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LIMITED WARRANTY
THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TOWARRANT
IES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FOR EITHERTHE INSTRUC
TION MANUAL, OR FOR THE EPSILON PROGRAMMER S EDITOR AND THE EELSOFTWARE (COLLECTIV
ELY, THE SOFTWARE ).Lugaru warrants the magnetic medium on which the Software is fu
rnished to be free from defects inmaterial under normal use for ninety (90) days
from the original date of purchase, provided that the limitedwarranty has been
registered by mailing in the registration form accompanying the Software.
LIMITED LIABILITY AND RETURN POLICY
Lugaru will be liable only for the replacement of defective magnetic media, as w
arranted above, whichare returned shipping prepaid to Lugaru within the warranty
period. Because Lugaru cannot anticipate theintended use to which its Software
may be applied, it does not warrant the performance of the Software.LUGARU WILL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHERDAMAGES WHATSOEVE
R. However, Lugaru wants you to be completely satis?ed with the Software.Therefo
re, THE ORIGINAL PURCHASER OF THIS SOFTWARE MAY RETURN ITUNCONDITIONALLY TO LUGA
RU FOR A FULL REFUND FOR ANY REASON WITHIN SIXTYDAYS OF PURCHASE, PROVIDED THAT
THE PRODUCT WAS PURCHASED DIRECTLY FROMLUGARU SOFTWARE LTD.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Copyrightc

1984, 2000 by Lugaru Software Ltd. All rights reserved.Lugaru Software Ltd. reco
gnizes that users of Epsilon may wish to alter the EEL implementations of variou
s editor commands and circulate their changes to other users of Epsilon. Limited
permission is herebygranted to reproduce and modify the EEL source code to the
commands provided that the resulting code isused only in conjunction with Lugaru
products and that this notice is retained in any such reproduction ormodi?catio
n.
TRADEMARKS
Lugaru and EEL are trademarks of Lugaru Software, Ltd. Epsilon is a registered tradem
rk of Epsilon Data Management, Inc. Lugaru Software Ltd. is licensed by Epsilon
Data Management, Inc. to usethe Epsilon mark in connection with computer programmi
ng software. There is no other af?liation orassociation between Epsilon Data Man
agement, Inc. and Lugaru Software Ltd. Brief is a registeredtrademark of Borland I
nternational.
SUBMISSIONS
Lugaru Software Ltd. encourages the submission of comments and suggestions conce
rning its products.All suggestions will be given serious technical consideration
. By submitting material to Lugaru, you aregranting Lugaru the right, at its own
discretion and without liability to you, to make any use of the material itdeem
s appropriate.
iii
Note to Our Users
For your convenience,we have not put any annoyingcopy protection mechanisms into
Epsilon.We hope that you will respect our efforts, and the law, and not allow i
llegal copying of Epsilon.Under the Copyright Law, if you provide a copy of Epsi
lon to anyone else for any reason, youlose the right to use it yourself. You may
under no circumstances transfer the program or manual tomore than one party. Th

e Copyright Law says, in part:Any exact copies prepared in accordance with the p
rovisions of this section may beleased, sold, or otherwise transferred, along wi
th the copy from which such copieswere prepared, only as part of the lease, sale
, or other transfer of all rights in theprogram.In other words, treat Epsilon li
ke a book. If you sell your copy, don t keep a copy for yourself!In addition, Luga
ru grants the purchaser of Epsilon permission to install Epsilon on up to twocom
puters at one time, as long as there is no possibility that Epsilon will be in u
se on more thanone computer at a time. The end-user may, for example, install Ep
silon on his or her computer atwork and at home, as long as there is no possibil
ity that Epsilon will be used on both computers atthe same time. This permission
applies to copies of Epsilon purchased by an end-user and notsubject to a writt
en license agreement.We wish to thank all of our users who have made Epsilon suc
cessful, and extend our welcometo all new users.Steven Doer?erTodd Doucet
We produced this manual using the Epsilon Programmer s Editor and the T E X typese
ttingsystem. Duane Bibby did the illustrations.
Contents
1 Welcome 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 11.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Getting Started 5
2.1 Installing Epsilon for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 52.2 Installing Epsilon for Unix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 Installing Epsilon for DOS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.4 Installing Epsilon for OS/2 . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 Tutorial . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 Invoking Eps
ilon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.7
Con?guration Variables: The Environment and The Registry . . . . . . . . . . . .
92.8 Epsilon Command Line Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 122.8.1 DOS-speci?c and OS/2-speci?c Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 172.9 File Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 General Concepts 27
3.1 Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 273.2 Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 273.3 Epsilon s Screen Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.4 Different Keys for Different Uses: Modes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.5 Keystrokes and Commands: Bind
ings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.6 Repeating: Numeric Ar
guments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.7 Viewing List
s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.
8 Typing Less: Completion & Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 323.9 Command History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 353.10 Mouse Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.11 The Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4 Commands by Topic 41
4.1 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 414.1.1 Info Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 43
CONTENTS
v4.1.2 Web-based Epsilon Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
454.2 Moving Around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 464.2.1 Simple Movement Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 464.2.2 Moving in Larger Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 474.2.3 Searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.2.4 Bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.2.5 Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.2.6 Comparing . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.3 Changing Text . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.3.1 Insertin
g and Deleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.3.2 T
he Region, the Mark, and Killing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
.3.3 Clipboard Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 634.3.4 Rectangle Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 644.3.5 Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 654.3.6 Replacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 664.3.7 Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.3.8 Rearranging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.3.9 Indenting Commands . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.4 Language Modes . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.4.1 Asm Mode . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.4.2 C Mode . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.4.3 Con?gu
ration File Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.4.4 G
AMS Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.4
.5 HTML Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
54.4.6 Ini File Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 854.4.7 Make?le Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 854.4.8 Perl Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 864.4.9 PostScript Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.4.10 Shell Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.4.11 TeX Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.5 More Programming Features . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.5.1 Accessing Help . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.5.2 Commenting Comm
ands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.6 Fixing Mistakes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.6.1
Undoing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
04.6.2 Interrupting a Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 914.7 The Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 924.7.1 Display Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 924.7.2 Horizontal Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934.7.3 Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944.7.4 Customizing the Screen . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964.7.5 Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984.7.6 Setting Colors . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
vi
CONTENTS
4.7.7 Code Coloring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 1014.7.8 Video Display Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 1014.7.9 Window Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1034.7.10 The Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054.8 Buffers and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064.8.1 Buffers . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064.8.2 Files . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074.8.3 Internet
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154.8.4
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1164.8.5 Extended ?le patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 1174.8.6 Directory Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 1184.8.7 Buffer List Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1214.9 Starting and Stopping Epsilon . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224.9.1 Session Files . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224.9.2 File Associations and

DDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244.9.3 MS-Windows Int

egration Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254.10 Running Ot
her Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1264.
10.1 The Concurrent Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 1274.10.2 Compiling From Epsilon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 1304.10.3 Notes on the Concurrent Process under DOS . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 1324.11 Repeating Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1334.11.1 Repeating a Single Command . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1334.11.2 Keyboard Macros . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1344.12 Simple Customizing . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354.12.1 Bindings . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354.12.2 Brief E
mulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374.12
.3 CUA Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1374.12.4 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 1394.12.5 Saving Changes to Bindings and Variables . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 1414.12.6 Command Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 1424.12.7 Using International Characters . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454.13 Advanced Topics . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454.13.1 Changing Commands with E
EL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454.13.2 Updating from an Old
Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1474.13.3 Keys and their
Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.13.4 Alteri
ng Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1534.1
3.5 Customizing the Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1554.14 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 156
5 Alphabetical Command List 1596 Variables 2317 Changing Epsilon 301
CONTENTS
vii
8 Introduction to EEL 305
8.1 Epsilon Extension Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3058.2 EEL Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 305
9 Epsilon Extension Language 313
9.1 EEL Command Line Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3139.2 The EEL Preprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 3149.3 Lexical Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3169.3.1 Identi?ers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3179.3.2 Numeric Constants . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3179.3.3 Character Constants
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3179.3.4 String Consta
nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3189.4 Scope o
f Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3189.5 Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 3199.5.1 Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 3209.5.2 Simple Declarators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3219.5.3 Pointer Declarators . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3219.5.4 Array Declarators . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3229.5.5 Function Declarators .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3239.5.6 Structure and U
nion Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3239.5.7 Complex D
eclarators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3259.5.8 Ty
pedefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
9.5.9 Type Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3269.6 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 3269.7 Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3299.7.1 Expression Statement . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3299.7.2 If Statement . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3299.7.3 While, Do While,

and For Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3299.7.4 Switch, Cas
e, and Default Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3309.7.5 Break
and Continue Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3309.7.6
Return Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
319.7.7 Save
_
var and Save
_
spot Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3319.7.8 Goto and Empt
y Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3329.7.9 Block .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3329.8 C
onversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3339.9 Operator Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 3339.10 Order of Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3339.11 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3359.11.1 Constants and Iden
ti?ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3359.11.2 Unary Ope
rators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3359.11.3 S
imple Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
9.11.4 Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 3389.11.5 Function Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 339
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