EXERCISES EXERCISE Thermal Maturity 1 Perform a source-rock evaluation of the section penetrated in the Turquoise Well .

Source-rock data tor the Turquoise Well DepthType ofAtomic% Alginite(ft)SampleTOCBit/TOCH/CRoTAI+ Exinite 3000Cuttings1.00.060.900.492-2.5403500Cuttings0.80.060.850.522.53040000.70.050.8 60.592.53545000.90.081.020.652.5-34050001.10.910.910.672.5-35055002.30.661.250.8 82.5-38060002.60.221.210.912.5-37565004.10.511.171.002.5-37570000.50.080.651.073 .02575000.30.080.711.273-3.54080001.80.270.991.212.5-37085001.70.181.031.26?2.53.58090000.20.010.601.41?3.52095000.40.030.511.33?3-3,51510,0000.30.020.481.513. 510 TOC = Total Organic Carbon TAI = Thermal Alteration Index Bit/TOC = Bitumen/Total organic carbon Ro = Vitrinite reflectance? indicates a poor histogram EXERCISE Thermal Maturity 2 The Black Well was drilled off the Louisiana Gulf Coast. It penetrated 1000 ft o f Pleistocenesediments, 3500 ft of Pliocene, and 11,000 ft of Upper Miocene befo re being abandoned at 16,150ft in the Middle Miocene. The corrected bottom-hole temperature was 270 F. A plausible averagesurface temperature is 20 C. Construct a family of burial-history curves for the well and calculatethe present-day TTI a t total depth.Base Pleistocene 2 MaBase Pliocene 5Base Upper Miocene11Base Middl e Miocene50 Ma Predicting Thermal Maturity - 67 EXERCISE Thermal Maturity 3 Calculate present-day TTI at 3000 m in the Red Well, assuming a constant geother mal gradientthrough time. Find when the rock at 3000 m began to generate oil (TT I = 10). Determine wheneach of the strata began to generate oil. Time-stratigraphic data Temperature data Age (Ma)Depth (m) 00Present-day average surface temp.15 C2500Corrected BHT (4200 m):141 C381200Estim ated surface temp.end Cretaceous: 25 C6527008030001004000 EXERCISE Thermal Maturity 4 The Ultraviolet Well is spudded in Paleocene sediments. At a depth of 1500 ft,mi cropaleontology indicates the rocks to be of Maestrichtian age. The following Up perCretaceous boundaries are noted: Maestrichtian-Campanian1807 ftCampanian-Santonian2002 ftSantonian-Coniacian2360 ftConiacian-Turonian2546 ftTuronian-Cenomanian3017 ft The Cenomanian is 480 ft thick and overlies 1000 ft of Kimmeridgian-age shale. T otal depth isreached at 6120 ft in Middle Jurassic rocks.Evidence from related s ections indicates that the Paleocene was originally about 3000 ft thick and that no other Cenozoic sediments were ever deposited. Total original thickness of th eKimmeridgian is thought to be 1500 ft. It is also believed that 500 ft of Lower Cretaceoussediments were deposited before uplift and erosion began.Assuming a s urface temperature of 10 C and a geothermal gradient of 2 F/100 ft, draw aburial-h istory curve for the section penetrated and calculate maturity for the Kimmeridg ianshale. Age data top Paleocene55 Mabase Turonian91 Mabase Paleocene65base Cenomanian97base Maastr ichtian73base Cretaceous144base Campanian83top Kimmeridgian150base Santonian87.5 base Kimmeridgian156 Mabase Coniacian88.5 Predicting Thermal Maturity - 68

EXERCISE Thermal Maturity 5 Analyze the timing of oil generation in the Pink Well. The geothermal gradient w as found to be1.0 F/100 ft, and the surface temperature today is about 15 C. Timestratigraphic data aregiven in the following table. No unconformities are recogn ized within the Paleozoic. Erosionalremoval since the Permian probably totals ab out 2000 ft. Top ofAge (Ma)PeriodDepth (ft) Permian230Permian0Virgil280L. Carboniferous7,000Missouri288''8,000Des Moines296' '11,000Atoka304''13,000Morrow309''18,500Mississippian320E. Carboniferous21,000Ki nderhook340''23,000Sylvan425Ordovician25,500Arbuckle470''27,500 EXERCISE Thermal Maturity 6 You have been asked to evaluate an undrilled prospect in a remote area that is a vailable in anexpensive farm-in deal. Because of the high operations cost, upper management has decided thatgas and condensate are not economical. Your responsi bility is to make a recommendationregarding the nature of hydrocarbons that migh t be present in die prospect. The followinggeological summary is available to yo u. "A regional study of the area suggests the probable presence of a thin,rich, oil -prone source rock at about 4300m depth near the prospect. Thesource rock is tho ught to be about 300 Ma old. No other source rocks werenoted. Highly fractured c arbonates overlie the source rock; they are in turnoverlain at 2750m by a sandst one of excellent reservoir quality. Thereservoir is sealed by a thick salt layer . No other reservoirs areanticipated.The basin filled at a generally uniform rat e from about 300 Ma to 100 Ma. Atthat time nearby orogenic activity caused the f irst traps to be formed during a gradual 1200m uplift lasting until 40 Ma. From 40 Ma to the presentabout 500m of additional burial occurred.Nearby well control indicates that a geothermal gradient of 3.65C/100 m and a surface intercept of 1 5C are reasonable for the area. The traps at the prospect location formed slightl y prior to the beginning of erosionalremoval in the basin and have retained inte grity to the present." Utilizing the principles of hydrocarbon generation and preservation, evaluate th e prospect.