Health & Safety Statutory

Factories Act-1948 & Other Environmental Health and Safety Rules & regulations. Compiled By: SC Sharma

Outline Rules & Regulations

Factories Act-1948. OSHA-18000-2007 ISO :14000/14001 Environment Management System Noise at work regulations 2005. Fire Precaution Act 1997. Chemical Regulations 1994. Water Resources Act- 1991. Gas Cylinders Rules 1981(2004)

Outline Rules & Regulations

Indian Electricity Rules 1910(2004) Central Motor Vehicle Act-1989. Indian Boiler Act-1923(2007) The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (Amendment) Regulations 2004

Factories Act-1948
HEALTH
CLEANLINESS :-

Except in cases specially exempted , all inside walls and partitions, ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides and top of passages and staircases in a factory shall be kept white-washed or colour-washed. The white washing or colour washing shall be carried out at least once in every period of fourteen months. The floors of every work room shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing using disinfectant where necessary, or some other method.
Disposal of wastes and effluents :-

Effective arrangements shall be made in every factory for the disposal of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein.

Health
Ventilation and Temperature
Effective and suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining in every work room adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air and such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health.

Overcrowding :Unless exemption has been granted there shall be in every work room of a factory in existence on 1st April,1949 at least 350 cubic feet and of a factory built after this date at least 500 cubic feet of space for every worker employed therein and for this purpose no account shall be taken of any space which is more than 14 feet above the level or the floor of the room

Lighting :In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting , natural or artificial or both.

Health
Drinking water :In every factory effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable points, conveniently situated for all workers employed therein, a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water. In every factory wherein more than 250 workers are ordinarily employed the drinking water shall, during the hot weather, be cooled by ice or other effective methods. The cooled drinking water shall be supplied in every canteen, lunch room and rest room and also at conveniently accessible points throughout the factory

Health
Latrines and urinals :In every factory sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of the prescribed type(separate enclosed accommodation for male and female workers ) shall be provided in conveniently situated and accessible to workers at all times while they are at the factory. Every latrine shall be under cover and so partitioned off as to secure privacy and shall have a proper door and fastenings. Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty it would be to keep clean latrines, urinals washing places.

Spittoons :In every factory there shall be provided a sufficient number of spittoons of the prescribed in convenient places and they shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic condition. No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except in the spittoons provided for the purpose.

Safety Measures in Factories 39.1 Introduction Increasing number of accidents involving workers has drawn our attention towards safety measures in the factories. Accidents not only affect workers loosing their livelihood but also employers in terms of compensation to be paid to the workers. Accidents are a significant cause of dispute between workers and management. With the coming in of new set up of industries e.g., steel production, engineering, fertilizers, chemicals and petro-chemicals, oil refining etc., and increasing use of machine power, industrial complexities in terms of process of production have increased. This has given rise to hazards and risks. Safety measures are to be adopted against such risks and hazards. The Factories Act, 1948 has laid down certain measures for the safety of workers employed in the factories. In this lesson, we shall study about the safety measures in factories.

39.3 Need for safety measures

Safety measures result in improving the conditions under which workers are employed and work. It improves not only their physical efficiency, but also provides protection to their life and limb. Inadequate provision of safety measures in factories may lead to increase in the number of accidents. Human failure due to carelessness, ignorance, inadequate skill, and improper supervision have also contributed to accidents, and the

SAFETY
Fencing of Machinery :In every factory dangerous parts of machines, e.g, every moving part of a prime mover and every fly-wheel connected to a prime mover etc. shall be securely fenced by safeguarding construction which shall be kept in position while the part of machinery they are fencing are in motion or in use. Work on or near machinery in motion :No women or young person shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of a mover or of any transmission machinery while the prime mover of transmission machinery is in motion, or to clean, lubricate, or adjust any part of any machine, if the cleaning, lubrication or adjustment thereof would expose the woman or young person to risk of injury from any moving part either of that machine or of any other adjacent machinery.

safety Sec-23.Employment of young persons on dangerous machinery

No young person shall work at any machine declared to be dangerous unless he has been fully instructed as to the dangers arising in connection with the machine and the precautions to be observed, and has received sufficient training in work at the machine or is under adequate supervision by a person who has a through knowledge and experience of the machine.

Sec-26. Casing of new machinery

In all machinery driven by power and installed in any factory after 1st april 1949, every set screw, belt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle,wheel or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger, all spur, worm and other toothed friction gearing which does not require frequent adjustment while in motion shall be completely encases, unless it is so situated as to be as safe as it would be, if it were completely encased. Whoever sells or lets on hire or as agent of a seller or hirer causes or procures to be sold or let on hire, for use in a factory and machinery driven by power which does not comply with these provision, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which

Sec-29.Lifting machines, chains,ropes and lifting tackles

All parts including the working gear,whether fixed or movable of every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from defects, properly maintained and thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of twelve months and a register shall be maintained in prescribed form of every such examination. Effective measure shall also be taken to ensure that the crane does not approach within twenty feet of the place where a person is employed or working on or near the wheel track of a traveling crane.

Sec-34.Excessive weightAdult male Adult female 55Kg 30Kg 30 Kg 20Kg 16kg 13Kg

Young person (15-18)yrs Young female(15-18)yrsMale child(14-15)yrs Female child(14-15)yrs-

Sec-88 & Rules. Dangerous operationsEmployment of women, adolescents and children is prohibited or restricted in certain operations declared to be dangerous, e.g, manufacturing of aerated water, electroplating, manufacturing and repair of electric accumulator, glass manufacturer, grinding or glazing of metals, manufacture and treatment of lead and certain compounds or lead, generating petrol gas from petrol, sand blasting and liming and tanning of raw hides and skins.

Sche-IV. Injunction moulding machine

A.

An electrical interlock arrangement shall be provided so that the moulds can not be closed unless the front safety gate is fully closed and on opening the front safety gate, the moulds will stop automatically. In addition to the above arrangement an hydraulic safety shall also be incorporated with the front safety gate. This shall prevent the tail stock mould plate from moving forward on opening of the front safety gate. At the rear of the machine, their shall be provided either an efficient fixed guard or a sliding gate which shall be electrically interlocked with the movement of the mould plates in the manner of the front safety gate as required under (a ) above, so as to prevent access to the danger zone of the moulds in motion from the rear.

B.

C.

Pressure PlantIf any factory, any plant or machinery or any part thereof is operated at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure safe working pressure of such plant or machinery or part is not exceeded. Every pressure plant or pressure vessel used in any factory shall beA.

Properly designed on sound engineering practice. Of sound construction and material and of adequate strength and shall be free from any defect and properly maintained in a safe working condition. A suitable safety valve or other effective devices A suitable pressure gauge with a dial range not less than 1.5 times and not exceeding twice the maximum safe working pressure, easily visible and designed to show at all times, the correct internal pressure in kilograms per square centimeters and marked with prominent red mark at the maximum safe working pressure of the pressure plant or pressure vessel. A suitable stop valve or valves by which the pressure vessel or the system of pressure vessel may be isolated from other vessel or source of supply of pressure.

B.

Every pressure plant or pressure vessel shall be fitted withA.

B.

C.

E. A suitable nipple and valve connected for the exclusive purpose of attaching a test pressure gauge for checking the accuracy of the pressure gauge. F. Every pressure gauge stop valve, nipple shall be mounted at a height not more than 1.5 mtr from the working level. Every pressure plant in service shall be thoroughly examined by a competent personA.

Externally once in every period of six months. Internally once in every period of twelve months and Hydraulic test once in a period of four years.

B.

C.

The manager shall maintain a register of pressure plant or pressure vessels showingA.

Name & make of the pressure plant or pressure vessel. Identification mark. The date of taking into use for the first time and, The reference number & date of the report of examination by competent person. The report of the result of every examination made shall be completed in Form-13.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Storage of flammable liquids

A.

The quantity of flammable liquids in any work room shall be the minimum required for the process or process or process carried in such room, and flammable liquids shall be stored in suitable containers with close fitting covers. Not more than 20 ltrs. Of flammable liquid having a flash point of 20 degree or less shall be kept or stored in any work room. Flammable liquid shall be stored in closed containers and in limited quantities in well ventilated rooms of fire resisting construction which are isolated from the remainder of the building by fire walls & self closing fire doors. Large quantity of such liquids shall be stored in isolated adequately ventilated building of fire resisting construction or in storage tanks, preferably underground and a distance from any building as required in the petroleum Rules 1976. Effective steps shall be taken to prevent leakage of such liquids into basement sumps drains and to confirm any escaping liquid within safe limits.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Accumulation of flammable dust,gas,fume or vapour in air or flammable waste material on the floorsA.

Effective steps shall be taken for removal or prevention of the accumulation in the air of flammable dust gas, fume or vapour to an extent which is likely to be dangerous. No any material of a flammable nature shall be permitted to accumulate on the floors and shall be removed at least once in a day or shift, and more often when possible.

B.

Floors, Stairs, and Means of Access In every factory

a)

all floors, steps, stairs and passages shall be of sound construction and properly maintained, and where it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, and passages shall be provided with substantial hand rails b) there shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be provided, and maintained safe means of access to every place at which any person is at any time required to work.

b)

Pits, Sumps, openings in floor etc. which may be a source of danger, shall be either securely covered or securely fenced. Securely fencing a pit means covering or fencing it in such a way that it ceases to be a source of danger. Protection of Eyes If the manufacturing process carried on in any factory is such that it involves (a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the process or (b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive lights, effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on, or in the immediate nearness of, the process.

Precautions against Dangerous Fumes and use of Portable Light

i)

No person shall enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe or other confined space in a factory in which dangerous fumes are likely to be present to such an extent as to cause risk of persons being overcome thereby. No portable electric light of voltage exceeding twenty four volts shall be permitted in any factory for use inside any confined space. Where the fumes present are likely to be inflammable no lamp or light, other than of flameproof nature, shall be allowed to be used.

iii) No person in any factory shall be allowed to enter any confined space, until all practicable measures have been taken to reverse any fumes which may be present and to prevent any ingress of fumes. iv) Suitable breathing apparatus, reviving apparatus and belts and ropes shall be kept in every factory for instant use. All such apparatus shall be periodically examined and certified by a competent person to be fit for use. v) No person shall be permitted to enter in any factory, any boiler, furnace, chamber, tank, pipe, or other confined space for the purpose of working or making any examination until it has been

Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas etc. If any manufacturing process in the factory produces dust, gas, fume, or vapour of such a nature as is likely to explode on ignition, measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion by: effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in the process; removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapour; exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible source of ignition. Measures shall also be adopted to restrict the spread and effects of the explosion by providing in the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents, or other effective appliances. Safety of Building and Machinery In case it appears that any building, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it is dangerous to human life or safety, the manager of the factory may be served an order specifying measures to be adopted as prescribed. Further, in case it appears that the use of any building, machinery or plant in a factory involves imminent danger to human life or safety, an order may be served prohibiting the use of such building or machinery, until it has been repaired or altered.

Precautions in case of fire

i) Every factory shall be provided with such means of escape in case of fire as may be prescribed; ii) In every factory, the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked so that they can not be easily and immediately opened from the inside while any person is within the room, and all such doors, unless they are of sliding type, shall be constructed to open outwards. iii) Every door, window or other exit affording a means to escape in case of fire shall be distinctively marked in a language understood by the majority of the workers. Such marking should be in red letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly understood sign. iv) An effective and clearly audible means of giving warning, in case of fire, to every person shall be provided in the factory. v) A free passageway giving access to each means of escape in case of fire shall be maintained for the use of all workers in the factory. vi) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all workers are familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been adequately trained in the routine to be followed in such a case.

ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

BS EN ISO 14001 ISO 14001 was first published in 1996 and specifies the actual requirements for an environmental management system. It applies to those environmental aspects which the organization has control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. ISO 14001 is often seen as the corner stone standard of the ISO 14000 series. However, it is not only the most well known, but is the only ISO 14000 standard against which it is currently possible to be certified by an external certification authority. Having stated this, it does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria. This standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to:
1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

6.

implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system assure itself of its conformance with its own stated environmental policy (those policy commitments of course must be made) demonstrate conformance ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations seek certification of its environmental management system by an external third party organization make a self-determination of conformance

OHSAS 18000
What is OHSAS 18000?

OHSAS 18001 is an Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series for health and safety management systems. It is intended to help an organizations to control occupational health and safety risks. It was developed in response to widespread demand for a recognized standard against which to be certified and assessed.

(OSHA) Occupational Safety & Health Administration

OSHA is a federal agency, it was created in 1970.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.

According to OSHA, an effective workplace safety and health management system at a small business work site(s) will enable the small business owner to: Recognize and remove hazards from the work site Protect an employers workers from injury and illness Prevent loss of life at an employers work site Cultivate informed and alert employees who take responsibility for their own and their coworkers safety and for workplace safety as a whole Improve employee morale

The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005

The Noise Regulations 2005 require employers to prevent or reduce risks to health and safety from exposure to noise at work. Employees have duties under the Regulations too.

The Regulations require you as an employer to

1.

assess the risks to your employees from noise at work; take action to reduce the noise exposure that produces those risks; provide your employees with hearing protection if you cannot reduce the noise exposure enough by using other methods; make sure the legal limits on noise exposure are not exceeded; carry out health surveillance where there is a risk to health.

2.

3.

4.

5.

provide your employees with information, instruction and training

6.

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