Analysis on Manifolds ad mL) James R. Munkres assachst ntte of Tochctony ‘Cambridge, Maseachete [ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY The Advanced Bcok PrograPublier: Allan M. Wylde Prodacioe Manage: Jan V Benes Markeing Manages Laure Lily ‘lstonie Cngtion Peter Vacek Cover esi ha Frank Library of Congress Catto Monks, James R190 “Ants on nid James R kre Indes iogapiea erences Tasers! ania? Mase (Metbematic) QaiooarTs 1200 6820 zd Isax oan-st0969 “This book wae prepared ng se TX tpestng language Contght Q1901 by Adtuon Wey Publishing Company, ‘The Advanced Book Program {30 Bdge Pas, Ste 209, Redweo! iy, CA 085 |All igts rere, No pact tis pblation may be reproduce, ord inesetceal poem raed, any fom, ot by any teat ee tonics manic phuewopang, coring ot lice, witout the Fe truss permiion te pubes, Printed in he United tote of Asc. Pebtsed simalenouly in Cand ABCDEFGH-MA91210, Preface Styne graduate level ‘ya lng sou ol tals mel past fhe preparation any peal matenaticn, For the fie hl ef mach cou here ‘Sabin sgement x owt the llabos shoul be. Standard topics Include eqenee and wri, the topcogy of metic sacs and he drvatve ihe Fuconani otopal for fins of gle aria. "There ae ® sof exelent tet or uc cout, icing books by posta [4 oi [Clb (tad yen rong other “Tse ionorechsnierelngernent wo wht the ylaba ofthe second att ch s couse shou be Par of he role that there ate spy "eo ary tops tha Bong ack a cour oe to be eto ether Ili the sone of spe semester, toe thn n aupeil lee "AC MLL, we hee dealt with te bles by oflring tw independent sconefm corti One of tse dea ith he dete nad ‘Ee Rocmannan ata tr onctons rr vibes, lloned by tet ‘et of diferent orm asp of Stoke there for mai in ‘ldo apace ‘The pret ook has riled fom my yeas of ching {hi ours The other dese wih the Lome itegral fy ude space i aplenton o Fore aie Prequistes ‘Ae indiatd, we sane the det bas completed 3 one-term our in sly tnt inca m say of ote pes td of faneGoee a sage Strat We alc nue te sede hese rgiand i na lg, Ieoing weston eco an near tanto, mates gb, and Je "Te fist hata of the oak ie deotd to reviewing the base rs fom linet ngs an np shat we shal ed, Hat hat erly Base teatl witht pot, Bet prot ae proved for thve that ae satin ‘ited in fiw cone. 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Tow much tam the naroror mill wh to mend on thi bape wil Aepeni onthe experince and preparation ofthe sade Twa as ‘Seton and Jn reading mate a dan the realnde a ds How the Book i organized "The min pat ofthe Book flit to part The Sin, coneiing of (chapter 2 though 4 cover materi that Ifa stand erates the et fein tore, the Ria ital, and the hans of variables {Ste for malic tg Thesocnd pai ofthe Soo te bit mere ‘phitd Wincor mane and Siren fre Ry proving ‘he famenerk fr poof fhe eens en of Stoke’ ote ad “hf chapar devoted to dnamion of abet mani, i Intend te tnetan fo more aSvanced eso tebe "The dopenene arong the capers of the Sook expromed in the lowing ingra Chapter 1 The Algebra and Topology af Caper? ierntintion (Chapter 3 Integration Chapter 4 Clhage of Vario Chapter Maile Chaper 6 Diva Fors Chapter T Stoke Thabran (Chaper Cll Poems and act Fos (Chapter 9 Epigue—Lie Outside RE eran sections ofthe back te nrked with an seit the section nay te ont without oe of continu Sal etal choes that tay be omitet are macked with nts. When {tse te bo in out ‘letra analy msec, Iasaly eit Chapter 8, al ssgn Cap {ero serendng, With gradunesudene shade penal Yo sve oe tre book “Ruled of ich sition ast of eerie Some are computtoel in antes fd amnaing to ow ht 2 an empath eae ‘fs fred bal ne Ihe patil aplations ve nite! Oter ‘esc ve hevtal atre, eiting ta the ste analy crtly {he threns and poo af the peeing meson. The mote ileal execs ‘Ste maed with ates, bot aoe unreal aed ‘eknonedgements “Two long works in thi bjt demonstrated that sac topics 2 ans and ferential fc esl Be need with ndergradanter, One 12h cen el at Paneston 100, ten by Nice, Spene, ‘hd Stetod {NSS}. The mond the Bok by Spite (3) Our nee {thee waren obvious. A more wen book on thse oe the one by Guiles and Pllc (G-P)-A number af tent tat tis mater ts moe ‘svat od, They ince boas by Booty [], Abram, Maree, and iste (AEH), Berger aod Gossnue (BC), and Fling (Any of thar ‘rl be stale ding for he stant who wishes tof te pier Tin indbiod to Sardar Hegnoa and Ande Browder fo bell exnments To Ma Voi Wiley go ty thnks fr typing the original et f| Jeeta atom which the bok bed, Fil this doe omy sues SEMLT, who endured my srogaes with th motel, Ted to Tern ‘ow ts mule understandable and pasta) Yo then! aRContents (CHAPTER I The Aigsbra and Topology of 1 SL. Review of Linea Agen 1 $2. Matix Ieemion and Determinants 11 S2. Review of Toplogy in 25 Compact Saipaon and Connected Sobepacn of RY 32 CHAPTER 2. Differentiation a $5. Devvatve 4b 56. Cominuouiy Difeentinbe Functions 49 $1 The Chain ale 58 $8 The nveseFurcton Thostem 63 $60, The tpt Faneton Thor TLcome ne enna “ CHAPTER 7 Stokoe! Theorem as eee err aaa 22. Integrating Form ver Parmcteied Manifold 275 G11, Raion fhe Itgrl 4. Oreneabie Mantas 281 812. Roatan fhe Iara 35. Integrating Foo oerOscted Maiflde 203 {13, The Intl ovr» Bounded Set 104 495. A GuometicIterpsation of For an ntgabe 207 SH Recife Sets 12 27, The Generalised Stee’ Them 301 15. Improper Integrals 21 438. Appinins to Vector Analaa 310 CHAPTER 4 Changes of Vetiblee 138 CHAPTER 8 Closed Form and Exact Forms a 16. Parion of Unity 135 $9, The Poincaré Lamm 324 17, The Change of Variabhe Town 14 0. The deRham Group of Paneard Bucldenn pute 534 518, Dieomerpisrs in RY 152 {10, Proofot the Chang of Vaities Theorem 160 CHAPTER 9. Brilogu us Sr Alsen cf Chase $4, Dillntiale Mani and Ramanninn Moos 345 CHAPTER 5. Manito 1 a1 uocRAPHY 29 S21, The Volumes ofa Paalleloipad 178 $22, The Volume os Parmsteaed Manifll 185 $22. Maisie RY 194 24, Toe Boundary ofa Manifold 201 125. Tetagaing» Salar Function oer + Maio 207 25. MatineAlgsee 720 27, Alvenating Tess 726 28 The Wage Product 206 29, Tanget Vector and Dieta erm 2 £90. The Dierntial Operator 282 51. Application to Vector and Sela ite 282 152, The Aeuow of Dieeatiate Map. 267Analysis on ManifoldsThe Algebra and Topology of R" |. REVIEW OF LINEAR ALGEBRA Suppou one is gn set Vo objets, called vectors. And suppose there gen an operation cle vector additions thet the tm ofthe ‘puri cule telar mleipeation such tat te recto the sel (Cerra umber) cand the wetness eter dented ‘The at V, spite ith tha to operations ead a vector space (ce Hina space} he owing proper bol fal ete 5 # and Macias (yxtyaytx xb tn= (ety) 40 (@) Thar unique voor Onc that x ¢O= xr tl (xr Dew o, (iene, (0) lds) = (ed (er deneetde‘Ove example ear space nb et ofl taper el mumbo, ih component nin ton apd apleation by seals That by = Gcntzs) and y= (hye) toon stylet iot ti em (ety 024 “The vector ace proprio ae ey to check NV ba veto opcy, ten suber W of Vice linear abapace (oc simply, subypace) of for snry pry of emente af Wand ery cane the vecton ey and ex tel onic, Ws nee fropertice (1)(8) te te the operations thot Wine fom Vw that Wiss vector pace inte own gh The fe pr th bok Rand it sab ate the oly vector pce ith rsh eal be concerned In nr capt al de mie tore general vstor space ALY be m voor space, A eta span V io such nV there comps Cheech et J of vectors in V i ado vast one mee waa In thin cae, me ay that x ca be witen a Hina combination of he V there earsponde at rast one metule facts Cy ED if wc aid Wo be indapendent i 10 eck x avian (ain) independent io th ao vector Other cae ‘ponds ony ote map sear dd sh th = in tod da =0 cs Th apne V andi independent ‘Ove ta th allowing sel: ‘Thcorem 11. Suppose V has lass consisting of m vectors. ‘Then any sat of wctor thet spans V Basa least m sectors ad ay et fectort of Vth i dependent has at most m sector. In parla, hy tat for'V ha excty m vectors. © IV has bai cnsiting of eters, we say that mia he dimension 6 Werle he contin hat the actor apace easing eat ‘ctor leo he dienio % ff ies Teer e920 hat RY hae dneson (Supt) The owing et tye allel the standard Ba fo ,0.0,...08 1.0.2.0 = 0.0.0,..50) “The vector pace Rha many othe at, bu any ba fr RY atc ‘One can send te detstion of spanning, independence, ani asso slow fr nit sot of eto ten isp fora vector spe to hate Sings base (Seth eerie) Homever, esa mt be oncrsed it ‘ecm RY asa Site bso doc every abapae of RY. Th fat “Theorem 1.2. Let V bee wstor ape of dimension m. If W is staan eubapace of V (dierent from V), then Whos dimension lee than me Furthermore, any basen, for W may be extended 1.8 fests mycraas teste -nitg for VG ICV ina vector apace, an inner product on Vie a facie aging Asa pir yy af ens of Vee meer denoted yy), {awing propetive bd all yy 8 in anal alas fea) = 09) 2) Gey.) = + tn (8) (on) = eta) = He ex >ouego -Avecter poce V logter with an ine profseton V elo a toner produce space. “hg vrtor space may have many diferent inner products. One pa ican tl ones puck on Bdfd allows I =) ‘nh wedeve feo) = ein ate Toe propionate vey Tih esp tr dna by ary) ler thea =) to veld confusion withthe mse rofact which we thal dn sory