Pulp and paper industry water treatment

Page 1 of 2

Home

Applications

Processes

Systems

About Lenntech Turnkey plants Pilot plants Containerized plants Services Career at Lenntech International Internships Periodic table Calculators Visitors information Our partners Contact us

Pulp and paper industry water treatment

This two kinds of industries are normally separated. The pulp (raw material for paper industry) and the paper industry, produce different kind of waste water. There is also a third related industry, the paper recycling industry, which has a similar kind of waste water. In the following text the three branches of industry are separated.

Production process, pulp industry

The composition of pollutants in waste water of paper industries, depend on the kind of raw material which is used. For paper production wood, bagasse (outer stalk sugar cane), hemp, straw, etc. are used. Five basic procedures are used to produce pulp in an industrial way. The conduction of case can be with or without a bleaching process. If a bleaching process is also step of production, the Lignin will be destroyed. The effect is a whiter paper. The color depends also on the different kinds of wood or other raw materials which are used for the production. This step have the disadvantage to load the environment more, because of the use of chemicals like chlorine or chlorine dioxide (which are restricted, because of the process).

Chemical Processes
To produce pulp for fine and print paper, two chemical procedures are used. The Kaft process is an alkaline process. The lignin is cracked by NaOH or Na woods specially the wood contains pollutions.

Disadvantage is the odour problem, based on thiols and sulfides. The pulp has also to be suphite process.

Lenntech BV
Rotterdamseweg 402 M 2629 HH Delft The Netherlands tel: +31 15 261 09 00 fax: +31 15 261 62 89 e-mail: info@lenntech.com

Process water of this kind of process contains SO2 and the pH is between 8 and 9. BOD a wood. Normally the BOD 5 is between 1- 2 g/L, and the COD is 4- 7 g/L.

The sulphite process is a procedure based on acids. The effect is not the same compar procedure is more sensitive, against pollution. Branches and bark disturb the chemical p wood. Also resin disturbs the process.

Advantages of the sulphite process are more process variations and producing conditio production.

Semichemical processes

The NSSC (Neutral Sulphite Semichemical) is most used. The yield of this process is

The TMP (Thermo-Mechanical Process) is|generally used for newsprint Tel. +31 15 2 Copyright 1998-2011 Lenntech B.V Email: info@lenntech.com | paper.

http://www.lenntech.com/pulp-and-paper-industry-water-treatment.htm

12/5/2011

Pulp and paper industry water treatment

Page 2 of 2

The new CTMP (Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Process) is high efficient (approx. 95%) high than in other described processes. But it needs more energy to produce the In modern pulp plants, this kind of waste water has to treated generally: bleaching solutions washing and emptying evaporation condensates The amount of water which has to be treated is very high
3 3

approx. 30m /t pulp with mechanical processes and up to 150 m /t pulp with chem up to 10- 30% of fibres, fibrils and CaCO3 BOD5 and COD load vary between different kind of wood (BOD5- 100Waste water is treated by anaerobic waste water treatment vaporizing, incineration and

Paper waste water

Paper is produced from new or recycled pulp. Depending on the quality of pulp, it the process of paper producing, kaolin, CaCO3, talc and/or TiO2 are added to the pulp, to Also chemicals like organic fillers (starch, latex), colors, aluminum sulfate, etc. are used making the process simpler.

Paper can be decolored, which can be done with two different processes. Washing the pu washing with a low amount of water plus additions like sodium silicates, sodium carbona

Paper recycling
Pulp can be also made of recycled paper. But because of the color on written, old papers the pulp has to be bleached. The following procedures can be used. Depending of the agents to bleach the pulp, waste water has to be treated. Bleaching with peroxides, oxygen and ozone is not as efficient as using chlorine or chlorine dioxide, but the water has generally a very low or no amount of to treatment chemicals. By using chloride or chloride dioxide, the water contains these agents which increase the AOX. On the other hand, chloride bleaching is the most efficient. The waste water of paper recycling contains also particles which have to be filtrated. Rests of plastics, metal parts (paper clips, etc.) other waste have to be removed.

Find information about Water recycling in

http://www.lenntech.com/pulp-and-paper-industry-water-treatment.htm

12/5/2011