Mining The SkyWhitePaperV5 3

MINING
THE
SKY
A Project of
PROMETHEAN ENTERPRISES INC.
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White Paper v 5.3 Copyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved
!ou are holding in your hands....

.... a description of a project that is vast in scope. It is quite possibly one of the most exciting adventures in which anyone alive today will have the chance to participate. The project involves the private commercialization of space exploration. Its success will change forever, and for the better, the entire character of civilization on Earth, and open a doorway to the stars. Ever since Tsiolkovsky, in the early 1900's, and Gerard K. O'Neill, in the 1970's, wrote about space exploration, people have been writing about, talking about, and dreaming of mining asteroids, building structures in space, and opening up the cosmos for human colonization. We simply think the time has come to move beyond dreaming, to action. If not us, who? If not now, when? This project is bold, and audacious. There may be those who will be daunted by the magnitude of what the Company is proposing to accomplish. Certainly, it is not for the timid or faint-hearted. The Company expects the very nature and scope of its plans will act as a magnet to draw to itself unique men and women possessed of great courage and clear vision. We are building a team--and enthusiastically invite the wholehearted participation--of investors, scientists, engineers, astronomers, astrophysicists, cosmo-chemists and administrators who thrill at the prospect of being out ahead of the cutting edge, and who want to be integrally involved in reaching out to the stars, and creating a better future for all of Mankind. If that sounds like you, please read on.
White Paper v 5.3
Copyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Promethean
Enterprises , Inc.
White Paper v 5.3
Inspiration
Inspiration for the Company and its projects came from Dr. John S. Lewis, and his untiring, determined, and firm conviction that mining asteroids is not only possible, but necessary. Dr. Lewis has been advocating the mining of asteroids for more than thirty years. He is more knowledgeable and more informed about such a project, and what such a project will entail, than any other single human being. One might think of him as "Mr. Asteroid." Dr. Lewis is the author of many books and articles on space exploration, including the popular Mining the Sky. He was, for many years, the CoDirector of the NASA-funded Space Engineering Research Center at the University of Arizona, where he was also a professor of Planetary Sciences. The company has met with Dr. Lewis and discussed the project with him at great length. Dr. Lewis has no doubt that what the Company is proposing is easily achievable with current technology. (As technology advances, what the Company is proposing becomes ever more achievable.) Dr. Lewis' vision of what is possible was the spark that ignited the formation of the Company. His vision, and conviction of what is possible, continue to be a force driving the Company forward toward its goals. The Company is determined to make Dr. Lewis' fervently held dream of mining asteroids become a reality during his lifetime.
White Paper v 5.3
DEDICATION
This venture is dedicated, rst and foremost, to John Houbolt. At the very beginning of the Apollo program, after President Kennedy had challenged the country to send a man to the moon, the scientists were somewhat in a quandary how to accomplish such an awesome goal, since no one had ever done it before. There were many proposals and theories, including the idea of sending one big rocket ship all the way to the moon and back. Mr. Houbolt proposed a Lunar Orbit Rendezvous (LOR) approach, in which the ship carrying the astronauts would go into orbit around the moon, a landing craft would descend to the moon's surface, and subsequently ascend and rendezvous in lunar orbit with the waiting space craft, for the journey back to Earth. Mr. Houbolt and his proposal were ridiculed. To his ever-lasting credit, he persisted. At the risk of jettisoning his entire career, he wrote directly to the head of NASA, explaining why his idea was the only workable approach. Eventually, even Werner Von Braun agreed, and Houbolt's proposal became the ofcial approach. Many people believe that if any other approach had been tried, the Apollo Program would have failed, and the space program might never have been. Houbolt's vision, courage and persistence, at great personal risk, to get his approach accepted, enabled space exploration to be where we are today: on the very cusp of an explosive privatization of space exploration. We are all in John Houbolt's debt.
This venture is dedicated to the many thousands of men and women who have worked in the aerospace industry for the past 50 years. Anyone venturing into space today stands on the shoulders of these people, known and unknown, great and small. It is because of the tireless effort and dedication of these unsung heroes, that the venture upon which Promethean Enterprises is about to embark is even conceivable, let alone achievable.
AND
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
All information contained in this copyrighted document is the sole property of Promethean Enterprises, Inc. This document, or any portion of it, may not be reproduced, discussed, or publicized in any manner or form without permission to do so being granted in writing exclusively by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. This presentation is, and shall remain, the property of Promethean Enterprises, Inc. The party receiving this document agrees, as a condition of receipt, to surrender this document to the Company upon request. The information contained in this document is HIGHLY confidential. The Company has made this information available to the recipient of this document only on the condition and understanding that the person receiving this document will hold it and the information it contains in the strictest confidence, and that no copies of this document, whether in whole or in part, and whether physical, digital or by other means, will be made.
DISCLAIMER
The information contained in this document is made available for educational and informational purposes only. No solicitation to sell, and no solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities in the Company is made herein or hereby, and no such solicitation to sell nor any solicitation of an offer to buy securities in the Company may or should be inferred. Any such solicitation would and could be made only by appropriate, registered offering documents. The financial projections and forward looking statements contained herein are based upon readily available scientific information, and the current thinking of management. They represent educated guesses. This document does not guarantee--and nothing herein should be construed as guaranteeing-- any future events.
White Paper v 5.3
Copyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved !
CORPORATE INFORMATION
Corporate Offices
322 Burchett Street, Unit "E" Glendale, California 91203 (818) 242-1396 (954) 682-0621
State of Incorporation
Delaware
Legal Representation
The Schultz Law Firm 32123 Lindero Canyon Westlake Village, CA 91361 (818) 613-6510
Accounting
Atkins & Associates, CPAs
18401 Burbank Blvd Suite 215 Tarzana, CA 91356
White Paper v 5.3
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Challenge # 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Challenge # 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Project Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A large undertaking--entirely possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Generating interest and excitement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Exciting the popular imagination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Profit Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Summary .............................................. 8
THE PROJECT IN MORE DETAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Private exploration of space is happening now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Mining asteroids: the ultimate, elegant solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Solving the launch-cost dilemma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Space-based solar power (SBSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Additional projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 A necessary Research Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Estimated Time Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A VIABLE BUSINESS VENTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 "Build it and they will come" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Inherent leverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Potential customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 The Company will be its own customer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Multiple Income Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Business model: use everything but the squeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Solving the break-even horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 A Sample Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 POLITICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
THE RESEARCH PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Sample list of items needing to be investigated . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 The Boeing Company may assist in the research phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .19 Cost of the Research Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Other first year activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Project Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Capital Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Profit Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Cash Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 THE COMPANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 A Delaware corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Team building strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Partial list of disciplines needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 No difficulty building a team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Corporate infrastructure strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Unique corporate environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Support of the Scientific Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Company Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Mr. Michael Heartsong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Mr. Jonathan Reiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Scientific Advisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Mr. Clyde Chadwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Mr. Voytec Siwiac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Strategic Resource/Provider Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Boeing Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 L'Garde, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Directed Energy Professional Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Advanced Manufacturing Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 National Renewable Energy Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Imagine... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Good News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 GLOSSARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Earth faces many challenges: terrorism, wars and revolutions, extensive financial fraud, religious wars, the ever-present possibility of a world-wide epidemic of an infectious disease, depleting natural resources, the wholesale destruction of the environment, political disagreements between, among, and within nations, a declining world economy. There is no one thing, no single or simple action, that is going to bring solution and resolution to all of the many challenges the world is facing. But there are things that can be done to improve conditions on Earth. Promethean Enterprises, Inc. ("the Company") has been formed with the intention of addressing--and solving--at least two of the challenges that face us.
Challenge #1
The need and demand for electricity is growing more rapidly than the ability of our present, and predicted future technology, is able to deliver it. Civilization on Earth currently uses something in the neighborhood of 16 terawatts of electricity each year. (A terawatt is one trillion watts, or one billion kilowatts.) It is predicted that by the year 2050, with the increase in the number of industrialized countries, we will need something in excess of 40 terawatts of electricity each year. Current electricity generating technology is simply not capable of providing that amount of electricity.
Copyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved White Paper v 5.3 2
More importantly, the majority of current electricity-generating technology results in some form of pollution. More than 50% of the electricity generated in the United States comes from the burning of coal. (More than 70% comes from the burning of fossil fuels, including coal.) The percentage is higher for the world at large, approaching 80-90%. Even if current technology were capable of delivering orders of magnitude more electricity (which it is not), the resulting pollution would shut down our civilization. What is needed are "green", non-polluting ways of generating vast amounts of electricity, sufficient to meet our civilization's escalating needs. There are many on-going efforts to develop solar, wind, and wave sources of electricity. All of these have the benefit of being largely, if not entirely, "green", non-polluting ways of generating energy. None of them is capable of generating the amount of energy that Earth will require. This challenge has been the focus of concern for more than 40 years. The solution that was proposed by Peter Glaser 40 years ago, and continues to be proposed, is Space Based Solar Power (SBSP): launching solar energy gathering satellites into geosynchronous or geostationary orbit, converting the electricity to microwaves, transmitting the microwaves to Earth, and finally reconverting the microwaves into electricity to be fed into the grid. Given current and presumed future launch costs, most people have shied away from undertaking such a venture: it has, in the past, appeared to be not an economically viable venture. It will, at best, provide only a small fraction of Earth's predicted future energy needs. [Space Energy is proposing to launch a series of 15 such satellites, over the next 15 years, each of which will produce 1 Gigawatt of electricity. It would require 1,000 such satellites to generate 1 terawatt.] This presentation describes what we believe is a more far-reaching, long-term solution to this challenge.
Challenge #2
Until recently, the exploration of Space, including subsidiary aspects of Space exploration such as building launch vehicles capable of putting something into orbit, has been undertaken only by governments. That is changing. As private companies enter the field, their presence is changing the paradigm that Space exploration is exclusively the province of government. We are on the cusp of a groundswell of the private commercialization of Space exploration.
Copyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved White Paper v 5.3
The Ansari X Foundation exists specifically for the purpose of stimulating, by offering challenges and prizes, the private (non-governmental) commercialization of space. There are a growing number of private companies involved in the development of necessary components to space exploration. XCOR is developing a vehicle capable of taking off from, and landing on, a runway. The vehicle will be capable of achieving orbit (as the NASA Shuttle did). Unlike the NASA Shuttle, that required six months of refurbishing between launches, XCOR's vehicle is intended to be able to make as many as four trips per day (!!). Elon Musk's company, Space X, is developing state-of-the-art launch vehicles, and already has a contract with NASA to take over a portion of their launch schedule. There are a dozen or more other private companies focused on providing specific supporting components to space exploration. In spite of all of these current, and future, developments, the cost of a mission to other planets, let alone other solar systems or galaxies, remains daunting. A major cost is that of launching the fuel that must be carried to power the vehicle on its journey. More than 80% of the cost of a mission to Mars is simply the cost of launching the fuel the vehicle must carry to get it to Mars and back to Earth. There is a radically simple solution: create a fuel depot in low-Earth orbit, from which vehicles could obtain propellant. This would reduce dramatically the cost of sending missions to other planets and beyond. There would be no need for a vehicle to carry any fuel, other than that required to get the vehicle into low-Earth orbit. Similarly, the cost of launching satellites into high-Earth orbit (for example, the satellites on which our GPS navigational system depends) would also be reduced dramatically. The propellant to lift a satellite from low-Earth to high-Earth orbit would be available in low Earth orbit. The obvious "flaw" in this brilliant solution is: how is the fuel going to be made available in low-Earth orbit? Where will the fuel come from? Lifting it from Earth will cost essentially the same, whether it is on board the vehicle that will use it on its trip to Mars, or aboard a shuttle craft bringing it to a fuel depot. There is no significant benefit or savings. Challenge #1 and Challenge #2 appear unrelated, do they not? Challenge #1 is concerned with the growing and desperate need for "green", non-polluting sources of electricity. Challenge #2 is all about finding a way to reduce the launch costs involved in space exploration. These two issues certainly appear unrelated.
Yet there is a common solution that will solve both of these problems. It is this common solution that is the subject of this presentation.
The Solution
The solution is as simple and elegant as it is visionary, bold and far-reaching. The heavens contain riches beyond the wildest imagination. Instead of using tons of fuel to lift tons of fuel out of Earth's deep gravity well, let's obtain that fuel from the heavens, and make it available in Earth orbit. Let us follow in Prometheus' footsteps. Let us defy the Gods, and make the vast, immeasurable riches of the heavens available to Mankind in the form of structural materials, propellant and, eventually, abundant energy and electricity.
Let us go mine asteroids!
Project Overview
Promethean Enterprises, Inc. (the Company) has been formed to make the mining of asteroids a commercially viable business venture. Asteroids contain large amounts of minerals, especially iron [Fe(OH)2], and, what is even more valuable, the ingredients for propellant to fuel rockets. After being processed, the iron will be made into structural materials. The venture will make structural materials and propellant available in space, in orbit. The structural materials will be able to be used, for example, to repair and expand the International Space Station. They will be available for sale to support other ventures, such as the construction of hotels in space. The propellants will facilitate travel to other planets and beyond.
The Company intends to be its own customer and use the structural materials to build, in space, a vast array of solar-energy gathering cells, convert the electricity produced to microwaves, beam these microwaves to earth, re-convert the microwaves to electricity, and thus begin to provide Earth with all the electricity it could ever need. The Company is also considering creating a vast solar-gathering array on the Moon, in order to have two such arrays beaming energy back to Earth. The Company has identified several other, potentially very profitable, corollary profit centers. These corollary projects should enable the Company to reach break even and begin generating profits sooner than otherwise. These corollary projects are proprietary in nature, but will be discussed with seriously interested investors.
A Very Large Undertaking--and Entirely Possible.

The Company has embarked upon an adventure that no one before has ever undertaken. The Company will be charting unexplored territory and doing what Man has never done before. This project will span the next twenty years, and far beyond. This is a huge, challenging and audacious undertaking. Some will find it daunting, just to contemplate it. There are many issues that must be dealt with, and obstacles to overcome. The principals of the Company are fully aware of, and completely understand, the nature, complexity, and extent of the adventure upon which they have embarked. They are not daunted. It is vital for people reading this presentation to grasp the truth of the following statement. What the Company intends to accomplish is entirely and completely possible using only current technology. As technology undergoes its inevitable advances, the Company's undertaking will become increasingly easier. The issue is not whether this venture can be accomplished. It can be. The success of this venture will require vast amounts of creativity, ingenuity, imagination and intelligence. But nothing the Company is envisioning is beyond the limits of currently available technology. The real issues are: how to accomplish it; what will be the best, least
costly, and most efficient and effective ways to accomplish it; and how much money will be required to accomplish it. These fundamental issues, and a large number of other items of research, will be resolved during a planned and necessary intensive Research Phase. Another exciting factor will be waiting to see which lucky people will have the opportunity to be involved.
Generating excitement and interest

The project is already generating excitement and interest within the scientific community. The simple fact is, everyone agrees that what the Company is undertaking needs to be done. Until now, no one has stepped forward to do it. We are not merely stepping forward. Indeed, we are striding forward boldly into a bright, beckoning future. The Company has begun discussions with several people at the Boeing Company. They have expressed interest in having Boeing undertake a major portion of the necessary research and development (the Research Phase) that will form the foundation for the Company's activities. The individuals at Boeing with whom the Company is speaking agree with Company management that what the Company is proposing is probably possible, given current technology. Of course, Boeing could not commit itself until the conclusion of the Research Phase, the purpose of which is to determine how best to pursue the Company's objectives, and how much pursuing those objectives is likely to cost.
Exciting the popular imagination

The Company's proposed activities are not only generating interest throughout the scientific community. As news of its projects spreads, as the Company moves forward and is actively designing its mining and processing robots, Company management believes excitement about the Company's mission will spread throughout the public as well. Here in the United States, interest in the sciences among young people has been steadily declining in recent years. The Company hopes and intends that its activities will ignite renewed interest among young people to pursue a career in the sciences, specifically those branches of scientific endeavor necessary for space travel such as mathematics, physics,
astrophysics, chemistry, biology, geology, and mechanical and electrical engineering. The Company anticipates that its activities, over the coming years, will send ever-widening revitalizing ripples throughout our civilization, the enormously beneficial long-term effects of which cannot yet be foreseen.
Profit Potential
When successful, what the Company is undertaking will be very profitable. By year seventeen, gross profits should be several billions of dollars per year, and growing. Thirty to forty years from now, Promethean Enterprises, Inc. will be one of the major corporations on Earth.
Summary
The commercialization of space is "in the wind." It is happening now. Promethean Enterprises, Inc. (the Company) intends to be at the very forefront of the private commercialization of space exploration. The core thrust of its plans is to mine asteroids, make structural materials and propellant available in space (most probably in Earth orbit), and build one or two vast solar-energy gathering arrays, in space and on the Moon. What the Company is proposing is entirely possible, given current, existing technology. All that is required for the Company to accomplish its mission is the application of imagination, intelligence, creativity, ingenuity, determination and nerve. Although it may take time to reach break-even, eventually the Company's projects will be hugely profitable. In addition to substantial profits, Company management believes the Company's activities will have an everwidening, educational and transformative effect on society as a whole. The Company welcomes, and looks forward to including in its bold undertaking, people of vision and courage who thrill at the magnitude of this adventure, and are eager to be involved.
THE PROJECT IN MORE DETAIL

Private exploration of space is happening now
As mentioned earlier, the private (as compared to governmental) commercialization of space has already begun. Companies like XCOR, Space X, Solaren, Space Energy, Bigelow Aerospace, and companies focused on tourism in space, such as Virgin Galactic and Excalibur Almaz, have already entered the field. More and more private individuals and companies are becoming involved in one aspect or another of this beckoning adventure. The number of people and companies involved today is only a small trickle, but this trickle promises to grow soon into a rushing torrent of activity and interest. Promethean Enterprises, Inc. is positioning itself to be at the very forefront of that wave.
Mining Asteroids: The Ultimate, Elegant Solution

Mining asteroids is the centerpiece and primary thrust of the Company's vision and undertaking. It is this activity that opens the door, and makes possible, projects that would otherwise be impossible or simply too costly. It has been known for thirty years (and suspected for much longer than that) that asteroids contain an abundance of minerals, including precisely the kind of materials that would be needed to build a massive array of solar cells in space. These materials will be mined and the materials left in space. We are proposing to send robotic mining and processing devices to near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). These devices will mine the minerals and propellant components, and send these materials to a designated rendezvous point in space. Both the structural materials and propellant will be made available in space.
Solving the launch-cost dilemma

One of the major obstacles to any space-based venture has been the cost of lifting things out of Earth's deep gravity well. Not only is fuel required to lift the payload (e.g. a satellite), but additional fuel is required to lift the fuel that will be required to complete the mission. Consider taking a long journey in your automobile. At the beginning, the tank is full. This adds weight to the car. At the beginning of the journey, some of the fuel is being used to carry with you the rest of the fuel you will need at the end of the journey. The same problem exists anytime something is put into space, except the problem is multiplied manyfold because of the enormous energy required to lift something out of Earth's deep gravity well. Moving a car along a road requires practically no energy, compared with how much energy would be necessary to lift that car one hundred feet into the air. And that amount of energy is miniscule compared to how much would be required to put the car into high Earth orbit. Presently, 80% of the cost of sending a vehicle to Mars is the cost to lift out of Earth's gravity well all the fuel that will be required for the trip there and back. By the time a typical launch vehicle has barely cleared the gurney, it has lost 30% of its weight. Another example: the Atlas 5 rocket can lift 188 tons into low Earth orbit. But it could lift only 77 tons of payload headed for the moon. The difference is the extra fuel needed for the journey. A solution to this challenge is to have propellant readily available at a "filling station" in low Earth orbit, where space vehicles can refill on their way to Mars, other planets in the solar system, and beyond. Asteroids contain frozen water (ice). Water can be broken down easily into its two components, hydrogen and oxygen. These can be liquefied, and are then available as rocket propellants. The water from asteroids can be sent back into low Earth orbit, processed, and be available in a fuel depot ("your local, friendly, neighborhood refilling station in space"). Having propellant available in low-Earth orbit automatically and dramatically reduces the cost of putting things into space. It effectively solves the launch-cost dilemma. With the availability of a "filling station" in space,
the majority of the fuel that would otherwise have had to have been carried on board, can be dispensed with. The fuel needed for the journey to Mars and back can be purchased in space--at a fraction of what it would otherwise have cost to lift that fuel out of Earth's gravity well. The mission will cost less. Some of the weight saved by not having as much fuel on board may be replaced with additional instrumentation or living space. With propellant available in space, roughly twice as much payload can be sent into space, at less cost.
Space-based solar array

The availability of structural materials from asteroids is also the solution to making space based solar energy economically feasible. The Company intends to build a vast array of solarenergy gathering cells in space. The very long-range objective is to build an array measuring several hundred square kilometers, or more.
Additional projects
A great deal of research and work has already been done by others with regard to building a solar array on the Moon. The Company is moving forward in the hopes of working with these people and being integrally involved building a solar-energy gathering array on the Moon as well The Company has identified at least a half-dozen corollary projects, that it is confident will generate additional, near-term income streams, thereby accelerating the time when break-even is reached, and the Company begins generating profits. A Necessary Research Phase The first step of this bold and expansive adventure will be a detailed and in-depth Research Phase. All of the factors involved in assessing the many different possible courses of action need to be thoroughly and exhaustively investigated and researched. We need to know with certainty, and in great specificity and detail--given present and predicable future technology--how best to accomplish the undertaking, and the dollar cost of each possible course
of action. We need to understand the relative safety of alternative courses of action for human beings who may need to be involved. This exhaustive research phase will provide the factual data upon which viable decisions will be made.
Estimated time frames

The Company hopes to be able to complete the research required for the mining of asteroids within a year and a half. It will likely take another two to three years to design, develop, build, test and launch the robotic device that will mine materials on an asteroid. Depending upon which asteroid is finally chosen, the trip to the asteroid could take two years. It could take an additional two to three years before the mined material has been shipped back and is available in Earth orbit. Thus, the Company hopes to be in a position to sell structural material and propellant to others sometime during the ninth or tenth year following funding. The Company will use the processed material to begin building an array of solar cells in space. The building of the array will take many years, and will be an on-going project. It is assumed it will take at least two years to have built the first section of this this array. Thus, it is likely to be at least twelve years before the space-based solar-energy gathering array is sending electricity back to Earth.
A Viable Business Venture

Introduction
Company principals are motivated by a desire to have a positive impact on the world as a whole. However, the Company was formed with the purpose of making the private exploration of space a profitable business venture. In forming the company, the challenge was to solve the puzzle of how to make space exploration a viable, profitable, private, commercial business venture--in addition to, and as the very foundation for, all of the political, economic and social good the Company's projects will have. The Company believes it has solved that puzzle.
What is described in
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this presentation is an economically viable, and eventually hugely profitable, business venture. Company principals are confident other people will share their conviction that the puzzle has been solved--once other people are made privy to the entire story (much of which is necessarily confidential).
"Build it and they will come"

Perhaps the reader will recall the movie Field of Dreams starring Kevin Costner. In that movie, the Kevin Costner character gets a message, "if you build it, they will come." In a similar fashion, the Company has every good reason to believe that if it is able to provide structural materials and propellants in space, customers who may not be obvious today will suddenly appear, and multiply exponentially. Three separate governments (The United States, China and Russia) have stated their intention to establish a manned colony on the moon no later than 2020. Whether any of them will accomplish that remains to be seen. Nevertheless, it seems likely there will be an accelerating amount of activity in space in the coming decades. This increased activity will be facilitated greatly if there are building materials and propellants available in space (rather than having to be lifted from Earth). One of the Company's primary objectives is to provide others with building materials and propellant at a cost dramatically below what it would cost to launch such material from Earth--but at a cost that will still generate for the Company a very handsome profit.
Inherent leverage
Why and how this will be possible is because there is an inherent leverage built into the process of mining an asteroid and shipping the material back to orbit. (This is the same inherent leverage found in any mining operation.) A one-ton mining device will be able to produce anywhere from 100 to 300 tons of processed material. That is a minimum 100:1 leverage. In other words, in principle, the Company can make propellant available to others at a cost to the Company equal to approximately one one-hundredth the cost of lifting that fuel from Earth. The Company could sell the propellant at a price equal to only 20% of what it costs others to launch a satellite into Earth orbit, and still make a handsome profit. For example, a 5-ton mining robot will be able to mine and process 750
tons or more of material. NASA's current launch cost is about $5,000 per pound. It is expected that private companies, such as Space X, will cut this cost in half in the relatively near future. If we assume a launch cost of only $2,000 per pound, those 750 tons of material would cost $3 billion dollars to launch them from Earth. If the Company were to sell that material for an aggregate cost of "only" $1.5 billion dollars, both its customers and its shareholders will be very happy.
Potential customers
There are right now two potential customers for the Company's future structural materials and propellants. The structural materials could be used to repair and expand the International Space Station. The propellants (hydrogen and oxygen, separated from water) will be available to lift satellites from low Earth orbit (LEO) to geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). Telecommunication companies will be obvious customers. In the future, the various companies focused on space tourism will very likely be customers. And, of course, any mission headed anywhere but Earth will be a customer for propellant available at the company's "filling station in space". It may also be economically feasible, once the manned colonies have been established, to ship to the Moon some of the water mined and processed from asteroids. Water will be needed for the colonization of the Moon, and there may not be enough found at the poles. This is another possible future customer for the Company's products.
The Company will be its own customer

If the Company's entire business model were based on supplying materials to others, this would put the Company at the effect of the success of someone else's efforts. Making one's success dependent upon the success of someone else is a poor business model. To avoid this, the Company intends to be its own--and
possibly its very first--customer. The building of a vast array of solar cells will make use of the materials mined from an asteroid.
Multiple income streams

Over time, the Company will generate a variety of income streams including, but not limited to: selling materials and propellants to others; selling electricity to customers on Earth; selling electricity to a Moon colony; and bringing precious metals back to Earth. [The type of asteroids the Company will be mining contain appreciable amounts of platinum-group metals. The current market for platinum is likely to grow with the increased manufacture of fuel cells and other devices that require platinum. The availability of additional amounts of platinum will most likely catalyze the development of uses for it.] There are additional, corollary sources of income the Company has identified, some long-term and some short-term. While these are proprietary, the Company is prepared to discuss them with seriously interested investors. The Company was motivated to investigate and develop these corollary profit centers by two separate considerations: a) a tried-and-true business model; and b) its determination to make the commercialization of space an economically viable business venture.
Business model: use everything but the squeal

A long-standing business model is to find as many possible ways to generate a profit center from whatever it is one manufactures or produces. One of the most classic examples of this is the work of George Washington Carver, whose research identified more than 100 separate, individual uses for the peanut. (Peanut butter was not one of them!) Another example is raising pigs. The most profitable and successful pig farmers joke about finding a way to use and sell "everything but the squeal," which is a highly pictorial way of describing this business model: find as many possible ways to generate income from one's core business. The Company has done this. It has developed more than a half-dozen corollary projects that integrate with, and support, its core business of mining asteroids and building solar-gathering arrays. The resulting synergy is part of how the Company is confident it is creating an economically viable business venture.
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Solving the break-even horizon

If the Company's business model depended only upon income to be generated from the sale of materials and propellant in space, and the sale of electricity generated from vast arrays in space and/or on the Moon, the break-even horizon for this venture would most likely be 20 years away, possibly longer. This greatly exceeds the normal 5-year break-even horizon favored by venture capital funding sources. The Company believes it has solved this problem. The Company believes it can achieve break-even in approximately ten years. It should be kept in mind that the Company is embarking upon what is essentially both a mining venture and the construction of a new energy-generating plant. Both of these types of ventures, by their very nature, normally have much longer time frames and break-even horizons, than business ventures involving the manufacture of a product, or delivery of a service. By predicting a break-even horizon of ten years, more or less, the Company is perfectly in line with breakeven horizons of typical mining ventures and/or power-generating plant construction. In the long run, once the solar array is built and is generating electricity, and the Company is selling structural materials and propellant to others, the overall venture becomes very, very profitable, as the accompanying financial projections predict.
A Sample Calculation
Current commercially-available solar cell technology--solar cell panels that any homeowner could purchase and have installed on the roof-- are at best 20% efficient. This means only 20% of the sunshine is being converted to electricity; 80% is not being utilized. There are expectations that the efficiency of solar cells will increase significantly in the coming years. Some solar cells have been reported to be as much as 40% efficient. For the present, and the purposes of this discussion, the Company is basing its plans on the current state of the technology. It is known that the intensity of sunshine in space is approximately 40% greater than here on Earth (where the sunshine is diffused by the atmosphere). The following calculations take this fact into account. The most efficient commercially available solar panels that measure 5
feet by 2.5 feet (12.5 square feet of surface area) generate 225 watts. In metric terms,this is about 1.2 square meters. For simplicity of calculations, assume an area of 1 square meter. Then 1000 square meters will generate roughly 225,000 watts, or 225 Kilowatts (Kw). One square kilometer (1,000 meters times 1,000 meters) should generate 225,000 kilowatts (Kw). In space, this array should generate 40% more energy, or roughly 315,000 Kilowatts. There is a 15% conversion loss when the solar energy is converted to microwaves, and again when the microwaves are converted back to electricity. Thus, the possible amount of electricity from a one-square-kilometer array might be 240,000 Kilowatts. These figures may be modified in practice because the array in space will most probably be constructed out of thin-film solar cells, rather than precisely the kind of thick, rigid solar cells that form the type of solar cells homeowners install on their roof. However, solar cell technology is advancing and improving continuously. For example, engineers at the University of Florida are developing an inexpensive method of making a new type of exceptionally thin and inexpensive solar cell they expect will make solar power the main source of electricity for the new millennium. Their thin-film solar cells have demonstrated a 19% efficiency, essentially identical to thicker, rigid solar cell technology. Electricity is bought and sold in units of Kilowatt-hours (KWH). The current household cost of electricity in the United States is about 12 cents per Kilowatt hour. Assuming the Company were to sell its electricity for only 9 cents per Kilowatt-hour, 240,000 Kilowatts would represent an hourly income of $21,600. In space, the sun shines all of the time. The solar array will be producing electricity virtually 24 hours a day, 365 days a year (a multiplier of 8760). Multiplying the hourly income by this factor gives a potential annual income of roughly $190 million dollars, from a solar-gathering array measuring one kilometer square. The cost to build and launch such a satellite is estimated, conservatively, to be in the neighborhood of $800 million dollars. The cost to build the receiving antenna ("rectenna") and other costs could bring this total to $1 billion. It will take about three years to design, build, test, and launch such a satellite. Therefore, break-even could possibly occur in roughly eight years from funding. The challenge is that no one has ever launched a satellite with an array measuring more than one-tenth of a square kilometer. And to provide Earth with the orders of magnitude of electricity it needs would require many
thousands of such satellites in orbit around the Earth. There may not be room for many thousands of such satellites. If there were, they would light up the night sky. For this and other reasons, the Company believes individual solar satellites can not be a long-term solution to Earth's energy crisis. The Company believes its approach--building a vast array in space--represents a more viable,long-term solution.
Politics
In addition to addressing and overcoming a myriad of scientific and technological challenges, a project of this magnitude must inevitably address and deal with factors that are probably best described as "political". This word covers issues that are literally political, that is, having to do with governments, laws and regulations. And the word covers other issues such as the existing power structures in the energy industry. It is vital that the Company equip itself with the necessary allies and the necessary knowledge that will be required to navigate its way successfully through these dangerous and unpredictable waters. Addressing these issues will be, in itself, a major project for the Company. Company management is well aware of this. Fortunately, the Company has resources with which to address such issues.
The Research Phase

The Research Phase is expected to take approximately one and half years. The Company may engage the Boeing Company to undertake a major portion of this research. The purpose of the Research Phase is to "drill down" and determine specifically and precisely how much each portion of the Company's plans is realistically likely to cost. The financial projections that accompany this white paper, and the estimates of costs and potential profits discussed herein, are educated guesses. The Company knows these estimate will and must change in light of the information that will be gathered during the Research Phase. During the Research Phase, every aspect and detail of the Company's proposed venture will be throughly investigated: Which asteroids should be targeted and why? How much structural material will be needed to build the largeCopyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved White Paper v 5.3 18
scale solar-gathering array? How large a mining-robot will be required? Will it be necessary to send several mining-robots to asteroids? Will it make sense to send them to different asteroids? What are all of the physical costs and human considerations? Precisely how much will each of the parts of the Company's plans cost? Can the array be built robotically or will some human element be needed? How much existing technology will be able to be utilized? How much new technology will have to be invented/developed, and at what potential cost? Which other companies will it make sense to partner with, for specific parts of the overall venture? How long is it likely to take to build a solar gathering array in space measuring 10 square kilometers? How about 100 square kilometers? How long would it take to build a comparable array on the Moon? What are all of the factors involved in building an array in space? Do we utilize existing launch facilities, or design and build our own? What will be the best way to make building materials and propellant available to others in space? Which location would be best to build a vast solar array (La Grange, Earth orbit)? What are the legal aspects of what the Company is proposing, and how will it be best to deal with them? What political issues will be involved, and how will it be best to deal with them? Who will be the best, most suitable, allies to have involved in the project?
This is a very small sample of the issues to be researched. An integral part of the Research Phase will be to identify the available and best outside providers of services the Company will need, such as launch vehicles, clean rooms, and people and technology to monitor the Company's vehicles on their journeys through space. The Company has already had several in-depth meetings and conversations with people at Boeing, the world's largest aerospace company. This discussions relate to the possibility of Boeing is to undertaking a major
portion of the necessary research and investigation for the Company's mission to mine asteroids. In addition, the Company expects to hire an adequately-large staff to gather hard, factual data about every single detail and aspect of the rest of its proposed plans. By dividing this phase into small parts, involving enough people, and engaging outside resources and providers, such as Boeing, Company management believe the major portion of this phase can be accomplished in a timely fashion.
Cost of the Research Phase The Company estimates it will need $12 million in seed capital to finance the first year and a half of operations, including the Research Phase, and the cost of raising additional financing. The $12 million will be disbursed in approximately the following manner:
Build the company website Spectrographic Analysis of asteroids Renting, buying or building the software needed to analyze orbital and rotational velocities of asteroids Analyzing orbital and rotation velocities of asteroids Assemble a team to accelerate the project of building a solar array on the Moon
$ $ $
100,000 650,000 350,000
350,000
$ 1,000,000
Hire one or more aerospace companies $ 6,500,000 to research the project of mining asteroids, including, the overall mission design, the design of the robotic mining and chemical processing devices, Company overhead and operations, including finding suitable office space, and extensive
650,000
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travel to meet in person with scientists, politicians, and other potential allies
Cost of raising subsequent rounds of financing $ Cost of raising seed capital (5% finder's fee) Contingency (5 %) $ $
1,200,000 600,000 600,000
TOTAL
Other first-year activities
During the first year, while the Research Phase is going on, there are several specific actions that will not require much advance investigation. For example, the Company will move forward to rent telescope time at major observatories, and hire people to begin the task of performing a spectrographic analysis of the more than 2,500 known Near Earth Asteroids (NEA).
$12,000,000
Similarly, the Company will accelerate its team-building efforts, in order to have the team of both employees and independent contractors assembled and working on the project as quickly as possible. An important part of the Research Phase will be determining the cost of the Company's major projects: mining asteroids; building a solar array in space; and building a solar array on the Moon. As soon as the Company understands how much money will be required (at least in terms of orders of magnitude, if not down to the dollar), another important task it intends to address during this first year will be the raising of significant amounts of additional capital to fully finance its plans.
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FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
[All of the forward looking statements contained in this section are, at best, informed, educated estimates, based upon the experience of scientific professionals, and upon preliminary and limited research. The purpose of the planned Research Phase is to gather enough information to be able to predict more precisely the cost and anticipated revenues of the various components of the Company's plans.]
Project Costs
Subject to information gathered during the Research Phase, the Company anticipates moving forward simultaneously on at least five major projects: 1) Robotically mining asteroids; 2) Robotically processing the mined material 3) Making structural materials and propellant available in Earth orbit for sale to others 4) Building a vast solar-energy gathering array on the Moon 5) Building a vast solar-energy gathering array in space Capital will be required to fund the design, construction, launching and monitoring of the robotic device sent to mine asteroids. Capital will be required to fund the construction and launching of the rovers to be sent to the Moon to build a solar-energy gathering array there. Eventually, capital will be required to build the solar energy-gathering array in space, and the construction of the microwave-gathering receiving antennas ("rectennas") here on Earth. The cost to design, build, test, launch, monitor and operate a robotic mining device is estimated to be in the range of $600 million dollars. This figure includes the costs associated with tracking it on its voyage, and controlling its operations once it has landed. It is hoped this figure will include constructing several such robotic devices. It will cost an estimated $800 million to design, build, launch and operate a robotic device in low Earth orbit to process, in space, the material mined and sent back from an asteroid. The cost to build, test, launch, successfully land and operate seventyfive rovers that will robotically build a solar-energy gathering array on the moon is estimated to be in the range of $1 billion dollars.
These are only educated guesses. The Research Phase will determine specifically how much money will be required for each of the components of the Company's operations.
Capital Requirements
It is possible that capital in the range of $2 billion dollars or more will be required to finance the first, full portion of the Company's venture. The Company obviously does not need this amount of money all at once. A portion of the costs may be able to be financed internally from the income and profits generated by proprietary near-term projects. Also, the Company has devised several unique strategies that will reduce investors' risk. These strategies will be described and explained to serious potential financial partners. The Company is raising $12 million dollars in seed capital. This money will finance the Research Phase, and the costs of raising the next round of financing. The Research Phase will determine how much additional capital will be required over what period of time.
Profit Potential
When the Company succeeds in its ambitious plans, the profits from this venture, in the long run, will be very substantial. By year seventeen, the Company's gross revenues are projected to be at least several billions of dollars per year, or more. A solar-energy gathering array in space measuring one square kilometer should be capable of generating roughly 240,000 Kilowatts. (See the section entitled Sample Calculations above) Solaren has just contracted with P G & E to sell them electricity for 13 cents per kilowatt hour beginning in year 2014. If we sell our electricity for only 9 cents per kilowatt hour, each square kilometer of solar-gathering array could generate approximately $190 million dollars per year. The Company's intention eventually, over time, is to build a vast array measuring 100 square kilometers or more. Assuming these numbers, then every four square kilometers will generate approximately $800 million dollars in gross revenues. An array measuring 100 square kilometers will generate gross annual revenues of $19 billion dollars, or more.
The potential profits to be derived from the mining of asteroids can be estimated as follows: a 5-ton robotic mining device should be able to mine at least 750 tons of material. NASA's present launch costs to LEO (Low Earth Orbit) are roughly $5,000 per pound. It is anticipated that Elon Musk's company, Space X, in the near future, will be charging half that, or roughly $2,500 per pound. [That is the cost only to LEO. The cost to put a satellite into Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is more.] At the rate of $2,500 per pound, the cost to launch 750 tons of material to LEO would be $3.75 billion dollars. Because of the inherent leverage in the venture, the Company could have some very happy customers by selling this material for roughly half what it would cost to launch it from Earth (a total price of "only" $2 billion dollars) and still generate a profit. The cost to design, build, launch and operate the robotic mining and processing devices is projected to be $1 billion. The robotic devices may very well be able to process as much as 1,500 tons (instead of only 750 tons) making that portion of the Company's overall venture just that much more profitable. Add to that, the fact that the Company will use the structural materials to build a vast solar-energy gathering array. The cost of the materials will have been paid for ("amortized") by the sale of these materials to others. Thus, most of the income generated by the solar array will be profits. This is an example of the manner in which many of the component parts of the Company's overall venture integrate with and support each other. This feature of interlocking components within the overall venture is part of the Company's unique business plan, and a major reason why this venture will be economically viable. A market for propellant already exists: the fuel needed to lift satellites from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO). If the Company already had propellant available in space, it could begin selling it tomorrow. It seems certain and predictable that if the Company can make building materials and propellant available in space, its products will be in very high demand. The Company will realize substantial profits--in addition to aiding space exploration enormously.
Platinum, an additional profit center

Asteroids contain small amounts of precious minerals, particularly the platinum family. Extracting these minerals will be a simple by-product of the process of mining iron, silicates and water. The platinum could be collected easily and brought back to Earth. Although not a major source of income, this represents an additional source of profits for the venture.
Cash flow
The Company is quite confident the venture upon which it is embarking will generate very significant profits in the long run. The challenge is not profits, but rather cash flow and break-even horizon. By themselves, the projects of mining asteroids, building a solar array in space, and building a solar array on the moon, will probably not begin generating revenues for at least ten years, and might not reach break-even for fifteen years or longer. Faced with this probable reality, the Company has developed other sources of revenue that it believes will help amortize the costs of the many components of its venture, and accelerate the point at which break-even is achieved. The Company has identified several of these sources of revenue, what it calls "corollary projects." These additional sources are integral to the Company's confidence of its ability to reach break-even horizon in about ten years or less. The Company is prepared to discuss these additional revenue stream with seriously interested investors.
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THE COMPANY
Promethean Enterprises, Inc. (the Company) is a Delaware corporation. The Company was formed for the specific purpose of developing, and sending to asteroids, robotic mining devices, in order to make available in space propellant and structural materials. The Company's other primary purpose is to build one or more vast solar-energy gathering arrays, either in space or on the Moon, or both, in order, eventually, to provide Earth with all of the electricity it could ever need. The Company is actively engaged in recruiting and building a team of scientists and engineers with the knowledge, backgrounds, and experience that will be necessary for it to accomplish its star-high objectives.
Team building strategy

The Company is building a team of people that will include both mature people with many years of experience, and younger people who have recently embarked upon their careers. In this way, the Company will have the best of all worlds: the benefit of years of experience, coupled with the energy, enthusiasm and new perspectives that youth inevitably brings. The Company needs to know how things have been done in the past (how we got to the Moon, how the Mars rovers were designed). And it will benefit from younger people willing to think "outside the box" and bring exciting, creative, new perspectives and insights to the design of solutions to the challenges the Company's undertaking involves. The Company is also assembling a Scientific Advisory Board. It hopes-and expects--to attract and involve some of the world's foremost space advocates, scientists and engineers. Full-time members of the team, as well as members of the Scientific Advisory Board, will necessarily include people with experience in the following areas: Electrical, mechanical and structural engineers who have been involved building space vehicles.
Astronomers and astrophysicists Spectrographic analysis of asteroids Calculations of orbital and rotational velocities of asteroids Expert on self-deploying structures in space and automated or tele-operated assembly Contemplating and testing the ability of a space vehicle to operate as planned in its intended non-Earth environment Trajectory calculations Guiding space vehicles on their journey through space General spacecraft design: propulsion, power, instrumentation, etc. subsystem integration Mission planning specialists Spacecraft operations in deep space, especially in asteroidal (highly asymmetric) gravity fields Experts on manipulation of mineral materials, including acquisition, beneficiation, and vacuum-sealing in a dusty environment Chemical engineers with experience in a. Microgravity electrolysis b. Microgravity cryogen liquefaction (hydrogen and oxygen) c. Ferrous metal extraction, vapor forming, and wire drawing
Experts in mining in near zero gravity Astronauts with hands-on experience in space operations People with experience "docking" space vehicles Designing, and constructing a robotic processing plant that will process the raw material from the asteroid and also function as the material and fuel depot Solar cell power collection, management, and conversion to microwaves SPS architecture, including station-keeping, Sun- and Earthpointing articulated components (solar cell array and downlink antenna aiming) Radio physics of transmitting and receiving antenna design Power grid interface expert: how to get power from the rectenna array onto the grid; power management viv-a-vis diurnal demand cycle Space structures, especially self-rigidizing inflatable structures Space law: parking rights in GEO; non-interference with existing
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GEO assets; mining rights and claims; liability issues Energy marketing expert familiar with both commercial and governmental customers Public outreach expert with knowledge of space technology and commercialization
No difficulty building a team

The Company anticipates no difficulty in attracting and building a team of the best and the brightest. There are people with many years of experience who have retired, on their own volition--or who have been retired, due to the downturn in the economy-- who would love to be involved in a project of this scope. There are just as many people who are presently employed who will want to participate in such an undertaking, if only parttime, as advisors, or on a "moon lighting" basis. The Company is not limited to scientists and engineers in the United States. Nor does the United States have a monopoly on the most brilliant or innovative scientists and engineers (although, fortunately, we have our fair share). Mr. Heartsong, one of the principals of the Company, attended Oxford University. He has ready access to scientists and engineers from that community. The Company has access to members of the European space community as well. The Company expects the challenge will not be finding enough people, but rather having more qualified people excited about participating in such bold and adventurous undertaking, than it will be able to absorb. The Company intends to bring on board only those people who are truly, deeply. and genuinely thrilled and excited by the adventure; and to decline to hire people whose primary interest is simply a pay check. The Company knows it has the potential to make a difference in the lives of tens of millions of people, and in the world at large. It intends to hire only people who, among other things, want to be a part of something larger than themselves, and something that will make a profound difference in the world.
Corporate infrastructure strategy

The Company intends to use existing resources and independent contractors to the fullest extent possible. The purpose is to keep the
Company's infrastructure as lean as feasible. During the Research Phase, the Company will hire probably no more than 20-30 full-time people. Eventually, the Corporate facilities will probably never have more than 60-80 full-time employees.
Unique corporate environment

Company management intend to create a unique corporate environment, free from petty politics and tiresome turf wars, where the best and the brightest will have the opportunity and support to do their best, most original, most cutting-edge, most ground-breaking work. This unique environment will be one of the Company's "trade secrets" and a source of its strength.
Support of the Scientific Community

What the Company is moving forward to achieve is something members of the scientific community have been talking about, hoping for and, in some cases, working towards accomplishing for many years. In formulating its plans and strategies, the Company has already been in communication with various prominent scientists. The Company's plans have been met with interest. Everyone agrees that what the Company is proposing to do needs to be done. No one has suggested it should not be done, or could not be done with existing technology, given sufficient time, money, and creativity (although some have acknowledged their own inability to imagine how to put such a venture in motion without government funding). Here is a representative--and very partial--list of the kind of notable people in the scientific and space-related community the Company desires to involve in its plans: Greg Maryniak Freeman Dyson Former President of the SunSat Council Prof. Emeritus, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey widely respected physicist and space advocate Former Deputy Administrator, NASA and former Director, NASA Ames Research Center
Hans Mark
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John Mankins Tom Jones
Former NASA SPS study manager Retired astronaut; flew 4 STS missions; installed Columbus science module on ISS; Planetary Scientist and advocate of manned asteroid exploration Entrepreneur; Chairman of the Board of Directors, Space Studies Institute A moving force of the Mars Society Associate Technical Fellow, The Boeing Company, Formerly Research Scientist, New York University Expert on space based solar power and microwave transmission. Research Professor of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Leader of Photovoltaics and Nanostructures Laboratories, University of Houston. Dr. Freundlich has done important work toward developing a solar array on the moon. Highly regarded astronomer, and lead investigator for the rovers for the Mars mission. Planetary Scientist, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado NASA Former Administrator; previously Vice President for Research of AMROC (American Rocket Company) Executive Director, National Space Society
Lee Valentine
Robert Zubrin Seth Potter
Dr. Alex Freundlich
Stephen Squyres
Dan Durda
Mike Griffin
George T. Whitesides Simon P. Worden
Brigadier General, USAF (ret.); expert on NEOs (Near Earth Objects); Director, Ames NASA Research Center
Harrison Schmitt
Apollo 16 astronaut;geologist; and former U. S. Senator

30
Hugh Downs
Chairman, Board of Governors, National Space Society Former Chief Scientist, USAF Apollo 11 astronaut; Ph. D. in Space Technology from MIT
Mark Lewis Buzz Aldrin
Rusty Schweickart Apollo astronaut David Brin Astrophysicist and award-winning science fiction author
The Company is already in communication with several of the people on the list, as well as other members of the scientific community. The Company is in the process of forming relationships with as many members of the scientific community as possible. The Company hopes many of these people will want to become involved, either as principals, team members, advisors to the Company or as members of a Scientific Advisory Board.
Company Management
The project is being spearheaded by Mr. Michael Heartsong and Mr. Jonathan Reiner. Mr. Michael Heartsong has an extensive background in management and finance. He is uniquely qualified to be leading the organizational development and forward motion of the Company. He has been involved, either as a consultant or principal, in six start-up ventures, two of which are still in operation twenty years later. As a management consultant, he specialized in helping his clients become more efficient, more productive, and more profitable, with higher employee morale. He has well-above-average team-building and project management skills. He has an extraordinary ability to remain focused, and keep others focused and moving forward toward a shared goal. The scientific community contains many extremely bright, talented and able people each of whom has formed very strong opinions about the best way to accomplish things in his or her area of expertise. The Company has already experienced this phenomena with regard to its plans to mine asteroids and
build vast solar-energy gathering arrays. Building a cohesive team of highly talented, opinionated people will be one of the challenges facing the Company. Mr. Heartsong's skills and personality uniquely equip him for this task. Mr. Heartsong readily admits he has almost no prior experience in scientific matters, and even less involvement, before now, in deep space exploration. But what he may lack in those areas, he makes up for many times over, with the leadership, management, and practical skills he brings to the Company. The Company believes one of his great strengths (not weaknesses) is that neither he nor the Company has any extensive prior involvement in space exploration. Consequently, they are neutral. The Company has no prior or hidden agenda. The Company's only priority is to find the best, most effective way to accomplish its objectives, regardless of where the solutions come from. There are many instances in which a company's founders had little or no technical knowledge or skills (Microsoft and Apple are two notable examples). A winning formula has often been a "partnership" between highly gifted technical people, and a brilliant, effective management team. It is often said that "the Devil is in the details." Mr. Heartsong disagrees. With how much enthusiasm will an average person approach some place where the Devil resides? Not much. Mr. Heartsong believes a more truthful statement is, "God is in the details" because only by paying close attention to the details, can one hope to achieve one's ultimate objectives or "God". The world is filled with people who are capable of attending to details. There are many fewer people capable of holding a large vision of something that does not yet exist. And there are even fewer people who are capable of holding a clear vision of an imagined future and simultaneously focusing on, and attending to, the details necessary to ensure that the future vision will become a reality. Mr. Heartsong is such a person. His skill and ability to do this will be absolutely vital to the success of the Company's endeavors. Mr. Heartsong's father and grandfather were engineers. Mr. Heartsong always assumed he would become an engineer as well. While in high school, he got certified by the RCA Home Study Institute as a Radio and TV Repair Technician. During his first year of college, he pursued a degree in engineering, then switched to Physics, and eventually obtained a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy from Amherst College. He graduated Magna Cum Laude, and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He pursued graduate studies in Philosophy at Oxford
University, before becoming involved in the film industry. [He jokes that this is a progression--engineering, physics, philosophy, film industry--that anyone could have predicted!] For more than twenty-five years, he has pursued a dual career path, as a cameraman in the film business, and as a management consultant. He is a member of MENSA, the "genius society". Mr. Heartsong brings to the Company a where-the-tire-meets-the-road practicality. He is someone who gets things done.
Mr. Jonathan Reiner is a young man who provided the very initial inspiration for the Company and its projects. It was he who became interested in the mineral riches of asteroids. It was he who first contacted Dr. Lewis and began the relationship between the Company and Dr. Lewis. Mr. Reiner has continued to provide inspiration for the Company's projects, and he has contributed specific ideas for additional income streams for the company. Mr. Reiner has developed, and continues to develop, contacts among younger scientists and engineers who the Company definitely wants to include in its team. The Company will benefit from the energy, enthusiasm and fresh perspective that younger people will bring to it. There is a second, equally important, reason why the Company is intent on involving many younger people: the project upon which the Company is engaged will inevitably stretch far into the future. Twenty years from now, the more mature people involved in helping to realize the Company's goals will need to turn the reins over to others. How much better this process will be if the people who take up the reins are people who have been involved in the Company's creation. Hence the supreme logic of having many young people involved from the beginning. As a younger person himself, Mr. Reiner is wellsuited to recruit younger people for the Company. Mr. Reiner is presently pursuing a college course of study to become an Electrical Engineer and Physicist.
Management hallmark
The hallmark of both these gentlemen is their ability to conceive of refreshingly new perspectives and "think outside the box." The word 'problem' is simply absent from their vocabularies. What other people consider to be problems, these two gentlemen consider exciting puzzles: opportunities to
exercise their creativity, ingenuity, imagination and intelligence to gain deeper insight, and devise novel perspectives, that can lead to innovative approaches, and possible solutions. These two gentlemen form the nucleus of a small team of highly skilled, experienced and credentialed individuals. Each person has been hand-picked to be part of the team. Each is wildly excited about his or her participation in what the Company believes is the single most exciting venture in which anyone alive today is likely to have a chance to be involved.
Scientific Advisors
The Company will have an abundance of people available to it who can provide the technical, engineering and scientific knowledge and expertise required. Here are two such people who are already on board. Mr. Clyde Chadwick has more than twenty-five years of experience within the aerospace community and industry. As an Engineering Specialist at the Aerospace Corporation, he helped design and analyze robotic Earth-orbiting and deep-space missions. He developed and employed mathematical models to plan and evaluate these and other missions. He designed, developed and delivered, to audiences of scientists and engineers, courses in software development for use in space mission analysis. As a Senior Engineer at JPL, he helped design, analyze, operate and evaluate robotic deep-space missions, including Voyager, Cassini, and several of the Mariner missions.
Mr. Chadwick has authored and co-authored many papers for both technical and non-technical readers, based upon his work and experience with deep-space missions. Mr. Chadwick received his Bachelor of Science in Physics from M.I.T. He holds a double Master of Science in both Planetary Science and Geology from Cal Tech. * Mr. Voytec Siwiec is an Industrial Designer, Engineer, Machinist, Fabricator, Inventor. For more than twenty-five years, Mr. Siwiec was involved in many space-related projects, building working prototypes, models, and training jigs for vehicles eventually headed into space. His working prototypes were used, for example, to test airflow, and how it actually felt to sit in the vehicle (something a computer simulation simply cannot reveal). His work included building complex mechanical devices, custom shapes and composite molding. He has worked for most of the major Aerospace companies that had facilities in California. Mr. Siwiec looks forward to providing the Company with the benefit of his knowledge and experience in vehicle design and prototype construction.
Strategic Resource/Providers
[Here are a few of the many companies who have the expertise and experience the Company will need as it moves forward to accomplish its goals.]
The Boeing Company. The Boeing Company is the world's largest aerospace company, with more than 160,000 employees worldwide. They are one of the primary manufacturers of communication, weather and Global Positioning satellites. Promethean Enterprises management have had several in-depth meetings and conversations with people at Boeing. Boeing is prepared to undertake a major portion of the research and investigation needed for the Company's mission to mine asteroids. Boeing's research will focus on the design and construction of the mining and processing robots, methods of transport to and from the asteroid, and overall mission design. Their report will detail precisely how best the Company's mission can be accomplished, and at what cost. L'Garde, Inc. Founded in 1971, and located in Tustin, California, L'Garde is probably the world's leading expert in the creation of deployable inflatables, including the technology of self-rigidifying structures. Company
management is exploring the possibility of L'Garde assisting in the design of the technology for the construction of a vast solar-energy gathering array to be built in space. L'Garde's experience in large inflatable reflectors may be useful to the Company in one of its proprietary income projects. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). For more than half a century, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has applied cutting-edge science and technology to enhance national security. The establishment of the laboratory, in 1952, had been spearheaded by renowned physicists E.O. Lawrence and Edward Teller, who believed in the importance of the creation of a second laboratory to augment the efforts of the laboratory at Los Alamos. Since the 1970's, LLNL has been at the forefront of laser science and technology. Promethean Enterprise management is in discussions with scientists at LLNL, principally with regard to their development of state-of-theart laser technology. The Company is exploring whether lasers might be a viable alternative to microwaves for transmission of electricity back to Earth. [Promethean Enterprises, Inc. intends to base its internal operations on the highly successful model--created by E.O. Lawrence, and used so successfully since LLNL's creation--of how large-scale science can be successfully pursued. The model is based upon a multidisciplinary, team approach, in effect creating a new ideas laboratory. This is precisely the kind of unique environment the Company will be creating for itself.] Directed Energy Professional Society (DEPS). Located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, DEPS fosters research and development of directed energy (DE) methodology, including high energy lasers (HEL) and high power microwaves (HPM). Through the society, the Company has access to dozens of scientists engaged in cutting-edge research of laser and microwave technologies. Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMT). Located in New South Wales, Australia, 80 kilometers south of Sydney, AMT are specialists in several areas of engineering and science that have application to the Company's proposed endeavors. Their more than thirty years of experience includes automating equipment, power electronics, process control and materials handling for mining projects, high voltage engineering, innovative machine development, chemical and electrical engineering, science of materials, physical extraction metallurgy, and general energy-related projects. AMT is experienced in multiple applications and uses of microwave technology, including an understanding of microwave energy interaction with materials. The Company believes AMT will be able to provide invaluable assistance and bring startlingly fresh perspectives and insights to bear upon the
Company's endeavors. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). NREL is at the very forefront of photovoltaic cell research. They have developed thin-film photovoltaics that have shown 19% efficiency, in effect matching or exceeding the efficiency of rigid photovoltaics. NREL's primary interest is to explore ways to work with private companies to transfer energy and energy efficiency technologies to the marketplace. Promethean Enterprises management is in regular communication with NREL.
This is a small sample of a very large number of providers and strategic resource partners that are readily available to Promethean Enterprises. In keeping with its corporate strategy to have as lean a corporate infrastructure as possible, the Company will utilize as many such resources and outside providers as feasible, as it moves forward in its namesake's footsteps, to bring the fires of heaven to Mankind.
37
ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS
Earth is facing many challenges
We are faced with a great many challenges: terrorism, pollution, a declining world economy, a widening gap between the haves and the have-nots of the world, extensive financial fraud, religious wars, the ever-present possibility of a world-wide epidemic of an infectious disease, political disagreements between, among and within nations. There is no one thing, no single or simple action that is going to bring solution and resolution to all of the many challenges the world is facing. However, there is one basic, fundamental factor that has set the tone and direction of much of our civilization.
Scarcity consciousness
That one, underlying factor is the concept of scarcity. The idea that resources are limited is a cornerstone of every school of economics. And it is embedded in the predominant consciousness and world view of Earth's inhabitants. Julian Simon, Anthony Robbins and others, speak about shifting from a poverty or lack consciousness, to a consciousness of abundance. They point out that the universe is abundant, that the single most true aspect of the universe is overwhelming abundance of all things: flowers, trees, stars, people, insects, animal species, and so forth. These motivational speakers and writers seek to encourage ordinary people to shift their mind-set and to recognize this obviously true aspect of the universe: that a key characteristic of the universe is abundance and plenty. However, shifting another person's consciousness--let alone one's own--is easier said than done. Is there enough space for everyone on Earth? Apparently so, since there
is still a great amount of undeveloped land. Is there enough water? There are no recent reports that the oceans have dried up. Are there enough cars, clothes, brands of detergent? The truth is, at least in the United States, Western Europe and several other places, we are faced with an embarrassment of riches. Yet we persist in our misguided conviction that life is based upon scarcity and lack.
One reason for Earth's challenges

We believe a consciousness of scarcity and lack is one of the reasons there is so much conflict in the world. People are afraid there are not enough resources for everyone, so they are prompted to fight to ensure they get some of what they believe to be limited resources. It is not unlike the game of musical chairs. Everyone is already worried and frightened about what will happen when the music stops, and there will not be enough chairs to go around. So, even before the music stops, people begin fighting and killing one another--to ensure there will not be more people than chairs when the music does indeed stop. There is, in this situation, something wonderfully and painfully ridiculous and absurd--a perfect setting for a play by Ionesco (a theatre-of-the-absurd playwright). But imagine if there were a small change in the rules. music stops, instead of there being fewer chairs, there are more chairs. Imagine the chairs that get added are always different and unique, highly aesthetic and beautiful. While the music is stopped, people have the opportunity to bask in the abundance of chairs by sitting in, and trying out, several different chairs. Then the music starts up again, and people walk among the chairs, greeting each other, and taking a moment to get to know one another better. Each time the
Can you imagine that?
39
Imagine....
a world, a civilization founded on the faith and certainty of abundance in all things, and enough for all. Can you do it? We have been so conditioned to believe in lack and scarcity that most people will have great difficulty imagining a world based upon the faith and certainty of abundance, and enough for all. But take a moment and try. The exercise is instructive.
Most people are struggling just to survive. It is not necessarily true that people with enough money and resources always behave in compassionate, ethical ways. But it seems to be generally true that when people are "squeezed" and their very survival threatened, they may be pushed or forced to engage in less than ideal behavior. This is because they feel their very survival is threatened. But imagine if that consciousness were to change. What if the general consensus and consciousness held by most people with certainty in their hearts was that there would always be enough? How might that change people's behavior toward one another? Imagine a world in which no one feels threatened with potential economic extinction. Other people in cars in traffic will happily give you the right of way. Strangers you meet on the street will greet you with an open smile, because you are a human being. There will generally be a tradition of enough, and plenty for all. Because they have enough, people with extra amounts will know there is more from where their abundance came, and they will be eager to find ways to use their resources to help others achieve and advance in life.
The economist, Thomas Malthus, writing in the early 19th century, predicted that population growth would greatly exceed available resources before the end of the 19th century, and that human life on Earth would die out. It is easy to see, from our perspective, that there was something faulty in Malthus' reasoning and predictions. One factor he failed to include in his calculations was the inexhaustible amount of creativity, ingenuity, imagination and intelligence human beings contain, have access to, and are capable of bringing to bear to solve the problems that confront us. The principals of Promethean Enterprises, Inc. have already begun applying their creativity, ingenuity, imagination and intelligence to solve the issue of energy, with the intention of eventually providing Earth with all of the electrical energy it could possibly need. As that possibility begins to become a reality in fact, and makes its way into the hearts and minds of Earth's inhabitants, we believe it can help begin to shift people's consciousness from scarcity to abundance. In a manner similar to when one drops a pebble into a still pond and a series of widening ripples results, the idea and experience of abundance and plenty could spread and "infect" people throughout our civilization. And that is very likely to have enormous, unpredictable consequences for the good. The first step is to provide Earth with more "green" electricity than it could ever possibly need. Whether that brings about a shift in consciousness is a second, and separate, matter, not necessarily under our control (but, possibly, under God's). What we can control is the ability to provide Earth with energy so abundant that every single inhabitant on Earth has enough energy to lead a life comparable at least to the standard of living of people of moderate means in the United States or Western Europe. Imagine sub-Sahara Africa being provided
with inexpensive electricity. Imagine all of South America supplied with inexpensive electricity. Imagine electricity so inexpensive and so abundant it makes the production of fuel cells and batteries highly cost effective, so that automobiles run on electricity, not fossil fuels. This will mean the elimination of all coal production and coal burning, as completely unnecessary. The amount of polluting emissions will drop precipitously by 90% or more. People will have clean air to breathe. The remaining oil reserves will no longer be needed to propel automobiles, and can be used for things that only oil can produce, such as nylon and plastics. The environment will no longer be continuously harmed. Many of the issues, problems and sources of disagreement and conflict facing us today will simply disappear. Life will change. There will be people still stuck in the old ways of thinking, who will try to capture and monopolize this new source of abundant energy, in order to control it for their personal agendas. We will not let them. [The principals of Promethean Enterprises, Inc. are fully aware that there will be political challenges, and resistance from entrenched economic interests, in response to their venture. Plans have already been put in motion to address such issues.] Bit by bit, as people all over the world experience the reality of abundant electricity and the many benefits this abundance will bring, their consciousness may begin to shift, even if only slightly. People may begin to think: if abundance and plenty is possible in one area of life, could it be available in others? The principals of Promethean Enterprises, Inc. hope to be able to help people make that shift in their thinking and their beliefs.
Good News
T h e g o o d n e w s i s , you have the opportunity to be part of this bold, audacious, outrageous, and exciting adventure--a project so vast as to boggle both the mind and the
imagination--but not so big that it is impossible.
W. Clement Stone once observed truthfully: "That which the mind of Man can conceive, it can achieve." If anyone doubts the truth of that, consider the following: Seventy years ago, Dick Tracy, in the Sunday comics, wore a wrist watch that today is called an iPhone (except the iPhone is much more powerful and can do many more things than his wrist watch could). Man has dreamed of flying through the air for hundreds of years. The Wright Brothers made that dream a reality, and air travel is completely commonplace today. More than forty years ago, "Bones", the medical doctor portrayed in the Star Trek television show, used a tricoder to diagnose internal, physical ailments. Today, there is a device made from a cell phone that can diagnose and transmit images, pretty much as envisioned in Star Trek. This device can be used to save lives in rural areas or third-world countries, where more sophisticated medical devices and expertise may not be available. More than one hundred years ago, the film maker, George Melis, made a film showing people going to the moon. We have been there and done that.
Doing the Impossible

Arthur C. Clarke (science fiction author, inventor, futurist and the author of the book, 2001: A Space Odyssey) suggested that anyone who says something is impossible has said more about himself (or herself), than he has about what he was claiming was impossible. From Mr. Clarke's perspective, to say something is impossible is simply to admit--to confess, if you will-- that one lacks imagination, or that one lacks nerve. According to Mr. Clarke, nothing is impossible. Or, as others might express it, with God's help, nothing is impossible. This venture has God''s help.
Moving Forward
Promethean Enterprises, Inc. is moving forward to harness, and bring to Earth, energy and power from space and the Sun. You can be a part of this great adventure...
...if you would like to be.
The choice is yours.
"What ever you can do, or dream you can, begin it: Boldness has genius, power--and magic!--in it"
-- Goethe
44
Glossary
Carbon Footprint - A carbon footprint is the total set of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event or product (UK Carbon Trust, 2008). An individual, nation or organization's carbon footprint is measured by undertaking a GHG emissions assessment. Once the size of a carbon footprint is known, a strategy can be devised to reduce it. Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) - An orbit around the Earth with an orbital period matching the Earth's rotation period. In principle, any orbit with a period equal to the Earth's rotational period is technically geosynchronous. In order to achieve geosynchronous orbit, a satellite needs to be at least 22,000 miles (36,000 kilometers) above the Earth. Geostationary Orbit - A geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth's equator (0 latitude), with a period equal to the Earth's rotational period and an orbital eccentricity of approximately zero. From locations on the surface of the Earth, geostationary objects appear motionless in the sky, making this orbit of great interest to operators of communications and weather satellites. Due to the constant 0 latitude and circularity of geostationary orbits, satellites in GEO differ in location by longitude only. Gravity well - In Einstein's understanding, time and space are one and the same thing, and should be thought of as a fabric, that can be stretched. Large objects sink more deeply into this fabric, thereby creating a funnel-shaped depression or "well". The deeper the depression, the more energy is required to get something out of it and onto or into the surround space-time fabric. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - An orbit within the locus extending from about 50 miles to 1,000 miles above the Earths surface. Mid Earth Orbit - An orbit within the locus extending from about 1,000 to 12,000 miles above the Earth's surface. High Earth Orbit - See GEO
45
TW - Terawatt, equals one trillion watts GW - Gigawatt, equals one billion watts. MW - Megawatt, equals one million watts. kW - Kilowatt, equals one thousand watts. W -Watt, a unit of power, equal to one joule of energy per second. It measures a rate of energy conversion. Laser - A device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process called stimulated emission. Laser light is usually spatially coherent, which means that the light is emitted in a narrow, lowdivergence beam. Microwave - Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging fro as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz. NEAs - Near Earth Asteroids NEOs - Near Earth Objects Photovoltaic - The inherent property of some substances (such as silicon) that, when exposed to light, creates a flow of electrons resulting in the production of an electric current. Rectenna - An abbreviation of the words 'rectifying antenna'. A rectifying antenna is the device that will receive the microwave transmissions sent from a satellite or a solar-energy gathering array on the Moon and covert these microwaves back into electricity. It is made up of many small, individual, antenna and has the appearance of wire mesh. Space Based Solar Power (SBSP) A method of generating electric energy that utilizes solar panels in outer space to collect solar energy and transmit the energy back to earth using radio waves (microwaves) and/or optical waves (lasers).

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MINING

PROMETHEAN ENTERPRISES INC.

!ou are holding in your hands....

White Paper v 5.3

Copyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved

White Paper v 5.3

Copyright 2009 by Promethean Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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Let us go mine asteroids!

A Very Large Undertaking--and Entirely Possible.

Generating excitement and interest

Exciting the popular imagination

THE PROJECT IN MORE DETAIL

Mining Asteroids: The Ultimate, Elegant Solution

Solving the launch-cost dilemma

Space-based solar array

Estimated time frames

A Viable Business Venture

"Build it and they will come"

The Company will be its own customer

Multiple income streams

Business model: use everything but the squeal

Solving the break-even horizon

The Research Phase

100,000 650,000 350,000

1,200,000 600,000 600,000

Platinum, an additional profit center

Team building strategy

No difficulty building a team

Corporate infrastructure strategy

Unique corporate environment

Support of the Scientific Community

John Mankins Tom Jones

Robert Zubrin Seth Potter

Dr. Alex Freundlich

George T. Whitesides Simon P. Worden

Apollo 16 astronaut;geologist; and former U. S. Senator

Mark Lewis Buzz Aldrin

One reason for Earth's challenges

Can you imagine that?

imagination--but not so big that it is impossible.

Doing the Impossible

...if you would like to be.

The choice is yours.

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