Chapter one 1.

Exponential growth- a quantity increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time it starts off slowly, but doubles and grows to a large # (j-graph) - An example would be the increase of human population on earth 10,000 years ago there were 5 million ppl and today there are 6.6 billion; increase in some animal specie 2. Solar capital- energy from the sun and is a fixed source. It supports planet earth and all its plants and animals. -natural capital- natural resources and natural services that keep ppl and other species alive (supports our economics) it is also not fixed -solar capital give energy to life as natural capital give sources that help sustain life (ppl) 3. Living on interest- when ppl are living off the land and making interest to sustain their own life and grow living on principle- when ppl look at theories and observation and base life off of that (more scientific) - today most people are trying to survive not on studies of life and sciences, but I believe ppl are living on interest. However living on interest will lead to bankruptcy and living on principle will lead to a stable life. - if we keep life like so, money and business will be very demanding and ppl many become greedy 4. Globalization- social, economic, and environmental change that leads to and increasingly integrated world - agriculture, new industries, migration of ppl (ppl affect animals, urbanization, technology) - pros-advances help make life easier to some/most ppl cons- every action has a consequence (ex. Pollution leads poison to life around ours) 5. Developed countries- have a high GPA average and have income developing countries- middle-low income and have twice as much ppl thank developed countries and a social division 6. Physically depleted- used up and non-reusable. (coal) economically depleted- cost of extracting and using what is left exceed economic value nonrenewable- cannot be replenished through natural process (plastic) renewable- can be replenished though natural process (air, forest, water, animals) potentially renewable- can POSSIBLLY be renewed reuse- can be used multiple times to replace one- fine use bottles/items recycle- to be used to make other items 7. Sustainable yield- highest rate at which renewable sources can be used infinitely without reducing its available supply -as ppl exceed resources natural replacement, the availability supply begins to shrink. Such as urbanization, top soil erosion, pollution, clearing forest - tragedy of the commons- degration of potential renewable resource to which ppl have free and unmanaged access

 solutions: 1. Use free- access resources at rates below sustainable yield 2. Convert free-access resources to private ownership 8. Point source of pollution- single, identifiable source (smoke stack) nonpoint sources of pollutants- large, dispersed, and often difficult to ID (pesticide stray) persistent- how long a pollutant stays in air, water, soil, or body non degradable pollutants- chemicals that natural process cant break down (mercury) -pollution prevention- reduce/eliminates production of pollutants pollution cleanup- involves cleanup /diluting pollutants after produced -by applying the knowledge of point sources and nonpoint sources of pollutions and combing pollution preventions and cleanup can help reduce pollutions, esp. from the point and nonpoint sources 9. The main cause for environmental problems are 10. Vocab Affluenza- unsustainable addiction to over consumption and materialism exhibited in the lifestyles of many affluent consumers in US and other countries Agricultural revolution- allowed ppl to settle in villages and raise crops and domesticated animals Biodiversity- irreversible loss of earths incredible cariety of life forms and the places or habitats where they live Common-property- one cause of environmental degradation of renewable resources Developed countries- 1.2 billion ppl and are highly industrialized and have a high avg of GDP Developing countries- all nations with 5.4 billion ppl or more Early conservation era- some ppl became alarmed at the scope of resource depletion and degradation in the US Ecological footprints- avg eco footprint of an individual in an area Ecology- a biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment economic development- the improvement of human living standards by eco growth economic growth- an increase in the capacity of a country to provide ppl with good and services energy resources- exhaustible nonrenewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas environment- the sum total of all living and nonliving thins that affect any living organism environmental career- someone whos work involves environmental science and diversity of discipline opportunity environmental degradation- when we exceed a resources natural replacement rate, the available supply begins to shrink