BOJONEGORO

Bojonegoro Regency has 230.706 Ha widths, with the number of inhabitant is 1.176.386, and is part of East Java province. Its location is about 110 km from East Java province and state in 659' 737' latitudes and 11209' longitudes. Bojonegoro regency has many tourist attractions such as, nature tour, artificial tour, cultural tour, pilgrimage tour. One of Bojonegoro tourist attractions that become the mainstay is Kayangan Api, this tourism object is the biggest eternal fire in Asia and estimated the biggest in the world.

Geographically

Bojonegoro is located in the inland part of northern Java plain, in the banks of Bengawan Solo River (the largest river in Java). As with most of Java, Bojonegoro landscape is dominated with rice paddy fields. In Bojonegoro area, Bengawan Solo River changes its course from northward to eastward. Seasonal conditions are often very contrasting. In the rainy season, rain will fall almost daily while in dry season; the rain will not come for months, causing widespread drought and water shortages.

Bojonegoro is bordered by: North side: Tuban regency East side: Lamongan regency South side: Madiun, Nganjuk and Jombang regency West side: Ngawi and Blora (Central Java) Whereas, Bojonegoro regency is has a lot of interesting tourism objects, which usually visited by many people in the holiday. This area is support with its good geographical and good mountainous area, so that Bojonegoro becomes one of tourism area supplier I East Java province.

Geology Tourism of Mine

One of the unique Bojonegoro tourism objects is the geology tourism of oil mine. This geology tourism is interesting tourism and uniquely because this mine is done by human resource and there is also using truck machine to carry away the raw oil (Lantung) from the earth. The location is sbout 50 km of west side of Bojonegoro city, precisely, in teak forest area, Wonocolo village, Kedewan district. IT can reach by two and four wheel vehicle. This oil well is the oil wells of Dutchs omission.

THE HISTORY OF BOJONEGORO

Indonesian history was marked by the strong influence of Hindu culture that came from India since the first century, which is distinguished the history life of Indonesia in the Middle-level time and the modern time. Whereas, Bojonegoro still in Majapahit authority territory, until in XVI century when Majapahit kingdom had collapse, the authority moved to Demak, Central Java. Bojonegoro became Demak royal territory, so that Bojonegoro history that had Hindu characteristics. The fact that took from the discoveries of many legacy objects of the history in the law territory of Bojonegoro Regency began to be formed. The slogan that was buried in the community's tradition from Majapahit period "sepi ing pamrih, rame ing gawe" is continues to be owned to now. Bojonegoro as Demak royal territory had high loyalty to the king and the kingdom. Afterwards when the new power expansion that is Islam, the influence of Hindu culture was urged and happened the shift value and the community's order from the old Hindu value to the new Islam value without unrest. Raden Patah, Senopati Jumbun, dipati Bintoro, was declared as the king I in the early of XVI century and since then Bojonegoro become Demak sovereignty territory. In the authority transition that was accompanied by the upheaval, brought Bojonegoro to Pajang Kingdom royal territory with the king Raden Jaka Tinggkir Adipati of Pajang during 1568. Prince Benawa, Sultan Pajang son, Adiwijaya felt not able to oppose Senopati that seized Pajang Kingdom authority in 1587. Then Senopati shifted all the objects of the palace heirloom of Pajang to Mataram, so then Bojonegoro again shifted into Mataram royal territory. Mataram area that was handed over by Sunan Amangkurat to VOC was based on an agreement, was the north coast of the Javanese Island, so it damage Mataram. The agreement in 1677 was the defeat of difficult politics for Mataram against VOC. Because of that, the status of kadipaten then was changed into the regency with the district chief the Regent Mancanegara Wetan, Mas Toemapel who also double as the Regent I that was located in Jipang on October 20 1677. Then the date, the month and this year were determined as the anniversary of Bojonegoro regency. During 1725 Susuhunan Pakubuwono II got the throne. The same year, Susuhunan ordered to Raden Tumenggung Haria Mentahun I to moves the centre of Jipang regency government from Padangan to Rajekwesi Village. Rajekwesi location is about 10 Km in south of Bojonegoro city. As the memory in the success of the ancestors that left the fragrant name for Bojonegoro, it is not surprise if Rajekwesi name is still continues to be recalled in the heart of Bojonegoro people up to now.

The Bengawan Solo River has its source at the volcano of Mount Lawu, in the border of Central Java and East Java. It passes through the major city of Surakarta (called Solo by the local inhabitants). An important early tributary to the Solo river is Dengkeng river, which has its source in Mount Merapi.[3] After passing through Solo, the river flows northward around Mount Lawu, and then turn eastward into East Java in the Ngawi regency. After Ngawi the river turned northward again, forming the boundary between Blora regency of Central Java and Bojonegoro regency of East Java. From town of Cepu in Blora, the river turned eastward and passed through Bojonegoro regency's capital city. From there, it continues eastward through Lamongan and Gresik regency. The last part of the river's basin (roughly starting from Bojonegoro regency) is mostly flat land.[4] Bengawan Solo delta is located near the town of Sedayu in Gresik regency. The present delta is redirected by human made canal.[4] The original delta flowed into Madura Strait,[4] but in 1890 a 12-km canal was made by Dutch East Indies authority to redirect the Solo river into Java Sea.[4][5] This is to prevent sedimentation of mud from filling Madura Strait and preventing sea access of important port city of Surabaya.[4] The Solo river delta has a huge mud sedimentation flow that deposited 17 million tonne of mud per year. This sedimentation in the delta form a cape, which has average longitudinal growth of 70 m per year.[5] This delta is known as Ujung Pangkah (Pangkah Cape).

History
Vessels on Solo river during colonial period. Solo river was part of massive river system that once existed in Sundaland. This drainage of the river system consisted of major river in present-day Sumatra and Borneo, such as Asahan river, Musi river and Kapuas river. The river system disappeared when Sundaland was submerged after sea level rise following the last Ice Age less than 10.000 years ago.[6] The river played important part in Javanese history. Its drainage basin is an important agricultural area, dominated by rice farming. The river transported fertile volcanic soil downstream, replenishing the soil. It also provided link between Javanese port cities in the northern coast and the rice-growing hinterlands, with shallow vessels transporting rice to he ports to be sold.[7] This rice is Java's main commodity that was traded as part of the Spice trade. Following acquisition of much of Java by the Dutch colonial governmental, various cash crops was introduced to be planted across the river basin, such as coffee, sugar and cotton. (see Cultivation System). By the last years of 19th century, river sedimentation in its original delta in Madura Strait started to disrupt vessels traffic in port of Surabaya. The Dutch colonial government decided to divert the river flow away from the shipping lane into Java Sea. They built a canal in the river's delta in 1890s which still alter the river until this day.[8] In 1891, Dutch paleoanthropologist Eugne Dubois discovered remains of what he described as "a species in between humans and apes". He called his finds Pithecanthropus erectus ("ape-human that stands upright") or Java Man. Today, they are classified as Homo erectus ("human that stands upright").[9] These were the first specimens of early hominid remains to be found outside of Africa or Europe.