Techniques And Principles In Language Teaching Charles A. Curran's COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING (unit 7) consider S as whole persons.

consider not only Ss intellect,but also understanding of Ss feelings,physical reactions,instinctive protective reactions,desire to learn * S-T mostly * how to use L2 communicatively * T want their S - to learn about their own Ling - to take increasing responsibility for it - to learn how to learn from one another * sometimes S are assertive,oth er times T is very obviously in charge and providing direction * initially,T structures the class,la ter S assume more responsibility for it * relationship with student is imp ortant * CLL method is T-S centered * S learn from their interaction wit h each other * cooperation,not competition * S feeling is very important in Counselling-Learning * T ask how they feel 7 * T help S to overcome negative dealing with Ssfeel feelings ings * S seurity is provided (T use Ss

1 goals of teachers

5 S-T interaction

2 roles of teachers

* T is counselor ( not mean T is therapist or T doesntteaching,means T recognize howthreatening a new Ling can be for adultLers ,so T support his S )

6 S-S interaction

* initially,S depent upon T,then S independent by studying * CLL has 5 stages from dependency tointerdependency -in I,II,III ,T focus not only on L,butalso on being supportive of Lers in Lingprocess -in stage IV, T focus on accuracybecause of Ss security in L. accuracyis in I,II,III but in IV accuracy issubordinated to fluency.the reverse istrue in IV,V

3 roles of students

* S have a conversation using L1 * T help S to L2 translation in chunks * chunks are recorded,theyare replayed * L1 equivalents are written with L2 * conversation become a text * various activities are conducted in text (grammar,pronunciation) * S are invited to say how they feel * Currans 6 elements for nondefensivelearning 1- security 2- aggression 4 3- attention (not copy while I writing ) characteristics ofTing & Ling p 4- reflection rocess a- S reflected on the L as T read transcript 3 times b- S stop and consider the active experience they were having 5- retention 6- discrimination (while in human computer technique)

L1,respecting time limits,give S only L at a time,take responsibility for structuring activities) * L is for communication * learning is persons means both T and S work at build trust in one another and Ling process * at the beginning of process focu s is on sharing and belonging between persons through the L tasks * in supportive learning,L become creative and critical thinking

8 view of language

Techniques And Principles In Language Teaching Charles A. Curran's COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING (unit 7) consider S as whole persons. consider not only Ss intellect,but also understanding of Ss feelings,physical reactions,instinctive protective reactions,desire to learn

9 view of culture

* culture is an integral part of L Ling

13 evaluation

* S would be asked to write a paragraph or be given an oral interview rather than being asked to answer a question which deals with

only one point of L at a time

* T should work with what the Ler has * particular grammar points, 14 produced in a nonthreatening way 10 pronunciation patterns and vocabulary Ts response to emphasis on areasof language are worked with based on the L the S Sss error * T repeat correctly what S has said have generated incorrectly without calling further attention to the error

11 emphasis onlanguage skills

* the most important skills are understanding and speaking the L at the beginning,with reinforcement through reading and writing

* tape recording student conversation - S are in good position to take responsibility for their own Ling Ss conversation recorded and then

replayed 12 role of L1 * L1 used to provide a bridge from the familiar to the unfamiliar. * L1 used where possible * in later stages more and more of L2 used,only a few L1 used * meaning is made clear with pantomime, pictures and the use of L2 synonyms * transcription - T transcribes the S tape recorded L2 conversation on the board - if transcription uses as a poster,it increase S security * reflection on experience - reflect how S feel about L Ling experience,themselves as learners and their relationship with one another - S give their reactions 15 techniques * reflective listening - S relax and listen to their own voices speaking L2 on tape - another possible technique is for T to read transcript while S listen * human computer - S choose part of transcript to practice pronouncing - T repeats phrase as often as S wants to practice it - T not correct the Ss mispronunciation - S self-correct * small group tasks - small group were asked to make new sentences with the words on the transcript - S work in pairs to make sentences - it allows S to get know each other better (development of community)