Chemlog 3.1.3 SWOT FINAL Germany-Chemical Industry SWOT

ChemicalLogisticsCooperation
inCentralandEasternEurope
SWOTAnalysis
Germany(SaxonyAnhalt)
Strengths
Opportunities
Weaknesses
Threats
SWOTAnalysis
Project[ChemLog]
TABLEOFCONTENT
STRUCTURE..........................................................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTIONTOREGION/COUNTRY......................................................................................................................................5
DESCRIPTIONOFCHEMICALINDUSTRY........................................................................................................................................7
3.1
CHEMICALSALES...........................................................................................................................................................8
3.2
COMPANYSTRUCTURESIZEOFENTERPRISESANDEMPLOYEES...............................................................................................9
3.3
INTERNATIONALTRADE...................................................................................................................................................9
3.4
REGIONALSTRUCTUREOFCHEMICALINDUSTRY.................................................................................................................10
DESCRIPTIONOFCHEMICALLOGISTICSINTHEREGION/COUNTRY...................................................................................................13
4.1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................................13
4.2
INTERMODALTRANSPORT.............................................................................................................................................14
4.2.1ACTUALANDPLANNEDFIGURES......................................................................................................................................15
4.2.2MAINCORRIDORSANDMAJORINFRASTRUCTURE................................................................................................................15
4.2.3GOVERNMENTPLANSANDPOLITICALPROGRAMS................................................................................................................16
4.3
ROADTRANSPORT.......................................................................................................................................................17
4.4
RAILWAYTRANSPORT...................................................................................................................................................20
4.5
WATERWAYTRANSPORT...............................................................................................................................................24
4.6
PIPELINETRANSPORT...................................................................................................................................................26
INTERNALSTRENGTHSOFCHEMICALCOMPANIESANDLOGISTICPROVIDERS.....................................................................................30
5.1
STRONGINTEGRATIONOFPRODUCTIONPROCESSES.............................................................................................................30
5.2
CENTRALISATIONOFONSITELOGISTICS........................................................................................................................30
5.3
INTERNALOPTIMISATIONOFSUPPLYCHAINCOSTS.............................................................................................................30
5.4
CONTRACTLOGISTICSFORSTORINGRAWANDPACKAGINGMATERIAL.......................................................................................30
5.5
STOCKMANAGEMENTANDCONTROL...............................................................................................................................30
5.6
LOCATIONDEVELOPMENTCONCEPTS...............................................................................................................................30
5.7
ONSITETERMINALSFORINTERMODALTRANSPORT.............................................................................................................31
5.8
PIPELINENETWORKS....................................................................................................................................................31
5.9
RESPONSIBLE TREATMENT WITH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES IN THE PRODUCTION, LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORT
HIGHSAFETYSTANDARDS..............................................................................................................................................31
5.10 PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENTSBYJOINTEFFORTSANDCOOPERATION....................................................................................31
INTERNALWEAKNESSESOFCHEMICALCOMPANIESANDLOGISTICPROVIDERS...................................................................................32
6.1
HIGHSUPPLYCHAINCOST............................................................................................................................................32
6.2
DEPENDENCEOFMARKETVOLATILITYREGARDINGINTEGRATION.............................................................................................32
6.3
INSUFFICIENTRELIABILITYOFSELLINGFORECASTS................................................................................................................32
6.4
INSUFFICIENTABILITYTOPLANTHEDEMANDOFRESOURCES..................................................................................................32
6.5
CUSTOMERRELATIONS.................................................................................................................................................32
ProjectPartner:GERMANY
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EXTERNALOPPORTUNITIESANDCHANCESFORCHEMICALLOGISTICSINCENTRALANDEASTERNEUROPE...................................................33
7.1
CENTRALLOCATIONINEUROPEATTHECROSSROADSOFTRANSPORTAXESBETWEENWESTERNEUROPEANDASIA............................33
7.2
POSITIVEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDINCREASINGFREIGHTTRANSPORT...............................................................................33
7.3
GOODINFRASTRUCTUREESPECIALLYROADINCENTRALGERMANY..........................................................................................33
7.4
PARTICIPATIONINSHAPINGREGULATORYFRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................33
EXTERNALTHREATS,PROBLEMSANDBARRIERSFORCHEMICALLOGISTICSINCENTRALANDEASTERNEUROPE..........................................34
8.1
INADEQUATEACCESSTOWATERWAYS..............................................................................................................................34
8.2
RAILSYSTEMSINWESTANDEASTEUROPEARENOTCOMPATIBLE.........................................................................................34
8.3
LACKOFPIPELINECONNECTIONSFROOLEFINSBETWEENTHECHEMICALCOMPLEXES...................................................................34
8.4
INADEQUATERAILANDROADINFRASTRUCTURE.................................................................................................................34
8.5
LONGDURATIONOFREALISATIONOFPLANNEDINFRASTRUCTURE............................................................................................34
8.6
INADEQUATESTRUCTUREOFTERMINALSTRUCTUREFORINTERMODALTRANSPORT...................................................................34
8.7
CONGESTEDPORTSINTHEBALTICANDTHEBLACKSEA........................................................................................................35
8.8
INSUFFICIENTHARMONIZATIONOFADMINISTRATIVEANDTECHNICALSTANDARDS,SAFETYANDSECURITY
STANDARDSANDSOCIALSTANDARDS...............................................................................................................................35
8.9
BUROCRACYINCUSTOMSCLEARANCE(RIDSGMS)...........................................................................................................35
8.10 ABSENCEOFEMERGENCYRESPONSEANDCRISISMGMTSYSTEMS(I.E.TUIS)..........................................................................35
8.11 HARDTOFINDPEOPLEWITHEXCELLENTLOGISTICSBACKGROUND...........................................................................................35
8.12 DIESELPRICE/TOLLFEES..............................................................................................................................................35
8.13 BEHAVIOUROFFORMERSTATEOWNEDRAILWAYCOMPANIES(BLOCKING,INTRANSPARENCYANDFREIGHTCOSTS)LIBERALISATION......35
8.14 LACKOFPARITYOFWESTEASTTRANSPORT.......................................................................................................................36
8.15 LACKOFAWARENESSFORCHEMICALTRANSPORTS...............................................................................................................36
NEEDSFORFUTUREACTIONSANDIMPROVEMENTSCONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................37
9.1
BETTERCOORDINATIONOFPANEUROPEANINFRASTRUCTUREPROJECTS.................................................................................37
9.2
MOREEFFECTIVEDISTRIBUTIONOFEUFUNDS...................................................................................................................37
9.3
DEVELOPVISIONOFAPANEUROPEANOLEFINPIPELINENETWORK........................................................................................37
9.4
INVESTMENTSINRAILANDROADINFRASTRUCTUREINCE&EE..........................................................................................37
9.5
INVESTMENTSINTERMINALSFORINTERMODALTRANSPORT...............................................................................................38
9.6
BUILDALTERNATIVEPORTSFORSHORTSEATRANSPORT.......................................................................................................38
9.7
HARMONIZATIONOFSTANDARDS...................................................................................................................................38
9.8
IMPLEMENTERANDCRISISMGMTSYSTEMSFORTHECHEMICALINDUSTRY.............................................................................38
9.9
KNOWHOWTRANSFER...............................................................................................................................................38
9.10
COORDINATIONANDBUNDLINGOFTRANSPORT............................................................................................................38
10
LITERATURE.......................................................................................................................................................................39
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1 STRUCTURE
Literature
Needsforfutureactionsandimprovements Conclusions
Internal
Strengths
ofChemical
Companies
andLogistic
Providers
Internal
Weaknesses
ofChemical
Companies
andLogistic
Providers
External
External
opportunities
Threats,
andchances Problemsand
forchemical
Barriersfor
logisticsin
chemical
Centraland
logisticsin
Eastern
Centraland
Europe
Eastern
Europe
Descriptionofchemicallogisticsintheregion/country
Descriptionoftransportinfrastructure
DescriptionofChemicalIndustry
IntroductiontoRegion/Country
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2 INTRODUCTIONTOREGION/COUNTRY
SaxonyAnhalt is one of the 16 Federal States (Lnder) in Germany. It boarders to four
neighboursBrandenburg,Saxony,ThuringiaandLowerSaxonyandhasnoboardertoforeign
countries.SaxonyAnhaltistheeightlargest(intermsofsurfaceandthetenlargest(interms
of population) Land in Germany. The surface of SaxonyAnhalt equals to 20.445 square
kilometres(5.7%ofthesurfaceofGermany)and2.52millioninhabitants(3.5%ofGerman
population)livehere.Thenorthernareashavearatherlowdensityofpopulation,whereas
the central a southern parts of the region have more than 150 inhabitants per square
kilometre.Theaverageisapproximately123.5inhabitantspersquarekilometre.Thecapital
ofSaxonyAnhaltisMagdeburgwith229.725inhabitants.Halle/Saaleisthelargestcitywith
234.802inhabitants.
The infrastructure has been constantly extended and improved in the past years. A dense
transport network connects the Land with its neighbouring countries. The highway A2
(HannoverMagdeburgBerlin), A9 (NrnbergHalleBerlin) und A14 (DresdenMagdeburg)
are crossing SaxonyAnhalt. The highway through the southern Harz (A38) is under
construction. The international Airport is located in HalleLeipzig. Moreover SaxonyAnhalt
has important inland waterways (Elbe, Saale, Mittellandkanal, ElbeHavelKanal). Already
since the establishment of the railway network in the 19th century, several important
railway routes are crossing SaxonyAnhalt (e.g. connection NrnbergHalleDessauBerlin).
TheriverElbeisoneofthemostimportantcentralEuropeanwaterwaysandconnectionof
theinlandwatertransporttotheoverseeportsinHamburg.TheElbeflowsfromSoutheast
toNorthwestofSaxonyAnhalt303kilometres
2007
InhabitantsinMio
2,5
Areainkm
20.445
GrossDomesticProductinbillionEUR:
2000 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 2008
43,3
47,2
47,3
49,2
51,6
44,0
45,8
46,1
53,8
GrossDomesticProduct/capita(employee):
2000
40.892
2001
2002
2003
2004
42.331 44.787 45.703 46.937
2005
2006
2007
2008
47.733 49.381
51.030
52.790
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MapofSaxonyAnhaltanditslocationinCentralGermanyandEurope
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3 DESCRIPTIONOFCHEMICALINDUSTRY
The chemical industry is the 2nd biggest industrial sector in SaxonyAnhalt and has high
importancefortheregionaleconomy,internationaltradeandinnovationcapacity.Sincethe
early1990s,investmentsintheamountof17billioneuroweremadeatthemajorsitesin
SaxonyAnhalt Leuna, Schkopau, BitterfeldWolfen, Zeitz, Piesteritz and Bhlen (Saxony)
andSchwarzheide(Brandenburg)intorehabilitationandnewconstructionofinfrastructures
andproductionplants.TheCentralGermanChemistryTrianglehasachemistryparkareaof
more than 5,500 ha and ultramodern product integration schemes. These sites with their
synergetic potentials provide best prerequisites for new business settlements. Key
competenceareasintheregionincludefineandspecialtychemistry,polymerchemistryand
plasticsdevelopment,compositematerialsandagrochemistry,whileeminentinternational
potentials are also available in the fields of nanotechnology and material research and
developmentforthesolarindustry.
The chemical industry in the regions SaxonyAnhalt, Saxony, Thuringia and Brandenburg
haveinitiatedtheChemistry/PlasticsClusterCentralGermanyasthebusinesscommunityas
a platform of interstate collaboration at the future conference of Economic Initiative for
CentralGermanyin2003.Membershipincludeslarge,mediumandsmallscaleenterprises,
their associations, education and research institutions, service providers as well as politics
and administrations. The Future Cluster builds on established network and cooperation
structuresandpromotesformationofvalueaddedchainsasareformedfromresearchvia
feedstock materials to final products. One generic featureof clusters is a concentration of
valueadded chains. This applies in particular to Central Germany because the corporate
landscape in Saxony, SaxonyAnhalt, Thuringia and Brandenburg is characterised by
chemistry. The region between rivers Elbe, Saale, Havel, Spree and Neie is a land of
chemistry.
Chemicalindustryandplasticsprocessinghavewrittenanimpressivesuccessstoryfollowing
introductionofmarketeconomyinEasternGermanyandtodayareamongthemajorgrowth
branchesinCentralGermany.Thisindustrytakesacombinedshareofabout14percentin
the total sales of the processing trade in the federal states of Saxony, SaxonyAnhalt,
Thuringia and Brandenburg. Some 750 chemical and plastics companies generated a
turnover of ca. 20 billion Euros in 2007 an increase of some 15 per cent compared to
previousyearfigures.Thus,adevelopmentwaskeptupthathascontinuedforelevenyears.
Sales haverisen by 200 percent from 1995 to 2006. The chemical and plastics industry in
Saxony,SaxonyAnhalt,ThuringiaandBrandenburghasalsoprovenanemploymentmotor
and currently provides 76,000 jobs in 2007 a growth by approximately 40 per cent
comparedto1995.Anotherproofofthesuccessfulroadisalsothesharpriseinproductivity
which was120 per cent in 2006 with sales of 251,000 euro per employee ascompared to
1995.
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The turnover of central German chemical industry and plastic and rubber industry have
increased above average compared to German and global levels. From 20022007 the
turnover of the chemical industry has increased by 11,4 % p.a. and by 10,0 % p.a. in the
plastic and rubber industry. These growth rates are twice as high as the German average.
The leap becomes even more obvious when looking at the time before restructuring. In
Leuna,forinstance,27,000employeesgeneratedaturnoveroftheequivalentof1.5billion
euroin1990.In2006, 9,000staff generatedsixbillioneuro,i.e.quadrupledtheeconomic
performance.
The strengths and challenges but also the economic importance of the chemical industry
differsbetweenthecentralGermanLnder.InSaxonyAnhaltandBrandenburgtheturnover
productivity and export rate is higher than the German average. The Plastic Region
ThuringiaischaracterisedbymanysmallandmediumsizedcompaniesandtheChemistry
Region SaxonyAnhalt has larger companies. The joint challenges are especially the
relatively low R&D expense of the enterprises, which are important for the international
competitiveness.ThewagelevelhasseenasmallequalisationtotheWesternregions.The
wagelevelsareinbothbrachesatapproximately70%.
3.1 CHEMICALSALES
SalesofchemicalindustryinMioEUR:
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Manufactureofbasicchemicals*
Manufacture of pesticides and other agro

chemicalproducts
Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar

coatings,printinginkandmastics
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal

chemicalsandbotanicalproducts**
Manufactureofsoapanddetergents,cleaning
and polishing preparations, perfumes and
toiletpreparations
Manufactureofotherchemicalproducts***
Manufactureofmanmadefibres
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 3.634

products
3.678 3.901 3.844 4.365 4.961 5.522 6.557
Manufactureofrubberproducts****
246
Manufactureofplasticproducts*****
1.543
Manufactureofplasticandrubberproducts
879
1.037 1.071 1.305 1.447 1.509 1.704 1.789
Share of chemical sales in processing 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
industry
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 19%
products
Manufactureofplasticandrubberproduct
5%
18%
19%
16%
17%
17%
16%
17%
5%
5%
6%
6%
5%
5%
5%
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3.2 COMPANYSTRUCTURESIZEOFENTERPRISESANDEMPLOYEES
Numberofenterprises
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical

products
19employees
1049employees
1.441
50249employees
5.078
250employees
9.178
19employees
1049employees
1.506
50249employees
4.429
250employees
2.777
Manufactureofplasticandrubberproduct
Numberofemployees
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 11.676 11.896 12.486 12.773 13.141 13.663 14.217 15.697
products
Manufactureofplasticandrubberproduct 5.641
6.480
6.376
7.514
8.152
8.241
8.250
8.712
3.3 INTERNATIONALTRADE
Exportquotain%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2007
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 32%

products
39%
40%
42%
43%
44%
45%
42%
23%
26%
27%
25%
25%
24%
27%
28%
ImportofchemicalsinMioEUR
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Manufactureofbasicchemicals*
Manufacture of pesticides and other agro

chemicalproducts
Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar

coatings,printinginkandmastics
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal

chemicalsandbotanicalproducts**
Manufactureofsoapanddetergents,cleaning
and polishing preparations, perfumes and
toiletpreparations
Manufactureofotherchemicalproducts***
Manufactureofmanmadefibres
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 1.177

products
1.426 1.552 1.619 1.883 2.196 2.458 2.763
Manufactureofrubberproducts****
Manufactureofplasticproducts*****
201
269
286
324
361
363
458
505
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Geographic breakdown of chemicals 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
exportin%
EU27
EU15
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,

Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech
Republic,Hungary,Cyprus
Bulgaria,Rumania
RestofEurope
NAFTA
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
Asia
Africa
Australia/Oceania
Geographic breakdown of chemicals 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
importin%
EU27
EU15
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,

Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech
Republic,Hungary,Cyprus
Bulgaria,Rumania
RestofEurope
NAFTA
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
Asia
Africa
Australia/Oceania
3.4 REGIONALSTRUCTUREOFCHEMICALINDUSTRY
MajorCompaniesandchemicalsites
Turnover2007
inMioEUR
Location/chemical
site
Numberof
employees
4.890
Schkopau
2.300
1.032
Schwarzheide
1.898
SALUTASPharmaGmbH
920
Barleben
1.400
DomoCaproleunaGmbH
610
Leuna
470
BayerBitterfeldGmbH
580
BitterfeldWolfen
513
SKWStickstoffwerkePisteritzGmbH
473
Lutherstadt
Wittenberg
769
DowOlefinverbundGmbH*
BASFSchwarzheideGmbH
*turnoverofcompany
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Central European Chemical Network The Internationally Successful Network of the

CentralGermanChemicalSites
ThenetworkoftheCentralGermanchemicalsites,theCentralEuropeanChemicalNetwork
(CeChemNet), combines the six sites in Bitterfeld, Leuna, Schkopau, Bhlen, Zeitz and
Schwarzheide with about 5500 hectares. There are 600 companies operating with 27000
employees. CeChemNet is a network of chemical companies and chemical park operators,
which successfully links competencies and knowhow of chemical park management. The
network concentrates regional strengths of chemical park development, creates synergies
with the feedstock integration in the Central German chemical triangle and forces the
knowledgetransferamongitssixchemicalsitesinthreefederalstatessuchasSaxonyAnhalt,
SaxonyandBranberburg.MoreoverCeChemNetcoordinatestheexchangebetweenindustry,
sciencesandpoliticsandsupportsthemarketingofchemicalparkareainclosecollaboration
withinvestmentandmarketingagenciesatnationalandfederalstatelevel.
CeChemNetpartnersare:
ChemicalsiteLeuna/InfraLeunaGmbH
Investments and competence have made Leuna into a leading industrial site in Central
Germany. More than twenty international groups and numerous SMEs are relying on its
locationattheheartofEuropeandhaveinvestedsome5.5billioneurotodate.InfraLeuna
GmbHanditsaffiliatedcompaniesareownersandoperatorsoftheinfrastructurefacilities
atthechemicalsiteLeuna.TheattractiverangeofservicesprovidedbyInfraLeunacomprises,
interalia,powergenerationandsupply,watersupplyandeffluentdisposal,securityservices,
including fire brigade, analytics, logistics, and telecommunications. InfraLeuna acts as site
developmentcompanyandsupportsandassistsnewfirmsineveryrespect.
ChemicalsiteBitterfeldWolfen/PDChemieParkBitterfeldWolfenGmbH
Today, The ChemiePark`s industrial profile is mainly characterized by chlorine, phosohor,
dyestuffs,pharmaceuticals,silicaglass,fineandspecialtychemicalsaswellasmetallurgy.By
thesettlementofQCellsAGtheregiondevelopedtooneofthemostefficientsolarsitesin
Europe.ThePDChemieParkBitterfeldWolfenoffersidealconditionsforcompaniestofocus
ontheircorebusinesswhiletheyarefreetobuyallservices(infrastructure,mediaetc.)as
required.230millioneurohasbeeninvestedinmodernizingthewholeinfrastructureonsite.
An own wastewater treatment plant provides sewage disposal at reasonable prices. An
immediate availability of commodities due to comprehensive feedstock integration, a
favourablecoststructureandaninnovationfriendlyenvironmentattractinvestorstocome,
succeedandgrow.
DowOlefinverbundGmbH/DowValuePark
DowValueParkisfarmorethanamereIndustrialParkwheredifferentfirmsdobusinessat
the same site. As Dow is one of the biggest global players and one of the most modern
chemicalcompaniesinCentralGermany,weensurethatallpartnersareintegratedintoour
extensivematerialflowsystem,thesupplyandproductionchainsand,ofcourse,ourjoint
service and safety management system. Whether we are talking about the quality of
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feedstock,reliabilityofdeliveryoravailabilityofspecialservices,DowValueParkprovides
almosteverythinginvestorsmayneed.
Our partners here are handpicked to optimize potential synergy effects and our selection
criteria guarantee a wellbalanced mix of manufacturers, logistics service providers and
suppliers.AbroadrangeofresearchanddevelopmentservicesmakestheDowValuePark
particularlyinterestingforinnovativecompanies.www.dow.com/ValuePark
ChemicalsiteSchwarzheide/BASFSchwarzheideGmbH
Lower Lusatia offers a chemical site of European standing BASF SchwarzheideGmbH. 21
stateoftheart plants produce polyurethane base products and systems, engineering
plastics, cropprotection agents, waterbased coatings and refining chemicals. There are
three attracting site advantages: the proximity to Eastern Europe markets, modern
infrastructureandtheVerbundconceptofTheChemicalCompany.15companiesdoalready
profitfromtheintelligentnetworks.Theyarenotonlyusingthesupplychainsandselected
services; they are even extending the valueadded chain by obtain raw materials from the
Verbundorsupplyproductsforfurtherprocessing.Companiesintheplasticsandchemical
sectorareofferedinterestingprospectsatBASFsiteinSchwarzheide.
ChemicalandIndustrialParkZeitz
The Chemical and Industrial Park Zeitz is an internationally attractive and economically
successfulsite.Nationalandinternationalcompaniesinthechemicalindustries,LifeScience
andrenewableresources,ResearchandDevelopmentaswellasindustrialandconstruction
services have settled at the site of 232 hectares. Apart from the traditional petrochemical
industry,theChemicalandIndustrialParkZeitzisalsofocusingon:
o
o
o
o
o
o
promotingthecurrentestablishingoffirmsbyexpansion,realizationofoptimized
supplyandproductionchainsandbyusingthesitessynergeticeffects.
theextensionoftheChemicalandIndustrialParkZeitzforindustrialexploitationof
renewableresources.
Developingprojectsforthematerialandenergeticexploitationofnativebrown
coal.
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4 DESCRIPTIONOFCHEMICALLOGISTICSINTHEREGION/COUNTRY
4.1 INTRODUCTION
ThecountrySaxonyAnhaltlocatedinthemiddleofGermanyownsapowerfultransport
infrastructure.Allkindsoftrafficinfrastructurearerepresented:streettraffic,railways,air
frightservices,frighttrafficontheriversElbe,Saale,ondifferentcanalsandintheportsand
atleastcombinedtraffic.
Roadtransport:
Streettrafficrangesoverasupralocalnetworkof10951km(383kmsuperhighways,2700
kmstatehighways,4000kmcountryhighways,4300kmcountyhighways).
Railwayfreighttransport:
TherailwaynetworkinSaxonyAnhaltcontains3100km(1100kmofthemarenotfederal
ownedrailways).
800kmofthemarereservedtofreighttraffic,and226kmofthemarepublicaccessible.
IntermodalTransport:
Intermodal transport i.e. freight transportation using at least two traffic carriers without
changingthecontainerisusing5portsasinterfacebetweenrailway,roadandwaterway.
Thereexisttrimodalterminalsforcombinedtraffic.
It is planned to build a new terminal for combined traffic nearby the centre of chemical
industryinthesouthofthecountry.
Trimodalinterfacesarelocatedin:
o
o
o
o
o
o
PortAken
CityPortHaldensleben
PortHalleTrotha
PortDessauRosslau
HansePortMagdeburg
ValueParkSchkopau
Airfreighttransport:
CentreoftheairfrighttrafficinthecatchmentareaofSaxonyAnhaltistheAirFreightHub
Leipzig/Halle(dominatedbyDHL).
Itisplannedtorisethefrighttranshipmentwithinthenext10yearsupto1Miotonsp.a.
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In2009theprivatisationoftheAirportMagdeburg/Cochstedtwillbefinished.
INthefuturethislocationwillbedevelopedtomiddlesizedAirFrightLogisticCentre.
Freighttransportonrivers,channelsandintheports:
SaxonyAnhaltowns580kmshippablewaterwaysandispartoftheEuropeanwaterwaynet.
ThebackboneofthelocalwaterwaysistheriverElbewhichconnectsthehinterlandtothe
North Sea. The waterway net is completed by the Lower Havel Waterway, Mittelland
ChannelandtheElbeHavelChannel.
SaxonyAnhaltholds5ports.
In2007thevolumeoftranshipmentinshipfreighttrafficassessed7.5Miotons.
4.2 INTERMODALTRANSPORT
Intermodal transport mainly takes place in the 5 ports of countrywide importance. Since
1995 the country government invested in the ports to guarantee the intermodality of the
ports.Forexamplereplacementsandexpansionsoftheportrailwayshappened.
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There were created powerful trimodal terminals for combined traffic. In the Value Park
Schkopau was built a new combined terminal which is working since December 2005. It
offers very good assumptions for bimodal fright transport, especially for the chemical
industryinthisarea.
In order to further developments of the chemical industry location Leuna and in order to
betterconnectthecentresofthechemicalindustryandtokeepthesustainableabilityofthe
logistics industry it is planned to build a further new terminal for combined traffic nearby
Grosskorbetha.Thissiteisfacingnationalandinternationaltransports.
4.2.1 ACTUALANDPLANNEDFIGURES
Goodstrafficaccordingtotransportmodesquantity
GoodstrafficinMiotons
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total
305,7 276,1 282,9 309,5 301,1 306,1 298,0 305,8
Road
268,6 238,5 240,4 261,3 251,3 250,4 245,0 254,2
Railway
Inlandwaterway
30,4
31,6
36,4
41,7
42,8
47,8
45,5
44,0
6,7
6,0
6,1
6,5
7,0
7,9
7,5
7,6
Pipeline
Goodstrafficperformancein1000tkm(quantity*km):
GoodstrafficinMiotons
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total
Road
Railway
Inlandwaterway
Pipeline
Forecastsaboutdevelopmentofintermodaltransport(quantitiesandterminals):
4.2.2 MAINCORRIDORSANDMAJORINFRASTRUCTURE
Main corridors for road transport are the superhighways A14, leading from the
agglomerationLeipzigHalletothenorth,theEWdirectedA38inthesouthofthecountry,
A2 BerlinHannover and A9 MunichBerlin and a number of highways cross through the
country.
Logistic nodes/ terminals are located between Leipzig and Halle (Air Freight Hub Leipzig/
Halle),furthermorearetoannotatethe5portsmentionedabove.
All fright ways are integrated in the tightly middle European traffic system. In the country
arecrossingoldtrafficroutesfromNtoSandEtoW.
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4.2.3 GOVERNMENTPLANSANDPOLITICALPROGRAMS
Extensionplans,financingPPP,investmentvolume,focusoncorridors,etc.
Thereexistplanstoenforcetheintermodaltransport.Reasonforthisarethenecessityfora
better use of capacities, to avoid bottlenecks in road freight traffic and to increase the
attractivenessofthelogisticlocationsbyahighervalueadded.
Duetothenewbuiltandextended5trimodalportlocations,thenewbuiltbimodalterminal
SchkopauandthelocalimportantterminalsinLeunaandBernburgwascreatedaintermodal
network.
Federalgovernmentandthegovernmentofthecountrydosupporttheshiftoftrafficfrom
roadtorailwayandwaterway.AtleastoneoftheintermodalinlandharboursHaldensleben,
Magdeburg, Aken, DessauRosslau and HalleTrotha are accessible within 90 minutes from
everypointinSaxonyAnhalt.
One example for meeting the requests is the setup of container trains from the harbour
HalleTrothatotheNorthSeaharboursHamburgandBremerhaven.Inthebeginningofthis
connectionin2002just178containersweretransported.Thisnumberwasrisinguntil2007
upto36000containers.
ExcellentconditionsforbimodaltransportexistintheterminalValueParkSchkopau,where
byhelpofafurthernewterminalespeciallychemicalproductsareshippedtoLudwighafen,
DuisburgorMunich.
ThecapacityofthefirstterminalinSchkopauwasexhaustedin2004(15000containers),but
by setting up the new terminal the transhipment did increase. More terminals of local
relevancearelocatedinLeuna,BernburgandrespectivelyinNessa.
Accordingtotheroadmapofthefederalgovernmentthecountryisinterestedinstrengthen,
extendinganddevelopingthelocations.
CombinedTraffic:
Furtherfacilitiesofthecombinedtrafficaretodevelop,ifexistingfacilitiesarenotthreaten
and if there are needs. Principally such development is possible in the Chemiedreieck
(triangleofthechemicalindustry).
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4.3 ROADTRANSPORT
ThefollowingmapoffersanoverviewoverthemainlyroadnetinSaxonyAnhalt.
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Asalreadymentionedintheintroductiontheroadtrafficrangesoverasupralocalnetwork
of10951km(383kmsuperhighways,2700kmstatehighways,4000kmcountryhighways,
4300kmcountyhighways).Accordingtothepopulationdensitytheroadsareconcentrating
inthesouthofthecountry.Roadtransportusesamainlywelldevelopednetworkofroads
ofallcategoriesfromsuperhighwaystolocalstreets.Thedensityofthesupralocalroadnet
is 4539 m/ 1000 inhabitants (date: 31.12.2007) and ranges matchable to other German
Lnder. The fraction of rebuilt, extended and renewed roads is 94 % (federalroads), 54 %
(countryroads).Itshowsthatthereisahigherneedforrebuildingcountryroads.
Actualandplannedroadnetworkinkm
inoperation
inprogress
planned
total
Highway
383
108,1
496,1
Stateroad(Bundesfernstrassen)
2708
23,5
312,9
3044,4
Goods traffic in % according to traffic 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
arearoad
Domestictraffic
Crossborderentrance
Crossborderdispatch
Transit
Othertransportationabroad
The further development in the traffic sector, especially the long term development in
freighttraffic,staysachallengefortheroadinfrastructureinthecountry.Aprognosisfound
out,thattheroadfreighttrafficintotalGermanywillcontinuetoriseintheyearstocome.
Inconclusionofthisdevelopmentthevolumeoftransportedfreightswillgrowaswellasthe
distancesoftransports.
DuetotheextensionoftheEUtotheEastandthecentrallocationofthecountryweexpect
a growing of transit traffics. But also in smaller distances (up to 50 km) in reaction to
changing transport modes and the creation of logistic networks (like distribution traffics)
weexpectagrowingtransportvolumeandperformance.Regardingfederalmotorwaysthe
efforts are concentrating to the realisation of the traffic project German Unity (new
buildingandextension)andtoclosethegapoftheA14betweenthebothcountrycapitals
MagdeburgandSchwerin.FurthermorealinkbetweenA14andA38(A143)isplanned.
Maintaining achievements will rise in a noticeable amount in the next few years. The
progressing new build of B6n (up to now the half of the total length of 93 km in Saxony
Anhalt is useable) offers a capable WElink which is of enormous importance for the
development in the Harz mountains region. For the new construction of the North Harz
Mountains HighwayEU,federalgovernmentandcountrygovernmentprovide 600Mio.
Accordingtothefederaltrafficwaysplan2003morecitybypassesareintheplanningphase.
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WiththeInvestmentFrameworkPlanUntil2010ForTheTrafficInfrastructureofGermany
(IRP) a guideline exists. For a need oriented traffic infrastructure the condition of the
bridges is of importance. Bridges at federal highways were almost completely renewed.
Thatiswhythefocusofbridgemaintenanceisdirectedtofederalroadsandcountryroads.
Itistonoticethattheconditionofbridgesatcountryroadsisworsethenatfederalroads.
MaincorridorsofroadtransportarethefederalmotorwaysA14,A9(bothNSdirected)and
A38,A2(bothWEdirected).
Besidesthemanefficientnetworkofsubordinatedroadsexists.
Logisticnodes/Terminalsarelocatedat:
Location
Port
Aken
Haldensleben
CityPort
Port
HalleTrotha
Port
DessauRolau
Magdeburg
HansePort
Schkopau
ValuePark
TransportCarrier
Interfaces
Trimodal
KthenHalle/Magdeburg
railway/road/
B187a,inNheA9,A14
waterways
ElbeContainerlinie(ECL2000)
Trimodal
HannoverMagdeburgBerlin,
railway/road/
A2,A14,B71,
waterways
BrdeContainerFeeder
Trimodal
HalleBremerhaven/Hamburg,
railway/road/
HalleLeipzigDresden,
waterways
A9,A14,A143,B6,B100
Trimodal
MagdeburgBremen/Hamburg,
railway/road/
Leipzig/HalleDresden,
waterways
A9,B184,B187,
Trimodal
MagdeburgStendalBremen/
railway/road/
Hamburg,
waterways
MagdeburgLeipzig/Halle
Dresden,
A2,A14,B1,B71,B81
Bimodal
HalleGrokorbethaLeipzig,
railway/road
A9,A38,A143,B91
ThecountriesrailwaynetworkisfullyintegratedintheEuropeannetwork.
TheextensionoftheA14isofenormousimportancefortheroadtransportinSaxonyAnhalt.
ThetrafficministersofthecountriesBrandenburg,MecklenburgVorpommernandSaxony
Anhalt and the federal minister for traffic agreed to finance the extension of this highway
fromMagdeburgtoSchwerin.
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The extension costs will amount 1.3 billions and will be realised in tree steps. The
extensionwillcloseagapinthehighwaynetbecauseitwillconnecttothehighwayBerlin
HamburgandtotheBalticSeaHighwayA20.
Especially for the northof the country this willbe a improvementin accessibility. But also
theaccessibilityoftheGermanSeaPortswillbeimprovedandtheroleofthecountryasa
hinterlandhubwillbestrengthened.
Thefirstpartoftheextension(betweenWolmirstedtandStendal(rd.36km),Osterburgand
Karstdt(rd.45km)andLudwigslustSdandthehighwaytriangleSchwerin(rd.16km))will
beuseableuntil2015.
Forthisfirstphaseofrealizationcostsof775Mio.areplanned(financedatupto42%by
EUandupto29%byfundsofthecountriesandupto29%byspecialfinancing.
Thiscostsharingwillbecontinuedafter2015forthesecondandthirdphases.InphaseBthe
parts between Stendal and Osterburg (25 km) and between Karstdt and LudwigslustSd
(22km)willberealised.AtleastthepartsbetweenDahlenwarslebenandWolmirstedt(11
km)willbebuilt.ForthephasesBandCcostsof425Mio.estimated.
ThemotorwayB6nwillconnecttheA14(Bernburg)withtheA395(length94km).
4.4 RAILWAYTRANSPORT
ActuallytherailwaynetworkinSaxonyAnhaltextendsto2000km(DBNetzAG)and1115
km(nonfederalrailways).Approximately800kmofthemarereservedtofreighttraffic(226
kmofitispublicaccessible).
The railways density is 18.3 km/km and ranks over the average of the new German
countriesandisaleadingvalueworldwideatcountrybase.
BesidestheleadingenterpriseDBNetzAGthereareseveralotherprivateenterprises.
Important railway nodes are located in Magdeburg, Halle, DessauRosslau, Halberstadt,
Stendal, Bitterfeld and Wittenberg. Backbone of the railway freight traffic are 76 freight
trafficpoints,theshuntingstationHalle(whichisgoingtogetextended),thetrainbuilding
facilityMagdeburgRothenseeandthefreightstationGrosskorbetha.
Interfacesbetweenrailwaytraffic,airfreighttrafficandinlandwaterwaytrafficarerealised
by5trimodalportsandthetrimodalAirportLeipzig/Halle.
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Actualandplannedrailwaynetworkinkm
inoperation
inprogress
planned
total
Mainrailroadspublic
Standardgauge public
270
Narrowgaugepublic
169
Private
824
Total
arearailway
Domestictraffic
Crossborderentrance
Crossborderdispatch
Transit
Explanations:
To match the rising demands of freight traffic in the future it is necessary to push the
electrificationoftheroutes,toraisethemaximumtravellingspeed,toextendrouteswith2
tracksandtoavoidthebackbuildingofrailwayinfrastructures.
Athighlyfrequentedfreightroutstheelectrificationshouldbefullyrealised.
Maincorridorsofrailwayaretheroutes
o
o
o
o
o
HannoverBerlin,
DresdenLeipzig/HalleMagdeburgStendalBremen/Hamburg,
BerlinHalle/Leipzig,
Halle/LeipzigErfurtNuernberg,
LeipzigHalleKassel,HalleEilenburgHorkaWegliniec(Poland).
Logisticnodes/Terminals
Location
Port
Aken
Haldensleben
CityPort
Port
TransportCarrier
Interfaces
Trimodal
KthenHalle/Magdeburg
railway/road/
B187a,inNheA9,A14
waterways
Trimodal
railway/road/
A2,A14,B71,
waterways
BrdeContainerFeeder
Trimodal
HalleBremerhaven/Hamburg,
1
2
Regelspurstreckenffentlich
nonfederalownednichtbundeseigeneEisenbahnen
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HalleTrotha
railway/road/
waterways
Port
DessauRolau
Trimodal
railway/road/
waterways
Magdeburg
HansePort
Trimodal
railway/road/
waterways
Schkopau
ValuePark
Bimodal
railway/road
Project[ChemLog]
HalleLeipzigDresden,
A9,A14,A143,B6,B100
MagdeburgBremen/Hamburg,
Leipzig/HalleDresden,
A9,B184,B187,
MagdeburgStendalBremen/
Hamburg,
MagdeburgLeipzig/Halle
Dresden,
A2,A14,B1,B71,B81
HalleGrokorbethaLeipzig,
A9,A38,A143,B91
Because of its central location in middle Europe the railway transport network in Saxony
AnhaltiswellintegratedintotheEuropeanTransportCorridors.
Remarkable are ambitions of the DB AG to enforce the AmerikaLinie i. e. the railway
UelzenSalzwedelStendal.
ThisroutepotentiallycandevelopasabypassoftherouteHamburgSouthGermanyand
canfunctionasaxistoSeaPorthinterlandtraffic.
Another project called EU4Searail focuses the railway connection of four seas in
Europe.
ConcerningtheTENnetworkwerefertothestandpointofthecountry.
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4.5 WATERWAYTRANSPORT
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The waterway network in SaxonyAnhalt consists of 580 km federal water ways like Elbe,
Saale, Lower Havel waterway, Mittelland Channel and ElbeHavelChannel. It is well
integratedintotheEuropeanwaterwaynetwork.
TheriverElbeisaninternationalwaterway,butthechannelsmentionedabovearepartsof
thetransEuropeantrafficnetworktoo.
The five trimodal ports Magdeburg, Aken, DessauRosslau (all at the river Elbe),
Haldensleben (MittellandChannel) and Halle (river Saale) are of importance not only as
interfacesforthetrimodalfreighttraffic.
Inland navigation is a important and indispensable transport carrier for the country. The
shiptranshipmentintheportsandstevedoringpointsinSaxonyAnhaltwasrisingsince1991
(2.7Miot)to7.6Miotin2007.Theimportanceofcontainerheavycargoandprojectcargo
trafficisgoingup.
areawaterway
Domestictraffic
Crossborderentrance
Crossborderdispatch
Transit
Explanations:
Forecastsaboutdevelopmentofwaterwaytransport(quantitiesandterminals):
MaincorridorsofwaterwayaretheriversElbeandSaale,LowerHavelwaterway,Mittelland
ChannelandElbeHavelChannel.
LogisticnodesarethetrimodalportsHalle,DessauRosslau,Aken,Magdeburg,Haldensleben,
completedbyshiptranshipmentpointsinPiesteritz,Bernburg,Calbe,Schnebeck,Vahldorf,
Rogtz,Blstrigen,Parey,Niegripp,GenthinandArneburg.
ThewaterwaynetofthecountryiswellintegratedintheEuropeannet.Theportsalongthe
riversareimportantlogisticnodes.
Actually the port Magdeburg gets a floodgate to make the port independent from level
variationsoftheriverElbe.
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4.6 PIPELINETRANSPORT
About pipeline transport in the country dont exist many information, because the whole
pipelinenetisprivateowned.Theattachedmapshowsthelocationofthepipelinesandthe
refineries in SaxonyAnhalt. Traditionally the pipeline net is existentially for the chemical
clusterinSaxonyAnhalt.CrudeoilisdeliveredfromRussiatoSpergauviaSchwedt.Product
pipelinesareleadingfromRostock,HartmannsdorfandBhlen(bothlocatedinSaxony)to
Spergau.
Pipelinetransport:
Pipelinetransportinthousandsoftons
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Product1
Product2
Product3
Total
Explanations:
Forecastsaboutdevelopmentofpipelinetransport(quantitiesandterminals):
Chemical sites in Central German are pioneers in the global restructuring process in the
chemical industry The Chemistry Triangle with a chemistry park surface totalling 5 500
hectaresboastscomprehensiverawmaterialandsynergypotentialsthatarejointlyusedby
localcompanies.A430kmlongfeedstockpipelinestartingintheBalticSeaportofRostock
connectsthechemicalsitesofDowOlefinverbundGmbHinBhlenandSchkopautoglobal
material and commodity flows. A specific strength of the Central German Chemistry
Triangles is the feedstock integration of several sites, such as Leuna, Schkopau, Bhlen,
Bitterfeld,PiesteritzandSchwarzheide(seeMap).
FeedstockintegrationintheCentralGermanChemicalTriangle
TheCentralGermanChemicalTrianglehasabigrawmaterialandsynergypotentialthatis
jointly used. A complex and direct access to raw material exists with the help of the
feedstockintegrationinsideandbetweenthechemicalsitesinCentralGermany.Feedstock
integrationenhanceseachsiteintermsofattractinginternationalinvestorsbecauseitoffers
manydifferentwaystogetintegratedinthevalueaddedchain(seegraph).
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Explanation:
Short description of chemical logistics, Transported chemical goods share of modes road /
rail/river
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Relevanceofthelogisticssectoringeneralfortheregion/country:
o
o
o
o
o
numberoflogisticscompanies
grossaddedvalueofthesector
sectoralturnover
numberofemployees
grossinvestmentswithinlogisticssector
Chemicallogistics:
o
o
o
o
o
o
majorlogisticcompaniesprovidingservicesforthechemicalindustry
productstransported
developmenttrend
transportationcostsandstructure
regional/nationalpeculiaritiesofchemicallogistics
shortdescriptionofchemicallogisticsintheregion/country
Transportedchemicalgoodsshareoftransportationmodes
Transported chemical goods 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
thousandsoftons
Road
Railway
Waterway
Pipeline
Total
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5 INTERNALSTRENGTHSOFCHEMICALCOMPANIESANDLOGISTICPROVIDERS
5.1 STRONGINTEGRATIONOFPRODUCTIONPROCESSES
The chemical industry in Central Germany has due to its strong integration and optimised
structuresoftheproductionprocessesagoodcompetitiveposition.Highinvestmentsanda
largescalerestructuringprocessintheframeworkoftheprivatisationafterthereunification
have created the basis for a highly modern and competitive chemical industry, which has
grownaboveaverageinthepastyears.Theestablishmentandthefurtherdevelopmentof
clustersandnetworksalongsidethevalueaddedchainareanotherlocationadvantagesfor
thecentralGermanchemicalindustry
5.2 CENTRALISATIONOFONSITELOGISTICS
Improvements of efficiency of the chemical logistics have been especially achieved by
centralisationoflogisticsonthechemicalsites.Thechemicalcompanieshavedevelopedan
intensive cooperation with logistics service providers for strategic and operative logistic
activities. A large part of the operative logistic services have been outsourced in the
framework of new partnership concepts. Strategic steering activities have remained in the
chemicalcompanies.
5.3 INTERNALOPTIMISATIONOFSUPPLYCHAINCOSTS
The chemical enterprises have undertaken successful efforts in the past years to improve
internalprocessandstructuresfortheoptimisationoflogisticscosts.
5.4 CONTRACTLOGISTICSFORSTORINGRAWANDPACKAGINGMATERIAL
Consignmentstoresforrawandpackagingmaterialincreaseflexibilityofchemicallogistics
and reduce costs for the producing company. The supplier can develop a more intensive
connection with the producing company. In this respect the selection of qualified and
reliableenterprises(SQAScertification)isveryimportant
5.5 STOCKMANAGEMENTANDCONTROL
The chemical enterprises have developed innovative solutions for the stock management
andcontrolinordertocontributetooptimisationoflogisticprocesses.Anefficientplanning
allowstoearlyinfluenceproductionandlogisticprocesses.
5.6 LOCATIONDEVELOPMENTCONCEPTS
Thedevelopmentofspecificlocationconceptscontributestotheimprovementoflocation
attractivenessandinternationalcompetitivenessbysettlingenterprisesalongsidethevalue
addedchain.Theoptimisationoflogisticprocesseshasaspecialimportanceinthisarea.
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5.7 ONSITETERMINALSFORINTERMODALTRANSPORT
Somechemicallocationshaveestablishedpublicterminalsforintermodaltransportontheir
sites or in their proximity. These terminals are especially specialised for the handling of
chemicalgoodsandplayacentralrolefortheimprovementofchemicallogistics.
5.8 PIPELINENETWORKS
Selected chemical location in Central Germany and larger chemical companies have
developedextensivepipelinenetworks,inordertoensurecosteffectiveandsafetransport
of raw and intermediate materials. Pipelines are also an active contribution to
environmentalprotectionandavoidanceoftransportonroadandrailway.
5.9 RESPONSIBLE
TREATMENT WITH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES IN THE PRODUCTION,
LOGISTICSANDTRANSPORTHIGHSAFETYSTANDARDS
The chemical industry in Central Germany has achieved a high safety standard in the
production,logisticandtransportinthepastyears.Thisensuresaresponsibletreatmentof
chemical products and processes in relation to the employees, clients and environment.
InitiativesuchasResponsibleCareandSQASplayanimportantroleinthisrespect.
5.10 PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENTSBYJOINTEFFORTSANDCOOPERATION
In close cooperation between chemical enterprises and logistic service providers, a clear
improvementofperformanceofthechemicallogistichasbeenachievedbyactivesupportof
theprocesses.Therearealotofbestpracticesolutionsinthisarea.Thechemicallogisticis
inaconstantprocessofoptimisation.
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6 INTERNALWEAKNESSESOFCHEMICALCOMPANIESANDLOGISTICPROVIDERS
6.1 HIGHSUPPLYCHAINCOST
Thelogisticcostsare8to12%oftheturnoverofthechemicalenterprises(orevenhigher).
These costs are an important factor; its optimisation plays an important for the
improvementofcompetitiveness.
6.2 DEPENDENCEOFMARKETVOLATILITYREGARDINGINTEGRATION
The specific product portfolio of the enterprises is underlying different market changes.
Changesinproductionandexchangeofproductscauseincreasinglogisticcosts.
6.3 INSUFFICIENTRELIABILITYOFSELLINGFORECASTS
Theenterpriseshaveproblemswithaninsufficientreliabilityofsellingforecasts,whichare
the basis for planning of the production. A high optimisation of production processes
reducesinthisframeworktheflexibilityandmarketvolatilitycancauseproblems.
6.4 INSUFFICIENTABILITYTOPLANTHEDEMANDOFRESOURCES
Therearegeneralproblemscausedbymodestpossibilitiestoplanthedemandforresources.
6.5 CUSTOMERRELATIONS
The stability of customer loyalty in Central and Eastern Europe is lower than in Western
Europe.
o Reliabilityandfulfilmentofagreements
InthebusinessrelationstoCentralandEasternEuropetherearepartiallyproblems
withreliabilityandfulfilmentofagreements.
o Oftenchangingcontactpersons
The often change of responsible employees and contact persons of customers in
CentralandEasternEuropeisabigproblem
o CommunicationandLanguageBarriers
The communication and language barriers especially for international business
activitiesareaweakness,whichhastobeespeciallyrespected.
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7 EXTERNAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CHANCES FOR CHEMICAL LOGISTICS IN

CENTRALANDEASTERNEUROPE
7.1 CENTRAL LOCATION IN EUROPE AT THE CROSSROADS OF TRANSPORT AXES BETWEEN
WESTERNEUROPEANDASIA
The central location of the chemical industry in central Germany at the crossroads of
transportaxesisastrategicadvantage.ThecentralGermanchemicallocationscantakeover
aturningplatformfunctionforlogisticsinCentralEuropewithspecialproximitytoEastern
Europe.
7.2 POSITIVEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDINCREASINGFREIGHTTRANSPORT
Despitethecurrentfinancialandeconomiccrisis,theexpectedpositivelongtermeconomic
developmentandtheincreasingfreighttransportvolumesareachanceforthegrowthand
the further development of the central German chemical enterprises. This can be an
important contribution for the stabilisation of markets and the improvement of customer
satisfaction.
7.3 GOODINFRASTRUCTUREESPECIALLYROADINCENTRALGERMANY
Intheyearsafterreunificationamodernandcapableinfrastructurehasbeendevelopedin
CentralGermany.EspeciallytheconnectionofchemicalenterprisestotheHighwayandroad
networkisgood.
7.4 PARTICIPATIONINSHAPINGREGULATORYFRAMEWORK
In the harmonisation and standardisation process the chemical enterprises have the
opportunity to actively participate in the definition of joint standards and the transfer of
knowledge.Inajointdialogueprocessjointeffortsforthecoordinationoftransportroutes
canbeimplemented.
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8 EXTERNAL THREATS, PROBLEMS AND BARRIERS FOR CHEMICAL LOGISTICS IN

CENTRALANDEASTERNEUROPE
8.1 INADEQUATEACCESSTOWATERWAYS
The central German chemical industry has a location disadvantage due to the inadequate
access to waterways and the oversee ports. Therefore the connection to the international
commodityflowsismorecomplicatedandexpensive.Hence,theinlandtransportviarailway
androadplayamoreimportantrole.
8.2 RAILSYSTEMSINWESTANDEASTEUROPEARENOTCOMPATIBLE
TheincompatibilityofrailwaynetworksandthedifferenttrackwithinWesternandEastern
Europeareaspecialproblemforchemicalenterprises.Anadditionalreloadingcauseshigher
costs,abiglossandhighersafetyrisks.
8.3 LACKOFPIPELINECONNECTIONSFROOLEFINSBETWEENTHECHEMICALCOMPLEXES
TheinadequatepipelinenetworkforOlefinsisabigcompetitivedisadvantageforthecentral
German chemical industry in comparison to the Western European competitors. The
enterprises are forced to transport a large share of their products on the road and the
railway,whichleadstohighercostsandlongertransporttimes.
8.4 INADEQUATERAILANDROADINFRASTRUCTURE
TheinadequaterailwayandroadinfrastructureinCentralandEasternEuropeisabigbarrier
forchemicaltransportinthisregion.Alargeshareofthechemicalgoodsaretransportedon
theroads,becausetherailwaycanonlybeusetoalimitedextend.Butthecapacitylimitsof
theroadsarealreadyexceeded.Aspecialweaknessoftherailwaytransportisthereloading
attheboarderstations.
8.5 LONGDURATIONOFREALISATIONOFPLANNEDINFRASTRUCTURE
The closing of identified railway infrastructure gaps in Central Germany is delayed due to
time consuming procedures for planning and realisation. An inadequate coordination
betweentheneighbouringstatesleadstofurtherdelaysanddiscontinuityinthetransport
routes.
8.6 INADEQUATESTRUCTUREOFTERMINALSTRUCTUREFORINTERMODALTRANSPORT
At the moment there is no well developed structure for intermodal terminals in Eastern
Europe.Thiscircumstanceleadstolossofefficiencyinchemicallogisticsforthecombined
transportofrailwayandroad.
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8.7 CONGESTEDPORTSINTHEBALTICANDTHEBLACKSEA
DuetothecongestionofportsintheBalticandBlackSea,theseportscanonlybeusedfor
chemicaltransportsinalimitedway.FurthermoreacapableportintheMediterraneanSee
is missing. Therefore chemical goods have to be transported via the cost intensive inland
routes.
8.8 INSUFFICIENTHARMONIZATIONOFADMINISTRATIVEANDTECHNICALSTANDARDS,SAFETY
ANDSECURITYSTANDARDSANDSOCIALSTANDARDS
Aninsufficientharmonisationoftechnicalandadministrativestandardsforthetransportof
chemicals causes increased costs and time for the handling of crossboarder transports.
Different safety and security standards for the transport of chemical goods lead to double
redtapeandfurtherdelays.Differentsocialstandardsdistorttheequallevelplayingfieldsto
thedisadvantageoftheCentralGermanchemicalindustry.
8.9 BUROCRACYINCUSTOMSCLEARANCE(RIDSGMS)
Complex custom clearance and partially different interpretation of regulations by the
custom authorities are a handicap for crossboarder chemical transports. Under these
conditions,contractlogisticsisalmostnotpossibleandinterferenceshaveanegativeimpact
onthecustomersatisfaction.
8.10 ABSENCEOFEMERGENCYRESPONSEANDCRISISMGMTSYSTEMS(I.E.TUIS)
There is no common Emergency Response and Crisis Management System in the Eastern
European States outside the European Union (especially Russia and Ukraine). This is a big
threattothesafetyofchemicaltransports.
8.11 HARDTOFINDPEOPLEWITHEXCELLENTLOGISTICSBACKGROUND
Ageneralproblemistheavailabilityofqualifiedemployeesforchemicallogistics.
8.12 DIESELPRICE/TOLLFEES
The development of the diesel price and toll fees is an important cost factor for chemical
logistics.Increasingpricescauseadditionalcostburden.NationalandEuropeanregulations,
which lead to higher prices and fees compared to the global market, are a specific
competitivedisadvantageforEuropeanchemicalenterprises.Thediscriminationandmissing
equaltreatmentofforeignersforthecollectionoftollfeesisaspecialprobleminRussia.
8.13 BEHAVIOUR
OF
FORMER
STATEOWNED
RAILWAY
COMPANIES
(BLOCKING,
INTRANSPARENCYANDFREIGHTCOSTS)LIBERALISATION
Thebehaviourofformerstateownedrailwaycompaniesisbeingconsideredasabarrierfor
the chemical industry. An intransparent method of operation, an attitude of blockade and
highfreightchargesaswellasanarbitrarilypricepolicyareamongthebiggestproblems.
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8.14 LACKOFPARITYOFWESTEASTTRANSPORT
ThecomparisonoftransportflowsshowsanimbalancefortheEastWesttransport.Todaya
largeamountofchemicalgoodsistransportedfromWesttoEast.
8.15 LACKOFAWARENESSFORCHEMICALTRANSPORTS
Especially in Russia there is an inadequate awareness for the specific characteristics and
needs of chemical transports. There are especially deficits in the mentality and
consciousness.
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9 NEEDSFORFUTUREACTIONSANDIMPROVEMENTSCONCLUSIONS
9.1 BETTERCOORDINATIONOFPANEUROPEANINFRASTRUCTUREPROJECTS
AbettercoordinationofthepanEuropeaninfrastructureplansinWestEastandEastWest
directionisnecessarytoagreeoncommonprioritiesforthedevelopmentoftransportrouts
andtospeeduptherespectiveextensionofinfrastructure.Therelevantstakeholdersfrom
policy, industry and administration have to be actively integrated in this coordination
process in order to ensure high chances for implementation and the focus of planning
according to the expected needs. The different political levels regional, national and
European have to be involved according to their specific regulatory and decision making
competencies.TheChemLogprojectwantstodeliveraspecialcontributionfortheareaof
chemical logistics in this respect. At the same time the project aims to develop close
cooperationwithsimilarinitiativessuchastheprogrammeoftheChamberUnionElbeOder
for the development of infrastructure, ensuring mobility and access, strengthening of
economicdevelopment.
9.2 MOREEFFECTIVEDISTRIBUTIONOFEUFUNDS
The development of crossboarder infrastructure projects in Central and Eastern Europe
shouldbesupportedbyamoreefficientuseofEUStructuralFundsininteractionwithother
regionalandnationalfundingsources.Thisshouldcontributetotheintegrationofthenew
MemberStatesintheEuropeanUnionandtostrengthencompetitivenessoftheCentraland
Eastern European industry. The EU funding has due to its leverage effects for the
mobilisation of further public and private investments a special importance. In the
framework of the use of EU funds a prioritisation on especially important infrastructure
projectsisnecessary.
9.3 DEVELOPVISIONOFAPANEUROPEANOLEFINPIPELINENETWORK
The development of a vision for a pan European Olefin pipeline network in Central and
EasternEuropeisanimportantcontributionforthestrengtheningofcompetitivenessofthis
region especially in comparison with the highly integrated Western European chemical
locations.Thepipelinenetworkcanonlybeimplementedunderconsiderationoftheinterest
of private enterprises in close cooperation with the political level. The pipelines can
contribute to avoidance of transport especially on the congested roads and railway, to
improvesafetyofchemicaltransportsandtoreducecostsforchemicallogistics.
9.4 INVESTMENTSINRAILANDROADINFRASTRUCTUREINCE&EE
ExtensiveinvestmentsintherailwayandroadinfrastructureinCentralandEasternEurope
are necessary for an improvement of chemical logistics. Especially the barriers at the
boarder crossing and at identified bottlenecks should be overcome. Important transport
corridors for the chemical industry are starting from Central Germany to the economic
centres and growth markets in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Vladimir, Kiev or Odessa and
furthermoretoChina.
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SWOTAnalysis
Project[ChemLog]
9.5 INVESTMENTSINTERMINALSFORINTERMODALTRANSPORT
Investments in Terminals for intermodal transport have a special importance for the
chemical industry. The combined use of different transport modes especially railway and
roadareespeciallyimportantforanefficientinlandchemicallogisticsinCentralandEastern
Europe. Intermodal Terminals have to be developed, extended and connected especially
closetotheeconomiccentresalongsidetheimportanttransportcorridors.
9.6 BUILDALTERNATIVEPORTSFORSHORTSEATRANSPORT
Theextensionofalternativeportsfortheshortseestransportisimportantforthechemical
industry,toimprovetheaccesstotheinternationaltransportflowsandtobypasscongested
existingports.
9.7 HARMONIZATIONOFSTANDARDS
Theharmonisationofstandardsinthetechnicaladministrativeareaaswellasinthesafety,
security and social dimension are necessary to improve efficiency of chemical logistics for
crossboardertransports,toreducecosts,toreducedeliverytimes,tominimisesafetyrisks
andtoensureanequallevelplayingfield.
9.8 IMPLEMENTERANDCRISISMGMTSYSTEMSFORTHECHEMICALINDUSTRY
In the area of safety standards, best practice solutions from Western Europe can be
transferredtoCentralandEasternEurope.
9.9 KNOWHOWTRANSFER
TheknowhowtransfertoCentralandEasternEuropecancontributetoanimprovementof
chemicallogistics.Theexperiencesoftheconstantoptimisationprocessoflogisticscanbe
usedinclosedcooperationbetweentherelevantstakeholdersinmutualadvantage.
9.10 COORDINATIONANDBUNDLINGOFTRANSPORT
Thecoordinationandbundlingofchemicaltransportsfromoneregiontoaselectedtarget
destinationcanproducesynergiesandcostadvantages.Thisapproachrequiresahighlevel
ofcooperationbetweentherelevantchemicalenterprisesandlogisticprovidersacrossthe
boarders.
Solutions can only be developed and implemented in close cooperation between

Enterprises / Logistic Providers and Politics and Administration at regional, national and
EuropeanLevel
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SWOTAnalysis
Project[ChemLog]
10 LITERATURE
Listofrelevantliterature,studies,surveys,policydocuments
ListofexpertsinRSM
Page39/39

Chemlog 3.1.3 SWOT FINAL Germany-Chemical Industry SWOT

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ChemicalLogisticsCooperation

42.331 44.787 45.703 46.937

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Manufacture of pesticides and other agro

Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar

Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 3.634

3.678 3.901 3.844 4.365 4.961 5.522 6.557

1.037 1.071 1.305 1.447 1.509 1.704 1.789

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 32%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Manufacture of pesticides and other agro

Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar

Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical 1.177

1.426 1.552 1.619 1.883 2.196 2.458 2.763

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,

Central European Chemical Network The Internationally Successful Network of the

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

305,7 276,1 282,9 309,5 301,1 306,1 298,0 305,8

268,6 238,5 240,4 261,3 251,3 250,4 245,0 254,2

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

TREATMENT WITH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES IN THE PRODUCTION,

7 EXTERNAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CHANCES FOR CHEMICAL LOGISTICS IN

8 EXTERNAL THREATS, PROBLEMS AND BARRIERS FOR CHEMICAL LOGISTICS IN

Solutions can only be developed and implemented in close cooperation between

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