Strategic Game Theory Models and Commercialization for Nano

RID Systems
Arpit Ludhiyani
SVITS, Indore, MP,India
arpit.ludhiyai@gmail.com
Rohit Pathak
AITR, Indore, MP, India
rohitpathak@ieee.org
Abstract: Nanotechnology enabled RFID (Radio Frequency
Identifcation) has been introduced in recent years but issues
regarding their reliability, commerciability and application still
needs to be resolved. The current market of Nano RFID is still in
embryonic state which will be growing in the upcoming years if
these issues are addressed. This paper explores the details of the
commerciability of the Nano RFID System for various industrial
applications. The formulation for Time for market and Game
theoretical approach is modeled for Nano RFID systems. Nano
RFID will be a very important tool and its application in Food,
Bio and Banking explorations has been proposed in recent years
which can be implemented using this proposal.
Commercialization of Nano RFID system also depends on the
knowledge and implementation of aspects such as device
reliability of MEMS antenna and transponders. This idea has
been derived from the earlier research done in MEMS reliability,
multi scale modeling and modeling using HPC of the setup.
Keywords- Nanotechnology, Reliability, Modeling, Business,
Time to commercialize (TTC), Game Theory.
I. ITRODUCTION
With te advent of nanotechnology many felds are gaining
fom it. Naotechnology have been implemented in number of
felds, RFI is one of them. RFI is used for tracking or
identifing a person, aimal or a product uniquely with te help
of radio waves. RFI has basically two pars one is
interogators and the other are tags or labels. Tags comprises of
two parts, for the purpose of radio fequency identifcation, one
is integrated circuits and anoter is the atenna used for
tasmission and recelVmg of radio signals. Now
nanotechnology has been widely used for maing available the
chip for RFI purose.
I applying nanotechnology for maing RFI chips a
number of issues facing te technology have to be analyzed
critically. Tere are number of issues accompaying nao
RFI systems such as its reliability, commerciability as well a
its applications. Tese issues ae to be resolved at the earliest to
mak the beginning of a new era of identifcation.
Te market for nao RFI is in its nacent stage ad to
bring it to its fll potential the above mentioned issues must be
tackled. Commercialization of nao RFI is of utmost
importace. Tis important issue of commercialization is being
explored in this paper. I tis paper we have introduced a
method to accurately predict commercialization ad strategy
which has not been studied before. Tis paper will help the
industries in Nao RFID to for a better strategy for
developing this subject. As tis feld grows in fture industry
978-1-4244-7202-4/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE
Satyadhar Joshi
SVITS, Indore, MP, India
satyadhar joshi@ieee.org
Durgesh Kumar Mishra
AITR, Indore, M.P. India
Mishra Jesearch@redifmail.com
validation ca be found ad the theory ca be modifed
accordingly.
II. CURRENT SCENARIOS AD ANALYSIS OF STATE OF ART
TECHNOLOGY
Nano RFID has been a area of intensive research where
low power passive RFID system has been a demand of the
industry [1]. Various sofware faeworks are already
developed using platforms like JAVA for their integration in
mobile phones ad other devices [2]. Developments in MEMS
based RFID have given new ideas for the exploration of Nao
Antenna and Nano Transponders. Also various modeling
schemes are proposed to compute reliability of Nano RFID
system as well as multi scale modeling of Nao RFID systems
[3, 4, ad 5]. These devices can be printed as per the demands
due to their accurate modeling at nao scale. Such technology
has been made possible using printing of microelectronic
devices [3].
RH T & Light -
MOX sensors
-
l
sensors
FI eJible Substrate
I
I
Th in
f 1m
batt er
Control
ElectronICS
Fig. 1. Main Functional block of FTM [6].
The enabling technologies for the development of a fexible
tag micro lab for food monitoring during the logistic chain are
presented. The realization of the system includes the
integration of physical and chemical sensors with Radio
Frequency Identifcation (RFI) communication capabilities
[6]. An inkjet-printed broadband atenna on fexible and
organic substrate for the UHF Radio Frequency Identifcation
(RFI) and sensing applications is presented [7].
An overview of novel design and integration approaches for
improved perfonance UHF Radio Frequency Identifcation
(RFI) tags with embedded power source ad sensing
capability is presented in [9]. Capabilities of inkjet-printing
technology in integrated wireless biosensors on organics
bridging RFID ad sensing technology have been proposed in
recent years. A novel fexible magnetic material is presented
as an alterative substrate for wearable biosensors [10].
Earlier work on Nao RFI, Business RFID, RFID
mobile phones has played a importat role in developing this
model which motivated us to work in the subject [3, 4, and 5].
III. PROPOSED DM TO COMRCIALIZE FOR NAO RFI
SYSTEM
Reseach in reliability engineering will have its impact on
commercialization can be clearly seen in the earlier work.
During the study it was found that the model developed for
reliability engineering will well be suited to be applied in TIC
for Nao RFI system with the right alteration. "TIC model"
for Commercializing on Nanotechnology depends on many
factors including reliability, packaging, availability and cost
reduction. The model is now applied for Nao RID system
in this proposal.
Paaeters of the following needs to be calculated using
appropriate operators which are defmed as follows:

TIM = f (Reliability, Multi scale optimization,
Social issues, investment for Nao RFID systems)

Operator R (models, accelerated testing,
redundancy, Packaging)

Operator M (multi scale and multi physics
optimization for accurate predictions)

Operator S (Social ad ethical issues)

Operator I (fnding ad investment)

TIM= Krwte-Operator (R+M+S+I)
Reverse reliability commercialization factor, is a fnction in
which we can assume the fnction of time to failure as
identical to time to market fnction is proposed and
implemented in this work. Using this we ca fon a
mathematical basis for predicting the commercialization of the
system. This model is derived fom reliability engineering
which was developed ealier. The relation was observed in
Naotech where the chaces of realization have been a reverse
exponential fnction with minimum probability at 0 ad as
time increases the probability increases to 1.
TTF is found to be an exponential fnction and therefore we
can link it with factor like time to vanish or commercially not
viable probability distribution.
I reliability engineering we have /(t) depended on
fequency MEMS device operate, viscosity of the medium in
which MEMS device operates, force exerted on the device,
electrostatic forces and electromagnetic forces it is subjected
to, material which defmes the strength of the device in vaious
fons. Now redefming the same for TIC fnction we need to
modif the parameters as follows:
v= fequency of operations
K = stress it is subjected to, which related to the
environmental and ethical issues
I = inertia in research in the subject
Cc = efect like seeding
CA market forces, like other fnding
M
(p
,
c, r
)
= material of the device, cost issues
I=current fowing in the meas number of papers
published in SCI
To=in some cases temperature may also be a cause, which
is news in media.
ft) is a fnction of v, K, I, Co CM, M (p, C, r
)
, 1
To
We have discussed the physics of commercialization of
these devices which it is assumed that the fnction will be
exponential with some modifcation since it's a standard
reliability fnction used which can be modifed for the TTC
issue.
I is obvious that ft) will increase with v, K, I, Cc, CM
M
(p
, c, r
)
, 1
To
As these paaeters are linked to the TTC therefore to
insert their equivalent they a calculated by operator f where
increase in any of them will increase the TIC device, this
operator converts the respective value to a fnction that needs
to be inserted in the main failure probability distribution
equation.
Also it is obvious that the variation will have an
exponential distribution for the failure rate distribution which
can be derived fom the basic principle of exponential
distribution of reliability theor.
So,
ft) = (fv) + f(K) + f(l) + f(Ce + f(CM) + f(M
(p
,
c, rJ + f
( +
f(To
x
e
-(v + K+ + EX+ CM+M(p
, C, r) +1+ T
o
!
(1)
},=(f'(v) + f'(K) +
/'(1) + f'C
C
e
) + f'C
C
M
)
+ f'(
M (p,e,r
(2)
We have assumed we are given all paraeters ad they
remain constat througout the cycle of the Nao device then
(f(u) + f(K) + fel) + f(C) + f(M ) + f(M (p, C, r + f(1) +
f(To = A is assumed constat for computation that is being
done on M TLAB.
This fonulation developed needs to be modifed as the
exact dependencies of a case specifc Nao device for example
the proposed models. For exaple" need to derive for Nao
RFI which has MEMS based atenna ad transponders.
At any given point there is a probability of the device to
either get success or get fail as per the commercial prospective.
This is a generic success in commercialization distribution
for system is under process to get commercialize,
Thus the system ca be taen to have probability
f
{
t
) =
Ae-A
t f
ort> O,A > 0
o otherwise
(3)
This fnction is approximated by a continuous variable
where we assume the Time to success T is continuously
distributed with probability density f (t)
For a Proposed device it depends in the fequency of
fnding, publications, total number of times it gets media
coverage
f
)
=
'
(f A)e-(J.f)t for t > 0 A>
o otherwise
Fig. 4. Probability distribution for system A.
(4)
Case study of CNT based devices (Reliability, Packaging,
Multi scale optimization, Social issues) are needed for
building its model . This is a Reverse fnction of failure rate
which takes the form of chances of device to get
commercialized.
IV. GAME THORETICAL MODEL FOR NANO RFID SYSTEMS
Reseach in reliability engineering will have its impact on
commercialization. During the study it was found that the
model we were developing for reliability engineering will well
be suited to be applied in TTC. "TIC model" for
Commercializing on Nanotechnology depends on many
factors including reliability, packaging, availability and cost
reduction. Modeling reliability and packaging ae the
important factors for ay nao device to hit the market. The
game theory model for Nao RFID is being explore in this
par.
Options defmed for a compay who wats to incorporated
nano enable devices is then defmed using these forulations.
The strategy set can be a fnction of the following:
If company A decides to introduce a Nao RFID that
involves nano scale technology then it will be followed by
company B who also will follow the same strategy. Then in
such case we may defne the equation as follows. The basic
idea of companies with regad to Nao RFID is printable
sensors and systems. We have for this analysis not considered
the security issues for Nano RFID which we hope to include in
our next model.
Fig. 5. Game plan showing the implications for a company to
introduce novel nano material in its current products.
Set of Strategy profles if a company sees other company to
developed and include Strategies ca be defmed as:
1. Increase fnding in the aea of Nano elements of
RFID
2. Work on the pre patented technology which inclues
patents of under 150 n RFID tags
3. Work on reliability ad packaging models, where
diferent elements will have different packaging
solutions
4. SCI reseach in the specifc area need to be
monitored
5. Development of modeling solutions using latest
CAD design which includes simulation using HPC
6. Social implication of the technology developed
7. Expensive today not feasible
Payoff fnctions for a Nano RFI systems:
1. Success
2. Successfl product but less reliable
3. Successfl but expensive
4. Successfl but ethical and social issues
5. Successfl but got late
6. Successfl but patent complication
7. Successfl but goverent clauses
8. Failure
In the analysis each strategic move will have a probability
dependent on time which is k
A
t
Probability of fnding on t depends on various paaeters
k(-+
-
+A+A)t
which need to be explored. Now is the
probability for a strategic profle available which also depends
on other parameters.
k' (A+-+.+A)t k-t
e
=
(5)
Also a person has to take a move where the fmal probabilities
of all moves when added gives one as shown in equation 2.
k(
e
"t +
e
-t +
e
At +
e
At ) = 1
(6)
This equation must hold true as the event is exhaustive at any
given point.
Now for solving we have difference operator Labda at
various point, strategically if we know the probability of 2 out
of 3 moves the 3r
d
move's probability can be calculated.
+k
-
1

-log

=
------
t
(7)
PLabda) = probability of change fnding priorities, which
has its dependencies on other paraeters with va as time
PLabda2 = probability of moving to pre patented
technology
PLambda3 =- probability of moving aead on CAD, packaging
and reliability
Tme
Lamba
Fig. 7. Probability dependence of one Lambda I on the overall
probability of the system.
PLabda4= bproving publications patents in the
technology
Each of them will be an exponential fnction which varies
accordingly with the time. The ELambda) if vaies constantly
with time ca be assumed to increase or decrease with the
value with time the probability may be assumed as continuous
distribution with time. Lamba comparison for exhaustive
process at a point in decision making fg. 7 ad 8. I this
fourmation we have ignored the interdependent behaviours of
the company with changing time.
Lembda 2
Lembda ,
Fig. 8. Figure containing Lambda for various moves where the
variations of Lambda are defned for an exhaustive probability
moves.
0.35
0.3
0.25
0_2

0.15
0_'
: :
---1------
--
t
--
: :
:
:
0.05
_
_____-
:
- ___ _
5
4
Lamba
3.5
Tme
Fig. 9. Figure showing the continuous fnction for the defned move.
At point we have to take different values of each of them,
this will result in the payoff which is defned as vaious points.
If we assume the case of a specifc device then we can see
the clear picture, on which exactly the device is moving
towad commercialization. Assuming the constant exponential
fnction of each move can be visualized as shown in fg. 9.
V. CONCLUSION
Business of Nao RI has been explored in details for
models for TTC and GT models that will aid in
commercialization of the system. Models have been
implemented on M TLAB, ad the setup is scalable for
running on the HPC setup which can be expended on the
earlier proposals on implementation on HPC. Vaious
parameters and strategies are discussed for the model, which is
explored and ae computation fiendly to be implemented on
M TLAB. This is research will help companies to not only
work on commercialization model but to mould their strategies
in the new nao scale devices where the strategic profles ad
strategic moves has been re drafed. Evaluations of these
models can be made as this feld matures in te upcoming
coming. Thus the ad hoc proposals can then be modifed
accordingly to merge with these proposed models.
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