenti labore monstrum ad navem traxisset, cum praeda in Graeciam rediit.
quam
taurus vastabat.
res erat
51.
EIGHTH LABOUR CAPTURE OF THE HORSES

OF DIOMED^.
in
Postquam ex insula Greta rediit, Hercules ab Eurysthee Thraciam missus est, ut equos Diomedis reduceret. Hi equi carne hominum vescebantur; Diomedes autem, vir
iis
crudelissimus,
projiciebat peregrinos omnes, qui in
eam
in
regionem venerant. Thraciam contendit,
Hercules igitur
et
magna
celeritate
ab Diomede postulavit, ut equi sibi traderentur. Quum tamen ille hoc facere nollet, Hercules, ira commotus, regem interfecit, et cadaver ejus equis projici
jussit.
Ita mira
rerum commutatio facta

cruciatu necaverat, ipse
est
is
enim, qui antea
multos
est.
cum
eodem
supplicio necatus
Quum
incolebant,
maxima
haec nuntiata essent, omnes, qui eam regionem laetitia afFecti sunt, et Herculi meritam
miis
gratiam referebanfc. Non modo maximis honoribus et praeeum decoraverunt ; sed orabant etiam ut regnum ipse
susciperet.
rediisset,
Ille
navem
tamen hoc facere nolebat, et, quum ad maro Ubi omnia ad navigandum occupavit.
parata sunt, equos in navem collocavit; deinde, quum idoneam tempestatem nactus esset, sine mora e portu solvit ; et
paulo post equos in litus Argolicum exposuit.
PT. II.]
Hercules.
41
52.
NINTH LABOUR^THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE,

dicitur
Gens Amazonum
omnino ex mulieribus
viris
constitisse.
Hae summam
derent.
scientiam rei militaris habebant, et tantam
virtutem praebebant, ut
Hippolyte,
cum
proelium committere au-
Amazonum regina, balteum habuit celeberei
rimum, quern Mars

filia,
dederat.
famam de hoc
balteo acceperat, et
Admeta autem, Eurysthei eum possidere veheinferret.

Ille
menter cupiebat.
in
Eurystheus igitur Herculi mandavit, ut
copias cogeret, et bellum
Amazonibus
nuntios
militan
omnes partes
eos
dimisit, et,
venisset,
delegit,
qui
quum magna maximum usum
multitudo conin
re
habebant.
53.
THE GIRDLE REFUSED.
His
suaserat,
viris
Hercules persuasit, postquam causam itineris
exposuit, ut
secum
iter facer ent.

et,
Tum cum
quum
iis,
quibus per-
navem
conscendit,
ventus idoneus esset,
post paucos dies ad ostium fluminis Thermodontis appiilit.
Postquam
misit,
in fines
Amazonum
venit,
nuntium ad Hippolytam
et
qui causam veniendi doceret,
balteum posceret.
ei per-
Ipsa Hippolyte balteum tradere volebat, quod de Herculis

virtute
famam
acceperat;
reliquae
tamen Amazones
suaserunt, ut negaret.
essent, belli
At
Hercules,
constituit.
quum
haec nuntiata
fortunam tentare
igitur et
die,
Proximo
quum
copias
eduxisset,
locum
ido-
neum
delegit,
hostes
ad pugnam evocavit.
quoque copias suas ex
castris eduxerunt, et
Amazones non magno inter-
vallo aciem instruxerunt.
42
[pt.
ii.
64.
THE BATTLE,
inter
Palus erat non
magna
duo exercitus
neutri
tamen
sig-
initium transeundi facere volebant.
Tandem
Hercules
num
dedit et ubi paludem transiit, proelium commisit.

fortissime sustinuerunt
et
AmazSnes impetum virorum

contra opinionem
omnium tantam
virttitem praestiterunt, ut
multos eorum occiderint, multos etiam in fugam conjee erint. Viri enim novo genere pugnae perturbabantur, nee solitam virttitem praestabant. Hercules autem, quum haec videret, de suis fortunis desperare coepit. Milites igitur vehementer cohortatus est, ut pristmae virttitis memoriam retinerent, neu tantum dedecus admitterent, hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinerent ; quibus verbis animos omnium ita erexit, ut multi
etiam qui vulneribus
redintegrarent.
confecti
essent^
proelium sine mora
55.
DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS.

:
tandem tamen ad solis Diu et acriter pugnatum est occasum tanta commutatio rerum facta est, ut mulieres terga verterent et fuga salutem peterent. Multae autem vulneribus def essae, dum fugiunt, captae sunt ; in quo numero ipsa erat Hercules summam clementiam praestitit, et, Hippolyte. postquam balteum accepit, libertatem omnibus captivis dedit. Post haec socios ad mare reduxit, et, qu6d non multum Navem aestatis super-erat, in Graeciam proficisci maturavit. igitur conscendit, et, tempestatem idoneam nactus, statim solvit: antequam tamen in Graeciam pervenit, ad urbem Trojam navem appellere constituit: frumentum enim, quod
secum habebat, jam
deficere coeperat.
PT. IT.]
Hercules.
43
56.
LAOMEDON AND THE SEA MONSTER,
Laomedon quidam illo tempore regnum Trojae obtinebat ad hunc Neptunus et Apollo anno superiore venerant, et, quum Troja nondum moenia haberet, ad hoc opus auxilium
obtulerant.
sunt, nolebat
solvere.
Postquam tamen horum auxilio moenia confecta Laomedon praemium, quod proposuerat, perigitur et Apollo,
Neptunus
ob banc causam
quoddam miserunt
specie
horribili,
irati, monstrum quod quotidie e mari
veniebat, et homines peciides-que vorabat.
Trojani igitur,
his rebus
timore perterriti, in urbe continebantur, et pecora omnia ex

agris intra
muros compulerant.
:
Laomedon,
com-
motus, oraciilum consuluit
deus autem
ei praecepit,
ut filiam
Hesionem monstro
objiceret.
57.
THE RESCUE OF HESIONE.

asset,
Laomedon, quum hoc responsum renuntiatum
mag-
num
dixit.
dolorem percepit
sed tamen, ut cives suos tanto periet
culo liberaret, oraculo parere constituit,
diem
sacrificio
Sed, sive casu sive consilio deorum, Hercules tempore

:
opportunissimo Trojam attigit
ipso
enim temporis puncto,

ille
quo puella catenis vincta ad

appiilit.
litus
deducebatur,
navem
Hercules, e navi egressus, de rebus, quae gerebantur

:
tum, ira commotus, ad regem se contulit, auxilium suum obtulit. Quum rex libenter ei concessisset, ut, si posset, puellam liberaret, Hercules monstrum interfecit,
certior factus est
et
et puellam^ quae jam omnem spem salutis deposuerat, incoliimem ad patrem reduxit. Laomedon magno cum gaudio
filiam
suam
accepit, et Herculi pro tanto beneficio meritas
gratias retulit.
44
[pt.
ii.
58.
TENTH LABOUR^-^THE OXEN OF GERYON
Post haec missus est Hercules ad insulam Erythiam, ut
Kes erat summae difficultatis, qu6d boves a gigante Eurytione et a cane bicipite custodiebantur. Ipse autem Geryon speciem horribilem praebebat habebat enim tria corpora inter se conjuncta. Hercules tamen, etsi intellegebat, quantum periculum esset, negotium suscepit et postquam per multas terras iter fecit, ad earn partem Libyae pervenit, quae Europae proxima est. Ibi in utraque parte freti, quod Europam a Libya dividit, columnas constituit, quae postea Herculis Columnae appellatae sunt.
boves Geryonis arcesseret.
:
59.
THE GOLDEN
Hercules
SHIP.
Dum
suum
viri
hie moratur,
:
magnum incommodum ex
commotus, arcum
ei
calore solis accipiebat
tandem
est,
igitur, ira
intendit, et solem sagittis petiit.
Sol tamen audaciam

dederit.
tantum admiratus
ut lintrem auream
;
Hercules hoc
et,
donum
libentissime accepit
nuUam enim navem

lintrem deduxit,
in his regionibus invenire potuerat.
Tum
ventum nactus idoneum, post breve tempus ad insulam pervenit. Ubi ex incolis cognovit, quo in loco boves essent, in eam partem statim profectus est, et a rege Geryone postuQuum tamen ille hoc facere lavit, ut boves sibi trader entur. nollet, Hercules et regem ipsum et gigantem Eurytionem
interfecit.
60.
A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM.
Hercules boves per Hispaniam et Liguriam compostquam igitur omnia parata sunt, boves Ligiires tamen, ex insula ad continentem transportavit.
pellere constituit
:
Tum
PT. II.]
Hercules.
45
gens bellicosissima, dum ille per fines eorum iter facit, magnis copiis convenerunt, atque eum longius progredi
prohibebant.
b^ri
in
Hercules
magnam
difficultatem habebat
bar-
enim
in locis superioribus constiterant, et saxa tela-que
Ille quidem paene omnem spem salutis tempore opportunissimo Jupiter imbrem lapidum ingentium e coelo demisit. Hi tanta vi ceciderunt, ut magnum numerum Ligurum occiderint; ipse tamen
eum
conjiciebant.
deposuerat;
sed
Hercules (ut in talibus rebus accidere consuevit) nihil incom-
modi
cepit.
61.
PASSAGE OF THE ALPS,

sunt, Hercules
Postquam Ligures hoc modo superati

celerrime progressus
est, et
quam
post paucos dies ad Alpes pervenit.
tamen summae
Necesse erat hos transire, ut in Italiam boves duceret; res erat difficultatis hi enim montes, qui Galliam ulteriorem ab Italia dividunt, nive pereniii teguntur
: :
quam ob causam neque frumentum neque pabulum

regionibus inveniri potest,
in his
Hercules igitur, antequam ascen-
dere coepit,
serat,
magnam copiam
frumenti et pabuli comparavit,

in his rebus tres dies
et boves oneravit.
Postquam
consump-
quarto die profectus
est, et,
contra
omnium opinionem,
boves incolumes in Italiam traduxit.
62.
CACUS STEALS THE OXEN,
Post breve tempus ad flumen Tiberim venit ; illo tamen tempore nulla erat urbs in eo loco Roma enim nondum condita est. Hercules, itinere fessus, constituit ibi paucos dies morari, ut se ex laboribus recrearet. Haud procul ex valle, ubi boves pascebantur, antrum erat, in quo gigas quidam, nomine Cacus, tum habitabat. Hie speciem terribilem
:
46
[pt.
ii.
praebebat, non
modo quod
acceperat
:
ingenti magnitudine corporis erat,
Herculis
Cacus autem de adventu noctu igitur venit, et, dum Hercules dormit, quattuor pulcherrimorum bourn abripuit. Hos caudis in antrum traxit, ne Hercules vestigiis animadvertere
sed quod ignem ex ore exspirabat
famam
posset,
quo in loco
celati essent.
63.
HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT,

die,
Post^ro
simul-atque e
somno
excitatus est, Hercules
furtum animadyertit, et boves amissos undique quaerebat. Hos tamen nusquam reperire poterat non modo quod loci naturam ignorabat, sed quod vestigiis falsis deceptus est. Tandem, quum magnam partem diei frustra consumpsisset, cum reliquis bobus progredi constituit. At, dum proficisci parat, unus e bobus, quos secum habuit, mugire coepit. Extemplo ii, qui in antro inclusi erant, mugitum reddiderunt, et hoc modo Herculem certiorem fecerunt, quo in Ille, vehementer iratus, ad speluncam loco celati essent. qu^m celerrime se contulit, ut praedam reciperet. At Cacus saxum ingens ita dejecerat, ut aditus speluncae omnino ob:
strueretur.
64.
RECOVERY OF THE OXEN,
Hercules, quum nullum alium introitum reperire posset, hoc saxum amovere conatus est sed propter ejus magnitudmem res erat difficillima. Diu frustra laborabat, neque quidquam efficere poterat tandem tamen magno conatu saxum amovit, et speluncam patefecit. Ibi amissos boves
:
magno cum gaudio conspexit
sed
Cacum ipsum
vix cernere
FT. II.]
Hercules.
47
potuit,
quod spelunca repleta
erat fumo, quern
ille
more suo
et
evomebat.
haesitabat;
Hercules, inusitata specie turbatus, breve tempus
mox tamen
in
speluncam
Ille, etsi
irrtipit,
collum
monstri braehiis complexus

est,
est.
multum
reluctatus
nuUo modo
se liberare potuit; et,
quum
nulla facultas
est.
respirandi daretur, mox,
quod necesse
fuit,
exanimatus
65.
ELEVENTH LABOUR THE GOLDEN APPLES

OF THE HESPERIDES,
Eurystheus, postquam boves Geryonis accepit, laborem
undecimum Herculi
narravimus.
imposuit,
Mandavit enim
Hesperidum auferret. erant quaedam forma praestantissima, quae in terra longinqua habitabant, et quibus aurea quaedam poma a Junone commissa erant.
quam quos poma ex Hesperides autem nymphae

graviorem
ei,
supra
horto
ut aurea
Multi homines, auri cupiditate inducti, haec
poma
erat
:
auf erre
jam antea
hortus, in
conati erant
res
namque
quo poma
erant,
tamen difficillima muro ingenti undique
circumdatus est: prasterea draco quidam, cui centum erant
Opus igitur, portam horti diligenter custodiebat. quod Eurystheus Herculi imperaverat, erat summae difficultatis, non modo ob causas quas memoravimus, sed quod Hercules omnino ignorabat, quo in loco hortus ille situs
capita,
esset.
66.
ATLAS, V/HO UPHELD THE HEAVENS.
Hercules,
stituit
quanquam quietem vehementer

;
cupiebat, con-
tamen Eurystheo parere

maturavit.
et simul-ac jussa ejus acce-
pit, proficisci
multis mercatoribus quaesiverat,

nihil
quo in loco
Hesperides
habitarent;
tamen certum
fecit,
reperire potuerat.
Frustra per multas terras iter

:
et
multa pericula subiit
tandem,
quum
in his itineribus
totum
48
[pt.
ii.
annum consumpsisset, ad extremam partem orbis, quae proxima erat Oceano, pervenit. Hie stabat vir quidam, nomine Atlas, ingenti magnitudine corporis, qui coelum (ita tradunt) humeris suis sustinebat, ne in terram decideret. Hercules tantum laborem magnopere miratus, post paulo in colloquium cum Atlante venit, at quum causam itineris
docuisset, auxilium ejus petiit.
67.
A SUBSTITUTE.
:
Atlas autem potuit Herculi ma;xime prodesso
ille
enim,
quum
esset
ipse esset pater Hesperidum, bene scivib

i'lortus.
Postquam
igitur
audivit,
quo in loco quam ob causam
Hercules venisset, " Ipse," inquit, " ad hortum ibo, et filiabus meis persuadebo, ut poma sua sponte tradant." Hercules,
quum
baec audiret, magnopere gavisus est

si
noluit
adhibere,
res alitor fieri posset
constituit igitur
postulavit,
ut,
enim vim oblatum

ipse
auxilium accipere.
abesset,
Atlas
tamen
dum
Hercules coelum humeris sustineret.

:
negotium Hercules libenter suscepit et, summi laboris, totum pondus coeli continuos complures dies
solus sustinebat..
Hoc igitur quanquam res erat
68.
RETURN OF ATLAS,
Atlas interea abierat, et ad hortum Hesperidum, qui pauca millia passuunr aberat, se qu^m celerrime contulerat. E6 quum venisset, causam veniendi exposuit, et filias suas vehementer hortatus est, ut poma traderent. Illae diu haerebant: nolebant enim hoc facere, quod ab ipsa Junone (de qua ante dictum est) hoc munus acceperant. Atlas tamen,
PT. II.]
Hercules.
49
iis persuasit, ut sibi parerent, et poma ad Herculem retiilit. Hercules interea, quum plures dies exspectavisset, neque ullam famam de reditu Atlantis accepisset, hac mora graviter commotus est. Tandem quinto die Atlantem
post multa verba,
vidit redeuntem, et
mox magno cum
gaudio
poma
accepit;
turn
postquam gratias pro tanto beneficio
retiilit,
ad Graeciam
proficisci maturavit.
69.
TWELFTH LABOUR ^CERBERUS, THE

THREE-HEADED DOG.
modo
Postquam aurea poma ad Eurystheum relata sunt, unus relinquebatur e duodecim laboribus, quos Pythia HerEurystheus autem, quum Herculem magculi praeceperat. nopere timeret, volebat eum in aliquem locum mittere, undo nunquam redire posset. Negotium igitur ei dedit, ut canem Cerberum ex Oreo in lucem traheret: hoc opus omnium difficillimum erat, nemo enim unquam ex Oreo redierat. Praeterea Cerberus iste monstrum erat horribili specie, cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevis circumvoluta. Antequam tamen hunc laborem narramus, non alienum videtur, quoniam de Oreo mentionem fecimus, pauca de ista regione proponere.
70.
ORCUS OR HADES, THE ABODE OF THE DEAD,

Oreo, qui idem
De
Hades
dicebatur, haec traduntur.
Ut
quisque e vita discesserat, manes ejus ad Orcum, sedem mortuorum, a deo Mercurio deducebantur. Hujus regionis,
quae sub terra fuisse

deducti,
dicitur,
rex erat Pluto, cui uxor erat
Proserpina, Jovis et Cereris
Manes igitur, a Mercurio primum ad ripam veniebant Stygis fluminis, quo Hoc transire necesse erat, continetur regnum Plutonis. D
filia.
50
in
[pt.
ii.
Quum tamen hoc flumen manes transvehebantur a Cliaronte quodam, qui cum parva scapha ad ripam exspectabat. Charon pro hoc officio mercedem postulabat, neque volebat quemquam, nisi hoc praemium prius dedisset, transvehere. Ob banc causam mos erat apud antiquos nummum in ore mortui ponere, eo consilio, ut, quum ille ad Stygem venisset, pretium
antequam
Orcum
venire possent.
nullo ponte junctum esset,
trajectus solvere posset.
Ii
non
lit5re
licuit
sepulti
erant,
Stygem
autem, qui post mortem in terra transire non potuerunt, sed in

:
per centum annos errare coacti sunt
tum demum
Orcum
intrare.
71.
THE REALM OF PLUTO.
Postquam manes Stygem hoc modo transierant, ad alterveniebant flumen, quod Lethe appellatum est. Ex hoc flumine aquam bibere cogebantur quod quum fecissent, res omnes in vita gestas e memoria deponebant. Denique ad sedem ipsam Plutonis veniebant, cujus introitus a cane
um
Cerbero custodiebatur.
Ibi Pluto, nigro vestitu indutus,
cum
uxore Proserpina in
ex eo loco tria
solio sedebat.
Stabant etiam non procul
alia solia, in
quibus sedebant Minos, Ehada-
manthus
bant,
et
et Aeacus, judices inferorum.
Hi mortuis
: :
jus dice-
praemia poenasque constituebant Campos Elysios, sedem beatorum, veniebant

in
boni enim in
improbi autem
Tartarum mittebantur,
et multis variisque suppliciis ibi
excruciabantur.
72.
CHARON'S FERRY,
Hercules postquam imperia Eurysthei accepit, in Laconiam ad Taenarum statim se contiilit ibi enim spelunca erat
:
PT. II.]
Hercules.
51
ingenti magnitudine, per
Orcum descendebant.
quo in loco spelunca
sine
quam (ut tradebatur), homines ad Eo quum venisset, ex incolis quaesivit,

:
ilia sita esset quod quum cognovisset, mora descendere constituit. Nee tamen solus hoc iter faciebat Mercurius enim et Minerva se socios ei adjunxerant. Ubi ad ripam Stygis venit, Hercules scapham Charontis conscendit, ut ad ulteriorem ripam transiret. Quum tamen Hercules vir esset ingenti magnitudine corporis, Charon solvere nolebat magnopere enim verebatur, ne scapha sua, tanto pondere onerata, in medio flumine mergeretur. Tandem tamen minis Herculis territus, Charon scapham solvit, et eum incolumem ad ulteriorem ripam perduxit.
:
73.
THE TWELVE LABOURS ACCOMPLISHED.
Postquam flumen Stygem tali modo transiit, Hercules in sedem ipsius Plutonis venit ; et, postquam causam veniendi docuit, ab eo petivit, ut Cerberum auferre sibi liceret. Pluto,
qui
de
Hercule
et facultatem,
famam acceperat, eum benigne excepit, quam ille petebat, libenter dedit. Postulavit
tamen ut Hercules, postquam jussa Eurysthei explevisset, Cerberum in Orcum rursus reduceret. Hercules haec poUicitus est, et Cerberum, quem non sine magno periculo manibus prehenderat, summo cum labore ex Oreo in lucem et ad urbem Eurysthei traxit. Eo quum venisset, tantus pavor
animum Eurysthei occupavit, ut ex atrio statim refugerit quum autem paulum se ex timore recepisset, multis cum lacrimis obsecravit Herculem, ut monstrum sine mora in Orcum reduceret. Sic, contra omnium opinionem, duodecim
illi
labores, quos
Pythia praeceperat, intra duodecim annos
confecti
sunt; quae
liberatus
quum
ita
essent,
Hercules, servitute
rediit.
tandem
magno cum gaudio Thebas
52
[pt.
ii.
74.
NESSUSy THE CENTAUR.

alia
Post haec Hercules multa

:
praeclara perfecit, quae
nunc perscribere longum est tandem, jam aetate provectus, Deianiram Oenei filiam in matrimonium duxit post tamen tres annos accidit, ut puerum quendam, nomine Eunomum, casu Occident. Quum autem mos esset ut, si quis hominem
:
casu occidisset, in exsilium
iret,
Hercules
cum uxore
tamen
sua e
finibus ejus civitatis exire maturavit.
Dum
iter f aciunt,
ad flumen quoddam pervenerunt, quod nullo ponte junctum et dum quaerunt quonam modo flumen trajiciant, accurrit Centaurus quidam, nomihe Nessus, qui auxilium viatoribus obtiilit. Hercules igitur uxorem suam in tergum Nessi imposuit tum ipse flumen nando trajecit. At Nessus, paulum in aquam progressus, ad ripam subito reversus est, et Deianiram auferre conabatur. Quod quum animadvertisset
erat,
:
Hercules, ira graviter commotus, arcum intendit, et pectus
Nessi sagitta transfixit.
75.
THE POISONED ROBE.
Nessus
jacebat
tus est.
;
Herculis transfixus, moriens humi ne occasionem sui ulciscendi dimitteret, ita locu" Tu, Deianira, verba morientis audi si vis amorem
igitur, sagitta
at,
:
mariti tui conservare, aliquid sanguinis hujus, qui e pectore
meo efiunditur, sume ac repone tum, si unquam suspicio in mentem tuam venerit, vesfcem mariti hoc sanguine inficies." Haec locutus Nessus animam efflavit Deianira autem nihil
;
;
mali suspicata, imperata
fecit.
Post breve tempus Hercules

et,
bellum contra Eurytum regem Oechaliae suscepit,
quum
Euryti
regem ipsum cum
filiis
interfecisset,
lolen
filiam
captivam reduxit. Antequam tamen domum venit, navem ad Cenaeum promontorinm apptilit, et, in terram egressus,
PT. II.]
Hercules.
53
Dum tamen sacrificium Licham comitem suum domum misit, qui vestem albam referret mos enim erat apud antiques, dum sacrificia
aram
constituit, ut Jovi sacrificaret.
parat,
faciebant,
vestem albam gerere.
At Deianira
vestem,
Hercules
amorem erga
lolen haberet,
infecit.
verita, ne priusquam
Lichae dedit, sanguine Nessi
76.
THE DEATH OF HERCULES,

mali suspicatus,
:
Hercules,
attiilit,
nihil
vestem,
quam
rei,
Lichas
statim induit
post tamen breve tempus dolorem per

et,
omnia membra
pere mirabatur.
sensit,
quae causa esset ejus
magno-
Dolore paene exanimatus, vestem detrahere
conatus est
ilia
tamen
in corpore haesit,
neque uUo modo
divelli potiiit.
Tum demum
Hercules quasi furore impulsus,
in
montem Oetam
se contulit, et in
celeritate
exstruxit, se imposuit.
qui circumstabant oravit,

erent
:
rogum, quem summa Hoc quum fecisset, eos ut rogum quam celerrime accend:
omnes diu recusabant tandem tamen, pastor quidam, ad misericordiam inductus, ignem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia fumo obscurantur, Hercules, densa nube velatus, a Jove in
Olympum
abreptus
est.
PART III. CONSECUTIVE STORIES-(continued).

THE ARGONAUTS.
The celebrated voyage of
follows.
the
Argonauts was brought about as
Felias had expelled his brother Aeson
from
his
kingdom
in Thessaly,
and had attempted
to
take the life of Jason, the son

to
of Aeson.
Jason, however, escaped, and grew up
manhood
in
another country.
At
last
he returned
to
to
Thessaly,
and
Pelias,
fearing that he might attempt

fetch the Golden Fleece impossible feat.
recover the kingdom, sent

Colchi,
him
be
to
from
supposing this
to
an
Jason, with a band of heroes, started in the ship
Argo
{called after
Argus,
its builder),
and
after
many
adventures
reached Colchi.
to give
Here Aeetes, king of

Jason
to
Colchi,
who was unwilling
up
the Fleece, set

to
perform what seemed an im-
possible task, viz.,
plough a field with certain fire-breathing

it
oxen,
and then
to
sow
with dragon's
teeth.
Medea,
the daughter
of the Icing, however, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first

to
perform
the task appointed,
and then
to
procure the Fleece.
Medea
then fled with Jason, and, in order to delay the pursuit
of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus.

Thessaly,
After reaching
Medea
caused the death of Pelias, and was, with her
husband, expelled from Thessaly.

here
They removed
of
Glauce,
to
Corinth,
and
Medea,
becoming jealous
daughter
of
this
Creon,
caused her death by means of a poisoned robe.
After
Medea
was carried
54
off in
a chariot sent by
the sun-god,
and Jason was
soon afterwards accidentally killed.
FT. HI.]
The Argonauts.
77.
55
T//E
WICKED UNCLE.
Infinitive.]
[See
Note
17,
and Exercise on Accusative and

fratres,
Erant olim in Thessalia duo

alter Pelias appellatus est.
quorum
alter Aeson,
Horum Aeson primum regnum

annos Pelias,
regni
cupiditate
obtinuerat
at post paucos
adductus, non
modo
fratrem
suum
expiilit,
sed
etiam in
animo habebat, Jasonem, Aeson is filium, inter fi cere. tamen ex amicis Aesonis, ubi sententiam Peliae
erunt,
igitur
Quidam
intellex-
puerum e tanto periculo eripere constituerunt. Noctu Jasonem ex urbe abstulerunt, et, quum postero die ad regem rediissent, ei renuntiaverunt, puerum mortuum
esse.
Pelias,
quum
haec audivisset,
etsi
re-vera
magnum
intelli-
gaudium
percipiebat, speciem
tamen
Illi
doloris praebuit, et, quae
causa esset mortis, quaesivit.

gerent dolorem
ejus falsum
tamen,
quum bene
esse,
nescio-quam fabiilam de
morte pueri finxerunt.
78.
^ CARELESS SHOE-STRING.
Post breve tempus Pelias, veritus ne regnum suum tanta vi et fraude occupatum amitteret, amicum quendam Delphos
misit, qui
oraculum consuleret.
Ille igitur
quam
celerrime
Delphos
stravit.
se contiilit, et,
quam ob causam
venisset,
demon-
Eespondit oraculum, nullum esse in praesentia periculum monuit tamen Peliam, ut, si quis veniret calceum unum gerens, eum caveret. Post paucos annos accidit ut
:
nuntios in omnes diem conveniendi dixerat. Die constittito magnus numerus hominum undique ex agris convenit inter alios autem venit etiam Jason, qui a puero apud Centaurum quendam vixerat. Dum tamen iter facit,
Pelias
sacrificium facturus esset
:
magnum
partes dimiserat, et certum
calceum alterum in transeundo nescio
ciuo flumine amisit.
56
[pt. hi.
79.
THE GOLDEN FLEECE,
quum calceum amissum nuUo modo recipere pede nudo in regiam pervenit quern quum vidisset, Pelias subito timore afFectus est ; intellexit enim hunc esse hominem, quern oraculum demonstravisset. Hoc
Jason
igitur,
posset, altero
igitur iniit consilium.
Eex
erat
quidam nomine Aeetes, qui
regnum Colchidis
tempore obtinebat. Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum, quod Phrixus olim ibi reliquerat. Constituit igitur Pelias Jasoni negotium dare ut hoc vellere potiretur quum enim res esset magni periculi, sperabat eum in itinere perittirum esse Jasonem igitur ad se arcessivit, et, quid fieri vellet, demonstravit. Jason autem, etsi bene intelligebat rem esse difficillimam, negotium libenter suscepit.
illo
: :
80.
THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO.
Colchis multorum dierum iter ab eo loco Jason solus proficisci dimisit igitur nuntios in omnes partes, qui causam itineris docerent, et diem certum conveniendi dicerent. Interea, postquam omnia, quae sunt Usui ad armandas naves, comportari jussit, negotium dedit
abesset, noluit
:
Quum tamen
decem Argus enim, qui operi praeerat, tantam diligentiam praebebat, ut ne nocturnum quidem tempus ad laborem intermitteret. Ad multitudinem hominum transportandam navis paulo erat latior quam quibus in nostro mari uti consuevimus, et ad vim tempestatum perferendam tota
habebat, ut
aedificaret.
:
Argo cuidam, qui navem
summam
scientiam rerum
nauticarum
In his rebus
circiter
dies consumpti sunt
e robore facta est.
FT. III.]
The Argonauts.
57
81.
THE ANCHOR
IS
WEIGHED,
dies appetebat, quam Jason per nuntios omnibus regionibus Graeciae multi, quos aut rei novitas aut spes gloriae movebat, undique conveniebant. Tradunt autem in hoc numero fuisse Herciilem (de quo ante multa perscripsimus) Orpheum citharoedum praeclarissimum, Theseum, Castorem et multos alios, quorum nomina notissima sunt. Ex his Jason, quos arbitratus est ad omnia subeunda pericula paratissimos esse, eos ad numerum quinquaginta delegit, et socios sibi adjunxit tum, paucos dies commoratus, ut ad omnes casus subsidia compararet, navem deduxit, et, tempestatem ad navigandum idoneam nactus,
Interea
ea
edixerat, et ex
magno cum plausu omnium
solvit.
82.
A FATAL MISTAKE,
insulam
Hand multum
qui
in
ista
post Argonautae (ita enim appellati sunt,
navi
vehebantur)
quandam nomine
Cyzicum
attigerunt, et, e navi egressi, a rege illius regionis
Paucas horas ibi commorati, ad solis occasum rursus solverunt at, postquam pauca millia passuum progressi sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut cursum tenere non possent, et in eandem partem insulae, unde nuper
hospitio excepti sunt.
:
profecti erant,
tamen,
et,
magno cum periciilo dejicerentur. Incolae quum nox esset obscura, Argonautas non agnoscebant,
venisse arbitrati,
navem inimicam
qui
egredi prohibebant.
ipse,
Acriter in litore
arma rapuerunt, pugnatum est,
et eos et rex
est.
cum
aliis
decucurrerat, ab Argonautis occisus

dilucesceret,
:
Mox
tamen,
quum jam
senserunt incolae se
errare, et arma abjecerunt Argonautae autem, quum viderent regem occisum esse, magnum dolorem perceperunt.
^S
[rx. iii.
83.
THE LOSS OF HYLAS,

tranquillitas
Postridie ejus diei Jason, tempestatem satis idoneam esse

arbitratus
(summa enim
et
jam consecuta
erat),
pauca millia passuum progressus, ante noctem' Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucas horas in ancoris exspectavit ; a nautis enim cognoverat aquae copiam, quam secum haberent, jam deficere quam ob causam quidam ex Argonautis, in terram egressi, aquam quaerebant. Horum in numero erat Hylas quidam, puer forma praestantissima qui, dum fontem quaerit, a comitibus paulum secesserat. Nymphae autem, quae fontem colebant, quum juvenem vidissent, ei persuadere conatae sunt, ut secum maneret ; et quum ille negaret se hoc facturum esse, puerum vi abstulerunt. Comites ejus, postquam Hylam amissum esse senserunt, magno dolore affecti, diu frustra quaerebant Hercules autem et Polyphemus, qui vestigia pueri longius secuti erant, ubi tandem ad litus redierunt, Jasonem solvisse cognoverunt
ancoras
sustiilit,
:
:
84.
DINING MADE DIFFICULT,

et,
Post haec Argonautae ad Thraciam cursum tenuerunt, postquam ad oppidum Salmydessum navem appulerant,
terram egressi sunt.
Ibi
in
quum
ab incolis quaesissent, quis
regnum ejus regionis obtineret, certiores facti sunt Phineum quendam tum regem esse. Cognoverunt etiam hunc caecum esse et diro quodam supplicio affici, quod olim se crudefilios suos praebuisset. Cujus supplicii hoc erat Missa erant a Jove monstra quaedam, specie horribili, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum habebant. Hae volucres, quae Harpyiae appellabantur, Phineo summam molestiam afFerebant ; quoties enim ille accubuerat, veniebant et cibum appositum statim auferebant. Quae quum ita essent, baud multum abfuit quin Phineus fame moreretur
lissimum in
genus.
PT. III.]
The Argonauts.
59
85.
THE HARPIES BEATEN,
Ees
igitur in hoc loco erant,
appulerunt.
quum Argonautae navem Phineus autem, simul atque audivit eos in suos
Sciebat enim, magnopere gavisus est. virtutis Argonautae haberent, nee dubiNuntium igitur ad navem tabat quin sibi auxilium ferrent. E6 quum misit, qui Jasonem sociosque ad regiam vocaret.
fines egressos esse,
quantam opinionem
venissent, Phineus demonstravit, quanto in periculo suae res

essent, et promisit se
magna praemia daturum
esse, si
illi
remedium
ceperunt,
ac cena
reperissent.
et,
Argonautae negotium libenter
sus-
ubi hora venit,

est,
apposita
auferre
cibum
cum rege accubuerunt \ at simul Harpyiae cenaculum intraverunt, et Argonautae primum ensibus conabantur.
volucres petierunt;
quum tamen
viderent hoc nihil prodesse,

aera se sublevavesensissent
Zetus et Calais, qui

runt, ut desuper
alis instructi sunt, in
impetum
facerent.
Quod quum
Harpyae,
postea
rei novitate perterritae,
statim aufugerunt, neque
unquam
redierunt.
86.
THE SYMPLEGADES.
*
[See General
Note
20,
on Ablative Absolute.]
Hoc
posset.
facto,
Phineus, ut pro tanto beneficio meritas gratias
referret, Jasoni demonstravit,
qua ratione Symplegades vitare Symplegades autem duae erant rupes ingenti magnitudine, quae a Jove positae erant eo consilio, ne quis ad Colchida perveniret. Hae parvo intervallo in mari natabant
et, si
quid in
medium spatium
venerat, incredibili celeritate
60
[pt. hi.
concurrebant. Postquam igitur a Phineo doctus est quid faciendum esset, Jason, sublatis ancoris navem solvit, et leni vento provectus, mox ad Symplegades appropinquavit turn in prora stans columbam, quam in manu tenebat, emisit.
Ilia
recta via per
medium spatium
;
volavit, et,
priusquam
rupes conflixerunt, incolumis evasit, cauda tantum amissa.
Tum
rupes utrinque discesserunt
antequam tamen rursus
Argonautae, bene intelligentes omnem spem salutis in celeritate positam esse, summa vi remis contenderunt, et navem incolumem perduxerunt. Hoc facto, dis
concurrerent,
gratias
libenter
:
egerunt,
quorum
auxilio e
tanto periculo
erepti essent
bene enim sciebant non sine auxilio deorum
rem
ita feliciter evenisse.
87.
A HEA VY TASK.
Brevi intermisso spatio, Argonautae ad flumen Phasim

venerunt, quod in finibus Colchorum erat.
appulissent et in terram egressi
essent,
Ibi
quum navem
statim ad regem
Aeetem aureum
se contulerunt, et
sibi
traderetur.
Ille
ab eo postulaverunt, ut vellus quum audivisset, quam ob

ira
causam Argonautae venissent,

bat se vellus traditurum
esse.
commotus
est, et
diu negasciebat
Tandem tamen, quod

vellus
Jasonem non
sine auxilio
deorum hoc negotium

se
suscepisse,
si
mutata sententia, promisit

dixisset, se
fieri vellet
traditurum,
et,
Jason
labores duos difficilHmos prius perfecisset;
quum Jason
ad omnia pericula subeunda paratum esse, quid Primum jungendi erant duo tauri specie tum, his junctis, ager horribili, qui flammas ex ore edebant quidam arandus erat, et dentes draconis serendi. His auditis, Jason, etsi rem esse summi periculi intelligebat, tamen,
ostendit.
;
ne banc occasionem
suscepit.
rei
bene gerendae amitteret, negotium
FT. III.]
The Argonauts.
61
88.
THE MAGIC OINTMENT.
At Medea, regis filia, Jasonem adamavit, et, ubi audivit cum tantum periculum subiturum esse, rem aegre ferebat. Intellegebat enim patrem suum hunc laborem proposuisse eo Quae quum ita essent, ipso consilio, ut Jason moreretur. Medea (quae summam peritiam medicinae habebat) hoc consiMedia nocte clam patre ex urbe evasit ; et, postvenit, herbas quasdam carpsit ; tum, suco expresso, unguentum paravit, quod vi sua corpus aleret nervosque confirmaret. Hoc facto, Jasoni unguentum dedit praecepit autem, ut eo die, quo isti labores conficiendi essent, corpus suum et arma mane oblineret. Jason, etsi paene omnes magnitudine et viribus corporis antecellebat (vita enim omnis
lium
iniit.
quam
in
montes finitimos
in venationibus atque in studiis rei militaris constiterat), cen-
sebat tamen hoc consilium non negligendum esse.
89.
SOWING THE DRAGON'S TEETH,

quem rex ad arandum agrum
sociis
Ubi
is
dies venit,
edixerat,
ad locum constitutum se contiilit. Ibi stabulum ingens reperit, in quo tauri incltisi erant tum, portis apertis, tauros in lucem traxit, et summa cum difficulJason, orta luce,
:
cum
jugum imposuit. At Aeetes, quum videret tauros nihil Jasonem valere, magnopere miratus est; nesciebat enim filiam suam auxilium ei dedisse. Tum Jason, omnibus aspicientibus, agrum arare coepit qua in re tantam diligentiam praebuit, ut ante meridiem totum opus confecerit. Hoc
tate
contra
facto,
postulavit
ad locum, ubi rex sedebat, adiit, et dentes draconis quos ubi accepit, in agrum, quem araverat, magna
;
cum
diligentia sparsit.
talis ut, in
Horum autem dentium natura erat eo loco ubi insiti essent, viri armati miro quodam
mode
gignerentur.
62
[pt. hi.
90.
A STRANGE CROP.
:
Nondum tamen Jason totum opus confecerat imperaverat enim ei Aeetes, ut armatos viros, qui e dentibus gignerentur,
solus interficeret.
Postquam
igitur
omnes dentes
in
agrum
sparsit, Jason, lassitudine

viri isti gignerentur.
exanimatus, quieti se tradidit, dum Paucas horas dormiebat ; sub vesperum,
tamen, e somno subito excitatus, rem ita evenisse, ut praedictum erat, cognovit nam in omnibus agri partibus viri in:
genti magnitudine corporis, ensibus galeisque armati,

in
mirum
modum
e terra oriebantur.
Hoc
cognito, Jason consilium,
quod dederat Medea, non omittendum esse putabat ; saxum igitur ingens (ita enim praeceperat Medea) in medios viros conjecit. lUi undique ad locum concurrerunt, et quum quisque sibi id saxum (nescio cur) habere vellet, magna controMox, strictis ensibus, inter se pugnare versia orta est.
,
coeperunt,
et,
quum hoc modo
plurimi occisi essent, reliqui
vulneribus confecti a Jasone nuUo negotio interfecti sunt.

91.
FLIGHT OF MEDEA.
Jasonem laborem propositum commotus est intelligebat enim id
:
At rex
confecisse,
Aeetes, ubi cognovit

ira graviter
per dolum factum esse, nee dubitabat quin

ei tulisset.
Medea autem, quum

igitur
intelligSret se in
Medea auxilium magno fore
periculo,
si
in regia mansisset, fuga salutem petere constituit.
ad fugam paratis, media nocte, insciente Absyrto evasit, et quam celerrime ad locum, ubi Argo subducta erat, se contulit. Eo quum venisset, ad
Omnibus
patre,
cum
fratre
pedes Jasonis se projecit, et mulfcis
cum
lacrimis obsecravit
eum, ne in tanto discrimine mulierem desereret, quae ei lUe, quod memoria tenebat se per ejus tantum profuisset.
auxilium e magno periculo evasisse, libenter earn excepit,
et,
postquam causam veniendi

iram timeret.
sua avecturum.
ne patris Promisit autem, se quam primum earn in nave

audivit, hortatus
est,
PT. III.]
The Argonauts.
63
92.
SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE,

cum
sociis suis, orta luce,
Postridie ejus diei, Jason
navem
tempestatem idoneam nacti, ad eutn locum remis contenderunt, quo in loco Medea vellus celatum esse Eo quum venissent, Jason in terram egressus demonstravit.
deduxit,
at
est, et, sociis
ad mare
relictis,
qui praesidio navi essent, ipse
cum Medea
sum
in silvas
viam
cepit.
Pauca
erat
millia
passuum per
difficultatis
silvam progressus, vellus, quod quaerebat, ex arbore suspenvidit. Id tamen auferre res non modo enim locus ipse egregie
summae
terribili,
munitus arborem custodiebat. At Medea, quae, ut supra demonstravimus, artis medicae summam scientiam habuit, ramum, quem ex arbore proxima deripuerat, veneno infecit. Hoc facto, ad locum appropinquavit, et draconem, qui faucibus apertis adventum exspectabat, veneno sparsit proinde, dum draco somno oppressus dormit, Jason vellus aureum ex arbore deripuit, et
et natura et arte
erat,
sed etiam draco quidam, specie
cum Medea quam
celerrime
pcdem
retulit.
93.
BACK TO THE ARGO.
tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, qui ad mare relicti animo anxio reditum Jasonis exspectabant bene enim intelligebant, id negotium summi esse periculi. Postquam igitur ad occasum solis frustra exspectaverant, de ejus salute
erant,
:
Dum
desperare coeperunt, nee dubitabant quin aliqui casus accidisset.
Quae quum
ita essent,
at,
maturandum
sibi censuerunt,
ut auxilium duci ferrent:
dum
proficisci parant,
lumen
64
Consecutive Stories,
subito conspiciunt,
et
[pt. iil
quoddam
fulgens
:
mirum
in
modum
inter silvas re-
magnopere mirati quae causa
esset ejus rei, ad
locum concurrunt.
advenientibus
Quo quum
et
venissent, Jasoni et
vellus
occurrerunt,
Medeae aureum luminis ejus
causam esse cognoverunt. Omni timore sublato, magno cum gaudio ducem suum exceperunt, et dis gratias libenter retulerunt,
quod
res ita feliciter evenisset.
94.
PURSUED BY THE ANGRY FATHER,

gestis,
His rebus
derunt,
et,
omnes
sine
mora navem
rursus conscen-
sublatis ancoris,
prima
vigilia solverunt:
neque
enim
satis
tutum
esse arbitrati sunt, in eo loco manere.
At
rex Aeetes, qui jam ante inimico in eos fuerat animo, ubi cognovit, filiam suam non modo ad Argonautas se recepisse,
sed etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hoc dolore
gravius exarsit.
et,
Navem longam quam celerrime

rem
:
dedtici jussit,
militibus impositis, fugientes insectitus est.

in
Argonautae,
qui bene sciebant
discrimine esse, summis viribus

navis,
remis contendebant
progredi poterant.
quum tamen
ingenti esset magnitudine,
non eadem
celeritate,
qua vehebantur, qua Colchi,
Quae quum
ita essent,
minimum
abfuit
quin a Colchis sequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius At Medea, quum intererat quam quo telum adjici posset.
vidisset,
quo in loco res essent, paene omni spe deposita, infandum hoc consilium cepit.
FT. III.]
The Argonauts.
65
95.
A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT,
Erat in nave Argonautarum filius quidam regis Aeetae, nomine Absyrtus, quern, ut supra demonstravimus, Medea, ex urbe fugiens, secum abduxerat. Hunc puerum Medea constituit interficere, eo consilio ut, membris ejus in mare conpro certo enim sciebat, jectis, cursum Colchorum impediret Aeetem, quum membra filii vidisset, non longius prosecuturum esse neque opinio eam fef ellit omnia enim ita even: :
erunt, ut
vidit,
Medea
speraverat.
Aeetes, ubi
primum membra
:
ad ea colligenda navem statiii jussit dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, non intermisso remigandi labore, mox (quod necesse fuit) e conspectu hostium remoti sunt, neque
destiterunt
prius fugere
quam ad flumen Eridanum

animo demisso
per-
venerunt.
si
At
Aeetes, nihil sibi profuturum esse arbitratus,
longius progressus esset,
domum
revertit,
ut
filii
corpus ad sepulturam daret
96.
THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS.
venit,
post multa pericula, Jason in eundem locum perunde olim profectus erat. Tum e navi egressus ad regem Peliam (qui regnum adhuc obtinebat), statim se contiilit, et, vellere aureo monstrato, ab eo postulavit, ut regnum sibi traderetur Pelias enim pollicitus erat, si Jason vellus retulisset, se regnum ei traditurum. Postquam Jason, quid
:
Tandem
fieri
vellet,
ostendit, Pelias
primum
:
nihil respondit, sed diu
in
eadem
tristitia tacitus
permansit
" Vides
me
aetate
jam
esse conf ectum,
tandem ita locutus est. neque dubium est quin
dies supremus mihi adsit. Liceat igitur mihi, dum vivam, hoc regnum obtinere ; tum, postquam ego e vita discessero,
tu in
meum
locum venies."
Hac
ille
oratione adductus, Jason

rogasset.
respondit se id facturum, quod
66
97.
[pt.
iii.
BOILED MUTTON,
Medea rem aegre mortem regi
tulit et regni cupi-
His rebus
cognitis,
ditate adducta, constituit
per dolum
iiiferre.
Hoc
ad filias regis venit atque ita locuta est. "Videtis patrem vestrum aetate jam esse confectum neque Vultis-ne ad laborem regnandi perferendum satis valere.
constituto,
eum
responderunt.
rursus juvenem "
fieri."
Tum
fieri
filiae regis,
^
his auditis, ita
Num
hoc
?
potest
Quis enim
unquam
e sene juvenis factus est

artis
"
At Medea
respondit, " Scitis
me
medicae summam habere scientiam. Nunc igitur vobis demonstrabo quom6do haec res fieri possit." His dictis, quum
arietem, aetate
vas
jam confectum, interfecisset, membra ejus in aeneum posuit, et, igne supposito, aquae herbas quasdam Tum, dum aqua effervesceret, carmen magicum infudit.
cantabat.
Post breve tempus aries e vase exsiluit et viribus
refectis per agros currebat.
98. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT Dum filiae regis hoc miraculum stupentes intuentur, Medea
ita locuta est.
igitur, si vultis
id,
"Videtis quantum valeat ars medica.

ipsae
facietis.
Vos
patrem vestrum in adolescentiam reducere,
quod
;
feci,
Vos
patris
membra
His
in vas
conjicite
ego herbas magicas praebebo."
auditis, filiae
regis consilium,
quod dederat Medea, non omittendum putapatrem igitur Peliam necaverunt, et membra ejus in vas aeneum conjecerunt nihil enim dubitabant quin hoc maxime ei profuturum esset. At res omnino aliter evenit ac speraverant: Medea enim non easdem herbas dedit, quibus ipsa usa erat. Itaque, postquam diu frustra exspectaverunt, patrem suum re vera mortuum esse intellexerunt. His rebus
verunt
:
gestis,
Medea
sperabat, se
cum conjuge
:
suo regnum accep-
turam esse: at cives, quum intelligerent quomodo Pelias itaque, Jasone et periisset, tantum scelus aegre tulerunt Medea e regno expulsis, Acastum regem creaverunt.
PT. iii.J
The Argonauts.
99.
67
A FATAL GIFT.
Post haec Jason et Medea, e Thessalia expulsi, ad urbem Corinthum venerunt, cujus urbis Creon quidam regnum turn obtinebat. Erat autem Creonti filia una, nomine Glance ; quam
diare, eo consilio, ut
Jason constituit Medeam uxorem suam repuGlaucen in matrimonium duceret. At Medea, ubi intellexit quae ille in animo haberet, ira graviter commota, jurejurando confirmavit se tantam injuriam ultu-
quum
vidisset,
ram.
Hoc
igitur consilium cepit.
context am et variis coloribus tine tarn

infecit veneno, cujus vis
talis erat,
Vestem paravit summa arte banc diro quo dam

:
ut,
si
quis
eam vestem
facto,
induisset, corpus ejus quasi igne ureretur.
Hoc
vestem
Glaucae misit
induit.
ilia
autem,
nihil
mali
suspicans,
donum
statim
libenter accepit, et vestem
novam (more feminarum)
100.
FLIGHT OF MEDEA, AND DEATH OF JASON.
Vix vestem induerat Glauce, quum dolorem gravem per omnia membra sensit, et post paulum diro cruciatu affecta e vita excessit. His rebus gestis, Medea, furore atque amentia
impulsa,
filios
suos necavit
tum magnum
arbitrata, si in Thessalia maneret,

stituit.
sibi fore periculum ex ea regione fugere con-
Hoc
constituto,
Solem
oravit, ut in tanto periculo
auxilium
sibi praeberet.
Sol autem, his precibus commotus,
currum quendam misit, cui dracones, alis instructi, juncti erant. Medea non omittendam tantam occasionem arbitrata, currum conscendit, itaque per aera vecta, incolumis ad urbem Athenas pervenit. Jason autem post breve tempus miro modo occisus est. Ille enim (sive casu sive consilio deorum) sub umbra navis suae, quae in litus subducta erat, olim dormiebat. At navis, quae adhuc erecta steterat, in eam partem, ubi Jason jacebat, subito delapsa virum infelicem
oppressit.
68
[pt. iii.
ULYSSES.
Ulysses,
celebrated Greek
hero, took
a prominent part in
city,
the
his
long siege of Troy.

followers on his
After the fall of the
he
set out ivlth
homeward voyage
to Ithaca,
an island of which he
by northerly winds,
was king
but, being driven out of his course

to
he was compelled are supposed

to
touch at the country of the Lotus Eaters,
who
have lived on the north coast of Libya (Africa).
Some of
his
comrades were so delighted with the lotus fruit, that

compelled them
next came to the
they wished to remain in the country, but Ulysses

to
embark again, and continued his voyage.
He
island of Sicily,
and
fell into the
hands of
the giant
Polyphemus,
killed
one of the Cyclops.
After several of his comrades
had been
by the monster,
Ulysses
made
his escape by stratagem,
and next
reached the country of the Winds.
Here he
received the help of
Aeolus, king of the winds, and, having

within sight of Ithaca ; but, owing
the
set sail
again,
arrived
to the folly
of his companions,
winds became suddenly adverse, and they were again driven
back.
They then touched at an island occupied by
Circe,
powerful enchantress, ivho exercised her charms on the companions

of Ulysses, and turned them into swine.
By
the help of the
god
Mercury, Ulysses himself not only escaped this fate, but forced
Circe to restore her victims to
human
out,
shape.
After staying a year

his
with Circe,
home.
Ulysses again
set
and
eventually reached
PT. III.]
Ulysses.
69
101.
HOMEWARD BOUND,
Urbem Trojam
constat
:
a Graecis decern annos obsessam esse, satis
de hoc enim bello Homerus, maximus poetarum Graecorum, Iliadem, opus notissimum, scripsit. Troja tandem per insidias capta, Graeci, longo bello fessi, domum redire Omnibus igitur ad profectionem paratis maturaverunt. naves deduxerunt, et, tempestatem idoneam nacti, magno Erat inter primos Graecorum cum gaudio solverunt. Ulysses quidam, vir summae virtutis ac prudentiae, quem dicunt nonnulli dolum istum excogitasse, per quem Trojam captam esse constat. Hie regnum insulae Ithacae obtinuerat et, paulo ante-quam cum reliquis Graecis ad bellum profectus formosissimam nomine Penelopen in matriest, puellam
monium
quasi
in
duxerat.
exilio
Nunc
igitur,
consumpsisset,
quum jam decem annos magna cupidine patriae et
uxoris videndae ardebat.
102.
THE LOTUS EATERS,

millia
Postquam tamen pauca
passuum a
litore
est,
Trojae
progressi sunt, tanta tempestas
subito coorta
ut nulla
navium
cursum tenere posset, sed aliae alias in partes Navis autem, qua ipse Ulysses vehebatur, vi tempestatis ad meridiem delata, decimo die ad litus Libyae
disjicerentur.
appulsa
Ancoris jactis, Ulysses constituit nonnullos e est. terram exponere, qui aquam ad navem referrent, et Hi igitur e qualis esset natura ejus regionis cognoscerent. Dum tamen fontem navi egressi imperata facere parabant. quaerunt, quibusdam ex incolis obviam facti ab iis hospitio Accidit autem ut victus eorum hommum e accepti sunt. miro quodam fructu, quem lotum appellabant, paene omnino
sociis in
constaret.
Quem quum
statim
obliti, se
illo
Graeci gustassent, patriae et sociorum confirmaverunt semper in ea terra mansuros
ut dulci
cibo in aeternum vescerentur.
70
[pt. hi.
103.
THE LOTUS EATERS
{continued).
At
set,
Ulysses,
quum ab
hora septima ad vesperum exspectaspericulo versarentur,
veritus ne socii sui in
nonnuUos
quae causa esset morae, cognoscerent. Hi igitur in terram expositi ad vicum (qui non longe abfuit) se contulerunt qu6 quum venissent, socios suos quasi vino ebrios repererunt turn ubi causam veniendi docuerunt, ut se-cum ad navem redirent. iis persuadere conabantur,
e reliquis misit, ut,
:
:
lUi
tamen
resistere ac
clamitantes se
manu se defendere coeperunt, saepe nunquam ex eo loco abituros. Quae quum ita
cum omnibus,
ad Ulyssem redierunt. qui in nave
His rebus
relicti sunt,
essent, nuntii re infecta

cognitis, Ulysses ipse
ad locum venit
redirent,
et socios suos frustra hortatus, ut sponte sua

vinctis, invitos
manibus eorum post terga
ad navem
reportavit.
solvit.
Tum,
ancoris sublatis,
quam
celerrime e portu
104.
THE ONE-EYED GIANT

:
postquam totam noctem remis connavem appulerunt tum, quod nattiram ejus regionis ignorabat, ipse Ulysses cum duodecim e sociis in terram egressus, locum explorare constituit. Paulum a litore progressi, ad antrum ingens pervenerunt, quod habitari senserunt ejus enim introitum arte et manibus munitum esse animadverterunt. Mox, etsi intelligebant se quod non sine periculo id facturos, antrum intraverunt quum fecissent, magnam copiam lactis invenerunt in vasis Dum tamen mirantur quis eam sedem ingentibus conditam. incoleret, sonitum terribilem audiverunt, et, oculis ad portam versis, monstrum horribile viderunt, humana quidem specie Quum autem et figura, sed ingenti magnitudine corporis. animadvertissent, gigantem unum tantum ociilum habere in media fronte positum, intellexerunt hunc esse unum e Cyclopibus, de quibus famam jam acceperant.
Postridie ejus diei,
tenderant, ad terram ignotam
PT. III.]
Ulysses.
71
105.
Cyclopes
Sicilian! et
THE GIANTS SUPPER,

pastores
autem
erant
quidam,
qui
:
insulam
ibi
praecipue
montem Aetnam
incolebant
enim
Yulcanus, praeses fabrorum et ignis repertor, (cujus servi
Cyclopes erant) officinam suam habebat.

Graeci igitur, simul ac monstrum viderunt, terrore paene
exanimati in interiorem partem speluncae refugerunt, et se

ibi celare
conabantur.
Polyphemus autem
;
(ita
enim gigas
accendit.
sensisset
appellatus est) pecora sua in speluncam egit

ingenti portam obstruxisset,
tum quum saxo
Hoc
facto,
oculo
ignem in medio antro omnia perlustrabat, et, quum
homines in interiore parte antri celari, magna voce exclamavit. " Qui estis homines ? Mercatores an latrones % " Tum Ulysses respondit, se neque mercatores esse neque praedandi causa venisse sed, e Troja redeuntes, vi tempestatum a recto cursu depulsos esse oravit etiam ut sibi sine injuria abire liceret. Tum Polyphemus quaesivit, ubi esset navis, qua vecti essent; Ulysses autem, quum bene intelligeret sibi maxime praecavendum esse, respondit navem suam in rupes conjectam et omnino perfractam esse. Polyphemus autem, nullo dato responso, duo e sociis manu corripuit, et, membris eorum divulsis, carnem devorare coepit.
: :
106.
NO WA Y OF ESCAPE.
Graecorum animos tantus terror vocem quidem edere possent, sed, omni spe salutis deposita, mortem praesentem exspectarent. At Polyphemus, postquam fames hac tam horribili cena depulsa est, humi prostratus somno se dedit. Quod quum vidisset Ulysses, tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae non omittenhaec geruntur,
occupavit, ut ne
Dum
dam
arbitratus, in eo erat ut pectus
monstri gladio trans-
72
[pt. hi.
figSret.
Quum tamen
nihil
temere agendum existimaret,

faceret,
constituit explorare,
antequam hoc
qua ratione ex
animadvertisset,
antro evadere possent.
At quum saxum
profuturum intellexit, Tanta enim erat ejus saxi magnitudo, ut ne a decem quidem hominibus amoveri posset. Quae quum ita essent, Ulysses hoc destitit conatu, et ad socios rediit ; qui, quum intellexissent, quo in loco res essent, nulla spe salutis oblata, de fortunis suis desperare coeperunt. lUe tamen, ne animos demitterent, vehementer hortatus est demonstravit se jam antea e multis et magnis periculis evasisse, neque dubium esse quin in tanto discrimine dii auxilium
introitus obstructus erat, nihil sibi
interfecisset.
si
quo
Polyphemum
allaturi essent.
107.
A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE.
Polyphemus jam e somno excitatus idem quod correptis enim duobus e reliquis viris, ; Tum, quum saxum carnem eorum sine mora devoravit. amovisset, ipse cum pecore suo ex antro progressus est quod quum viderent Graeci magnam in spem venerunt, se Mox tamen ab hac spe repulsi sunt post paulum evasuros. nam Polyphemus, postquam omnes oves exierunt, saxum in locum restituit. Reliqui, omni spe salutis deposita, lamentis
Orta
luce,
hesterno die fecit
lacrimisque
se
dediderunt
Ulysses
vero
qui
(ut
supra
infcelli-
demonstravimus), vir magni fuit

gebat rem in discrimine
silium.
esse,
consilii,
etsi
bene
nondum omnino
cogitavit,
desperabat.
Tandem, postquam diu toto animo

delegit
:
hoc cepit con-
E lignis quae in antro reposita sunt, palum magnum hunc summa cum diligentia praeacutum fecit ; tum postquam sociis, quid fieri vellet, ostendit, reditum Polyphemi
exspectabat.
PT. in.j
Ulysses.
73
108.
A GLASS TOO MUCH.

rediit, et
Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad antrum
eodem
modo quo antea cenavit. Tum Ulysses utrem vini prompsit, quam forte (ut in talibus rebus accidere consuevit), secum attulerat, et, postquam magnam crateram vino replevit,
Polyphemus, qui nungigantem ad bibendum provocavit. quam antea vinum gustaverat, totam crateram statim hausit quod quum fecisset, tantam voluptatem percepit, ut iterum Tum quum quaesivisset et tertium crateram repleri jusserit.
quo nomine Ulysses appellaretur, ille respondit se Neminem appellari quod quum audivisset, Polyphemus ita locutus est, " Hanc tibi gratiam pro tanto beneficio ref eram ; te ultimum omnium devorabo." His dictis, cibo vinoque gravatus recubuit Tum Ulysses et post breve tempus somno oppressus est. sociis convocatis, " Habemus," inquit, " quam petiimus facultatem ne igitur tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae omit:
tamus."
109.
NOBODY.
postquam extremum palum igne oculum Polyphemi, dum dormit, flagrante ligno transfodit quo facto, omnes in diversas speluncae partes se abdiderunt. At ille, subito illo dolore, quod necesse fuit, e somno excitatus, clamorem terribilem sustulit, et, dum per speluncam errat, Ulyssi manum injicere conabatur: quum tamen jam omnino caecus essefc, nullo modo hoc efficere potuit. Interea reliqui Cyclopes, clamore audito, undique ad speluncam
oratione habita,
calefecit,
:
Hac
74
[pt. hi.
convenerunt,
et,
ageret, quaesiverunt, et
sustulisset.
Ille
ad introitum adstantes, quid Polyphemus quam ob causam tantum clamorem respondit se graviter vulneratum esse, et
:
magno
ei
dolore
affici
vim
intulisset, respondit ille,
quum tamen ceteri Neminem

"
quaesivissent, quis
id fecisse
quibus
auditis,
unus
e Cyclopibus,
At
si
nemo," inquit, " te vul-
neravit,
resistere nee
hand dubium est quin consilio deorum (quibus possumus nee volumus), hoc supplicio afficiaris."
abierunt Cyclopes,
His
dictis,
eum
in
insaniam
incidisse
arbitrati.
110.
ESCAPE,
At Polyphemus,
ubi socios suos abiisse sensit, furore atque

:
amentia impulsus, Ulyssem iterum quaerere coepit tandem quum portam invenisset, saxum, quo obstructa erat, amovit,
ut pecus ad agros exiret.
Tum
ipse in introitu sedit,
et,
ut
quaeque ovis ad locum venerat, tergum ejus manibus tractabat, ne viri inter oves exire possent. Quod quum animadvertisset Ulysses, hoc iniit consilium ; bene enim intellexit omnem spem salutis in dolo magis quam in virttite poni. Primum quas quum tres, quas vidit pinguissimas, ex ovibus delegit
:
inter se
viminibus connexuisset,
ferentes ad
unum
:
sociorum ventribus
deinde oves homi-
earum
ita subjecit,
ut omnino lateret
nem secum
suspicatus erat.
portam egit. Id accidit, quod fore Polyphemus enim, postquam manus tergis
earum imposuit, oves praeterire passus est. Ulysses, ubi rem omnes suos socios ex ordine eodem modo emisit ; quo facto, ipse ultimus evasit.
ita feliciter evenisse vidit,
PT. III.]
Ulysses.
75
111.
OUT OF DANGER,
Ulysses
His rebus
contendit
relicti
ita confectis,
ne Polyphemus fraudem sentiret,

:
cum sociis, maxime veritus quam celerrime ad litus

iis,
quo quum venissent, ab
qui navi praesidio
magna cum laetitia accepti sunt. Hi enim, quum animis anxiis jam tres dies reditum eorum in horas
erant,
exspectavissent, eos in periculum grave incidisse
(id
quod
erat) suspicati, ipsi auxiliandi causa egredi parabant.
Tum
Ulysses,
non
satis
tutum
esse
arbitratus,
si
in
eo loco
maneret,
litore in
quam
celerrime proficisci constituit.

et,
Jussit igitur
omnes navem conscendere,
ancoris
sublatis,
paulum a
altum provectus est. Tum magna voce exclamavit, " Tu, Polypheme, qui jura hospitii spernis, justam et debitam poenam immanitatis tuae solvisti." Hac voce audita, Polyphemus, ira vehementer commotus, ad mare se contiilit, et,
ubi intellexit
ingens
venire
manu correptum
sensit.
navem paulum a litore remotam esse, saxum in eam partem conjecit, unde vocem Graeci autem (etsi minimum abfuit quin
submergerentur), nullo accepto damno, cursum tenuerunt.
112.
THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS,
insiilam
Pauca millia passuum ab eo loco progressus, Ulysses ad quandam, nomine Aeoliam, navem appulit. Haec patria erat Ventorum.
" Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
Imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat."

Ibi rex ipse Graecos hospitio accepit, atque
iis
persuasit, ut
ad recuperandas vires paucos dies in ea regione commorarentur. Septimo die, quum socii e laboribus se recepissent,
76
[pt. hi.
Ulysses, ne anni tempore a navigatione

sine
excluderetur,
sibi
mora proficiscendum statuit. Turn Aeolus, qui bene sciebat eum maxime cupidum esse patriae videndae, Ulyssi jam profecturo magnum dedit saccum e corio confectum, in quo ventos omnes praeter unum incluserat. Zephyrum tantum praetermiserat, quod ilium ventum ad Ithacam navigando idoneum esse sciebat. Ulysses hoc donum libenter
accepit,
et,
gratiis
pro tanto beneficio
relatis,
saccum ad
malum
ligavit.
Tum, omnibus
ad
profectionem paratis,
meridian fere tempore e portu
solvit.
113.
THE wind-bag,
Novem dies vento secundissimo cur sum tenuerunt: jamque in conspectum patriae suae venerant, quum Ulysses lassitudine confectus (ipse enim manu sua gubernabat) ad At socii, qui jamdudum quietem capiendam recubuit. mirabantur, quid in illo sacco inclusum esset, quum viderent ducem somno oppressum esse, tantam occasionem non omittendam arbitrati sunt credebant enim aurum et argentum
:
ibi celari.
Itaque, spe lucri adducti, saccum sine

facto, venti,
mora
solve-
runt
quo
" Velut agmine facto
Qua data porta ruunt
et terras turbine perflant."
Extemplo tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut illi cursum tenere non possent, sed in eandem partem, unde erant proUlysses, e somno excitatus, quo in loco fecti, referrentur. res esset statim intellexit: saccum solutum, Ithacam post tergum relictam vidit tum vero maxime indignatione exarsit, sociosque objurgabat, quod, cupiditate pecuniae adducti, spem
:
patriae videndae proiecissent.
PT. III.]
Ulysses.
77
114.
DRA WING L
filia
TS,
Brevi intermisso spatio,

pinquaverunt,
Graeci insulae cuidam

Solis, incolebat.
appro-
quam
Circe,
Ibi
quum
navem
appulisset, Ulysses in terrain frumentandi causa egre-
diendum
esse statuit ; cognoverat enim frumentum, quod in nave haberent, jam deficere. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis, quo in loco res esset et quid fieri vellet, ostendit. Quum tamen omnes in memoria tenerent, quam crudeli morte occubuissent
ii
qui nuper in patriam
Cyclopum
egressi essent,
nemo
reper-
tus est, qui hoc
negotium suscipere vellet. Quae quum ita Tandem Ulysses, essent, res ad controversiam deducta est. consensu omnium, socios in duas partes divisit, quarum alteri
Eurylochus, vir
summae
virtutis, alteri ipse praeesset
turn hi
duo
inter se sortiti sunt, uter in terram egrederetur.
Hoc
sociis
facto,
Eurylocho sorte evenit, ut cum duobus et viginti
rem
susciperet.
115.
THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS.

ita constitutis,
ii,
His rebus
qui sorte ducti erant, in interio-
Tantus tamen timor rem partem insulae profecti sunt. animos eorum occupaverat, ut nihil dubitarent quin morti obviam irent vix quidem poterant ii, qui in nave relicti erant, lacrimas tenere: credebant enim se socios suos nunquam iterum vistiros. Illi autem aliquantum itineris progressi, ad villam quandam pervenerunt, summa magnificentia
:
aedificatam
cujus ad ostium
quum
adiissent,
carmen
dulcissi-
mum
nullo
audiverunt.
Tanta autem
fuit ejus vocis dulcedo, ut
modo
retineri possent quin
januam
pulsarent.
Hoc
78
[pt. in.
facto, ipsa Circe f oras exiit, et
summa cum
at
benignitate
omnes
in hospitium invitavit.
catus,
foris
Eurylochus insidias comparari suspiconstituit:

reliqui,
rei
exspectare
novitate
magnificum invenerunt omnibus rebus instructum; et jussu dominae libentissime accubuerunt. At Circe vinum, quod servi apposuerunt, medicamento quodam miscuerat quod quum illi bibissent, gravi
adducti,
intraverunt.
Convivium
sopore subito oppressi sunt.
lie.
MEN
TO PIGS,
Tum
omnes
Circe,
quae
artis
magicae
summam
eorum
peritiam habebat,
tetigit
:
baculo aureo,
quem
gerebat, capita
quo
facto,
in porcos subito conversi sunt.
Interea Eurylochus
ignarus, quid in aedibus ageretur, ad ostium sedebat; post-
quam tamen ad
taverat, solus
solis occasum anxio animo et sollicito exspecad navem regredi constituit. Eo quum venisset, anxietate ac timore ita perturbatus fuit ut, quae vidisset, vix
lucide narrare posset.
At Ulysses
satis intellexit, socios suos
in periculo versari, et, gladio correpto, Eurylocho imperavit,
ut sine mora viam ad istam

multis
in
domum
monstraret.
lUe tamen
coepit,
cum
lacrimis
Ulyssem complexus, obsecrare

se
ne
ei
tantum periculum
committeret:
in
Si
quid gravius
accidisset
omnium
saltitem
summo
discrimine futuram.
Ulysses autem respondit, se

:
neminem invitum secum adducse ipsum ei licere, si mallet, in nave manere turum Hoc quum magna voce sine uUo auxilio rem suscepturum. dixisset, e navi desiluit, et, nullo sequente, solus in viam
:
se dedit.
PT. III.]
Ulysses.
79
117.
THE COUNTER CHARM,

progressus,
ociilis
Aliquantum
pervenit,
statuit
:
itineris
ad
villain
magnificam
quam quum
intellexit
perlustrasset,
statim intrare
eandem, de qua Euryin eo esset ut limen transiret, subito obviam ei stetit adolescens forma pulcherrima, aureum baciilum manu gerens. Hie Ulyssem jam
esse
enim banc
lochus mentionem fecisset.
At quum
domum
"
intrantem
scis
manu
corripuit
et,
"
Quo
ruis
" inquit,
Nonne
tui,
banc esse Circes
domum %
Hie
ineltisi
sunt
Num vis ex bumana speeie in poreos eonversi. ipse in eandem calamitatem venire ? " Ulysses simul ae voeem
amiei
audivit
deum Mercurium
consilio
agnovit
nullis
;
instituto
sensisset,
deterreri
potuit
tamen preeibus ab quod quum Mereurius
maxime
valere dicebat.
te baeiilo
berbam quandam ei dedit, quam contra carmina " Hanc cape," inquit, " et ubi Circe tetigerit, tu, strieto gladio, impetum in earn vide
His
dietis
(ut) facias."
Mereurius
"Mortales visus medio sermone reliquit^ Et procul in tenuem ex ociilis evanuit auram."
118.
THE ENCHANTRESS FOILED.
Brevi intermisso spatio, Ulysses, ad omnia pericula sub-
eunda paratus, ostium

Circe benigne exceptus
facta
sunt.
pulsavit, et, foribus patefactis

est.
ab ipsa
Omnia eodem modo atque antea

eibo
Cenam
est.
magnifice instructam vidit, et accumb-
ere
jussus
Mox, ubi fames
depulsa
est,
Circe
pociilum aureum vino repletum Ulyssi dedit.
Ille, etsi sus-
80
venenum
[pt. hi.
picatus est
quo
facto, Circe,
est,
sibi paratum esse, pociilum exhausit postquam caput ejus baculo tetigit, ea verba
locuta
quibus socios ejus antea in porcos converterat.
Res tamen omnino aliter evenit atque ilia speraverat. Tanta enim vis erat ejus herbae quam dederat Mercurius, ut neque venenum neque verba quidquam efiicere possent. Ulysses autern, sicut jusserat Mercurius, gladio stricto, impetum in
earn fecit, et
sisset
mortem
minitabatur.
Tum
Circe,
quum
sen-
artem suam nihil valere, multis cum lacrimis eum obsecrare coepit, ne vitam adimeret.
119.
PIGS TO MEN,
Ulysses autem, ubi sensit

postulavit, ut socios sine
eam timore perterritam esse, mora in humanam speciem reduce-
enim factus erat a deo Mercurio eos in porcos nisi id factum esset, ostendit se debitas At Circe, his rebus graviter commota, poenas sumpturum. ad pedes ejus se projecit, et multis cum lacrimis jurejurando confirmavit se, quae ille imperasset, omnia f acturam
ret (certior
converses esse)
tum
sunt,
porcos in atrium immitti jussit.
Illi,
dato signo, irru-
erunt, et,
quum ducem suum agnovissent, magno dolore affecti
quod nullo modo potuerunt eum de rebus suis certiorem facere. Circe tamen unguento quodam corpora eorum unxit ; quo facto, omnes post breve tempus in speciem
humanam
agnovit, et
redditi sunt.
Magno cum gaudio

litus misit,
Illi
Ulysses amicos
nuntium ad
Circeam
qui reliquis Graecis socios
receptos esse diceret.
autem, his rebus cognitis, statim
ad
domum
se
contulerunt;
quo quum venissent

*
omnes universi
laetitiae se dediderunt.
PT. III.]
Ulysses.
81
120.
AFLOAT AGAIN.
quam
Postridie ejus diei, Ulysses in animo habebat ex insula Circe tamen, quum haec cognocelerrime discedere
:
ex odio ad amorem conversa, omnibus precibus eum orare et obtestari coepit, ut paucos dies apud se moraretur et, hoc tandem impetrato, tanta beneficia in eum contiilit ut Postquam tamen facile ei persuasum sit, ut diutius maneret. totum annum apud Circen consumpserat, Ulysses magno Sociis igitur ad desiderio patriae suae videndae motus est.
visset,
se convocatis,
ad
litus descendit,
quid in animo haberet ostendit. navem suam tempestatibus
Ubi tamen
ita
afflictam
ad navigandum paene inutilis esset. Hac re cognita, omnia, quae ad naves reficiendas usui sunt, comparari jussit: qua in re tantam diligentiam omnes praebebant, ut ante tertium diem opus confecerint. At Circe, ubi vidit
invenit,
ut
omnia ad profectionem parata esse, rem aegre Ulyssem vehem enter obsecrabat, ut eo consilio
Ille
ferebat, et
desisteret.
tamen, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur maturandum sibi existimavit, et, tempestatem idoneam nactus navem solvit. Multa quidem pericula Ulyssi subeunda erant
loco
antequam in patriam suam perveniret longum est perscribere.
quae tamen in hoc
GENERAL NOTES.
[The initial numbers 1-20 do not refer
1.
to the sections
in the
text.']
The Subject.
The Subject
1.
of a Latin sentence
may be
:
2.
The Pronoun contained in the verb vocabat=^he was calling.' Separately expressed by a Noun (or equivalent) in the Nominative case
:
regina vocat^HhO) queen calls';
nos vocamus = *
we
call.'
Rule.
The Verb agrees with

Tu
its
;
Subject in number and person

pueri vocant (3d person plur.).
vocas (2d person sing.)
Therefore,
case,
if there is no noun (or equivalent) in the nominative and of the same number and person as the verb, the subject
must be contained
2.
in the verb.
The Object.
If the verb
is
Transitive
is
it
may have an
stand before
Object (Noun or equiva-
lent).
The Object
s.
in the Accusative case,

it
and must be translated
after the verb,
though
o.
may
V.
it
in the Latin,
Bex servum misit

3.
the king sent a slave.'
Distinction of Subject and Object.

The Nominative and the Accusative are alike in 1. Both Singular and Plural of Neuter nouns of any 2. The Plural of Masculine and Feminine nouns
5th declension.
declension.
of^ 4th, and ^
84
General Notes.
their
Subject or Object.
(a)
Such nouns do not therefore show by Thus
form whether they are
Donum
misimus. Here donum does not show by its form whether it is nominative or accusative ; but the verb is 1st plural, while donum is 3d singular. Donum cannot therefore be the subject, and must be the object
(accusative).
(h)
Bex donum misit. Bex can only be nominative ; donum must be accusative.
Beges servos mittunt
reges
therefore
(c)
Beges might be either nominative
or accusative, but servos can only be accusative; therefore
\<
^
(d)
Beges dona mittunt.
must be nominative. Both

;
reges
nominative or accusative
the sense will decide.
and dona might be either _--
4.
The Subjective Complement.

Some
Intransitive Verbs require the addition of another
word
to
complete the sense of the sentence.

tive
This word
is
called the Subjec-
Complement.
It
may be
is
*
agrees with the Subject.

principal Copulative verb
s.
either a noun or an adjective, and Such verbs are called Copulative. The
Sum
'
v.c. s.c.
est rex,
s,
v.c.
s.c.
Bomulus
remember that
1.
Fuellae sunt pulchrae,

is
In translating a sentence where the verb
any part of Sum,
If there are
the Complement, and

s.
two nominative words, one of them must be taken after the verb
:
is
(generally)
c.
Begina bona
est
the queen
is
good
'
not
the good queen
is.*
2. If there is only one nominative word, either (a) this must be taken as the Complement, and the Subject is contained in the Verb thus, timidus est = ' he is timid or (6) the verb is not used
;
'
copulatively
place.'
'
there
is,'
there are,'
etc.
est
locus
there
is
85
General Notes.
5.
The Objective Complement.

Some
Transitive Verbs require the addition of another word besides
the Object to complete the sense.
This word
is
called the Objective
Complement.
the Object.
It
may be
a noun or an adjective, and agrees with
calling,'
Such verbs are called and thinking

*
Factitive.
'
They generally denote

^
making/
Creaverunt
Bomulum
v.c.
regem they made Romulus king.'

:
[N.B.
Factitive Verbs become Copulative in the Passive Voice

s.
s.c.
Romulus
6.
creatus
est
reic=*
Romulus was made
king.']
Adjectives.
Rule. Adjectives agree in Gender, Number, and Case with the noun which they qualify. Adjectives are commonly placed after their nouns, but in translating they must be taken first. Remember that Adjectives do not always show the same ending as Thus the noun with which they agree.
Begin-ae hon-ae, but Nav-es long-ae.
Ohs, Adjectives are often
used substantively
*
i.e,
there
is
no noun
expressed with which they can agree.

If the adjective is masculine, supply
*man' or men.
'
feminine,
neuter,
; '
woman
'
or
*
'
women.'
thing' or
things.'
Thus
boni = ' good,

hie
this
men mulia==^ many things.' man = he ille = that man =

'
'
'
he.'
When
thus
:
hie is contrasted with
ille,
they
may
often be translated
hie
the latter '
ille
the former.'
7.
Apposition.
The person
or thing denoted
by one noun
first
is
often described
by
another noun, which agrees with the

in Apposition with it
in Case,
and
is
said to be
Caesar f vir fortissimusy Gallos vieit

86
General Notes.
8.
The Accusative.
The Accusative
(a)
is
most commonly used as the case of the
Object to a Transitive
lion.'
Verb
timet leonem
he fears the
(h)
Objective
Complement
to a Factitive
Verb
Herculem impera:
torem creaverunt = ^ they made H. general.'

(c)
(d)
To denote Duration of Time {i.e. how long) tres haras mansit='he remained three hours.' To denote Measure of Space tria millia passuum contendii = he went three miles.'
:
(e)
After prepositions^ as in, ad, propter, [N. B.-^See Note 12, on * Place.']
ob, etc.
(/)
As
the case of the Subject to an Infinitive (see note
17).
9.
The Genitive.
The Genitive may generally be translated by using the preposition *of.'
The Genitive
(a)
is
most commonly used

:
to denote
The possessor or author Begis uxor =' the wife of the king,' or the king's wife.' [N.B. Ejus, the genitive singular of is, ea, id=^ oi him,' of
*
her,'
*
'
of
it,'
=
*
his,'
her,'
its
'
eorum, genitive plural

* *
of them/
-a,
their.'
-um, a possessive adjective, also means his,' her,' * its,' * their.' Observe, however, that Suus means belonging to the person or thing denoted by the subject ; ejus, belonging to some person or thing not
Suus,
denoted by the subject.

Hercules filium
Thus
*
suum occidit = H.
Bl.
killed his (own) son.'

killed
his (anothei
Hercules filium ejus occidit =^ ^ man's) son.']

{b)
Genitive of Quality (always with an epithet)
Vir summi consilii=^ a

(c)
man
:
of great prudence.*
Genitive of thing distributed
Multi nostrorum captisunt=*msi,njoi our men were taken.*
General Notes.
(d) Genitive
87
of thing measured
Aliquantum pecuniae
money.'
(e)
somewhat
of
money'
= 'some
Objective genitive
Spes salutis = ' the hope of safety.'
10.
The Dative.
The Dative may generally be translated by using the prepositions

*to' or 'for';
Servo pecunia/m dedi=

(a)
I gave
money
*
to the slave.'
Some Latin
verbs, however, are followed
by a Dative, which
'
must generally be translated without
to
or
'
for '
Imperavit Herculi=^^he commanded Hercules.'

Credo (believe), nubo (marry), parco (spare), pareo (obey),
suadeo
(heal),
(persuade), placeo
resisto
(resist),
(please),
noceo
(hurt),
medeor
(envy),
ignosco
(pardon), invideo
succurro
(succour), faveo
(favour),
are
the
commonest
verbs of this kind.

(6)
Est, sunt, etc., with
a dative ='hsiYe^
is to
Est mihi equus=^ there
me a horse =
'
'
have a horse.'
So with the gerundive

(c)
(see
Note
19, i.).
Dative of Furpose
Erant praesidio
11.
ndw=* they
were
(for)
a guard to the ship.'
The Ablative.
is
The Ablative
(a)
most commonly used to denote
The Instrument
i.e.
the thing with which an action

es<
is
done
Gladio vulneratus
he was wounded with a sword.'
[N,B.
The person by whom an action is done is called the Agent, and when the verb is Passive the word denoting the Agent is put in the Ablative with the preposition
a, or ab,
thus
est
Vulneratus
(b)
a milite=^hQ was wounded by the soldier.']

with anger.'
Cause:
Pa W*(itts ira=' pale
88
General Notes.
Manner, generally with an epithet
(c)
Magna
(d) Quality,
celeritate currebat
= ^he
ran with great speed/
always with an epithet

specie
Monstrum
(e)
horrihili
monster
of
horrible
appearance.'
Time when
TeHm ôm=* at
[N.B.
the third hour.'
Time
how
long
'
is
expressed by the Accusative
Mansit
(/)
tres
horas * he stayed three hours.']
Certain Verbs govern an Ablative.

So, too, the Adjectives dignus
The commonest
(worthy
of),
are
utor (use), fruor (enjoy), fungor (perform), vescor

(content with), etc.
(g)
(eat).
contentus
The Ablative is used after certain etc. See Note 12, on Place.'
*
prepositions
ab, de, ex,
(h)
Ablative of the thing compared, omitting
quam
(than)
gold.
Ferrum auro
(i)
utilius esi=* iron is
more useful than
The Ablative Absolute.
See Note
20.
12. Place.
Place
*
whither,'
whence,' and
'
where,' is ordinarily indicated
by
prepositions, thus
*
Whither,'
i.e.
Motion
to
a place, in or ad with Accusative

place, ex with Ablative
venit
in urbem.
*
Whence,'
Where,'
i.e.
Motion from a
fugit ex
i.e.
Positiop at or in a place, in with Ablative
manet
in urbe.
But with names

expressed thus
*
of towns (not countries), small islands,
dcmus
is
(home), rus (country),
the preposition
is
omitted, and Place
Whither,'
i.e. i.e.
Whence,'
Motion to, Accusative only veiiit Bomam, Motion from, Ablative only fugit Bomd.
:
89
General Notes.
*
Where, i.e. Position at or in, Ablative, or (in Singular Nouns of : 1st and 2d Declension), Locative, Le, cases in -ae, -t, as follows
Sing.
Decl.
1st, -ae,
Plur.
Rom-ae
Corinth-i
nom. Roma.

Corinthiis.
-is,
-is,
Theb-i$ nom. Thebae.
2d,
3d,
-i,
Gahi-is
Gahii.
'e,-i.
Garthagin-e
So, (Zomi=* at
Garthago,
;
-ihuSy
Gad-ibus
Gades.
home*
ruri=^ in the country.*
13.
The
Infinitive.
used
such verbs as possum=^ I
thus
:
The
Infinitive is
(a) Frolatively, after
am
able
'
dicor
able
=
(6)
am
do
said,' etc.,
hoc facere possum =^*1

is
am
(can)
this'
dicitur fuisse=^ he
said to have been.'
Substantively, as Subject or Object
Hoc facere
(c)
difficile est
to
do
this is difficult.'
In Indirect Statements with Accusative of the Subjeot.
See
Note
14.
17.
Complex Sentence.
or
the place of a Noun, Adjectaken by a group of words which themselves admit of being analysed as a sentence containing Subject and Preditive,
A Complex Sentence is one in which

Adverb
is
cate.
Such a group of words
is
called a Clause.
Clauses are of three
kinds
L Substantival i.e.
Object
:
taking the place of Noun, as Subject or
these include
s.
V.T.
o.
(a) Indirect
Statement
We
S.
know
V.T.
that this
is true.
Note
17.
o.
(6)
Indirect
Command
He
begged that we would

O.
go.
Note
16, n. (6).
S.
V.T.
(c)
Indirect Question
know-not who he
is.
Note
16, iii.

90
General Notes.
Adjectival
'
II.
i.e.
qualifying a
Noun
(or equivalent) as a simple
adjective does
This
is
the letter (which you wrote).'
Note
15.
III.
Adverbial
i.e.
qualifying a Verb, Adjective, or Adverb, as
a simple Adverb does.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(/)
(g)
was so weak (that he fell). Note 16, ii. (a). (that they might see). Note 16, ii. (6). Causal He cried out (because he was hurt). Temporal (When he had said this) he went away. Note 16, L Conditional (If you had seen) you would have believed. Concessive (Though you are ^trong) you will not succeed. Comparative He cried out (as if he were hurt).
Consecutive
:
He
Final
They came
:
16. Relative.
The Relative Pronoun

Adjectival Clause,
i.e.
(qui,
quae,
quod who' masculine and

^
feminine, 'which' neuter, and

the principal sentence.
*that' all genders) introduces an
a dependent sentence qualifying some noun in
The noun so qualified is called the Antecedent, and the Relative agrees with its Antecedent in number, gender, and person, but not in case. The case of the Relative depends on the work it has to do in its own clause.
Example
Anteced. Relat.
Jffaec est epistola
(quam tu
o.
scripsisti),
s.
V.T.
This
is
the letter (which you wrote).

it is
Here quam
[N.B.
that
it
is
feminine singular to agree with epistola, but

its
accu-
sative, because it is the object to scripsisti.
Relative Clause usually stands after

is in
Antecedent, so
often interrupts the principal sentence.
Consequently, when
the Antecedent
nominative), the
the accusative (or any other case than the

it or on which it depends will See below, No. 10, 11, etc.]
word that governs
often be found after the clause.
91
General Notes.
Examples
1.
est.
2.
3. 4.
Vidi puerum, qui portam clausit. Haec est epistola, quae mihi data
Laudavit milites, quorum virtus magna erat. Epistola, quam tu scripsisti, mihi gratissima
Nuntii, quos misistis, nondura venerunt.
fuit.
5.
6. 7. 8.
Cicero, cujus libri notissimi sunt, ex urbe fugit.
Multi,
quorum
agri vastati sunt, in
oppidum venerunt.
est.
Servus, cui pecuniam dedisti, in itinere occisus
9.
10.
11. 12. 13.
arma capient. Urbem, quam diu obsederant, tandem ceperunt.

Omnes, quibus patria cara
est,
14. 15.
Pontem, quem nuper fecerat, rescindi jubet. Cum iis copiis, quas secum habuit, ad mare contendit. Hi omnium, qui Galliam incolunt, sunt fortissimL Bellum, quod tu suscepisti, ego confeci. Libertatem, quam accepimus, semper defendemus.
16. Interfectus est vir fortis, cujus pater

17. Oaptivos,
regnum
obtinuerat.
quorum magnus
fuit
numerus,
occidit.
Obs.
Qui
is
is
sometimes used co-ordinately,
i.e.
'who' = 'and
he.'
is
When
qui (Relative) stands after any stop except a comma, it generally best to resolve it, i.e. to break it up in this way. Thus
Qui=et
or
et hie,
quae=et ea or
et
haec, quod==et id or et hoc.

this,'
So quod quum fecissent=^ and when they had done
16.
The Subjunctive Mood.

is
The Subjunctive
I.
found
Jn clauses introduced by various conjunctions, of which the commonest are quum (* when,' * since '), and ut (* that '). Quum, When the clause begins with quum translate the Sub-
junctive like the Indicative
Ut
Quum haec dixisset, ahiit = when he had said this, he departed.' When the clause begins with ut, first see whether the principal
*
sentence contains the words 'so' or 'such' {tam,

(a)
tot,
tantus, etc.)
If it
does^ the ut clause is
Consecutive (showing the conse-

92
General Notes.
quence), and the Subjunctive must be translated like
Indicative,
Consecutive.
tlie
Tarn stultus
*
est,
ut nihil intdligat=^
He
is
so stupid that he understands nothing.'

is
(6)
If not, the ut clause

Indirect
either Final (indicating purpose) or an
in either case the Subjunctive may be translated with the English signs * may/ * might/ * should'
Command, and
or ut, together with the Subjunctive, the English infinitive.
may be
translated
by
Final.
Venerunt, ut viderent =
'They came l*'^'***'!^y"''Sht
V
see.'
to see.
Indirect
,
Command.
Militibus imperavit, ut curr6rent=

$ \
(
111. TT He commanded his men

used in
final clauses
that they should run.'

.
to run.'
N.B.
Ne
is
and
indirect
commands
instead
of ut non.
II.
In Indirect Questions (Note
14,
i.
(c)), i.e.
in clauses introduced
by Interrogative words
(as quis, quot, cur, etc.), the

:
Subjunctive
is
translated like the Indicative
Nescio quis sit=^l do not
know who
he
is.'
III.
Relative
(a)
The Subjunctive word
is
sometimes used in clauses introduced by a
When
*
the clause has really an adverbial force (usually Final),

:
and qui=ut, quod, etc. Misit legatos qui pacem peterent he sent legates who should pray for peace,^ or to pray for peace.^ Heie qui peterent=ut peterent.
*
.
(6)
When
the clause
is
Suboblique,
i.e.
dependent on an Indirect
translated like the
Statement.
Indicative.
The Subjunctive may be See Note 17, V.

General Notes.
17.
93
The Accusative with the

*
Infinitive.
The Accusative with the Infinitive' is the construction usually employed in Latin to express an Oblique or Indirect Statement. An Indirect Statement is a statement which stands either as object or Thus subject in a sentence.
Subj.
Verb.
Siibj.
Verb.
Servus
is
dormU=' the
slave sleeps,*
a direct statement, but

Subj. Verb.
Object.
Snbj.
Verb.
Object.
Puer
is
dicit
servum dormire=* the boy says
(that) the slave sleeps,'
a sentence containing an Indirect Statement (servum dormire) which stands as object to the verb dicit
The subject The verb
of the Indirect Statement (servum)
is
in the accusative.
(dormire)
infinitive.
To
translate this construction (which is
verbs of saying, thinhing, hearing, knowing,
most commonly found after etc.), put the English
word that before the subject

*
'
accusative as if
indicative.
it
accusative, then translate the subject were a nominative, and the verb as if it were
I.
If the principal verb is in a
primary
tense
(i.e.
present, perfect,
or future), the various tenses of the dependent infinitive will be

translated exactly like the
corresponding tenses of the indicative.
Thus
Dicit servos dormire
dormivisse
esse
dormituros Dicit urhem capi

[N.B.
captam captum
esse
iri
= = = = = =
he says that the slaves are sleeping.' have slept.'

will sleep.'
is
*he says that the city
being taken.'
has been taken.'

will be taken.'
Dmt=*he has said' or
dicet = ^he
will say,'
might be used
instead of dicit =^ he says,' in any of the above sentences, without altering the Latin or the English of the dependent clause.]

94
General Notes.
verb
is in
II. If the principal
an historic
tense
(i.e.
imperfect, aorist,
or pluperfect), the various tenses of the dependent infinitive will be
translated as follows
Dixit servos dormire

=
esse
*he said that the slaves were sleeping.'

dormivisse
dormituros
urhem capi captam captum
esse
iri
= = =
he
city
had slept.' would sleep.' was being taken.' had been taken.' would be taken.'
had
said,'
[N,B,
Dicehat=^^he was
dixit
saying,' or dixerat==^^he
said,'
might
be used instead of
or the English.]
'
without altering either the Latin

infinitive
Observe that the participles used in forming the future

active
and the perfect
infinitive
passive are declinable, and

;
must
agree with the subject in gender, number, and case
but the supine
used in forming the future infinitive passive

Dixit urhem captam
esse,
is indeclinable. iri.
Thus
but dixit urhem captum

esse is
[N,B.
In
the future infinitive active the
often omitted.
Thus
Scio Caesarem venturum.]
Examples
I.
Simple accusative and

1.
|
infinitive of intransitive
and passive verbs
2.
3.
4.
5.
Audimus multos hostium occisos esse. Omnes sciunt consulem ex urbe evaslsse. Constat Romam a Romulo conditam esse.
| |
Speramus
amicos nostros
|
mox
ventures
(esse).
Inveniebat ex captivis
Certior factus est
infinitive
|
urbem non procul
abesse.
6.
Gallos profectos esse.

object (or any
it
II.
The
other case the verb
may take an accusative of the may happen to govern) exactly as

Subj.
would
in the
Direct Statement
Obj.
Verb
trans.
1. 2.
Scio
imperatorem epistolam
|
scripsisse.
Certior factus est
Germanos Rhenum
fecisse.
transisse
3.
4.
Aequum
est
cives civibus parcere.

I
Nemo
credit
te
hoc
oenerai Notes.
III.
95
If the infinitive is a copulative verb, the
complement
will
be
in the accusative to agree with subject.

Subj. Compl. Copul. verb,
1.
Spero
te felicem
I |
futurum
esse.
2.
Intellexit
rem
|
difficillimam esse.
3. 4.
Constat
Quis nescit
solem terra majorem esse. Ciceronem oratorem fuisse

se,
IV. The reflexive pronoun

subject of the principal verb
1.
indirect statement, refers to the

:
when used as the subject of an same person as that indicated by the

esse.
Caesar dixit
*
se
venturum
(i.e.
Caesar said that he

|
Caesar) would come.'

esse.
else)
2.
Caesar dixit
*
eum venturum
Caesar said that he (somebody

|
would come.'
gessisse.
3. 4.
Negabant
se contra
|
Romanes bellum
(esse).
Caesar dixit
se eos
recepturum
V. relative clause contained in an indirect statement be Suhoblique, and the verb of such a clause is Subjunctive Dixit urbem (quae capta esset) incensam esse.
I
is
:
said to
Miscellaneous Examples
1.
Hi nuntiaverunt magnas
2. 3.
Ab
his cognoscit
copias undique coactas esse. non longe ex eo loco oppidum abesse.
Hostes se obsides daturos poUiciti sunt.

Cognoscit naves cursum tenere non potuisse.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Ex omnibus
partibus tela conjici animadvertit.
8.
9.
10.
1 1.
12. 13.
14.
15.
16.
Se paratos esse demonstrant ad omnia pericula. Ex hoc proelio nostros non esse inferiores intellexit. Suspicati sunt Britanni nostros hue ventures. Belgas a Germanis ortos esse reperiebat. Magnam partem exercitus periisse demonstrat. Constituerunt igitur nihil temere agendum esse. Satis intelligebat rem esse magni periculi. Cato censebat Carthaginem delendam esse. Animadvertit magnas copias hostium instructas esse. In Uteris scribit se cum legionibus celeriter venturum. Cognoscit non decimum quemque reliquum esse sine vulnere.

96
General Notes.
Gerunds.
18.
The Gerunds are the oblique cases (i.e. accusative, genitive, dativo, and ablative) of a verbal noun, the infinitive supplying the nominative. The verbal noun may be declined thus
:
Nom.
Ace.
scrihere
scrihendum
scrihendi
= =
=
'writing' or
'writing,'
Ho
write
';
used as subject. used after prepositions.
Gen.
'of writing,*
used
after
nouns
ars,
such as amor,
causa, etc.
Dat.
scribendo
= Ho
'
or
'
for writing^'
used after verbs and

adjectives govern-
ing dative.
AbL
scribendo
'by (with, etc.)
writing,'
used as ablative of cause, manner,

etc.,
or after pre-
positions.
Examples of Gerund Constructions

1.
Catisam veniendi docuit.
2.
3.
4.
Fugiendo salutem petiimus. Naves ad navigandum inutiles erant. Neutri transeundi initium faciunt.
19.
Gerundives.
The Gerundive is a verbal adjective ending in -ndus, -nda, -ndum, having (generally) a passive force. It has two main uses.
I.
The Gerundive
The Gerundive
;
in
Nominative
or
Accusative (without
pre-
positions),
(a)
IMPLIES MEETNESS, DUTY, Or NECESSlTr.

of intransitive verbs can only be used in the
{i.e.
neuter singular and impersonally

expressed)
e.g,
not in agreement with any noun
Pugnandum
(h)
i.e.
esi=' there
is
fighting to be done
'
'
one must
fight.'
The Gerundive
of transitive verbs
may be used
;
in agreement with a
noun expressed)
e.g.
attributively
Urhs munienda
est
'
the city
^^^^^\l
fortified,'

General Notes.
;'
97
Both these constructions admit of a dative noun, which indicates

the person on
whom
est
the duty or necessity lies
e.g.
Fugnandum
mihi
est
there
Urhs munienda
[N.B.
nobis
by me must fight.' the city must be fortified by us = we must fortify the city.'
is
fighting to be done
'
'
The
and
verbs
est,
sunt,
may become
erat,
erit,
sit,
erant,
erunt, sint, etc., as
may
be required.
In an Indirect Statement
(accusative
infinitive), est will of course
become
esse,
fuisse, etc.,
but
is
often omitted altogether.

est, erat,
In translating the Gerundive with

1.
observe
The Gerundive implies that the action indicated by the verb

done.
(if
is to be
2.
The dative noun The noun

(if
there is one) indicates
who
is to
do
the
action.
3.
there
is
one) with which the Gerundive agrees
indicates the person (or thing)

4.
upon
whom
the action is to be done.
be passive, but the sentence thus obtained should generally be turned into the corresponding active
literal translation will
The
form.
Thus
est no&^s = Hhere is dying to be done byus' = 'we must die.' Multa mihi facienda sunt =^ there are to me many things to be done = ' I must do many things = I have many things to do.'
Moriendum
'
'
Examples of Gerundive of Necessity

(a) Impersonal.
est
Currendum
;
est
moriendum
omnibus
maturandum
ex urbe fugiendum erat. Virtus militum laudanda fuit ; Caesari acies in(6) Attributive. struenda erat ; haec omnia nobis discenda erunt ; nihil desperandum
erit
nobis
tibi
est.
In
1.
Indirect Statements
Tum
vero dubitandum (esse) non existimavit.
2.
3.
4.
Non omittendum consilium putabant. Non mediocrem sibi diligentiam adhibendam intellexit. Multis de causis Caesar statuit sibi Rhenum esse transeundum. 6

98
General Notes.
The Gerundive Attraction.
11.
is seen where a Gerundive stands in agreement with a noun in the genitive, dative, or ablative cases, or in the accusaThe Gerundive Attraction is equivalent to a tive with prepositions. transitive gerund with an object to translate it, consider the Gerundive as an active transitive gerund, and the noun as its object ; thus, Belli gerendi cupidus es^=*he is desirous of waging war.'
This construction
EXAMPLES OF GERUNDIVE ATTRACTION
Omnia ad naves
reficiendas paravit.
In his rebus gerendis totum annum consumpsit. Proelii committendi signum dedit. Ad galeas induendas tempus d^fuit. Legati pacis petendae causa missi sunt. Locum oppido condendo ceperunt..
Miscellaneous Examples of Gerund and Gerundive

1.
Caesari omnia uno tempore erant agenda.
2.
Reliquas naves ad navigandum paratas invenit.

inferendi causa in Britanniam transierant.
3. Belli 4.
5. 6. 7.
Ad omnia pericula subeunda parati erant. Unam legionem in Morinos ducendam Fabio
Hi autem
nihil
dedit.
temere agendum existimabant.
Ad
De
eas res conficiendas Orgetorix deligitur.
8.
recuperanda libertate consilium ceperunt.
9.
10.
Id ne accideret magnopere sibi cavendum existimabat. Tempus ad committendum proelium alienum est.
20.
The Ablative Absolute.

is
This
the
name
of a very
common
Latin construction, in which
a noun and a participle stand together, both being in the ablative, and
neither being governed
by any word
in the sentence.
lit.
Example
*
Caesar, his
ad oppidum contendit; army having been landed, marched to the town.' 2. Dato signo, milites impetum fecerunt. * The signal being given, the soldiers charged.* The literal translation may often be improved in various ways.
1.
Caesar, exposit o exercitu,
General Notes,
By turning
*
99
(a)
the ablative absolute into an adverbial clause, using

*when,'
:
*
the conjunction
after,*
since,'
because,'
though,' or
*if,'
according to the sense required

*
After he had landed his army, Caesar marched,'
etc.
When
the signal had been given, the soldiers charged.'
(6)
By
*
turning the ablative absolute into an adverbial phrase
nsisting of a preposition
and a verbal noun or gerund
After landing his army, Caesar marched,'
etc.
Upon
the giving of the signal the soldiers charged.'
(c)
By
turning the ablative absolute into a co-ordinate sentence with
and'
*
Caesar landed his army and marched,'
etc.
The
signal
was given, and the
soldiers charged.'
(d) By turning the ablative absolute into an active participial phrase, using either the present or perfect participle of the English verb.
'
Haying landed
'
his
army,
) )
or,
Landmg
his army,
^^^^ ^^^^^^,
^^^^
Observe that the doer of the action implied in the ablative absolute is not always the same person as that denoted by the subject of the
main
sentence.
;
give the signal
Thus, in the second example, the soldiers do not when this is the case a passive verb must be
(a)
all.
employed in the clause

(d)
and
(c),
and the method explained in
cannot be applied at
Examples of the Ablative Absolute

I.
solvit.
Simple ablative absolute 1. Nostri milites, impetu fadOy locum ceperunt.

2.
Tertia hora, suhlatis ancoris,
navem
3.
4.
5.
Castris munitis, duas legiones ibi reliquit.
Navibus deductis, exercitum transportare Duce vulneratOf milites omnes fugerunt.
constituit.
II.
adjective
The noun of the ablative absolute may be qualified (6) by a genitive ; (c) by an adjectival clause.
;
(a)
by an

100
General Notes.
{a)
By an adjective 1. Magno numero

2.
interfecto, reliqui
His
rebus gestis, Caesar in fines
ad castra redierunt. eorum contendit
3. 4.
(&)
Multis vulnerihus
acceptis, copias reduxit.
Qua
re nuntiataf Galli legates mittunt.
By
1.
a genitive
2.
Multis eorum interfedis, nostri ad castra redierunt. Gonsilio ejus cognito, legati ad eum venerunt.
3.
4.
(c)
Magna
Omni
parte
spe salutis deposita, in
navium amissd, reliquas reficere constituit. fugam se dedemnt.
By
a relative adjectival clause
1.
Oranihus vicis {guos adire potuerant) incensis^ ad castra con-
tenderunt.
2.
Duahus
legionihus
{quas proxime conscripserat)
relictiSy
cum
reliquis profectus est.

3.
Copiis (quas secum hahuit) eductis, aciem instruxit.
III.
The
1.
participle
may be
qualified (a)
by an adverb;
(6)
by
an adverbial phrase.
(a)
Bello celeriter confecto, in Italiam rediit.
2.
3.
Nuntiis statim dimissis, diem edixit. Copiis undique coactis, urbem oppugnabat.
(h)
1.
2.
3.
Omnibus rebus ad bellum paratis, proficisci maturavit. Buabus legionibus in oppido relictis, ad castra rediit.
Hostes, impetu in nostros facto, ordines perturbant.
IV.
(a)
Two
1.
or
more nouns may be joined
to the
same
participle.
Omnibus
vicis aedificiisque incensis, se
ad castra
receperunt.
2.
Magnis
or
copiis
equitatuque coactis, in fines eorum
contendit.
{b)
Two
1.
more
participles
may be joined
to the
same noun.
Dissipatis ac perterritis hostibus, nostri ad castra

redierunt.
2.
Multis
et illatis et
acceptis vulneribus, in
oppidum se
receperunt.

General Notes.
Two
1.
'
101
(c)
or
more ablative absolutes may occur in the same

gestis,
sentence.
His rebus
Dato signo
castrisque egregie munitis, ipse
profectus est.
2.
et suhlatis ancoris,
navem
solvit.
ciple
V. Examples of ablative absolute foumed^ (6) with participles of deponent verbs ;

(a) 1.
2.
(a):
with present
parti-
His pugnantibusy Ariovistus ex oppido

Omnibus
aspicientibusy sacerdos
eva?it.
est}.
Nostris militibus cundantibus, imperator ita locucus
3.
4.
5.
(6)
1.
templum
intravit,
Hoc
bellum, Servio regnante, confectum est. Bis adjuvantibus, rem totam perfecimus.
Ortd
luce,
aciem instruxit.
2. 3.
Summd
tranquillitate consecutdy
navem incolumem perduxit.

ad Caesarem
His aliguantum
venerunt.
itineris progressisy equites
4 Maxima
coorta tempestatCy naves in litus ejectae sunt,
(b) a noun, is occaused to form an ablative absolute. In translating an ablative absolute formed in this way, the English participle * being may be supplied: Me duce=]it *I being the leader = * under my
VI. Instead of a participle (a) an adjective, or
sionally
'
leadership.'
{a)
1.
2.
3.
Vento secundo, classis in portum rediit. via Sequanis invitis ire non poterant. JExigud parte aestaiis reliqua, Caesar proficisci contendit.
Hac
4.
Germani
pellibus utuntur,
magna parte
corporis nudd,
(b)
1.
Haec omnia, me
Lentulo consule
(ablative) auctore, facta sunt.
2.
Romam
venit.
3. 4.
Te ducCy nihil timemus. Natus est Augustus, consulibus Cicerone
et
Antonio,
SJpiiCiAL
'
NOTES.
to the section
[The' iniwxl
nwnh&rs rêr
4.
in the
text.']
21. filius erat.
See Note
Acrisius.
See Note
4.
necare.
Prolative Infinitive (Note' 13), take necare after volehat
mater.
22.
Apposition.
'
Note
7.
suum=* his = belonging

tranquillum.
to Jupiter.
Note
9,
N,B,
Objective complement.
8
(c).
Note
6.
23.
annos.
agere.
Note
Note 13
es =
*
(6).
jamdudum
24.
you have been

*
for
some
time.'
postquam induit = when he had put on.' The Perfect tense after postquam should generally be translated as though it were
Pluperfect,
specie horribili=*of terrible appearance.'
Ablative of Quality.
Note 11 earum =
25.
*
(d).
Lat. Prim., 152.

'
of
them
their.'
Note
9,
N.B.
hoc modo
= 4n
this way.'
Ablative of Manner.
Note
11
(c),
Lat. Prim.,
falce sua.
26. illo
154
Note
11 (a).
Ablative of Instrument.
tempore.
*
Note
11
(e).
Ejus filia= his daughter.'

27.
Note
9,
N.B.
magna
celeritate.
*
Ablative of Manner.
Note 11
alone.
(c).
jam-que = and already.'

102
Que cannot stand
Special Notes.
103
28.
coUum
his
ejus =* his neck/
i.e,
Hhe
monster's'
swum would mean

is
own.
flying.'
dum volat=' while he was
Dum = while)
(
generally
followed by the Present tense, which must, however, be translated as though it were Imperfect, when the main verb is in a
Past tense.
29.
'
To marry'
is
ducere uxor em, speaking of a
man.
nuhere marito (dative), speaking of a woman.
30.
Tres dies.
Note
(c).
quarto
32,
die.
Note
11
(e).
dicitur fuisse.
Prolative Infinitive,
Note
13.
4.
validissimus.
Subjective Complement, Note

(of the) night'
;
media nocte = 4n the middle

*
so
summus mons=
the top (of the) mountain.'

*
'
34.
a puero = from a boy
from boyhood.'
one.'
neque quisquam=*nor any one' = *and no

36.
Tliebas=* to Thebes.'
sacri.
See Note
12.
4.
Subjective Complement, Note
37.
creaverunt, a Factitive verb,
Imperatorem
est after
is
the
Objective
Complement, Note
conversa
:
5.
;
est
understood
the
pulsa does duty for both
pulsa and conversa.

39.
See General Note

respirandi.
15,
on Relative Clauses.
See Note
18.
41.
Gerund.
42. cui
erant = * to which there were '
which had.'
Note 10
(6).
43.
tantae audacitatis.
incredibiU
Genitive of Quality with Epithet.
Note
(6).
celeritate.
Ablative
of
Quality
with
Epithet.
Note
49. 50.
11 {d).
16,
See Note
on the Subjunctive,
navigandl imperitus
Genitive.
unskilled in sailing'
(lit.
o/) Objective
Note
(e).
'
63.
qui doceret = * who should explain
to explain .'
Note
16, iii. (a).
104
Special Notes.
64.
magna
is
not the Complement.

est
Note
4.
lit.
55.
pugnatum
i.e.
there was fighting/
'it
was
fought.'
The
Passive Voice of Intransitive verbs can only be used in this way,

impersonally.
aestatis.
Lat. Frim.y 195.
multum
58.
Genitive of Thing measured.
Note
{d),
quantum
esset
an indirect question.
*
Note
'
16, ii.
60. nihil
incommodi= nothing
{d).
of inconvenience
no inconvenience.
Notes
61.
quam, with a superlative =* as
as possible.
62.
After this section the accent on gwocZ=* because
' will be omitted. See if there is a neuter antecedent to which quod can possibly be referred ; if not, quod is probably the conjunction.
66.
miratus.
nominative participle should be taken after the then any words standing between the subject and the participle ; then the verb. Kemember that miror is deponent, and that deponents have an active meaning.
subject
;
:
70.
qni idem
lit.
'
which the same,'

:
i.e.
which
also.'
71.
quod quum
15, Ohs.
fecissent
quod
is
here used co-ordinately.
See Note
72.
73.
quod quum cognovisset.

sibi
See Note
should be
15, Ohs.
liceret
that
it
lawful
for
him
'
'
that he
might be allowed.'
quae quum
75.
ita essent.
See Note
15. Ohs.
sui ulciscendi
19, II.
= *of
avenging himself.'
See Note on Gerundive,
77.
nescio
quam fabulam finxerunt = they framed some story, I know not what' nescio quam fahulam finxerint would be I know not what story they framed.'
*
:
78.
veritus ne.
feared that the thing will happen,
Verbs of fearing are followed by ne when it by ut when it is feared
is
it
wiQ not
Vereor ne veniat=Î fear he will come.*
Vereor ut venial = * I fear he wUl not come.'
Special Notes.
105
accidlt ut. After accidity
and some other verbs, ut with subinfinitive,
junctive
is
used instead of the accusative and
the
ordinary construction for indirect statements.

in transeundo flumine.
79.
Gerundive Attraction, Note
19, ii.
Phrixus, son of Athamas,
had escaped with

;
his sister Helle
on
the back of a flying ram with golden

Colchis,
fleece.
Helle
fell off
into the sea (hence called Hellespont)
Phrixus arrived at
and
sacrificed the
ram
there,
demonstravisset.
80. iter
:
Suboblique.
See Note
16, iii. (6).

(d),
accusative, measure of space.
Note 8
Lat, Prim.,
186.
usnL
Note
10
(c).
Lat. Prim., 108.
ad armandas naves.
ne noctumum
. . .
Note
19, ii.
intermitteret,
= lit.
*he did not leave out
even the night-time from his labour,' = he did not relax his labour even during the night,
quam
81.
quibus.
The antecedent
eae is omitted.
19,
is
ii.
pericula subeunda.
Gerundive Attraction, Note
82.
pugnatum
est =' there
impersonally.
84. liaud
was fighting.' Note on 56.
The verb
here used
that.'
85.
multum abfuit quin = lit. *not much was wanting but The whole phrase may be translated very nearly.'
' .
qui
vocaret.
Qui here =ut, *in order
that.'
See Note
16, III. (a). 86.

87.
See General Note
20,
on the Ablative Absolute.

19, ii.
ad omnia pericula sutoeunda. Gerundive Attraction, Note

jungendi erant
butively.
'
were to be yoked.'
19,
1.
Gerundive used
attri-
Note
(6).
88.
quod
aleret.gwod with subjunctive,
of such a kind as
to.'
Note
89.
16, III. (a).
omnibus aspicientibus.
General Note
20, v. (a).
19,
90.
non omittendum esse putabat.
General Note
N.B,
106
Special Notes,
92.
93.
praesidio navi.
Dative of purpose.
sibi
Note 10
:
(c).
maturandum (esse)
censuerunt
the impersonal gerundive

direct form
standing as indirect statement.
The
i.
would be
maturandum
94. 95.
est nobis.
Note
19,
minimum
abfuit quin.
See Note on
84.
19,
ea colligenda= Gerundive Attraction, Note

prius
.
il
quam.
*
Translate as though
priusquam formed
one word,
101.
before they reached.'
quern dicunt excogitasse.

into the Accusative
excogitasse.
Relative Clause
is
here thrown
and
et
Infinitive, quern
being Subject to
if
The construction
eum.
'
will
be easily understood
quern
is
resolved into
102. aliae alias in
partes = * some one
way and some another/

of.'
106. in
3)
erat
ut=' was on the point

Dative of Purpose.
111. praesidio.
115.
Note 10
ox"
(c)
Lat. Prim. 147.
aliquantum itineris. Genitive Lat. Prim., 131.

salutem futuram
:
Thing measured.
Note
9(c);
116.
Accusative and Infinitive, depending on
some verb
117. in eo esset.
of saying,
which can
106.
easily be supplied.
See Note
*
vide ut facias,
is in
see thou
make/
i.e.
take care to make.*
Facias
subjunctive, being an indirect
command.
120. ei
persuasum sit. Verbs that govern the dative can only be used in the passive impersonally ; so I am persuaded = persuasum est mihi, lit. it is persuaded to me.'
* ' *
VOCABULARY.
Abbreviations,
abl. ace. adj. ablative,
inter.
r=
interjection.
accusative.
interrog
intrans.
irreg.
adv.
c.
adverb,
common
gender,
m.
n.
comp. compar.
conj. dat. decl. defect.
compound,
comparative, conjunction,
dative, declension, defective verb,
num.
part. pass. perf. plu.
dep.
f.
deponent verb, feminine gender,

future,
genitive.
plnp.
pres. prep.
fut.
gen.
ger.
pron.
reflex.
imperat. imperf. impers.

incep.
indecl. indef. indie.
infin.
'mperative.
= = = = = =
The
impersonal verb.
inceptive verb. indeclinable.
indefinite. indicative.
infinitive.
sing. subj. subst.
sup. superl. trans.

V.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
interrogative. intransitive. irregular.
masculine gender. neuter gender. numerical.

participle. passive.
perfect.
plural.
pluperfect. present. preposition.
pronoun.
reflexive.
singular. subjunctive. substantive. supine. superlative.

transitive. verb.
references are to the Shorter
Latin Primer,
of aufero.
-fui,
or ab, prep, abl., by^ from,

3,
abstuli, perf.
ab-do, dere, -didi, -ditum, v.

Ido].
hide
v.
ab-snm,
-esse,
be
distant^
be
wanting [sum],
-sumpsi, -sumpconsume, destroy. Absyrt-us, -i, m., Absyrtus (brotlier of Medea). ae, conj., and. After idem or simul,
ab-siim-o, -sumere,
ab-duco, -ducere, -duxi^ -ductum,

3,
take away.
-ire, -ii,
tum,
v. 3,
ab-eo,
-itum,
v. 4,
go away,
depart [eo. L.P., 102], abi, imperative of ab-eo.

ab-jicio, -jieere, -jeei, -jeetum, v. 3,
throw away [ab+jacio].

ab-ripio, -ripere, -riptii, -reptum, v. 3, steal away, carry /"[ab+rapio].
ac- in
ac=a5; after aliteT=^ than, compound words stands for ad

before c;
curro.
thus,
ac-curro for ad-
abs-cido, -cidSre, -cidi, -cisum, v. 3.
ac-cendo, -cendere, -cendi, -censum,

V. 3, light,
cut
off.
kindle [ad+cendo].
107
108
Vocabulary.
Sd-uro, -urere,
-ussi,
[ac-af
acceêTatf pluperf. o/accipio.

ac-cido, -cidSre, -cldi, v.
-ustum, v.
3,
(often impers.
cado].
= it
happen happens) [ad+

3,
bum,
V. 4,
scorch.
ad-v5nio,
-venire, -veni, -ventum, come towards, approach.
ac-clpio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3,
advent-US, -us, m., approach, arrival.

ad-v6c-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call
receive [ad+capio].
ac-cumbo,
-cumbere,
sit
-ctibiii,
-cubi-
to.
tum, V. 3, cumbo].
V.
3,
down
(to table)
[ad+
Aeac-us,
aed-es,
-i,
three judges
-curri,
m., Aeacus {one of the of Hades).

(in
ac-curro, -currere,
run
to,
come
up
-cursum, [ad +
is,
f.
sing.) temple, (in
plur. )/iow5e.
curro].
aci-es, -ei, f., line
A.crisi-us,
-i,
aedifici-um,
-i,
n.,
building [aedes
of battle. Acrisiiis {grandfather

[acer].
facio],
of Persells).
acriter, adv.,
aedific-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, build. Aedu-i, -orum, m. plu., the Aeduans
sharply
,
(a Gallic tribe).
ad, prep. ace.
to,
at (a time),
ad-amo, -amare, -amavi, V. l,faU in love with. ad-duco, -ducere, -duxi,

V. 3,
-amatum,
-ductum,
4.,
Aeei-es, ae, m., king of the Colchi. aegre, adv., ill, with difficulty ; aegre
ferre
to be
-a,
displeased at.
Aegypti-us,
lead on, bring, induce.

-ire,
-li,
Aegyptus,
go
to,
-i,
ad-eo,
-Xtum, v.
aene-us,
-a,
-i,
approach
[eo].
Aeol-us,
-um, adj. Egyptian. Egypt. um, adj., brazen [aes]. m., Aeolus {king of the
f.,
Sd-hibeo, -hibere, -hibitum, v. 2, em-
ploy [ad + habeo]. adhuc, adv., up to this time, still. ad-imo, -Imere, -emi, -emptum, v.
take
aequ-us.
just.
3,
-a,
-um,
adj., fair,
right,
aer, aeris,
m. air,
,
ace. aer-a
and
-em.
away [ad+
-us, eo].
enio].
aes, aeris, n., copper.
Sdit-us,
m,, entrance, approach

v.
3,
Aes-on, -6nis, m., father of Jason.

aest-as, -atis,
aet-as, -atis,
f.
[ad
-f-
summer.
age, old age,
sidj.
,
ad-jicio, -jlcere, -jeci, -jectum,
f.,
hurl, throw [ad
+ jacio].
Admeta {daughter
aetern-us,
-a,
-um,
eternal
in
ad-jungo, -jungere, -junxi, -junctum,

v. 3, join.
aeternum
= for ever.
Aethiop-es, -um, m. plu., the AethioAethiopi-a, -ae,

f., Aethiopia {country of the Aethiopians).
Admet-a,
admir-or,
mire.
-ae, f.,
of Eurystheus).
-ari,
-atus, v. 1, dep., ad-
af-fero, af-ferre, at-tuli, al-latum {com-
ad-mitto, -mittere,
V. 3, allow.
-misi,
-missum,
pound of ad and
af-ficio,
fero), v. irreg.,
S,d-61esc-ens, -entis, m.,
young man.
{compound
-ficSre,
-feci,
-fectum,
;
v. 3,
ad-61escenti-a, -ae
f.,
youth.
move, affect [ad

afficere
-f facio]
supplicio
ad-sto, -stare, -stlti, v. 1
of sto), stand
at,
or near.
= to visit with punishment = to punish.
af-aq]
Vocabulary.
-are,
-avi,
109
af-flict-o,
-atum,
v.
1,
shatter.
af-flTgo, -fllgSre,
-flixi,
-flictiim, v. 3,
amor, -is, m., love. a-moveo, -movere, V. 2, more away.
-movi,
-motum,
shatter.
amph5r-a,
-ae, f.,jiar, hottle,
Sger, agri, m., field, land.
an, conj., or (in questions),
agm-en,
V. 3,
-inis, n.,
band
[ago, drive].
ancor-a, -ae,
f.,
anchor.
-ae,
f.,
a-gnosco, -gnoscere, -gn5vi, -gnitum, recognise [ad
Andr6med-a,
Andromeda
life.
gnosco].
3,
ago, agere, egi, actum, v.
do, drive;
;
{daughter of Cepheus). ^nim-a, -ae, f., hreath, soul,

animad-verto,
agere gratias, return thanks

vitam, to pass one's
al-a, -ae, f., tuing.
life.
agere
-vertere, -verti,
-ver-
sum,
V. 3, observe.
-i,
anim-us,
m.,
mind;
in
animo
al-bus, -a, -um, adj., white.
habere
ann-us,
to intend.
Alcmen-a,
-ae,
f.,Alcmene {mother of
-i,
m., year.
Hercules).
aiien-us, -a, -um, adj., out
ante, prep, ace, before {9\&o
an
adv.).
aiiquant-um,
aii-quis,
-i,
n.,
of place. somewhat,
pron.
indef.,
antea, adv., before.

ante-cello, -cellere, v. 3, surpass, excel.
-qua,
-quid,
antequam,
antlqu-us,
conj., before.
-a,
some.
ali-qui, -qua, -quod, adj. indef., some.
filter,
-um,
f.,
adj., ancient.
antr-um,
-i,
-n., cave.
adv.,
otherwise,
in another
anxiet-as, -atis,
anxiety.
way,
differently.
,
anxi-us, -a, -um, adj., anxious.

o^/ier (La^.
ali-us, -a, -ud, adj.
Prim.,
others.
a per, apri,
m., wild boar.
69); alii
alii,
some
^per-io, -ire, -ui, -tum, v. 4, open.
allatus, particip.
al-lig-o, -are,
-avi,
of affero. atum,
Apoll-o,
v.
-inis,
m., Apollo {a
Moman
1,
hind
v.
god).
[ad
ligo].
ap-
in
compounds stands for ad
alo, alere, alui,

3,
altum and alitum,

the Alps.
nourish.
f.,
before p. ap-pello, -pellare, -pellavi, -pel-
Alp-es, -ium,
alter, -a,
latum,
ap-pello,
V. 1, call,
name.
-piili,
-um,
adj.,
one (of two), the

high^
-pellere,
3,
-pul
other (of two), the second.

ilt-us,
-a,
sum,
deep;
ap-peto,
V.
bring to;
to
navem
-peti-/
(
-um,
adj.,
appellere
bring to land.
-petivi,
n
altum
the deep.
-petere,
Amaz6n-es, -um, f., plu., the Amazons (a race of warlike women).

amenti-a, -ae,
f.,
tum,
V. 3,
draw
near.
-p6sui,
-posi-
p^
ap-p6no, -pongre,
madness
[a
mens,
tum,
V. 3, set on.
mind\.
amic-us,
-i, m..,
friend.
v.
ap-propinquo, -are, V. 1, approach.
-avi,
-atum,
a-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -misstim,

3, lose.
appulsus, ârî'ajo. o/appello.
aprum,
ace.
o/aper.
water.
Ammon, -is, m.,Amm>on{an Egyptian

god).
apM,
prep, ace, arrumg, with.

f.,
Squ-a, -ae,
-avi,
Sm-o, -are,
-atum,
v. 1, love, like.
ar-a, -ae, f., altar.
110
Vocabulary.
atttili,
[ar-be
arb!tr-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., con-
perf. q/affero.
sider, think, judge.

arb-or, -6ris,
arc-a, -ae,
f., f., tree.
auc-tor, -toris, m., adviser.

auctori-tas, -tatis,
f.,
influence.
chest, box, ark.

f.,
audaci-a, -ae,
f.,
boldness, audacity.
Arcadia, -ae,
Greece).
arcess-o, -ere,
Arcadia
-itum,
{a region
of
aud-ax, -acis, adj., bold. audeo, audere, ausus sum,

dep., dare.
aud-io,
-Ire, -ivi,
v. 2,
semi-
-ivi,
v. 3,
fetch.
arc-US, -us, m., bow.
-itum,
v. 4,
hear.
ard-ens, -entis, part., blazing.
au-fero, au-ferre, abs-tiili, ab-latum,

V. irreg.,
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum,
v. 2, to be
carry o/"[ab
-f fero].
on fire, burn
3,ren-a, -ae, f.,
(intraiis.).
au-fugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugitum, v.

3,
sand.
argent-um, -i, n., silver. Argonaut-ae, -arum, m. plu., the Argonauts (i.e. the crew of the 'Argo^).
Auge-as,
Elis).
run away, escape [ab + fugio], -ae, m., Augeas {a king in

f.,
aur-a, -ae,
air, breeze.
adj., golden.
Argo,
f.,
the
Argo {Jason's
ship).
(i.e. be-
aure,-us, -a,
-um,
Arg61Ic-us,
-a,
-um, Argolic
aur-is,
-is, f.,
-i,
ear.
longing to Argolis, a district of

Greece).
aur-um,
n., gold.
aut, conj., or-,
aut
aut, eithef
Arg-us,
the
'
-i,
m., Argus {the builder of
or.
Argo ').
Ariovistus
plu.,
m., ram. Ariovist-Tis, -i, m.,

Sri-es, -etis,
(a
Gallic chief).
autem, moreover, but. Autem may frequently be translated now, used without reference to time Now it happened on that day, etc.
:
armS,
armorum,
n.
arms,
equip,
auxili-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., help.
weajpons.
auxili-um,
v. 1,
-i,
n., help,
v. 3,
arm-o, -are, -avi, -atum,
a-veho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum,
arm.
^r-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, plough.
ars, artis,
f.,
f.,
carry away.
Sv-is, -is,
c, bird.
-avi,
art, artificial
citadel.
means.
-scen-
a-volo,
-are,
-atum,
v.
1,
fly
arx, arcis,
away.
-scendi,
{
a-scendo,
-scendere,
av-us,
-i,
m,, grandfather.
sum,
V. 3,
Asi-a, -ae,
a-splcio,
ascend [ad f., Asia.
scando].
-spicere,
-spexi,
-spectutn,
B
BS,bylon,
ba,ctilu-m,
-is,
-i,
V. 3, behold, look
at, conj., but,
on [ad
specioj.
Babylon.
n., stick,
moreover.
wand,
Atl-as, -antis, m.. Atlas {a
man who
balte-us,
-i,
m.,
belt, girdle.
supported the heavens),

atque,
conj.,
barbSr-us,
and
[also
written ac
before a consonant].
atriu-m,
at-tingo,
3,
-i,
-um, adj., barbarian. -um, adj., happy. Belg-ae, -arum, m. plu., the Belgae
-a,
beat-US,
-a,
n., hall.
(name of a people),
-tactum, v.
bellicos-us,
-a,
-tingere, -t!gi,
-f
-um,
adj.,
warlike
touch at [ad
tango].
[bellumj.
be-ce]
Vocabulary.
f.,
Ill
bellu-a, -ae,
brute.
cant-o, -are,
-avl,
-atum,
v.
1,
sing
bell-um,
-i,
n.,
war.
n., kindness, henejlt
[frequentative of cano].
c2,pi-o,
bene, adv., well [bonus].

benefici-um,
-i,
capere, cep-i, capt-um, v. 3,
take, catch, receive, adopt.

capit-,
[bene
facio].
stem o/ caput.
-a,
benfgne, adv., kindly.

benignlt-as, -atis,
f.,
captiv-us,
[capio].
-um,
adj.,
captive
kindness.
bibo, bibere, bibi, v. 3, drvnk.

bi-ceps, -cipltis, adj., two-headed [bi
caput, capitis, n., head.

carc-er, -eris, m., prison.
caput].
-a,
carmen, carmlnis,
cSro, carnis,
i.,
n., song,
charm.
b6n-us,
-um, adj., good.
flesh.
bos, bovis,
c,
ox,
cow,
gen.
plu.
carp-o, -Sre,
-si,
-turn, v. 3, pluck.
bourn ; dat. and abl. bobus. brachi-um, -i, n., ar^n.

brgv-is, -e, adj., short.
Carthag-o,
car-US, -a,
-inis, f.,
Carthage {a town
in Africa).
the
Britann-i,
-orum,
m.
plu.,
Castor,
Britons.
Busir-is, -idis,
-um, adj., dear. m., Castor {one of the the twin Dioscuri, sons of
-is,
m.
Busiris {a king of
Leda).
castra, castrorum, n. plu.,
Egypt).
camp.
accident
casu, adv., by chance.

cas-us,
-lis,
m.,
f.,
chance,
C
Cac-us,
-i,
[cado].
caten-a, -ae,
chain.
cause, reason
m., Cacus (a giant living
caud-a, -ae,
f., tail.
near the Tiber).

cadav-er, eris, n., carcass,
cans -a,
-ae,
f.,
abl.
cado,
fall.
cadere,
cecidi,
dead body. casum, v, 3,
causa, for the sake of. cSveo, cavere, cavi, cautum,
v.
2,
beware
-a,
(of), take care.

-ris,
caec-us, caed-es,
-um,
adj., blind.
kill].
celeb-er,
-re,
adj.,
renowned.
-is, f., -is,

-i,
,
slaughter [caedo,
celebrated, frequented.
celerit-as, -atis,
Caesar,
Cai-us,
Calais,
-is,
m. Caesar (proper name). Caius (proper name). Calais {a winged man, one
t, speed
-atum,
[celer, swif{\.
celeriter, adv., quickly.

cel-o,
-are, -avi,
v.
1, conceal,
of the Argonauts).
cS,iamit-as, -atis, f., calamity.
hide.
cen-a, -ae,
f.,
-i,
supper, dinner.
n.,
calce-us,
-i,
m., shoe.
-facere,
hot.
-feci,
cenaculum,
-factum,
cen-o, dine.
-are,
dining-room.
-atum,
v. 1,
cale-facio,
v. 3,
-avi,
sup.
make
cal-or, -5ris, m., heat.
camp -us,
can-is,
i, to..,
plain.
Cenae-um, -1, n., Cenaeum (a promontory ofEuboea).

cens-eo, -ere, -ui, v. 2, consider.
cancer, cancri, m., crab.

is,
m., dog.
Centaur-US,
cano, cangre, cecini,

sing.
cantum,
Vo
3,
-i, m., centaur ; i.e. an aniTnalwith horse's body and man's head.
112
centum, num.
Cephe-us,
Cerber-us,
Cer-es,
-i,
Vocabulary.
adj.,
[ce-co
one hundred.
claud-o, claudere, claus-i,

V. 3, shut.
claus-um,
centuri-o, -onis, m., centurion.
m., Cepheus {father of

m., Cerberus (the threeCeres {the
clav-a, -ae,
f.,
club.
,
Andromeda).
-i,
clementi-a, -ae,
coegi, perf.
f., mercy kindness. of cogo.
headed dog of Hades).

-eris,
f.,
coelum,
-i,
n., heaven, sky.
Roman
v.
coepi, coepisse, v. defect, (having
no
goddess of agriculture). cerao, cernere, crevi, cretum,

discern, perceive.
present stem tenses, Lat. Prim.,

3,
106) begin.
c6git-o,
-are,
-avi,
-atum, v.
1,
con-
certam-en,
strive].
-Inis,
n.,
contest [certo,
sider, think over.
co-gnosco, -gnoscere, -gnovi, -gnitum,

V.
cert-US, -a, -xaiifflxedf certain; certi-
3,
learn, find out,

4-
know
[con
orem
cerv-us,
ceter,
facere
-i,
to
inform.
ths
Test,
(cum)
the
collect,
(g)nosco].
m., stag.
c5go, cogSre, co-egi, co-actum, v. 3,
-a,
-um,
adj.,
compel [con (cum)
ago].
v.
1,
others.
co-hortor, -hortari, -hortatus,

-tis,
Charon,
man
cib-us,
m., Charon {the ferryof the dead).

-i,
dep., encourage.
Colch-i, -orum,
{the
m.
plu., theColchians
m.ffood. CIcSro, -nis, m., Cicero {a celebrated
people of Colchis).
Colch-is, -idis,
Roman
orator).
f., Circe {an enchantress whose island Ulysses visited). circiter, adv., and prep, with ace,
Circ-e, -es,
f., Colchis {a region of Asia, on the eastern shores of thi Euxine).
col-ligo,
collect
-liggre, -legi,
-lectum,
-1-
v.
3,
[con
(=cum)
lego].
aibout.
col-lSco, -locare, -locavi, -locatum, v.

1,
v.
circum, prep, ace, around.

circum-do, -d^re, -dedi, -datus,
1,
arrange, place [con

n.,
(=cum)
4-
loco].
surround.
circum-sto, -stare,
-steti, v.
col-16qul-um,
1,
-i,
conversation
stand
[con
-h
loquor].
-i,
around.
circum-volvo, -volvSre, -volvi, -volu-
coll-um,
n., neck.
coliii,
colo," colere,
cultum,
v.
3,
tum,
V. 3,
wrap round.
f.,
-i,
worship,
till
{the ground), inhabit.
cithar-a, -ae,
harp, lyre.
m., harpist.
citharoed-us,
civ-is,
-is,
c,
citizen^ fellow-country-
man.
civit-as, -atis, f., state.
col-or, -oris, m., colour. c61umb-a, -ae, t, pigeon, dove. c61umn-a, -ae, f., column. c6m-es, -itis, c, companion [con +
eo].
clam, prep, abl., without the knowledge

of.
clamlt-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call
com-mitto, mittere, -misi, -mis-^ sum, V. 3, commit, entrust comm. proelium join to
;
o
Jl
out [freq. of clarao, Lat. Prim.,
battle.
96].
clam-or,
-oris,
m., shout, cry.
com-mor-or, -ari, -atus, dep., delay stay.
v.
1,
o o
co]
Vocabulary.
con-or,
-ari,
113
com-moveo, -movi, -movere, -motum, V. 2, sHTj rouse,

com-mutatio, -nis, f., change. com-paro, -pS,rare, -paravi, -paratum, V. 1, collect, prepare.
com-pello,
-pellere, -puli,
-atus, v.
1,
dep., try,
attempt.
con-scen-do, -dere,
-di,
-sum,
v.
3,
go on board, climb.
con-scribo, -scribere, -scripsi, -scrip-
-pul-
tum,
V. 3, enroll.
sum,
3,
V. 3, drive.
consens-us, -us, m., consent, agree-
com-plector, -plecti, -plexus, v.

dep., embrace,
ment [con
\-
sentio].
v. 3, dep.,
con-sequor, -sequi, -secutus,

overtake, follow.
-avi,
com-plur-es, plu. adj., several.

corn-port -o,
V. 1, carrj/y
-are,
-atum,
con-serv-o,
preserve.
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
bring together. com-prehendo, -prehendgre, -prShendi, -prehensum, v. 3, seizCy

catch.
conslli-um,
-i,
n., advice,
plan, pur-stitum, v.
pose, prudence.
con-sisto, -sistere, -stiti,
com-primo,
-pressum,
-prim^re,
v.
isi, -pressi,
3, consist,
stand.
-us,
3,
squeeze, comm-
conspect-us,
j
m.,
sight
[con-
press [con-!-premo].
conat-us, -us, m., attempt [conor].
spicio].
con-spicio, -spicSre, -spexi, -spectum,

V. 3,
conin compounds^, cum.

con-cedo,
V. 3,
behold [con
-H
specio].
-cedere,
-cessi,
-cessum,
con-stat, impers., it is well

con-stitii-o, -ere,
-i,
known.
grant, yield.
con-curro, -currere, -curri, -cursum,

V. 3,
-tum, v. 3, determine, appoint, set up.

consist.
rush together.
-dere,
-didi,
con-sto, -stare, -stiti, -statum, v. 1,
con-do,
-ditum,
v.
3,
found, store away.

con-fero, con-ferre, con-tiili, col-lat-
con-suesco,
-suescere,
-suevi,
-sue-
tum,
con-sul,
V. 3,
become accustomed.
um,
V.
irreg.,
bring together, conself.
-siilis,
m., consul (a
-siiliii,
Roman
v.
fer; se conferre, to betake one's

complete,
magistrate).
con-sulo, -siilgre,
3, consult.
con-flcio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, v. 3,
-sultum,
make, finish, wear

-are,
-avi,
out
[con
-i-
facio].
con-firm-o,
-atum,
v.
1,
con-sumo, -sumgre, -sumpsi, -sumptum, V. 3, consume, spend.

con-tego, -tSgSre, -texi, -tectum,
3, cover.
establish, strengthen, declare; conf.
jurejurando
coD-fligo,
3,
= to swear.
-flixi,
-fligere,
-flictum, v.
con-tendo,
con-texo,
V. 3,
-tendere,
-tendi,
v.
3,
dash
together.
hasten, march,
-texere,
-texui,
con-jicio, -jlcere, -jeci, -jectum, t. 3,
-textum,
v.
throw [con
V. 3,
-i-
jacio],
weave.
-tlcescere,
-ticui,
3,
con-jungo, -jungere, -junxi, -junctimi,

join.
-jtigis,
con-ticesco,
be silent [con { taceo].
con-jux,
c, husband,
-nexi,
wife.
con-tineo, -tlnere, -tinui, -tentum, v.

2,
con-necto,
-nectgre,
-nextim,
bound,
keep
within
[con
T* 3, join, ctmnect.
teneo].
114
Vocabulary.
f.,
[code
con-ttn-ens, -entis,
mainland.
culp-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, blame.
con-tlnu-us,
-a,
um,
adj., successive.
cultr-um,
-i,
n., knife.
contra, prep. ace. , against, contrary to.

controversi-a, -ae,
con-tiili, perf.
f.,
cum, prep,
abl., with.
f.
debate, quarrel.
cun-ae, -arum,
plu., cradle.
of con-fero.
).
cunct-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., hesitate.
con-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, v.

4,
come
together, assemble (intrans.

-vertere,
-verti,
cupidit-as, -atis,
ciipid-o, -inis,
f.,
f.,
desire [cupidus].
con-verto,
-versum,
desire.
V. 3, turn,
change
(trans.),
ciipld-us,
-a,
-um,
-ivi
adj.,
desirous
con-vivium,
-i,
n., banquet, feast.
[cupio].
ciipl-o,
-ere,
con-v6c-Oj -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call

together, assemble (trans.).
or
-li,
-itum, v. 3,
desire.
4,
c6-6rior,
arise.
-oriri,
-ortus,
v.
dep.,
cur, interrog. adv.,
whyf
curro, currere, ciicurri, cursum, v. 3,

f.,
c6pi-a, -ae,
^\vi.,
supply, quantity; in
ruM.
curi^-us, -us,
forces, troops.
-i,
CSrinth-us,
m,, Corinth (a city of
curs-us,
[curro].
-U.S,
m., chariot. m., cowrse,

-ivi,
running
v. 4,
Greece, situated on the Isthmus).
cori-um,
-i,
n., hide, leather.
custod-io,
-ire,
-itum,
corn-u, -us, n., horn.
guard.
cyath-us,
-i,
corp-us, -6ris, n., body.

cor-ripio, -ripgre, -ripiii, -reptum, v.
3, seize,
m., cup.
Cyclop-es, -um, m. plu., the Cyclops

(one-eyed monsters).
Cyzic-us,
-i,
snatch [con
f.,
rapio].
crater-a, -ae,
bowl.
n. ,
Cyzicus (an island in
credibil-is, -e, adj., credible [credo],
the Propontis).
3,
cre-do,
-dSre,
-didi,
-ditum,
v.
believe.
cre-o,
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
elect,
appoint
Cre-on, -ontis, m., Creon {a king of
"DdihOffut. of do.
damn-um,
Dana-e,
-i,
n., injury,
-es,
harm,
-en,
loss.
Corinth
; also,
a king of Thebes).
gen.
ace.
Danae
creplt-us, -us, m., clatter.
crgpundi-a, -orum, n. plu., rattle.

cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum, v. 3, grow, increase.
Cret-a, -ae,
f., Crete {an island in the Mediterranean). cruciat-us, -us, m., torture. -e,
{mother of Perseus). dat-um, sup. o/do.

de,
prep,
abl.,
about,
concerning,
from.
de-a, -ae,
f.,
goddess.
deb-eo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v. 2,
owe;
debitus
= due.
adj., ten.
crudel-is,
adj., cmcel.
deeem, num.
cms, cruris, cuMcul-um,

ciib-o, -are,
n., leg.
-i,
n.,
-iii,
bedroom [cubo]. -itum, v. Iflie down.

.
de-eldo, -cid^re, -cidi, v. 3, [de cado].
faU down
decim-us,
de-cipio,
-a,
-um, adj.,
ê?iÂ [decern],
cui, M,t**. dat. ,
) )
cujus, gen.
of qm or qms.
-cipere, -cepi,
-ceptum,
v.
3, deceive [de
+ capio].
de-di]
Vocabulary.
de-plor-o,
-are,
115
-atum, v.
dScor-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, adorn, distinguish.
-avi,
1,
lament.
de-pon-o, -pongre, -p5siii, -positum,
V. 3,
de-curro, -currere, -cucurri, -cursiim,

V. 3,
run down.
lay aside, give up, deposit,

-a,
de-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, give
dens, dentis, m., tooth.
up.
dedec-us,
grace.
-6ris,
dens-us,
n.,
-um,
adj., thick.
dishonour^ dis-
de-ripio, -ripere, -ripiii, -reptum, v.

3,
pull
down
[de \- rapio].
dedi, êr/". o/do.
de-scendo, -scendere, -scendi, -scens-
de-duco,
-ducere,
V. 3, lead
navem,
de-fendo,
V. 3,
to
-duxi, -ductum, down^ bring ; deducere launch a ship.

-fendi,
um,
V. 3,
descend.
de-sero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, v. 3, desert.
-fendere,
-fensum,
desert-US,
-a,
-um, adj., deserted.

-i,
defend.
desideri-um,
de-silio,
n., desire, longing.

-silui,
de-fero, -ferre, -t^li, -latum, v. irreg.
-silire,
-sultum, v.
4,
carry away.
defess-us, -a, -um, part., wearied out,
leap
down
[de
-f salio].
de-sisto, -sistere, -stlti, -stitum, v. 3,

cease.
exhausted.
de-ficio, ficere,
-feci,
-fectum, v. 3,
de-sper-o,
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
fail.
Delanir-a, -ae, Deianira (daughter of
de-sum,
ing.
-esse, -fui, v. irreg., he
want-
Oeneus and wife of Hermdes).

deinde, adv., then, next.
de-jicio, -jYeere, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3,
destiti, êr/. o/desisto. desuper, adv., down from above.
throw down, cast [de

fall dovm.
+ jacio].
v.
de-terr-eo, -ere, -ui, -Itum, v. 2, deter,
de-labor, -labi, -lapsus,
3, dep.,
frighten.
de-traho,
V. 3,
-trShere, -traxi,
off.
-tractum,
delatus, particip. of defero.

del-eo, -ere, -evi, -etum, v. 2, destroy.
de-ligo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, v.
3,
draw
-i,
de-US,
m., God.
-are,
de-v6r-o,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
choose [de
lego].
swallow, devour.
de-verto, -vertere, -verti, -versum, v.
3,
Delph-i, -orum, m. plu., Delphi {a
town in Greece, famed for its oracle

of Apollo).
Delphic-US,
-a,
turn aside.
-tra,
dex-ter,
-trum,
adj.,
right;
the
-um, adj., Delphic -um,

adj.,
of Delphi.
demiss-us,
dejected.
-a,
(manus right hand.

dextra
Dian-a,
-ae, f.,
understood),
dovmcast,
v.
Diana
(the goddess of
hunting).
-avi,
de-monstr-o, -are,
point out, show.
-atum,
1,
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, v. 3,
say ;
dicere
dl-es,
demum,
adv., at last,
diem = to appoint a day. -ei, m. (sometimes f. in sing.),

-e,
denique, adv., lastly.

de-pello, -pellSre,
8, drive
-ptili,
day,
-pulsum, v.
difflcH-is^
facilisj
adj.^
dAffimlt
[dls
away.
116
Vocabulary.
f.,
[di-ef
difflcult-as, -atis,
difficulty.
-fiidi,
dorm-io,
v.
-ire, -ivi
or
-ii,
-itum,
v. 4,
dif-fundo, -fundere,
3,
-fusum,
sleep.
shed abroad,
-ae,
diffuse.
drSc-o, -onis, m., dragon, serpent.

dubit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, doubt.
hesitate.
diibi-us, -a,
diligenter, adv., carefully , diligently.

dlligenti-a,
f.,
industry,
dili-
gence.
di-lucesco,
-lucescere,
-luxi,
v. 3,
-um, adj., doubtful.
duc-o, ducere, diix-i, duct-um, v. 3,

lead, ducei'e
grow
8,
light.
uxorem
f.,
= to marry.
N.B.
generally
di-mitto, -mittSre, -misi, -TmiRsum, v.
dulced-o, -inis,
sweetness.
despatch, send away, loose,
let
dulc-is, -e, adj., sweet.
slip.
dum,
-is,
conj.,
while,
until.
is
Diomed-es,
m., Diormde {king of the Bistones in Thrace).
Dum
(meaning while)
dir-us, -a, -urn, adj., dreadful.

dis, dat.
and
ahl. plu.
of deus.
-cessum, v.
dis-cedo, -cedere,
3,
-cessi,
depart.
disco, discere, didlci, v. 3, learn.
by the Present Tense, which, however, must be translated as if it were Imperfect, whenever the verb of the main sentence is in a Past Tense. duo, duae, duo, numeral adj., tvx).
followed
diiodecim, numeral adj., twelve.
discrim-en, -inis, n., crisis, dangerous

position.
disc-us,
i,
duodeviginti, numeral adj.
eighteen.
m., quoit.
-jeci,
dux,
-jectum, v. 3,
duxi,
diicis,
c, leader, commander.
dis-jicio, -jicere,
perf of duco.
scatter [dis
dissip-o,
scatter.
+ jacio].
-avi,
-are,
-atum,
;
v.
1,
E E
or ex, prep, abl., out of, from.
diu, adv.,
for a long while

-velli,
diutius,
comp., longer.
di-vello, -vellere,
3, tear
-vulsum,
v.
asunder.
-a,
eadem. See idem. eam, ace. f. of is. ebri-us, -a, -um, adj., drunk.
e-dico,
-dicere,
-dixi,
divers -us,
verto].
-um, adj., different
[di-
-dictum, v. 3,
v.
div-es, -itis, adj., rich.
proclaim, appoint. e-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum,

v. 3,
3, utter,
di-vido, -videre, -visi, -visum,
give forth.
divide.
e-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, v. 3,
^\:d,perf. o/dico.
lead out.
v. 1, give.
do, dare, dedi, datum,

doc-eo,
-ere,
-ui,
ef-fervesco. -fervescere, -fervi, v. 3,

boil.
ef-ficio,
-tum,
v.
2,
teach,
explain.
dol-or, -oris, m., grief,
-ficere,
-feci,
-fectum, v. 3,
pain.
accomplish, produce
facio].
ef-flo, -flavi,
an
effect
[ex
-h
d61-us,
-i,
m., trick, craft.
dSmin-a, -ae, f., mistress. d5m-us, -us, f., house; domum, ace,
home.
-flare,
-flatum,
v.
1,
breathe out.
ef-fiigio,
-ftlg^re,
-fagi,
v.
8, escape
don-um,
-i,
n,, gift.
[e
fugio].
cf-ex]
Vocabulary.
-fundSre,
out.
-fiidi,
117
ef-fundo,
V. 3,
-fusum,
e-rtidio, -rudire, -rtldivi, -riiditum, v.

4, instruct.
pour
egiyperf. of ago. Lat Prim., % 61. ego, pron., 1.

egregie, adv., admirably.
Erj^manthi-us,
manthus
of Spain
and.
(a
-a, -um, adj., of Erymountain of Arcadia).
Erjfthi-a, -ae {an island off the coast

[^).
.
g-gredlor, -gredi, -gressus, v. 3, dep.,
go out, go ashore.
e-jicio,
et, conj., awe?; et
et=both
-jicere,
-jeci,
-jectum,
v.
3,
throw out;
[e
ejicere se, to
rush out
Stlam, conj., also.

etsi, conj.,
+ jacio].
f.,
although,
ejus, gen. o/is, ea, id.

Elis, Elidis,
Elis (a country in
Greece).
Elysius,
-a,
e-mitto, -mittere, -misi,
-um, Elysian. missum,

(iV. 5.
v. 3,
of is. Europ-a, -ae, Europe. Eurysthe-us, -i, m., Eurystheus {king of Tiryns). Eurytion, -is, m. Eurytion {a giant
ace.
,
eum,
send forth. gnim, conj., for

late
it
first,
who kept Geryon's
oxen).
Transit
Eur^-us,
-i,
m., Eurytus {a king of

3,
though
stands
Oechalia).
second),
ens-is,
-is,
e-vado, -vadgre, -vasi, -vasum, v.
m., sword.
escape, get
away.
-vanui,
v.
e-nunti-o, -are, -avi, atum, v. 1, an-
e-vanesco,
-vanescere,
3,
nounce,
make known.
vanish away.
e-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, v. 4,
e6, adv., thither, to that place.
eodem, abl. of idem. eorum, gen. plu. of is.

gpist81-a, ae,
f., letter.
turn out
; sorte
evenire
= fall to.
v.
1,
e-v6c-o, -are, -avi,
-atum,
call
out, challenge.
eques,
equltis,
m.,
horseman;
in
e-vom-o,
forth.
-ere,
-tii,
-Itum, v. 3, vomdt
of, from. -atum, v. 1,
plu., cavalry.
gquitat-us, -us, m., cavalry,
ex or
e,
prep, abl., out

-avi,
equ-us,
-i,
m., horse.
ex-anim-o, -are,
exhaust.
kill,
gram, imperf. of sum. erect-US, -a, -um, particip. of erigo used as adj., erect, upright. Ergin-us, -i, m., Erginu^ {king of the
ex-ardesco, -ardescere, -arsi, -arsum,

V.
3, be
inflamed [ardeo, L. P.,
95].
ex-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3, depart ; e vita exc. to die.
Minyae).
Erid5n-us,
e-rlgo,
-i,
m., a river (situation

-rectum,
v.
doubtful),
-rigere, -rexi,
3,
ex-cipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3, receive, entertain [ex H- capio].

ex-cit-o,
-are,
raise, cheer [e
rego].
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
e-ripio, -ripere, -ripiii,
-reptum, v. 3,
arouse,
rescue [e
-h rapio].
ex-clam-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, cry

out.
v. 1.,
erOffut.
o/sum.
-atum,
err-o, -are, -avi,
wander,
ex-cliido,
V.
-cliidgre,
-cliisi,
-cliisum,
he mistaken.
Z,shut out, prevent [ex -l- claudo].
118
Vocabulary.
-are,
-avi,
[ex-fl
ex-co^t-o,
contrive.
ex-criici-o,
-atum, v.
1,
extrem-us,
-a,
-um, adj. {superl. of

v. 3,
exterus), last, end, furthest.

-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
ex-uo, -uSre, -ui, -titum,
put
off.
torture.
ex-6o, -ire,
-5ti,
-Itum, v. 4 {compound -Itum, v.

2, exer-
ofeo), go out.
ex-erc-eo, -ere,
cise [ex
-tti,
F
Fab-er,
-ri,
m., smith.
-ari,
arceo].
f.,
fabric-or,
exercise.
-atus,
[faber].
v.
1,
dep.,
exercltatio, -nis,
make, fashion
fabul-a, -ae,
f.,
exerclt-us, -us, m.,
army.
fable, story [fa-, stem
ex-haurio, -haurire, -hausi, -haustum,

V. 4,
of for = speak.
f2,cllS,
drink
offj
drain.
-avi,
adv., easily [facio].
exfll-um.
ex-istlm-o,
thinJCj
See exsilium.
-are,
facin-us, -6ris, n.,
cnme
[facio],
v. 3,
-atum,
v,
-I-
1,
fScio, facere, feci,
factum,
make,
consider,
believe [ex
aes-
do.
timo].
ex-6rior,
arisCj
-5riri,
facult-as, atis,
-ortus,
v.
4,
f.,
opportunity, means,
dep.,
chance
fallo,
[facilis, easy].
fefelli,
spring up.
-piili,
fallere,
falsum,
v.
3,
ex-pello, -pellere,
3,
-pulsum,
v.
deceive.
fals-us, -a, falx, falcis,
drive out.
-um, ad^., false.

f.,
ex-pio, -piare, -piavi, -piatum, v. 1,

expiate.
sickle.
fam-a,
-ae, f., report,
rumour
[fa- st,
ex-pleo, -plere, -plevi, -pletum, v. 2,

jfill,
fulfil.
-is,
of foT= speak]. fam-es, -is, f., hunger.

far, farris, n.,
explorator,
m. spy.
,
grain, meal.
ex-plor-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, explore.
fat-um,
-i,
:
n.,
fate
f.
{i.e.
what
is
de-
creed
for, to speak).
ex-pono, -ponere, -posui, -posltum, v. 3, set forth, explain; put on

shore.
fauc-es, -ium,
plu., throat.
fax, f^cis,
feci,
f.,
torch, fire-brand.
perf. of facio.
ex-primo, -primSre, -pressi, -pressum,

V. 3,
feliciter, adv.,
happily, fortunately.
press out.
-silire,
-sllui,
felix, felicis, adj.,

v,
4,
happy.
ex-sllio,
leap
femln-a, -ae,
fer-a, -ae,
f. ,
f.,
woman.
forth [ex
exslli-um,
ex-spect-o,
saiio].
-i,
n., exile.
fero, ferre,
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
bring ;
mild animal, beast. latum, v. irreg., hear^ Lat. Prim., 101.

tiili,
wait, wait for, expect.

ex-spir-o,
-are,
-avi,
fer-ox, -ocis, adj., jêrce, savage.

v.
1,
-atum,
ferr-eus, -ea, -eum, adj.,

fess-US, -a,
breathe out.
ex-striio, -struere, -struxi, -structum,
v. 3,
of iron. -um, adj., weary.

i.,
figur-a, ae,
figure, shape,
pile up.
-traxi,
fili-a, -ae, f.,
daughter.
extemplo, adv., immediately.

ex-trSho, -trahere,
V. 3, resciie,
fUl-us,
-i,
m., son.
-tractum,
fingo, fingere, finxi,
Actum,
v. 3., zn-
drag
out.
vent,
make
up.
fl-gn]
Vocabulary.
m., end, boundary; in plu.
-a,
119
fin-is, -is,
territory, country.
im,perf. o/sum. fam-us, i, m., smoke.

fur-or, -oris,
finitim-us,
ing.
fio,
fieri,
-um, adj., neighbourv.
m., rage, madness.

n., theft [fur, thief].
furt-um,
factus sum,
he
irreg.,
-i,
be
done,
made,
hapjpc7i,
L. P.,
105.
flagr-ans, -antis, adj., blazing, red-hot.
G
G^lg-a, -ae,
Galli-a, -ae,
f.,
flamm-a,
-ae,
t, flame.
,
helmet.
flos, floris,
m. flower.
fluct-us, -us, m.,
wave
[fluo].
flumen, fluminis, n., river

fSras, adv., out of doors.
f5ris, adv.,
[fluo,/oi^?].
fons, fontis, m., fountain, spring.
f , Gaul. -um, adj., Gaul. gaudeo, gaudere, gavlsus sum, v. 2, semi- dep., rejoice. Lot. PHm.,
Gall-US,
-a,
92.
out of doors.
gaudi-um,
-i,
n.,joy.
for-is, -is, f., door.
f6re=fiiturus esse, fut. infin. o/sum. form-a, -ae, f., beauty.

formos-us,
forts, adv.,
-a,
gavisus, part, of gaudeo. gens, gentis, f., race, nation.
gen-US,
gero,
-eris, n.,
-um, adj., beautiful.
gerere,
gessi,
kind: gestum,
v,
3,
by chance.
fort-is, -e, adj., brave, strong.
carry on, carry, do, wage (war), wear.

Gerjôn,
-is, m., Geryon with three bodies).
fortissime, superl. adv., very bravely.

fortiin-a, -ae,
(a
monster
foss-a,
-ae,
t, fortune. f , ditch, trench [fodio.
gestus, âr^. o/gero.

gig-as, -antis, m., giant.
dig\
fractus, particip.
of frango.
freg-i,
gigno, gignere, geuui, genitum, v.

fract-um,
3,
frang-o,
frangere,
produce.
gladi-us,
-i,
V. 3, break.
m., sword.
{a daughter of Creon).
glory.
23.
f.,
fra-ter, -tris,
m., brother.
Glauc-e,
-es, f.
fraus, fraudis,
f deception.
,
glori-a, -ae,
fregi,perf. of frango. fremit-us, -iis, m., roar.

fren-o, -are, avi, -atum, v. 1, bridle,
Gorgon,
-is,
Graeci-a, -ae,
f , Gorgon. Note f Greece.

,
Graec-us,
-a,
-um., adj., Greek.

f.
restrain.
Grai-ae, -arum,
n., strait.
f.,
plu., the Graiae.
fret-um,
i,
grati-a, -ae,
frons, frontis,
forehead.
-atus,
v.
gratl-ae,
favour. -arum, f, thanks;

f.,
agcre
fruct-us, -us, m., fruit [fruor, enjoy].
gratias, to return thanks.
frument-or,
-ari,
1,
dep.,
grat-us,
-a,
-um, adj., pleasing.
fetch corn, forage.
grav-is, -e, adj., heavy, severe, serious.
frument-um,
-i,
n.,
cam.
graviter, adv., severely.
frustra, adv., in vain.

fug-a, -ae, t, flight.
grav-o, -are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
op-
press.
v.
fugio, fugere, fugi, fiigitum,
3, to
run away, flee.
giibem-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, gust-o, -are, -atum, v. 1, taste.
steer.
120
Vocabulary,
[hail
horribil-is, -e, adj., horrible (horreo,
H
H^b-go,
-ere,
-ui,
-itiira,
shudder).
v. 2, havCy
hort-or,
-ari,
-atus,
v.
1,
dep., ex-
holdf consider,
h2,bit-o, -are, -avi,
hort, encourage, entreat.
-atum,
v. 1, dwell,
hort-us,
i,
m., garden.
-i,
inhabit
haec, see hie.
hospitl-um,
guestl.
host-is,
n., hospitality [hospes,
haereo, haerere, haesi, haesum, v. 2,

stick, hesitate.
-is, e.,
enemy.
hue, adv., hither, to this place.
haesit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, hesitate
[frequent,
96],
of
haereo,
Lat.
Prim.,
Harpyi-ae, -arum, the Harpies (birds
with women's heads),

hast-a, -ae,
f.,
spear.
haud, adv., not.
haudquaquam,
adv., not at all.
human-us, -a, -um, adj ^human [homoj humgr-us, -i, m., shoulder. hiimi, adv., on the ground. Hydr-a, -ae, f., the Hydra (a nineheaded monster that lived in the Lernaean marshes). H^l-as, -ae, m., Hylas (a youth who sailed with the Argonauts).
.
haurlo, haurire, hausi, haustum, v. 1, draw off, drain, drink.

Helveti-i, -orum, the Helvetii.
herb-a, -ae,
Herciil-es,
f.,
herb, plant, grass.
-is,
Hesi6n-e,
-es,
m., Hercules. Hesione {daughter of

f.
I, imperat. ofeo, go I i-bam, imperf. ofeo. ibi, adv., there, in that place.
Laomedon).
Hesperld-es, -um,
plu., the Hes-
ict-us, -us, m., blow. Idem, eadem. Idem, adj., same {Lat. Prim., 64); qui idem=which
perides (nymphs
who guarded
the
also.
golden apples), hestern-us, -a, -um, adj., of yesterday; hest. dies=yesterday.

hie, adv., here.
hie, haec, hoe, adj. pron., this ; ille
.
idone-us,
-a,
-um, adj., suitable, ft.
igitur, adv., therefore.
hie, often
the
former
-um, adj., ignorant gnarus {knowing)]. ignav-us, -a, -um, adj., idle, cowardly [in {not) -}- gnavus {active)].
ignar-us,
-a,
[in {not) -H
the latter.
ign-is, -is, m..,Jire.
hine, adv., hence.
ignor-o,
-are,
-avi,
atum,
y.
1.
be
HippoljH-e,
Hispani-a,
hoc.
-es, f.,
Hippolyte {queen
of the Amazons). -ae, Spain.

See hie.
-i,
ignorant o/[ignarus]. ignot-us, -a, -um, adj.,

[in {not)
Ili-as,
unknown
+ gnotus].
f.,
-Mis,
the Iliad
(name of a
Homer-US,
poet),
m.,
Homer (Greek
Greek poem),
il-latus, part, o/infero.
ille, ilia,
hom-o,
-inis,
hon-or, -5ris,
hor-a, -ae,
f.,
m., man. m., honour.
illud, adj. pron.,
that, he,
ille
,
,
she, etc. {Lat.
Prim., 63);
hour; in horas frcmi
...
hie often
the
former
hour
to hour.
the latter.
il-in]
Vocabulary.
in-cen-do, -dere, -di, -sum, v. 3,
121
il-liivi-es, -ei, f., filth,
hum,
imber,
imbris,
m.,
shower
{Lat.
set
on fire.
Prim., 28). im- stands for in before 6, m, p. Observe tbat in has two meanings.
See in. im-buo, -buere, -biii, -butum, v. 3, dip J soak. im-manlt-as, -atis, f., cruelty, harharity [in
(ii),
in-cido, -cidere, -cldi, v. 3, fall into,
or
upon
[in
\-
cado],
-clusi,
in-cliido,
-cliidere,
-cliisum,
V. 3, enclose,
shut up.
in-c61-a, -ae,
c, inhabitant.
-e,
in-c51-o, -Sre, -ui, v. 3, inhabit, dwell.
in-c61um-is,
adj.,
-i,
unhurt, safe.
nof],
-misi,
in.
in-comm5d-um,
-missum,
1,
;
n., inconvenience
im-mitto,
-mittgre,
[in, not].
V. 3, let in,
send
in-credlbll-is, -e, adj., iTicredible [in,
im-mSl-o,
sacrifice
-are,
-avi,
-atum, v.
not].
[in
{on)
mola {meal)
in-dignatio,
-nis,
f.,
indignation,
mctims were sprinkled with meal].

im-ped-io,
der,
pes],
-ire, -ivi,
wrath
3,
[in, not].
v.
-itum, v. 4, hin-h
in-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum,
prevent
[in
ped-
st.
of
v.
induce, lead on.

-i,
in-du-o, -Sre,
-ptili,
-tum, v.
3,
put
on,
im-pello, -pellere,
3, incite, urge.
pulsnm,
clothe.
in-8o,-ire,
im-perat-or,
pero].
-oris,
m., general [im-
im-perat-um,
pero].
-i,
rule,
command
[im-
-itum, v. 4 {compound of Prim., 102), enter, adopt. in-fand-us, -a, -um, adj., unholy, monstrous, unutterable [in {not) +
-fi,
eo, Lat.
fandus, ger. of for {speak).

in-fans, -fantis,
im-pgrit-us, -a, -um, adj., unskilled
c, infant.
[See in-
in (with gen.),
ira-peri-nm,
pero].
-1,
fandus. ]
rule,
command
[im-
in-fect-us, -a, -um, not
done; re
in-
fecta.= without success.

in-fel-ix, -icis, adj.,
im-pgr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1 (dat. ),

order,
unhappy, unfor-
command
-are,
[in
paro,
put
v.
1,
tunate.
infer-i,
upon.]
im-petr-o,
-avi,
-orum, plu., the dead, in-
-atum,
obtain a request [in

im-pet-us,
-iis,
patro].
habitants of the loiver world [infra], in-fero, inferre, inttili, illatum, v. irreg., inflict,
m.,
attack;
facere
make
-um,
(war),
impetum,
to
charge [in
peto].
in-fest-us, -a,
in-ficio,
adj., unsafe.
im-pono, -ponere, -p6sui, -pSsitum, V. 3, place upon, lay upon. im-prob-us, -a, -um, adj., wicked [in,
not].
-ficere,
-feci,
-fectum, v. 3,
-\-
stain, dip, soak [in (into)
facio].
in-fundo, -fundere, -fudi, fiisum, v.

3,
pour in or upon.
im-pulsus, âr<. o/impello.

in, (i) prep.,
ingens, ingentis, adj., vast, huge.

in-imicus, unfriendly, hostile [in {nof)
-1-
with
into, to ;
(ii)
abl. in, with ace. an inseparable prefix
amicus],
-i,
with negative
felix,
meaning thus,
in-
in-iti-um,
n.,
beginning [in {into)
unhappy.
eo].
122
Vocabulary.
-jicgre,
-jeci,
[in-it
in-jlc!o,
-jectum, v. 3
intra, prep.,
ace, within.
1,
(ace.
and
dat.), caiise^ lay
upoUy
intr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v.
go in,
-|-
throw upon
in-juri-a, -ae,
[in
f.,
+ jacio].
lorong, hurt,
enter.
harm
introltus,
eo].
-iis,
m., entrance [intro
[in {not)
+ jus],
inquit), defect.,
106).
,
inquam (3d. sing., say {Lat Prim.

inquit.
in-sani-a,
[in {not)
in-sci-ens,
in-tii-eor, -eri, -Itus, v.
2, dep., look
on, behold,
See inquam.
ae,
miuW, perf. o/infero.

in-iisitat-us, -a,
madness^ insanity sanus (healthy)].

f.,
-um, adj., unusual.

useless [in {not)
in-iitll-is, -e, adj.,
-entis, adj.,
scio, (know)],
unaware
[in
utilis],
(not)
in-vSnlo,
v. 4,
-venire,
[lit.
-veni,
-ventum,
in-sequor, -sequi, -secutus, v. 3, dep.,
find
to
come upon],
pursue,
in-sero, -sSrere, sevi, -situm, v. 3, sow,
in-video, -videre, -vidi, visum, v. 2

(dat.),
envy (to look upon),

-atum, v. 1, irivite. -um, adj.. unwilling. m., lolaics (a friend of
lole (daughter of
-arum, f. plu., ambush, stratagem [in + sedeo, sit], in-sper-go, -spergere, -si, -sum, v. 3,
in-sidi-ae,
invit-o, -are, -avi,
invit-us, -a,
I51a-us,
-i,
sprinkle on.
in-splclo,
-spicSre, -spexi, -spectum,
V. 3, look [in
in-stit-iio,
Hercules).
I51e, -es,
tus).
f.,
Euryself,
specie],
-uSre, -ui, -utum, v. 3, upon, determine [in + statuo]. in-strtto, -struere, -struxi, -structum,
settle
ipse,
ipsS,
ipsum,
anger.
adj.
pron.,
very,
ir-S, -ae, f.,
V. 3,
draw
f.,
up, equip, furnish.

island.
irascor, irasci, iratus, v. 3, be angry.

ire, infin.
insula, ae,
ofeo.
-ridere,
-risi,
intel-ligo, -liggre, -Icxi,
lectum,
v. 3,
ir-rideo,
-risum, v. 2,
understand, perceive [inter

in-ten-do, -dere, -di,
V. 3, stretch, draio (a
lego],
laugh at
[in
rideo].
-tum and -sum,

bow),
[lit.
ir-rumpo, -rumpere, -rupi, -ruptum,

V. 3, bicrst
inter, prep,
ace, among, between.

be-
ir-ruo,
in [in -mere, -rui,
+
v.
rumpo]. 3, rush in [in
inter-ea,
adv., meanwhile tween those things],

-fic^re,
-feci,
+ ruo].
is, e3,, id,
adj. pron., that, he, she, it;
inter-ficio,
V. 3, kill,
-fectum,
in eo erat
ut= was on
the point of.
iste, ista, istud, adj.
pron., that [is-h
interim, adv. , in the meanwhile.

interi-or, -us,
tu].
ita,
comp., inner, interior. inter-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum,

V.
adv., so, in such
a manner, thus
[is].
3,
let
pass; in
-fui,
pass.,
elapse.
Itali-a, -ae,
f.,
Italy.
Note
80.
v.
itaque, adv., therefore,

irreg.,
and
;
so.
inter-sum, -esse,
betioeen.
be
iter, itineris, n.,
journey
iter facere
=to
-i,
travel [ire].
inter- vallu-m,
n., interval, space
Iterum, adv., again, a second time.

itinSris, gen.
between.
of iter.
jail]
Vocabulary.
123
laetiti-a, -ae, f.,joy [laetus, ô^/A?].
J^c-So, -ere,
-iii,
-itum, v. 2,
lie.
laev-us,
-a,
-um,
-i,
adj.,
left',
laeva
jScIo, jacere, jeci,

cast.
jactum,
v. 3,
throw,
(manus understood),
lament-um,
the left hand.
n., lamentation,
jam, adv., already now. jamdudum, adv., for some time past.
^
Laomedon,
-tis,
m.,
Laomedon
(a
janu-a, -ae,
f.,
door.
king of Troy), lap-is, idis, m., stone,

lapsus, part, o/ labor.
J6v-is, gen. o/ Jupiter,

jiibeo, jubere,
jussi,
jussum,
v.
2,
ISquS-us,
i.,
hid, order.
Lariss-a, -ae,
m., noose. f., Larissa {a town of

f.,
jucund-us,
sant.
-a,
-um, adj., sweet, plea-
of Thessaly).
lassitud-o, -inis,
weariness,
2,
lie
judex, judlcis, m. , ywcZê [jus

jiig-um,
-i,
dico].
lat-go,
-ere,
-ui,
v.
hid,
be
n.,
yoke [root jug-, as in

-xi,
concealed,
latr-o, -onis,
jungo].
m.
robber,
jun-go, -gere,
-ctum, v. 3, join,
connect, span, yoke.
Juno, -nis, f., Juno (queen of the gods and wife of Jupiter). Jupiter, J5vis, m., Jupiter or Jove
(a
-um, adj., broad, wide. laud-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, praise. legat-us, -i, m., ambassador [lego,
lat-us, -a,
send].
legl-o, -onis, f., legion [lego, choose\
len-is, -e, adj., gentle.
Roman
god),
jus, juris, n., right; jus dicere
= ô
Lentill-us,
-i,
m. Lentulus (a proper
,
pronounce judgment.
jus-jurandum, juris -jurandi, n., oath. jvLSsifperf. o/jubeo. juss-um, -1, n., command, order
[jubeo].
juss-us,
-iis,
name),
leo, leonis, m., lion.
Lemae-us,
-a,
-um, adj. , of Lerna

{a woman's name).
(a
district in Aeolis).
Lesbi-a, -ae,
f.
command, bidding,
just [ius]. m., youth, yoicng man.
a,d}.,
Leth-e,
-es,
f.,
Lethe
(one of
the
just-US, -a, -um,
rivers of Hades).
ISv-is, -e, adj., light, slight,
juven-is,
-is,
leviter, adv., slightly.
lex, legis,
f.,
law.
llbenter, adv., gladly, willingly.

liber, libri,
m. book
,
[orig.
bark of a
Labor,
labi, lapsus, v.
3, dep., slip,
tree].
glide,
liber- -a,
liber-i,
lab-or, -oris, m., labour, toil.
-um, adj. , free, -orum, m. plu., children
[i.e.
labor-o, -are, avi, atum, v. 1, labour,

toil.
free, not slaves].

liber-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v., liberate,
set free,
lac, lactis, n., milk.
Laconi-a, -ae,
f.
Laconia
(a region
llbert-as, -atis,
f.,
liberty [liber].
(i.e.
in the Peloponnesus).
lS,crim-a, -ae, f., tear,
LIby-a, -ae,
lic-gt,
-uit,
f.,
Libya
2,
Africa).
v.
impers., is lawfid'
lac-us, -us, m., lake.
Cdat.).
124
Lichas,
Vocabulary.
-ae,
[li-me
m., Lichas [an attendant
malo, malle, maliii,

mSl-us,
-a,
v. irreg.
^re/er.
of Hercules). ligne-Tis, -a, -um, adj., wooden. lign-um, -i, n., wood^ log. Ijg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, tie^ hind. Ligiir-es, -um, m. plu. , the Ligurians.
,
-um, adj. , had. mal-us, -i., f., mast. man-do, -,re, -avi, -atum, v.
charge,
4- do, to
1. (dat.),
command, entrust [manus

give into one's hand].
lim-en,
lim-us,
-inis, n., threshold.

-i,
m., miid. m., Linus

f.
lint-er, -ris, f., boat.
Lln-iis,
-i,
(one of the
mSng, adv., in the morning. m^ne-o, manere, mans-i, mans-um, V. 2, remain. man-es, -ium, m. plu., souls {of the
dead), shades.
mSn-iis, -Us,
f.,
centaurs),
liter-ae,
-arum,
plu.,
letter.
hand, hand of men.
lit-us, oris, n., shore.
mSre,
m2,ris, n., sea.

,
16c-us,
-i,
m.,2:)lace, situation.
;
maiit-us,
longe, adv., far
longius, further.
-i, m. hushand [mas, maW]. Mars, Martis, m., Mars (the Roman
longinqu-us,
-a,
-um, adj., distant.
god of war),
mat-er,
-ris, f.,
long-us, -a, -um, adj., long.
mother.
-i,
loquor, loqui, locutus, v. 3, dep. ,speak.

lot-US,
-i, f.
,
matrimoni-um,
cere in matr.
n.,
to
lotos (a
kind of
fruit),
marriage; dumarry.
lucide, adv. , clearly [lux, light].
matiir-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, hasten.
lucr-um,
luct-or,
-i,
n.
gain.
-atus,
v.
1,
-ari,
dep.,
maxime, adv. very greatly. maxim-us, -a, -um, adj., (superl. of

,
struggle.
lud-us,
-i,
m. game.
,
Mede-a,
magnus), greatest, very great. -ae, f., Medea (daughter of

Aeetes).
-i,
lum-en,
lux,
Inis, n., light.
liicis, f., light.
medicament-um,
medicina,
f.,
n,
drug, poison.
medicine, medical art
M
Mact-o,
fice.
[medeor, heal].
medic-us,
v.
1., sacri-a,
-are, avi,
-atum,
mediocr-is,
-e, Sid^.
medi-us,
-a,
-a,
-um, adj., medical. , ordinary{medms]. -um, ad]., middle, media

(of the) night.
-um, adj., magic. mSgls, adv., more (comp. o/multum). magis-ter, -tri, m., master [root
magic-us,
nox
= the middle
mag- in magnus]. magnifice, adv., splendidly. magnificentia, -ae, f., magnificence,

splendour.
magniflc-us,
-a,
Medus-a, -ae, f.. Medusa (one of the Gorgons, terrible females who had wings and claws, and whose heads were covered with snakes),
meli-or,
-us,
adj.,
better
{comp.
of
bonus),
-um, adj., splendid

f.,
membr-um,
-i,
n., limb.
magnificent [magnus -J- facio].

magnitiid-o, -Inis,
greatness, size.
memori-a, ae, f., memory. mem6r-o, -are, -avi^ -atum,

tion.
v. 1,
meU'
magnopSre,
opere].
adv.,
greatly
[magno
mens, mentis,
-a,
f.
mmd.
magn-us,
-um,
adj.,
great
mens-a,
-ae, f., table.
me-mu]
mentio,
-nis, f.j
Vocabulary.
mention.
125
mitt-o, mittSre, mis-i, miss-um, v. 3,
mercat-or,
-oris,
merc-es, -edis,
fee.
m., merchant. f., 'payment ^ reward^
modo, dbl. o/mod-us. mSdo, adv. only; non modo

sed etiam
mod-iis,
-i,
Merciiri-us,
-i,
m. Mercury (a Roman
,
= not only
but also.
god),
m., way, manner.
mer-go, -gere,
sink.
-si,
-sum,
v. 3,
plunge^
moeni-a, -orum, n, plu., walls (of

town).
merldian-us,
meridi-es,
-a,
-ei,
-um, adj., midday. m., south, midday
mola,
-ae, f.,
meal,
molesti-a, -ae,
[merus, pure^ dies]. merit-US, -a, -um, adj., well-deserved.
f., annoyance. mon-eo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v. 2, warn. mons, montis, m., mountain.
me-us,
-a,
-um, adj., my, mine.
monstr-o,
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
mihi, dat. of ego. miles, militis, m., soldier.

militar-is, -e, adj., military, warlike.
show, point out.
monstr-um,
mor-a,
in
sing.,
-i,
n., monster.
-ae, f.,
delay,
mille,
plu.
millia
(adj.
subst. in plu.),
passuum
mile.
a thousand, mille a thousand paces, a

f.
more, abl. o/mos. mordeo, mordere, mSmordi, morsum,

v. 2, bite.
morior, mori, mortuus,

plu., threats.
die.
v.
3,
dep.,
min-ae, -arum,
Minerva, -ae, f., Minerva (the goddess of wisdom),
Roman
mor-or,
ari,
-atus, v.
1,
dep., stay,
linger, delay.
minime, adv.
not at
all,
-a,
(superl.),
by no means,
{superl.
mors, mortis,
mortalis,
-e,
f.,
death.
adj., mortal.
minimus,
minit-or,
um,
adj.
of
mortifer,
-t-fero].
-a,
-um,
adj.,
deadly [mors
parvus), very
-ari,
little, least.
-atus,
v.
1,
dep.,
mortu-us,
dead.
-a,
-um, part, of morior,
threaten.
Min-os,
-i
(ois),
m., Minos (one of
tlie
three judges of Hades),
mos, moris, m., custom, manner. move-o, movere, movi, mot-um, v.

move.
2,
minus, comp. adv., less. Miny-ae, -arum, m. plu., The Minyae (the people to whom the Thebans paid tribute),
mox,
adv., soon.
-ire, -ivi
mug-io,
and
-S, -itum, v.
4,
low, bellow.
miracul-um,
mir-or,
(at),
-i,
n.,
miracle [miror].
dep.,
muglt-us, -us, m., bellowing,

miilier,
-is, f.,
-ari, -atus, v. 1,
wonder
woman.
f.,
multitiid-o, -inis,
-a,
multitude [mul-
mir-us,
-um,
adj., strange,
tus].
misi, perf. of mitto.
mult-US,
y.
-a,
-um,
-ivi,
adj.,
many, much,
v. 4,
misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtum,

3,
miin-io, -ire,
-itum,
fortify
miXf mingle,
-ae,
f.,
[moenia,
walls'],
mlsgricordi-a,
compassion
miin-us,
miir-us,
-gris, n., gift, office,

-i,
[miser
cor,
heartl
m., wall.
126
Vocabulary,
[mu-nu
neque nor;
music-a, -ae, f., music. mut-o, -are, -avi, -atum,
v. 1,
change.
neque, conj., nor, and not; . neque, neither , . .

. .
Mysi-a,
-ae, f.,
Mysia
(a district of
Asia Minor).
nerv-us,
neque enim, for . not. -i, m. sinew, strength,

.
,
N
'â.ctus, part,
ne-scio, -scire, -scivi or-scii, -scitum,

v. 4, he
ignorant, not know, nescio
o/nanciscor.
quis
slain
= some.
-i,
nam, conj.,/or. namque, conj.,/or.

nanciscor,
nancisci,
Ness-us,
nactus,
m., Nessus (a centaur
by Hercules),
v,
3,
neu,
and not [neu
= et ne].
-|-
dep., obtain.
neut-er, -ra, -rum, adj., neither[\iQ

to
nando, ger. of no,

narrate.
swim.
1,
telly
uter].
niig-er, -ra,
narr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v.
-rum, adj., black.

if not.
nihil, n., indecl., nothing.

v. 3,
nascor, nasci, natus,

natur-a,
dep.,&e horn,
nisi, conj., unless,
nat-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. l,Jloat.

-ae,
f.,
nix, nivis,
f.,
snow.
v. 1,
nature,
character
no, nare, navi,
swim.
si,^^.,
[nascor].
noctu, adv., by night [nox].

-a,
nautic-us,
[navis].
-um,
f.,
adj.,
nautical
nocturn-us,
noct.
-a,
-um,
of the night
tempus
night-time.
nav!gatio, -nis,
sailing.
nolo, nolle, nolui, v, irreg., be un-
navig-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sail
willing {Lat. P*rim., 104).
navis
nav-is,
ago],
f.,
nom-en,
-inis,
n.,
name [what one
is
-is,
ship, n. longa
= w?ar-
known
nondum,
by, nosco].
ship.
non, adv., not.

lest,
ne, conj.,
that not, not

not,
.
.
to.
. . ,
adv. , not yet.
nee, conj.,
and
nee
neither
nor; nee nor [also written
neque].
necesse, n., indecl. adj., necessary.
nec-o, -are,- avi, -atum, v. 1, kill.

neg-ligo,
-ligere,
-lexi,
-lectum, v.
nonne, adv., not (in questions), nonnull-us, -a, -um, adj., some [lit. not none = some]. noSfpron., we. Lat. Prim., 61. nost-er, -ra, -rum, adj., ou/r. not-us, -a, -um, adj., well-known,
celebrated [nosco].
3, neglect,
disregard [nee
lego],
neg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, say no,

refuse, deny.
novem, num.
nov-us,
-a,
adj., nine.
f.,
novit-as, -atis,
novelty \TLoyvi^\
negoti-um, -i, n., business, matter, troioble, task [nee + otium, leisure].
-um, adj., new.

f.,
nox, noctis,
nud-us,
-a,
night.
cloud.
Nemae-us,
nem-o,
-a,
um,
adj.,
of
Nemea
(a
nfibes, nubis,
f.,
valley in Argolis).
-inis,
c, nobody, no one [ne
null-us, -a,
ullus].
-um, adj., bare. -um, adj., no, none [ne
-H
homo],
nep-os, -otis, m., grandson.
num, adv.
interrog. particle, used in
Neptun-us, the sea)*
-i,
m., Neptime (god of
questions
expected.
when the answer No
is
nu-op]
Vocabulary.
i,
127
numer-us,
numm-us,
-i,
m., numher. m., coin,
oc- in
compounds
f.
,
= ob before c.
+ caAo]:
-cisi,
oc-casio, -nis,
opportunity, chance.
-cisum, v. 3,
nunc, adv., now.
oc-cas-us, -us, m., setting [oh
nunquam, adv. never [ne

,
unqiiam].
oc-cido,
kill,
-cidgre,
-f-
nunti-o, -are, -avi, -atiun, v. 1, rejgort.
slay [ob
caedo].
nunti-us,
-i,
ra.,
messenger.
ntiper, adv., recently^ lately.
oc-cumbo, -cumbere, -ciibui, -ciibltum, v. 3, fall ; morte occ. = to
nusquam, adv., noiohere [ne

quam]..
us-
die. oc-ciip-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, seize,
nymph-a,
-ae, f.,
nymph.
come upon [ob

oc-curro,
V.
capio].
-curri,
-currere,
-cursum,
(dat.), meet.
-i,
Ob, prep. ace.

ob-jicio,
on account
-jeci,
of, for.
Ocga,n-us,
m., Ocean,
-jicere,
-jectum, v. 3
6cul-us,
-i,
m., eye.
(ace.
and
dat.),
throw in the
-atum,
v,
way
1,
odi, odisse, v. defect, (used
of\pb
+ jacio].
-avi,
and
in perf. plup. only), hate, Lat. Prim.,

-i,
ob-jurg-o, -are,
reproach.
oblatus, participle of offero.
ob-lino,
sunear.
oblit-us, -a, -um, part,
-linere,
-levi,
odi-um,
-litum, v.
ii.fJixUred,
od-Dr,--oris, m., odov/r, smell.

3,
Oechali-a, -ae,
f.,
Oechalia (a town in
Euboea
of obliviscor,
Oeneus,
Oeta,
ofv.
1,
[?]).
-i,
m.^
Oeneus (father of
(a
forgetful.
ob-llviscor, -livisei, -litus, v. 3, dep.,
Deianira).
-ae,
f,,
Oeta
mountain in
forget (gen.),
obscur-us,
ob-secr-o,
-a,
Thessaly).
-um, adj., dark.

-avi,
in compounds
ob- before b.
-di,
-are,
-atum,
offen-do,
-fendere,
-sum,
v.
3,
entreat,
offend.
of-fero,
ob-sero, -serere, -sevi, -situm, v. 3,

fill.
of-ferre,
ob-tiili,
ob-latum,
V. irreg., offer, present.
ob-ses, sldis, m., hostage.
officina, -ae, f.,
workshop.
[ob
4-
ob-sideo, -sedi, -sessum, v. 2, besiege.

o\)B\iviB,
of-f!ci-um,
facio],
-i,
n., duty, service
part, o/obsero.
-stare,
-stlti,
ob-sto,
-stltum, v.
3,
olim, adv., once, formerly,
stand in the
v. 3, block
uxiy,
Olymp-us,
5-mitto,
-i,
m.,
0Zyw^5 (the abode

-misi,
ob-striio, -struere, -struxi, -structum,
of the gods);
-mittSre,
lose,
up,
-ari,
ob-test-or,
-atus,
v;
1,
dep.,
V.
3,
throw
away,
-missum, pass
implore,
ob-tineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum,
2, hold,
v,
over,
omnino, adv., altogether, whoUy:

omn-is,
-e, adj., all.
obtuli,êr/. o/oflfero.
ongr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, load,
ob-vlam, adv., in the
way;
obv.
fio
oniis, Sneris, n.,
burden,
= to meet
obr. ire
= go
to meet.
6pr-a, -ae,
f.,
difficulty ^
work
128
Opinio, -nis,
Vocabulary.
f.,
[op-pej
opinion^ expectation,
reputation.
oppid-um,
-i,
n.,
town.
ob- lefore p. -uni, adj., seasonable
Pabiil-um,
-i,
n.,
food for
cattle,
op- in compounds
fodder [pasco].
paene, adv., nearly.
pSlaestr-a, -ae,
f.,
op-portun-us,
[ob-portus,
-a,
lit.
at the port}.
-pressi,
gymnasium, wrest-
op-primo,
-primere,
3,
-pres-
ling-ground.
pal-us,
-i,
sum,
V.
overpower,
oppress,
m., stake.
f.,
crush [ob
op-piign-o,
tack.
premo],
-atum,
-urn,
v.
1.
pal-US, -udis,
at-
marsh.
-avi,
parco, parcere, peperci
parsum,
v,
3 (dat. ), spare.
-a,
optim-iis,
adj;
{superl.
of bonus),
best.
excellent,
very
good,
par-eo, -ere, -ui, v. 2 (dat.), obey. pSr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, prepare^
make ready,
i.e.
procure.
opus, operis, n., work. 6racul-um, -i, n., oracle,
pars, partis, i.,part, side, direction.
a mes-
p^rum, adv,, not mry.

parv-us,
-a, -urn, adj.,
sage from the gods delivered by the mouth of a priest or priestess

:
pasco, pascere,
pavi,
small pastum,
v. 3,
sometimes the sacred place where such messages were delivered is called an * oracle [oro],
*
feed
(trans.),
in pass.
= feed
(in-
trans.),
oratio, -nis,
f.,
speech',
habere ora-
passus, participle of patior. pass-us, -us, m.,pace ; mills
passuum
tionem
orator,
orb-is,
to
speak
[oro].
= a mile.
past-or, -oris, m., shepherd [pasco]. pate-fScio, -facere, -feci, -factum, v.
3, open,
-is,
-is,
-i,
Orc-us,
m., orator [oro]. m., world. m., Orcus (Ijie abode of the
throw open.
dead).
ord-o, -inis, m., order, arrangement,
p^t-er,
rank
ex ordine
in order.
,
m., father. potior, pati, passus, v. 3, dep., suffer, allow.

-ris,
orior, oriri, ortus, v. 4, dep.
arise
patri-a,
-ae, f.,
country, fatherland
orta luce
at
dawn.
-atum,
v.
v. 1,
[pater],
om-o,
or-o,
-are, -avi,
-avi,
-atum
-i,
1,
adorn. pray, beg,

re-
speak
[os, oris, inouth].
pauc-us, -a, -um, ad]., few. paulo or paulum, adv., a little, pauper, -is, adj., ôor.
pav-or, -oris, m. , terror, panic. pax, pacis, t, peace.
pect-us, -6ris, n., breast.
peciini-a,
-ae,
f.,
Orphe-us,
beasts,
m.,
Orpheus (a
nowned musician, who entranced

trees,
and rocks, so that
they followed him as he played). OS, oris, n., mouth,

os-ten-do, -dere, -di, -turn,
money
sheep,
[pecus
cattle
(cattle being wealth)].
3,
show,
pSc-us,
-6ris,
n., Jlock,
explain [ob
osti-um,
6v'is, -is*
-i,
tendo].
(collectively).
n.,
doorway, mouth (of a
pec-US, -Mis,
f.,
bMst
(a single
head
river) [os].
of cattle),
c, sheep,
ped- stem o/pe.
pe-po]
Vocabulary.
per-sua-deo,
-dere,
-si,
129
Pgll-as,
-ae, m., Pelias (brother of Aeson, and uncle of Jason).

f.
,
-sum,
part.,
v.
2,
persuade
(dat. ).
-a,
pell-is, -is,
skin, hide.
per-territ-us,
v.
3,
-um,
-avi,
tho-
pello, pellere, pSpiili,
pulsum,
roughly frightened.
per-turb-o, -are,
disturb, agitate.
drive away, heat.
-atum,
v.
1,
pendo, pendere, pSpendi, pensum, v. 3, pay, lit. weigh. Penel6p-e, -es, f., Penelope (wife of
Ulysses),
per, prep, ace, through, hy
per-cipio, -cipSre,
3,
per-venio, -vgnire,
4, reach, arrive.
-veni,
-ventum,
v.
pes, pedis,
m.
foot,
means
of.
peto, petere, petivi
and
petfi, petl-
-cepi,
-ceptum,
v.
tum,
Phas-is,
V. 3, seek,
-is,
feel [per
capio].
-cussi,
-f-
demand, attack. m.. The Phasis (a river
per-ciitio,
V. 3,
-cutere,
-cussum,
flowing into the Euxine).

-i, m., Phineus (a king of Salmydessus (a town in Thrace). Ph61-us, -i, m., Pholus (a centaur
strike [per
qiiatio].
Phine-us,
per-duco,
-duc6re,
-duxi,
-ductum,
V. 3, bring.
peregrin-us,
ager].
-i,
m., stranger [per
-t-
who
entertained Hercules).
-i,
Phrix-us,
-e,
m., Phrixus (brother

See Note, 76.
perenn-is,
adj.,
perpetual [per
-i-
of Helle).
pingu-is,
-e,
annus].
per-eo,
[eo].
-ire,
-ii,
adj.,/a^.
-Xtum, v.
4,
perish
v.
piscat-or, -oris, TCi.,flsherman\îsciB\.
plaus-us, -us, m., applause,

-ferre,
-tiili,
per-fero,
-latum,
pliirim-us,
-a,
-um, adj., superl. of
irreg., hear,
endure.
3, -f facio].
multus), very many.

plus, pliiris, adj., {comp, of multus),
per-ficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, v.
accomplish [per
per-flo,
-Hare,
-liavi,
-flatum,
v.
1,
Pliit-o,
more, several. -onis, m., Pluto (king of the

infernal regions),
-i,
blow through.
per-fringo, -fringgre, -fregi, -fractum,
pociil-um,
n., cup.
dash in pieces [per -f frango]. pericul-um, -i, n., danger peril [lit. an exjêrzment].
V. 3,
y
poen-a, -ae,
polUc-Sor,
f.,
penalty,
-itus,
v.
p6et-a, -ae, m., poet.

-eri,
2,
dep.,
periti-a, -ae,
f., shill,
experience.
promise.
1,
per-lustr-o,
-are,
-avi,
-atum, v.
2,
P51j^dect-es,
-is,
m.,
Polydectes
examine, look round. per-m^n-eo, -ere, -si, v.

V. 3,
(proper name).
remain.
per-riimpo, -mmpere, -rupi, -ruptum,

hurst (through),
per-scrlbo, -scribSre, -scripsi, -scripturn, V. 3, vyrite at length,
P61j^hem-us, -i, m., Polyphemus (i. one of the Cyclops ; ii. one of
the Argonauts),
pom-um,
-i,
n., fruit, apple, n., weight.

p6stii,
Perse-US,
-i,
m.,
Perseus
-solvi,
(son of
pond-us, -6ris, pono, ponere,

place
;
pSsItum,
v. 3,
Danae).
per-solvo, -solvere,
V. 3,
-sSltitum,
camp
ponere castra=to pitch a poni in=ô depend upon.
pay.
I
pons, pontis, m., bridge.
130
Yocabularya
-1,
[po-pr
porc-us,
m., pig.
f.
,
praed-or,
-ari,
-atus,
v.
1,
dep.,
port-a, -ae,
gate.
plunder [praeda].
prae-mitto, -mittgre, -misi,
V. 3,
port-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry.
port-US, -us, m., harbour, port.
posco, poscSre,
pSposci,
v.
3,
de-
-missum, send forward. praerai-um, -i, n., reward, prize.
mand.
positus, participle of pono.
prae-sens, -sentis, adj., present, im-
mediate [prae-sum].
praesenti-a, -ae,
f.,
pos-sideo, -stdere,
2, possess.
-sedi, -sessum, v.
the present.
prae-ses, -sldis, m., protector.

v. irreg. {Lat.
pos-sum, posse, potui,
praesidi-um,
praest-ans,
-i,
n.
protection, guard,
Prim.
,
100), he able, ca.7u

;
garrison [prae -f sedeo].

also
-antis,
post, prep. ace. , after, behind adv., after.
adj.,
remxirkable
[prae
-f sto].
-stiti,
postSa, adv., afterwards.

postSr-us, -a, -um, adj., next, following.
prae-sto, -stare,
-stitum, v. 1,
postquam, conj., when, after: the perfect tense bHqv postquam should generally be translated as though it were pluperfect. pos-tridie, adv., on the next day.
postiil-o, -are,
-avi,
show, put forth. prae-sum, -esse, fui, v. irreg., take the lead, preside over (dat.).
praeter, prep, ace, except, beside.
praetgrga, adv., besides, moreover.

praeter-So,
-ire,
-ii,
-itum, v. irreg.,
pa^s by.
praeter-mitto, -mittere, -misi,
-mis-
-atum, v.
1,
de-
mand.
poteram, imperf.
p6t-ior,
-iri, -itus,
sum,
q/" possum.
V. 3,
pass
-dgre,
over, omit.
-di,
prghen-do,
seize.
-sum,
v.
3,
v. 4, get possession
o/(abl.).
prgmo, prSmSre,
3,
pressi,
pressum,
v.
potui, jper/l o/ possum.
press, check.
-i,
-a..,
praeScut-us,
the end.
-a,
-um, adj., sharp at

-Xtum, v.
3,
prgti-um,
price.
prex, prgcis, t, prayer, entreaty.

-ui,
praeb-So, -ere,
prae-cS,veo,
T. 2,
show,
primum,
prIm-us,
adv.,^r6'^.
-a,
put forth, supply, present.

-cavere,
-cavi,
-um,
adj., first (superl.
-cautum,
-cessum,
distin-
of prior),
pristin-us, -a,
take care.
-cedere,
-cessi,
-um,
ad^.,
former.
prae-cedo,
praeclar-us,
prius, adv., before.
V. 3, surpass, excel.
-a,
prlusquam,
adj.,
conj.,
before {sometimes
-um,
separated by one or more words,

prius
.
.
.
guished, remarkable.
prae-c!pIo,
V.
quam,
,
95).
-cipgre,
-cepi,
-ceptum,
-i-
pro, prep. abl.
for,
on behalf
of,
in
3 (dat.), order, cJmrge [prae
capio].
praecipue, adv., especially.

praed-a, -ae,
f.,
rûrnfor, by way of. pr6c\il, adv., at a distance, far. prod-esse, infin. q/prosum.
proelium,
mittere
-i,
booty, prey.
n.
battle
proel.
com-
prae-dico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, v.

3, foretell.
to join battle.
f.,
profectio, -nis,
departure, start.
pr-qu]
Vocabulary.
-ficisci,
131
pr8-ficiscor,
-fectus,
v.
3,
punct-um,
-i,
n.,
moment.
v. 1,
dep. , set outy start, march.
ptin-Xo, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, punish.

v.
pro-gredior, -gredi,
dep., advance [pro
-gressus,
3,
purg-o, -are, -avi, -atum,

piit-o, -are, -avi,
clean.
gradior].
-atum,
the
v. 1,
think.
pr6-hIb-eo,
-ere,
-ui,
-itum,
v.
2,
Pythi-a,
-ae,
f.,
inspired pro-
prevent [pro
habeo].
phetess of Apollo at Delphi.
proinde, adv., then, therefore.

pro-jicio, -jicSre, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3,
throw, cast
pro-mitto,
V. 3,
away
[pro
+ jacio].
missum,
bring
v.
-mittSre,
-misi,
Quaeque,
quaero,
f.
o/quisque.
-ii),
promise.
-ere, -psi,
quaerere, quaesTvi {or

v. 3, seek,
prom-o,
-ptum,
v, 3,
quaesitum,
inquire.
sort.
out [pro
pr6per-o,
hasten.
emo].
-avi,
qual-is, -e, adj. pron.,
of lohat
-are,
-atum,
1,
quam,
adv.,
how
(with a superl.) as
possible',
-pSstli,
quam
plurimi=<xs
many
pro-pono, -pongre,
-pSsttum,
as possible.
V. 3, set hefore, offer,
propose.
of.
quanquam,
quant-US,
quart-US,
couj., although.
propter, prep, ace, on account

pror-a, -ae,
f.
,
prow.
-sgcutus, v.
3,
pr5-sgqnor,
d.e^.,
-sequi,
quM,
-um, adj., how great. -um, num. did,}. fourth. adj., as if

-a,
-a,
,
follow.
f.,
quattuor,
num.
adj.,/(9wr.
Proserpln-a, -ae,
pro-sterno,
Proserpine (wife of Pluto, and daughter of Ceres),

-stemere,
-stravi,
-stra-
que, conj., and, always attached to a
word, thus
stones,
tela
saxaqy= diSiXts and
tum, V. 3, throw down, stretch. pro-sum, prod-esse, pro-fui, v. (dat.),

profit, avail, assist.
quendam,
qui,
ace.
o/quidam.
pron.,
65.
quae,
which.
certain.
quod, rel. Lat. Prim.,
who,
adj.,
pro-veho, -veliere, -vexi, -vectum, v.

3,
quidam, quaedam,
quoddam,
.
carry forward.
-are,
-avi,
pro-v6c-o,
challenge.
-atum,
v.
1,
quidem, adv., indeed', ne
qui-
dem=no<
-um,
f.,
even.
f., rest.
proxim-us,
-a,
adj.,
next {superl.
qu!-es, -etis.
of propior).
prudenti-a, -ae,
quin, conj., but that;
hand multum
prudence [prudens
{or
minimum)
abfuit quin, *very
=pro-videns].
puell-a, -ae,
piier,
-i,
nearly,*
lit.
*not
B.di}.,
much
fifty.
was
f.,
girl.
wanting but
quint-US,
-a,
that.'
m., hoy [a puero =/rom loy-ae, i., fighting.
quinquaginta, num.
quis, quis,
hood].
-um, num.
quid,
2i^}., fifth.
pugn-a, pugn-o,
ful.
pron.
interrog.,
-are, -avi,
-atum,
v. \, fight.
pul-cher, -chra, -chrum, adj., beautipuls-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, knock.
Lat. Prim., 66. quis, qua, quid, pron. indef., any. Lat. Prim., 67.
whot whatt
quisnam,
quaenam,
quidnam,
in-
puls-us, part, o/pello.
terrog. pron., ichot
whatt
132
Vocabulary,
quaeque,
[qu-re
quisque,
quodque, pron.
redit-us,
-lis,
m. return
,
[redeo].
indef., each.
re-dtico, -ducSre, -duxi,

3,
-ductum,
v.
quisquam,
quicquam, pron. indef., any one, anything; neqne quisquam =a7t^ no one.
quaequam,
bring back.
-tiili,
refer, imperat. o/refero.
rg-fgro, -ferre,
-latum, v. iiTeg.
;
qn6, adv., whither,
and
thither;
bring back, carry back

rg-ficlo,
-ficere,
-feci,
pedem
v.
re-
quo] interrog., whither

qn6d, conj., because. quod, neut. nom. and ace. of qui.
iQTT:e=retrace one^s steps.
-fectum,
3,
repair, renew [re -{- facio].

rg-fiigio, -fugere, -ivig\,\:^,
Note 62. quomodo, adv., how.

quSniam, conj., since. quSqug, conj., also.
quStannis, adv., every year.
quStidle, adv., every day.
fee back,
retreat, take refuge.
reful-geo, -gere,
regi-a.. -ae, f.,
-si, v.
2, shine.
palace.
regin-a, -ae,
rggi-o, -onis,
f.,
f.,
queen.
place, region, country.
qu6ties, adv., as often as.
re^-o,
f
-are, -avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
reign,
qu5usqug, adv. how long quuni, conj., when, since.

,
rule.
regn-um,
-i.,
n.,
kingdom.
-gressus,
v,
rego, regere, rexi, rectum, v. 3, rule.

rg-gredior,
-gredi,
3,
dep., return.
rglatus, part,
of refero.
Ram-US,
seize,
-i,
m., branch.
rapiii,
rg-linquo, -liqui, -lictum, v. 3. leave.

v. 3,
rSpio, rapSre,
raptum,
rgliqu-us, -a, -um, adj., remaining.

rg-luct-or,
-ari,
snatch.
-atus,
v.
1,
dep..
rS.ti-0, -5nis, f.,
mean^, method.
abl. pi.
rebus, dat.
and
of res.
-ceptum,
v. 2,
rgmedi-um,
medeor].
remigo,
-are,
-i,
n.,
remedy
v.
[re
-|-
rgcens, recentis, adj. , fresh.

rg-clplo, -cipSre, -oepi,
-avi,
-atum,
1,
row
recover; se recipere, betake

self recover one^s
self.
ons
[remus + ago]. rg-moveo, -movere, -movi, -motum,

V. 2,
r6crg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, refresh.
remove.
-i,
if
rect-us, -a, -um, adj., straight, right.
rem-us,
m. , oar
remis conten-
rg-cumbo, -cumb6re,
-cubiii, v. 3, lie
dere = o row.
rg-nunti-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, report, announce.
rg-pello, -pellere,
-piili,
down.
rgcuper-o,
recover.
rgciis-o, -are, -avi,
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
-pulsum,
v.
red-do,
-dSre,
-atum, v. 1, refuse. -didi, -ditum, v. 3,
3,
drive away.
-a,
rgpentin-us,
-um., adj., sudjden.

-peri,
restore, give back,
red-So, -ire,
-li,
render [re + do]. -itum, v. 4, go back,

1,
rg-perio, -peiire,
4:,
-pertum,
v.
return [re-J-eo].
red-integr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v.
find, discover. rgper-tor, -toris, m., inventor.

re-pleo, -plere, -plevi, pletum, v. 2,
renew.
m.
re-se]
Vocabulary.
133
rg-pono, -pongre, -p5siii, p5sltum, v.

3, store
away.
Sacc-us,
-i,
S
s^c-er, -ra,
rg-port-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry
hack.
rgptidi-o,
-are,
-avi,
m., hag, sack. -rum, adj., sacred.
-atum,
v.
1,
s^cer-dos, -dotis, c, priest, priestess

[sacer-i-do].
reject, divorce.
res, r6i, f.,
thing , circumstance, affair, business; re yera. in ti^th.

V. 3,
sacrif Ici-um,
facio],
-i,
n., sacrifice [sacer-1'
re-scindo, -scindgre, -scidi, -scissum,
sacrlfic-o, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sacrifice.
cut down.
-sistgre,
-stiti,
saev-us,
v.
rg-sisto,
3,
resist
(dat).
re-spir-o,
-are, -avi,
-atum,
-di,
v.
1,
um., ad^.,f erce, savage. f., arrow. sal, sS-lis, m., salt. Salmydess-us, -i, m., Salmydessus (a
-a,
sSgitt-a, -ae,
hreathe.
town
-sum,
v. 2,
in Thrace).
re-spondeo, -spondere,
sals-US, -a,
answer.
salt-o, -are, -avi,

i,
-um, adj., salt [sal], -atum, v. 1, dance.
respons-um,store,
n.,
re-stit-iio, -ugre,
-iii,
answer. -utum,
sS,l-us, -utis, f., safety, escape,
v.
3, re-
sang-uis, -uinis, m., hlood.

sanit-as, -atis,
f.,
put
hack.
health.
rg-tineo,
-tinere, -tiniii,
-tentum,
v.
s^pi-ens, -entis, adj., wise,

satis, adv., sufficiently.
2, keep, restrain.
re-tiili,
part, o/refero.
-i,
sax-um,
-i,
n., stone, rock,

f.,
re-vert-o, -gre,
v. 3, return.
scSph-a, -ae,
skiff, hoat,
rever-tor,
-ti,
-sus, v. 3 (dep. ) return.
scgl-us, -eris, n., wickedness, crime.

scienti-a,
[scio].
rex, regis, m., king [rego].
-ae,
f.,
knowledge,
skill
Rh2,damanth-us, -i, m., one of the judges of Hades. Rhen-us, -i, m., the Rhine. ridgo, ridere, risi, risum, v. 2, laugh.
rip-a, -ae,
rite,
f.,
scio, scire, scivi or scii, scitum, v. 4,
know.
scribo,
scribgre,
scripsi,
scriptum,
hank.
V. 3, write.
adv., duly.
sciit-um,
-i,
n., shield.
rob-ur, -Sris, n. , oak,
hard wood.
se, sese, reflex,
rog-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ask.
itself, themselves.
pron. , himself, herself, Lat. Prim., 61.

-cessi,
rog-us,
-i, TR. funeral pile. Rom-a, -ae, f., Rome. Roman-US, -a, -um., adj., Roman.
,
se-cedo,
3,
-cedgre,
[se,
-cessum,
etc.
v.
witlidraw
-a,
apart, +0^6.0].
secum=cum
sgcund-us,
[sequor].
se, vxith
him, her,
Romul-us, -i, m., Romulus (the king of Rome).

r5s-a, -ae, f., rose.
first
-um,
adj.,
favourable
secutus, jpar^. 0/ sequor.

sed, conj., hut.
rostr-um,
ru-o, -ere,
-i,
-i,
n.,
heak [rodo, gnaw].
-itum, v. 3, rush.
rock.
sgdgo,
sit.
sedere,
sedi,
sessum,
v.
2,
rup-es,
-is, f.,
nirsus, adv., again,
contraction
of
sed-es,
-is, f.,
abode, seat.
[revorsus
= re versus].
semper, adv., always.
I2
134
VocalDUlary.
[se-st
sententi-a, -ae,
f.,
opinion j purpose.
-sum,
v.
4, feel,
sol-vo, -vere, -vi, -utum, v. 3, loosen,
sen-tio, sentire,
-si,
pay;
put
solvere
to
(navem)=ô
solvere
set sail,
perceive.
sepeli-o, -ire, -ivi,
sea
poenam
= to
-sepultum,
v.
4,
pay
the penalty.
-i,
hwry.
somn-us,
-a,
m.,
sleep.
septlm-us,
-um, adj., seventh.
sonitus, -us, m.,
sound [sono],
sSpultur-a, -ae, 1, burial.
s8nor-us,
-a,
-um, adj., sounding.

f.,
S6quan-i, -orum, m., the Sequani (a

Gallic tribe),
s5p-or, -oris, m., drowsiness, sleep.

s6r-or, -oris,
sister.
sequor, sSqui, seciitus,
v.
3, follow,
sors, sortis, sort-ior,
f., lot.
pursue.
Sripli-iis,
-i,
-iri, -itus,
v.
4,
dep.,
draw
m. SeHphos (an island
lots.
in the Aegean),
spar-go, -gere,
sprinkle.
-si,
-sum,
v. 3, scatter,
serm-o, -onis, m., speech, conversation.

sSro,
serSre,
sevi,
s^tum,
v.
3,
sp^ti-um,
-i, n'.,
space, interval.
sow.
serp-ens, -entis,
servlt-us, -utis,
f.,
f.,
speci-es, -ei,
f.,
appearance, shape.
serpent.
spectat-or, -oris, m., spectator.

spect-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, behold.
servitude, slavery.
serv-o,
-are, -avi,
-atum,
v.
1, save,
spSciil-um,
i.
n., mirror.
f.,
keep.
serv-us,
-i,
spelunc-a, -ae,
cavern.
v.
m., slave.
sperno, sperngre, sprevi, spretum,

3, despise, scorn.
seu=sive.
si,
conj., if.
spero, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, h^pe.

spes, spei,
f.,
SIC,
adv., thus.
hope.
siciit, SidiV.,just as.
sign-um,
-i,
n., signal, sign.
sponte (sua), abl., of one's squal-or, oris, m., dirt.
own accord.
silv-a, -ae, f.,
wood, forest.
;
squam-a,
simnlstabat,
-ae, f., scale.
slmul, adv., at the same time

sine, prep, abl., without.
imperf o/sto.
-i,
ac or simul-atque, as soon as.

sinis-ter, -tra, -trum, adj., left.
stabul-um,
[sto].
n.,
stable,
enclosure
statim,
[sto].
adv., at once,
iminediately
sin-us, -us, m., bosom.

sit-us, -a,
um.,
sive,
adj., situated,
statii-o, -6re,
.
.
.
-iii,
-iitum, v. 3, decide,
sive
or.
conj.,
whether
resolve, stop.
stipendi-um,
-i,
-i,
n.,
payment.
v. 1,
s6ci-us,
sol, îs,
m., companion, ally.
sto, stare, steti,
statum,
stand.
m., sun.
stringo, stringere, strinxi, striatum,
soleo, solere, solitus
sum,
v. 2,
semi-
V. 3,
draw
{a sword).
dep.,
be
accustomed;
n., throne.
-a,
solitus
stud-eo, -ere, -ui, v. 2 (dat.), apply

one's-self.
usual.
s611-um,
-i,
sttidlos-us,
adj.,
-a,
-um, adj., studious,

n.,
soUicit-us,
-um,
troubled,
diligent.
anxious.
sol-US, -a, -um., adj., alon>e.
studl-um,
study.
-i,
zeal,
devotion
to
st-te]
Vocabulary.
-iii,
-i,
135
v. 2, he amazed. m., Stymplialus (a town of Arcadia ; Stymphalides, the birds of Stymphalus). Styx, StjT^gis, f., the Styx (one of the
stiip-eo, -ere,
Stymphal-us,
sup-pono, -pongre, -posui, -pSsitum, V. 3, place under.

supra, adv. and prep, slcc, above, before.
suprem-us,
sus- in
-a,
-um, adj. {superl. of
superus), last.
rivers of Hades),
suav-is,
siib,
-e,
adj., siveet, pleasant.
compounds sub before c, p, t. sus-cipio, -cipSre, -cepi, -ceptum, v.

sub
3,
prep. ace.
and
abl.,
under
undertake [sub
V. 3,
+ capio].
-pendi,
vesperum
under.
= towards evening.
put
-duxi,
sus-pendo,
-pendere,
-pen-
sub-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. 3,
sum,
hang up [sub
f.,
pendo].
dep.,
susplci-o, -onis,
suspicion.
v.
Bub-duco, -ducgre,
V. 3,
-ductum,
su-splc-or,
-ari,
-atus,
1,
draw up
-ire, -li,
{a ship).
-itum, v. irreg. {com-
sub-go,
suspect, expect [sub -f specio]. sus-tineo, -tinere, -tlntli, -tentum,

2,
v.
pound
ofeo), undergo.
sustain
impetum
sust.
= to
siibito, adv.,
suddenly.
siiblt-us, -a,
-um, ad]. , sudden [sxibeo
= to come on secretly],
sub-jicio, -jicSre, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3
(dat.),
place under [sub
-{-
ja/iio].
sublatus, part, of tollo. sublev-o, -are, -avi, -atum,

raise, lift.
stand a charge [sub 4- teneo]. o/ tollo. sii-us, -a, -um, adj.,^, her, its, their. Symplegad-es, -um, The Symple gades (certain floating rocks dangerous to ships).
sustuli, êr/.
v.
1,
sub-mergo, -mergere, -mersi, -mersum, V. 3, overwhelm, sink. subsldi-um, -i, n., help, resources
[sub
cut
T^cit-us, -a, -um, adj., silent [taceo].

-i, n., Taenarum (a promontory in the south of Greece). talari-a, -um, n. plu., winged shoes.
TaenS,r-um,
sedeo].
suc-cido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisum, v. 3,
tal-is, -e, adj.,
such.
dovm [sub+caedo].
-i,
tam, adv.,
so.
suc-us,
HI., juice.
tS,men, conj., however, yet.
sum, esse, summ-us,
fui, v., he.

-a,
-um,
adj.
(superl.
of
tandem, adv., at length. tango, tangSre, tetlgi, tactum,

tou^h,
v.
3,
superus), highest, greatest.
sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptum, v. take sum. poenam = inflic/ 3, punishment.

;
superior, -oris, adj. {comp. o/superus),
tantum, adv., only, so much. tant-us, -a, -um, adj., so great. Tartarus, -i, m., Tartarus (a region of Hades).
taur-us,
-i,
higher
heforQ.
siiper-o,
annus sup.
-avi,
= the
year
m.,
bull,
te {ace. o/tu), thee.

-are,
-atum, v.
3, C07l
tego, tegere, texi, tectum, v. 3, cover.
quer,
tel-um,
-fui, v.,
-i,
n., dart,
weapon.
storm, tempest,
super-sum, -esse, -i, supplici-um,

torture.
remain.
temere, adv., rashly.

tempes-tas,
weather.
-tatis, f.,
n.,
punishm.ni.
136
Vocabulary.
-i,
[te-ul
templ-um,
temp-US,
n., temple.
tra-duco, -ducgre, -duxi, -ductum, v.

3,
-5ris, n., time,
season.
lead across.
tendo, tendSre, tStendi,
tensum and
traho, trahere, traxi, tractum, v. 3,

draio, drag.
trajectus, -us, ra., passage.
tra-jicio,
-jicere,
-jeci,
tentum,
restrain.
v. 2, stretsi, out.
tSngo, tenere, teniii, v. 2, hold, keep,

tent-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, try.
t gnu-is, -e, adj., thin.
-jectum, v. 3,
jacio],
pierce, cross [trans

tranquilllt-as, -atis,
f.,
calm.
terg-um,
-i,
n.,
hack; terga vertere

hack,
i.e.
tranquill-us, -a, -um, adj., calm.

trans, prep,
= to
away.
terr-eo,
twrn
one's
run
ace, across.
-li,
trans-go, -ire,
-itum, v. 4 {com-
terr-a, -ae, f., land, earth.

-ere,
-ui,
pound of eo),
v. 2,
cross.
-fixi,
-Itum,
trans-figo, -figere,
-fixum, v. 3,
frighten.
terribil-is, -e,
pierce.
adj./ear/wZ, terrible.
trans-fodio,
V. 3,
-fodgre,
-fodi,
-fossum,
terr-or,-oris,
m., terror.
run through,
pierce.
tertium, adv., a third time.
trans-port-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1,
-um, num. adj., third. Theb-ae, -arum, f. plu., Thebes {a. city
terti-us, -a,
transport.
trans-veho,
V. 3,
-vehere, -vexi,
-vectum,
of Boeotia).
carry across.
n,, tribute.
Theban-us,
-a,
-um,
-ontis,
adj.,
Thermod-on,
Theban. m., The Ther-
tres,
tna, num. adj., three.

-i,
tribut-um,
modon
These-us,
(a river of Pontus).
-i,
trist-is, -e, adj.,
sad, sorrowful.
m., Theseus (a hero of

f.
tristiti-a, -ae, f.,
sadness.
Attica).
Troj-a, -ae,
,
f.,
Troy (an ancient city
Thessali-a, -ae,
Thessaly (a region
of Asia),
tu, pron., thou, you. Lat. Prim., 61. turn, adv., then, at that tirae.
of Greece).
Thraci-a, -ae,
Tiber-is,
f.,
Thrace
(a country-
north-east of Greece).
-is,
turb-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, trouble,

disturb.
m., the Tiber.

v. 2, fear.
timeo, timere, timiii,
turb-o, -inis, m., whirlwind.

turp-is, -e, adj., disgraceful.
tlm-or, -oris, m.,fear.
tin-guo, -guere, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, dye,

soak.
tut-us,
-a,
tii-us, -a,
-um, adj., safe. -um, adj., your, thy^ thine.
Tiryns,
tollo,
ace.
Tiryntha (a city
sustuli,
of
Argolis).
tollere,
sublatum,
v.
U
Ubi, adv., where, when.
ul-ciscor,
-cisci,
irreg., lift, raise.
tot-US, -a, -um, adj., whole.

tract-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, handle,
feel.
-tus,
v.
3,
dep.,
avenge.
ull-us, -a,
-um, adj., any.

-is,
tra-do, -dSre, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, (1) give up, deliver, (2) report [trans +
do].
ulteri-or,
comp.
2,di].,
further.
ultim-us,
-a,
-um, adj., last (superl
o/ ulterior).
ul-vi]
Vocabulary.
-is,
137
Ulyss-es,
m., Ulysses
{a.
Tenov/ned
vast-o,
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
lay
Greek
umbr-a,
und-a,
hero),
-ae, f,,
waste.
-ae, f.,
shadow, shade. wave.
vast-US, -a, -um, adj., vast.
vghementer,
mently.
adj.,
adv.,
violently,
vehe-
unde, adv., whence. undedm-ns, -a, -um,

eleventh.
num.
veho,
vehgre,
vexi,
vectum,
v.
3,
carry.
vellet, imperf. svibjunct. o/volo.
undiquS, adv., on all sides, from all

sides.
vell-us, -Sris, n., fleece.

-xi,
un-go, -gSre,
-ctum,
v. 3,
anoint,
vel-o,
-are,
-avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
veil,
smear.
cover.
i,
unguent-um,
fmivers-us,
n.,
ointment.
adj., all together.
vel-ox, -ocis, adj., swift.
-a,
-um,
venatio, -onis,
f.,
hunting.
unquam,
adv., ever.
venen-um,
come.^
-i,
n., poison.
un-us, -a, -um, (gen. unius), adj., one.

urbs, urbis,
f., citi/.
venio, vgnire,
veni,
ventum,
v.
4,
uro, urere, ussi, ustum, v. 3, burn.
vent-er,
-ris,
-i,
usque, adv., all the while

=ûntil.
US-US, -us, m.,
ut,
tise,
usque ad
veut-us,
m., helly. m., wiTid.

f.,
Vgn-us,
experience [utor].
that,
.
-eris,
Venus
(a
Roman
goddess),
-i,
conj.,
{Kpith
subj.)
(with
verb-um,
vSrgor,
n.,
word.
veritus,
v.
indie.) as, when.

ut-er, -ra,
vgreri,
2,
dep.,
-rum, adj., which of the
fear.
{N.B.
veritus =/mn%^).
two.
ut-er, -ris, m., wine-skin.
vers-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., he.
verto, vertere, verti, versum, v. 3, to

adj..
uterque,
utraque,
gen.
utrumque,
useful.
turn.
vero, adv., however, in truth. ver-us, -a, -um, adj., trus', re
each (of two), either.

Gtil-is, -e,
litor, uti,
-is, adj.,
vera=
usus, v.
3,
dep. (abl.), use.
in truth, in reality.
vescor, vesci, v. 3, dep., (with abl.),
eat,
utrinqug, adv., on either side.
uxor, -oris,
f.,
wife; uxorem ducere
feed on.
-i,
= to marry.
vesper,
m., evening.
-i,
vestigi-um,
n. footprint, track.
,
vest-is, -is, f., dress, robe, clothing,
vestit-us, -Us, m., clothing.
VScil-us, -a,
v2,l-eo,
-um,
-ui,
adj., etnpty.
v.
vl-a, ae,
f.,
road, way.
-ere,
2, he
strong, he
viat-or, -oris, m., traveller.
effectual,
vS,lid-us, -a,
have effect, prevail. -um, adj., strong [valeo].

n.,
victus, participle o/vinco.
victim-a, -ae,
victori-a, -ae,
f.,
f.,
victim.
vall-is, -is, f., valley.
victory \ymco\.
vall-um,
vas,
-i,
rampart, wall.
adj. various.
vessel,
vict-us, -us, m., food [vivo, l%ve\.
vari-us, -a,
vasis,
um,
n.,
vic-us,
-i,
m., village.
seem.
plu.
vasa,
video, videre, vidi, visum, v. 2, see,
vasorum.
in pass.
138
Vocabulary,
watch.
[vi-ze
viglli-a, -ae, f.,
viv-us, -a, -um, adj., living, alive.

vix, adv., scarcely, hardly.
vixi, perf.
viginti,
num.
adj., twenty.
vill-a, -ae, f.,
mlla, house.
o/vivo.
vim-en, Inis, n., osier.

vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctum, v. 4,
v5c-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call.

v61-o, -are, -avi,
-atum,
v. l.Jly.
vinclum = -vinculum.
vinco,
vincire,
vici,
Und.
volo,
victum,
v.
veile, -ui^ v. irreg. {Lat.
Prim.^
% 104), wish^
Z,
v61ucr-is,
-is, ff,
bird [volo, Jly].

f.,
conquer.
v61unt-as, -atis,
i.,
will [volo, wish].
vincul-um,
chain [vincio]. vinum, -i, n.; wine. vir, viri, m., 2 decl., man.
n.,
v61upt-as, vnsh].
-atis,
f.,
pleasure
[volo,
v5r-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, devour.
viribus, dat.
and
dbl. pi. o/vis.
vos, pron., you.
Lat. Prim., 61. 5

{il^Q
vires, plur. o/vis.
vox, vocis,
virgin.
,
f.,
-i,
voice.
virgo, virginis,
virtus, virtutis,
vis,
f.,
f.
Vulcan-US,
[vir].
fire).
m., Vulcan
god of
1,
courage
2 sing,
jpres.
of volo.
vij plu. vires,
force, strength,
f.,
vulnSr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v.
VIS, vis, ace. vini, abl.
wound.
vuln-us,
-Sris, n,
,
virium, viribus,
violence.
vis-us, -us,
vit-a, -ae,
vit-o,
vultis, 2 plu. pres. ind.
a wound. of volo.
m., sight [video].

life [vivo].
f.,
-are, -avi,
-atum,
v.
1,
avoid,
Zephj^r-us,
-i,
Z
Zet-us,
-i,
escape.
vitr-um,
-i,
n,,
woad
(a blue dye).
m., west wind. m. Zetv^, a %oinged

,
man
vivo, vivSre, vixi, victum, v. 3, live.
(one of the Argonauts).
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GIFT OF

NOTES AND A VOCABULARY

THE BEACON, SEVENOAKS

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND

CO. PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY

encountered by beginners in Latin Trans:

word by the help

the mutual relations of the words, and the order

which the words are

group of words whose English equivalent

the meanings of each separate

are of course presented all at once

the inevitable result

being a certain amount of confusion in the mind of the

book an attempt has been made to graduate

any elaborate system upon

To separate Accidence from Syntax

course impossible, but

obviously desirable to defer

the introduction of Idioms

of detached sentences intended to afford practice in the

Accidence, the use of the Vocabulary, and the simpler

introducing by degrees all ordinary constructions, except

come under the head

Accusative and Infinitive and

the Ablative Absolute are introduced.

Subjunctive, the Accusative and

Infinitive, etc., are explained in special Notes,

liminary Exercises on each are provided.

and Exercises are placed separately at the end of the

a view to smoothing the

Caesar's Commentaries (which maintains,

high place among text-books for lower

and phrases employed by Caesar have been

freely introduced throughout the book.

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

been thrown into a form which,

found more convenient, and a

more help has been

valuable assistance are especially

reference to this book, I venture to quote the follow-

"It launches the student at once in ancient

the best material for

early Latin reading.

are abundantly interesting

taken for granted in the real literature of the language

can be told without starting the beginner on a wrong track by a

very skilfully, the interest of a

continuous story, with the gradual and progressive introduction of

be played upon long enough to make them

Digitized by the Internet' Archive

2007 with funding from

STEM TENSES. Canta-nt

PEIIFECT STEM TENSES.

Second Conjugation (E Verbs).

PRESENT STEM TENSES.

PERFECT STEM TENSES.

10. Tenu-erint 11: iD^cii-eras 12. tei:rii-isti

Third Conjugation Consonant Verbs.

PRESENT STEM TENSES.

PERFECT STEM TENSES. 7. Dux-isti

ALL TENSES. Mitt-emiis