GATE -1994

ME: Mechanical Engineering

1. Choose the correct answer and indicate by writing only the corresponding case may be. ' sin x] is [L ml-x---)ooo X (a)
00

capital letter (A, B, C, D) as the

Ans.

(d)

" Sin X 0 L lm--=

X->OO

sin x is bounded, - I ~ x ~ I for all values of x. Numerator is finite and Denominator is infinite Therefore ratio is zero.
1.2. The value of [Lim (-/:- -t 1 )] is x->oo Slnx anx (a) 0

Ans. None
Lim(_1
x->oo

sinx

__ I )

tan X

Lim(I-.COSX)
x->oo

Slnx

2sm Lim
x->oo

. 2 X

2 2

2 sin ~ .cos ~
1

Limtan (~)
x->oo

This limit does not exist as tan

"2 does not approach any value as

= (b a) f (~for

x~

OCJ

1.3. The value of ~ in the mean value theorem of f(b) ~ f(a) f(x) = Axl

+ Bx + C in (a, b) is
(c) (b+a) 2 (d) (b-a) 2

f(x) f'(x) and f(b)-f(a)

= = =

Ax2 + Bx + C 2Ax + B f' (s), (ab2 +Bb+C)-(Aa2 b-a A(b2+a2)+B(b-a) +Ba+C)

b-a
2A

S+B

= ----------

b-a

b+a
2 ~ 1.4. For the differential equation
(a) eSt
ADS. (b)

d ;

+ 5y

= 0 with y(O)

= 1, the

general solution is

dy +5y dt dy Y

=0

= - 5dt

Integrating we get, log. Y = c - 5t when t = 0, y = I log/ =c - 5 x 0 or log. y

=-

c=0

5t

Y =e-51 1.5. The process

(a) curtain rods made (b) steel pipes/or

0/ hot extrusion is used to produce 0/ aluminium

domestic water supply

(c) stainless steel tubes used in furniture. (d) large she pipes used in city water mains ADs. (0), (c) 1.6. In deep drawing

0/ sheets, the values 0/ limiting draw ratio depends on (a) percentage elongation 0/ sheet metal (b) yield strength 0/ sheet metal (c) type 0/ press used (d) thickness 0/ sheet

ADS.

(d)

Explanation.

The limit of deformation is reached when the load required to deform the flange becomes greater than the load-carrying capacity of the cup wall. Load carrying capacity of the wall
= 7t

Dt x

t;.

Hence limiting draw depends on the thickness of the sheet. 1. 7. The electrodes used in arc welding are coated. This coating is not expected to

(a)provide protective atmosphere to weld (b) stabilize the are (c) add alloying elements (d)prevents electrodefrom contamination, Ans.
(d)

1.8 Streamlines, path lines and streaklines are virtually identicalfor // (a) Uniformflow (b) Flow of idealfluids (c) Steadyflow (d) Non uniform flow Ans. (c)

1.9 In aflow field, the streamlines and equipotentiallines

./10) are Parallel (b) cut at any angle Ans.
(c)

(c) are orthogonal everywhere in the flow field (d) cut orthogonally except at the stagnation points

1: 1O. l'or afluid element in a two dimensional flow field (x- y plane), if it will undergo (a) translation only (b) translation and rotation (c) translation and deformation (d) deformation only Ans.
(b)

1.11. Net force on a control volume due to uniform normal pressure alone .(a) depends upon the shape of the control volume. (b) translation and rotation (c) translation and deformation (d) deformation only
Ans. (c)

1.U. Existence of velocity potential implies that

/ (a) Fluid is in continuum (c) Fluid is ideal
Ans. (b)

(b) Fluid is i"otational (d) Fluid is compressible

1.13. frandtl's mixing length in turbulentflow signifies (a) the average distance perpendicular to the mean flow covered by the mixing particles. (b) the ratio of mean free path to characterimc length of the flow field.

(c) the wavelength (d) the magnitude

corre,"ponding to the lowest frequency of turbulent kinetic energy.

present in the flow field.

Ans.

(a)

1 (a) -- th the difference 100 1 (b) 273.15

between normal boiling point and normal freezing

point of water.

th the normal freezing point of water.

(c) 100 times the difference between the triple point of water and the normal freezing point of water. 1 ((/) --273.16 th of the triple point of water.

1.15. A gas turbine cycle with infinitely

large number of stages during compression (b) Atkinson cycle (d) Brayton cycle

and expansion

leads

to
(a) Stirling cycle (c) Ericsson cycle

Ans.

(c)

Explanation. Brayton cycle with many stages of intercooling and reheating approximates to Ericsson cycle.
S~

1.16. Two insulating

materials of thermal conductivity K and 2K are available for lagging a pipe carrying a hot fluid. If the radial thickness of each material is the same. (a) material with higher thermal conductivity thermal conductivity for the outer. (b) material with lower thermal conductivity thermal conductivity for the outer. (c) it is immaterial should be usl!d for the inner layer and one with lower should be usedfor the inner layer and one with higher materials are used. are given.

in which sequence the insulating

(d) it is not possible to judge unless numerical

values of dimensions

Ans.

(b)

1.17. The practice to use steam on the shell side and cooling w(lter on the tube side in condensers

of steam

power plant is because (a) to increase overall heat transfer coefficient the tube side. (b) condenser water side velocity can be increased if water is on steam.

can act as a storage unit for condensed

(c) rate of condensation (d) it is easier to maintain

of steam is invariably smaller than the mass flow rate of cooling water. vacuum on the shell side than on the tube side.

Ans. (a)J" Explanation. Spccific volume of steam is large. More volume is required for steam: Henee shell side is used for stcam and water is circulated through the tube in condenser." occurs for

1.18. For a given set of operating pressure limits of a Rankine cycle, the highest,efjiciency (a) Saturated cycle
(c) Reheat cycle Ans. (d)

(b) (d)

Superheated cycle Regenerative cycle.

EXI)lanation.

Efficiency of ideal regenerative cycle is exactly equal to that of the corresponding co mot cycle. Hence it is maximum.

1.19. For a single stage impulse turbine with a rotor diameter of 2 m and a . peed of 3000 rpm when the nozzle angle i. 0, the optimum velocity of steam in m/.is 20 (a) 33.1 Ans.
(c)

(b) 356 v 2'

(c) 668

(d) 711

EXI)lanation.

For optimum condition, where

u u v

= = =

blade speed, and jet velocity in the direction of blade.

1t DN u=-60

1tx2x3000_314.2m/s 60 2u

V cos 200 Jet velocity

= =

314.2

628.4

628.4 cos 20

= 668

m/sec,

1.20. A stone of mas . at the end of a string of length I is whirled in a vertical circle at a constant speed. m The ten . in the string will be m(u:imum when the stone is ion (a) at the top of the circle
() quarter-wa .down from the top. Ans. (d)

(b) half-way down from the top (d) at the bottom of the circle

1.21. A . hell is fired from a cannon with a speed v at an angle (}with the horiZl!.ntal direction. At the highest point in its path it explodes into two pieces of equal mass. One of the pieces retraces its path to the cannon. The . peed of other piece immediately after explosion' is' ", " .... (a) 3v cos () Ans. (a) Explanation. (b) 2v co." () (c) %vco."O . (d) JtvCOS()

At the highest point only horizontal velocity exists. 8

vcost

Y~I~--
A _

-==-.~~
vco-t

Momentum at 'B' before explosion

= mv cos

e.

After explosion half the mass traces back the path and hits the canon. Hence its velocity should be same as v cos :.

e but

in opposite direction.
(-vcosB) + ; xV

Momentum after explosion = (;

where 'V' = velocity of the second piece. Equating momentum before impact and after impact, we get mv cos

2 V=Jvcose

= -(-vcosB)+-x

m
2

1.22. Fig. 1.22 shows a rigid bar hinged at A and supported in a horizontal by two vertical identical steel wires. Neglect the weight of the beam. The tension T] and T] induced in these wires by a vertical load P applied as shown arc P (a) T1 =T2 =-

(b) ~ T

= T2 = P
'TPal 2-(a2+b2)

(c)

Pbl 1=(a2+b2J'

Ans. (b) Explanation. Taking moment about A, T2b

+ T .a
0

= p.l
=

Since deflection,

TL AE'

~ b Thus T.b2

= ~ and .~

T2
b

=T
a

T .b = Tra

From equation (i) we have,

+ T. ab

= pbl

T.ab - Tz aZ = 0 I

I--a~
~'----b --~

1.23. For the case of a slender column of length I andflexural the top, the Euler's critical buckling load is

rigidity EI builtin at its base and free at

1.24. A mass m attached to a light spring oscillates with a period of 2 sec. If the mass is increased by 2 kg, the period increases by 1sec. The value of m i. (a) 1 kg Ans. (b) Explanation. Period of oscillation seconds = 4 99 . 1 . eyc e
1

(b) 1.6 kg

(c) 2 kg

(d) 2.4 kg

J8

J8
Hence Now

=2

J8
4
9
and

=3

4.99

4.99
= -

~
82
mgk

= ~\

(m + 2) gk = 82

where k is the stiffness of the spring .

'0

981 = 482

or
00

9 mgk = 4 (m + 2) gk m = 1.6 kg

1.25. Two shafts A and B are made of the same materiaL The diameter of shaft B is twice that of shaft A. The ratio of power which can be transmitted by shaft A to that of shaft B is

~2
Ans. (c)

~4
Power,
o.

~8
21rNT 4500

~16

Explanation.

HP Power
ex:

T
fs R Jfs R
=_1t_od3

Now,

J T =

of
s

160r

or
Hence

ex:

d3

P ex: d3

PA
PB

(dA)3
(dB)3

(dA)
(3 dA)3

= -

2. Each blank (..... ) is to be sllitably filled in. In the answer book write the question number and the answer on(v. Do not copy the question. Also no explanations for the answers are to be given. (20X] = 20) 2.1. If Ht) is a finite and cOlrtinuous fundion
00

for t, the Laplace tramiformation

is given by

F =

f
o

e-st f(t)

dt.

00

2.2. The value of

y2 e-

yJ

dx is

Ans.

-21V3 (;3
00

f yl/2

e-3y

dy

272=72
s
L
=

r(~)

~J;

J%
feed and . for a neutral flames lI.'ied in gas welding.

2.3. To get good slirface finish on a tllrned job, one should IIse a sharp tool with a speed of rotation of the job.

Ans. minimum, maximum

2.4. The ratio of ace~vlene to oxygen is approximately

Ans. 1:1
2.5. Generally cylindrical parts produced by powder metallurgy section and a length to diameter ratio exceeding . should not have non IIniform cross-

Ans. 2.5
2.6. Bodie .in flotation to be in stable equilibrium, . centre of gravity is located below the . the necessary and sufficient condition is that the

Ans. metacentre
2.7. Circulation is defined as line integral of tangential component ofveloeity about a .

'Ans. closed contour in a fluid flow.

2.8. For afully developedflow

through a pipe, the ratio of the maximum

velocity to the average velocity

is..... Ans. two

2.9. Fluid is flowing with an average velocity of V through a pipe of diameter d. Over a length of L, the laminar flow in terms of Reynolds number

"head" loss is given by JLV] . Thefrictionfactor,f,for 2D (Re) is..... 64

ADS.

Re group

2.10. The ratio of inertia forces to gravity forces may be expressed as square of non dimensional known as..... Ans. Froude Number 2.11. In terms of speed of rotation of the impeller (N), discharge through the machine, the specific speedfor a pump is .

(Q) and change in total head (.Ml)

NJQ
ADS.

H3/4

2.12. The slopes of constant volume and constant pressure lines in the T- s diagram are respectively.
ADS.

and

Higher, Lower

2.13. A 1500 Welectrical heater is used to heat 20 kg of water (Cp = 4186 J/kg K) in an insulated bucket, from a temperature of 30C to BOe. If the heater temperature is only infinitesimally larger than the water temperature during the process, the change in entropy for heater is J/k andfor water ............. JIK. ADS. - 11858 11K, 12787 11K. 2.14. The shape factors with themselves of two infinite(v long black body concentric (liameter ratio of 3 are for the inner and for the outer. An:;. L 1/9 2.15. A block of mass 5 kg is thrust up a 30 inclined plane with an initial velocity of 4m/sec. It travels a distance of 1.0 m before it comes to rest. The force of friction actif'g on it would be .
ADS.

cylinder .with a

15.5 N

2.16. A solid cylinder of mass m and radius r starts rolling from rest along an inclined plane. If it rolls without slipping from a vertical height h, the velocity of its centre of mas.<:when it reaches the bottom is.....
ADS.

!:J2gh
3 shear stress developed in beam of rectangular section to that of the average

2.17. The ratio of maximum shear stress is .

ADS.

1.5

2.18. For a self-locking screw, the efficiency of the screw must be Ans. less than 50%

. . and

2.19. In spur gears having involute teeth, the product of circular pitch and diametral pitch is Ans. 1t 2.20. For a disk of moment of inertia I the spin and precession angular velocities are respectively. The magnitude of gyroscopic couple is . Ans. !ffi . ffip
I.
(J)

(J) p

State TRUE or FALSE without copying the questions. Give reason(s) for your answer

3.1. JJ=puiidA=JJJ~(pu)dV
A

where P is a scalar, is a vector, A is surface area, ii is unit normal vector to the suiface and V is the volume. Ans. False Explanation. True statement is the Green's theorem A E ds = JJ J ~F.dV v ii in the question should be omitted. 3.2. If H (x, y) is a homogeneousfunction of degree n, then x 0 N + y 0 N = nH.

Ans. True Explanation. By Euler's theorem on homogeneous function

ox

oy

3.3. Rank of the matrix [ ~ ;

-7

:] is 3.

0 -4

Ans. False

A=[~ ~ ~]
-7 0 -4

IAI

= [~:

~]

-7

0 -4 - 28)

= [~-~ -7

~] 4-4

= 2 (28
r (A) < 3

=0

[: ~]* 0
Rank
=

MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

3.4. The following is a correct FORTRAN 77 statement

II (DABS X-XI)/XD-O.4 D-O.5), 10, 10, 15

Ans. False Explanation. Correct statement is

IF (DABS X-XI)/XI) - 0.4 D - 0.5) 10, 10, 15

3.5. Electric discharge machining imposes largerforces on tool than Electrochemical machining. Ans. False Explanation. Only in ECM process, electrolyte is pumped at a higher pressure, through the small gap between the tool and work piece, which induces large force on the tool. 3.6. Electric discharge machining is more efficient process than Electrochemical machining for producing large non-circular holes. Ans. True Explanation. In EDM process, tool material need not be harder than work material. Hence the tool material can easily be shaped even if it is larger in size. Normally the tool should reproduce the contour of the specimen (non circular hole) required. Orbital control facility also can be connected to EDM where the X, Y, Z controls are carried out as per given 3D command. 3.7. Ultrasonic machining is about the best processfor making holes in glass which are comparable in size with the thickness of the sheet. Ans. True Explanation. For ultrasonic machining the job need not be a conductor of electricity. It can be used for drilling precise holes and intricate shaped machining on ceramic, glass, quartz carbide, etc. 3.8. CNC machines are more accurate than conventional machines because they have a high resolution encoder and digital read-outs for positioning. Ans. True Explanation. Conventional mechanical systems have their own limitation due to backlash of screws marking and reading inaccuracies etc. High resolution encoders and digital read-outs can be used for positioning of the order of micro millimetre also. 3.9. CNC machines are more economical to use even for simple turning jobs. ADs. False Explanation. It is more economical only when it is mass produced as the machine overheads are very high for CNC machines. 3,10. The continuity equation in the form ,1. V = 0 always represents an incompressible flow regardless of whether the flow is steady or unsteady. Ans. False Explanation. AV = 0 indicates that there is no velocity change with respect to time. It is true only for incompressible steady flow process.
. 3.11. Bernoulli's equation can be applied b~een . field. \

any two points on a streamline for a rotational flow

ADs. True

Explanation. Bernoulli's equation of the form - + - + gz = C is applicable to all points along the 2 P same streamline even if the flow is rotational. For irrotational flow, its application in the normal direction (that is points on different stream lines) will yield the same constant.
3.12. In a venturi meter, the angle of the diverging section is more than that of converging section.

Ans. False Explanation. The angle of diverging section is kept small to reduce the possibility of flow separation. Due to this the angle of converging section is more as compared to its diverging section.
3.13. As the transition from laminar to turbulentjlow value of the drag coefficient drops. is induced a crossjlow past a circular cylinder, the

Ans. True Explanation. Flow in a turbulent boundary layer can penetrate an adverse pressure gradient farther than can a laminar boundary layer, before separation is likely to take place. Hence when transition occurs in the boundary layer of the cylinder, the point of separation is suddenly set back to a position farther on the downstream surface of the cylinder, with the result the drag coefficient decreases appreciably.
3.14. The necessary and sufficient condition which brings about separation of boundary layer is dp > O. dx

Ans. False Explanation. For separation to occur, two conditions are to required to be fullfilled.
(I) There should be an adverse pressure gradient, i.e. :~ > 0, and (il) Mechanisms such as friction to reduce the kinetic energy of the fluid stream should

exist in the flow.

3.15. When the jluid velocity is doubled, the thermal time constant of a thermometer the jluid temperature reduces by a factor of 2. used for measuring

Ans. False Explanation. Time constant by, where

v.P.C Ah '

V = Volume (m3), p = density (kg/m3), C = specific heat kJ/kgK, A = Area (m2), h = surface film conductance WMK. When the velocity is doubled, h increases, thus 't, the time constant decreases. But it is not halved as the increase of 'h' is not two times due to the doubling of velocity. (Since

=J

; therefore

reduction of boundary layer thickness '8' is not linearly

connected with variation in velocity).

3.16. For air near atmospheric condition.~flowing over aflat plate, the laminar thermal boundary layer is thicker than the hydrodynamic boundary layer.
Ans. False

Explanation.
Hydrodynamic

boundary layer

Hydrodynamic boundary layer is thicker than thermal bounjary layer. Heating starts at B for thermal boundary layer, whereas hydrodynamic boundary layer starts at A (x
=

0) itself.

3.17. Isentropic compression of saturated vapour of all fluids leads to superheated vapour.
Ans. False

Supcuheatad vapour

Saturated
liquid line

Explanation. Compression from A to B, where the specific volume is below the critical level, will
give liquid phase.

3.18. Any thermodynamic cycle operating between two temperature limits is reversible if the product of efficiency when operating as a heat engine and the coefficient of performance when operating as a refrigeration is equal to 1.
Ans. False

'

COP of Refrigerator Product of

'l'JHE

=
':I;

and COP R

TH -TL 1.

-~-

TL

3.19. Two halls of mass m and 2 m are projected with identical velocitie.rom the same point making f angles 30 and 60 with the vertical axis, respectively. The heights attained hy the halls will he identical
Ans. False Explanation. u2 Height attained = -cos2 2g

a, cos2 30':1; cos2 60

3.20. A concentrated load P acts at the middle of a simply supported heam of span 1andflexural ridigity EL Another simply supported heam of identical material, geometry and span is heing acted upon hy an equivalent distrihuted load ( w = ~) spread over the entire span. The central deflections in hoth the heams are identical
Ans. False concentrated load, /) = 48 EI; d b dId lstn ute oa, /)
== 384

we
4

w == P w P =}

5 wl

ffi;

4. Match 4 correct pairs hetween list I and List II for the questions 4.1 through 4.5 4.1. (a) (h) (c) (d) (e) List I Hooke's law St. Venant's law Kepler's laws Tresca's criterion Coulomh's laws Griffith's law
(c)-I,

1.

UJ

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

List II Planetary motion Conservation Energy Elasticity Plasticity Fracture Inertia

Ans. (a)-3, (d)-5,

(e)-2.

4.2. List I gives a numher of processes and List II gives a numher of products List I List II (a) Investment casting 1. Turhine rotors (h) Die casting 2. Turhine hlades (c) Centrifugal casting 3. Connecting rods (d) Drop forging 4. Galvani. d iron pipe e (e) Extrusion 5. Cast iron pipes UJ Shell moulding 6. Carhurettor body
Ans. (a)-2, (c)-5, (b)-6, (d)-3.

4.3. For a perfect gas: List I (a) Isobaric thermal expansion coefficient (b) Isothermal compressibility (c) Isentropic compressibility (d) Joule - Thomson coefficient List II
1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6.
0
00

1/v
1/1'

lip l/yp

ADs.

(a)-4

(b)-5

(c)-6
4.4.

(d)-l

List I (a) Collision of bodies (b) Minimum potential energy (c) Degree of freedom (d) Prony brake (e) Hammer blow
(f) Ellipse trammels

List II
1. Kinetics 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Reciprocating unbalance Dynamics Coefficient of restitution Stability Gravity idler

ADS. (a)-4

(b)-5
(/)-3

(e)-2

4.5.

List I (a) Strain rosette (b) Beams (c) Section modulus (d) Wahl's stress factor (e) Fatigue
(f) Somer field number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(c)-4

List II Critical speed Mohr's circle Coil springs nexural rigidity Endurance limit Core section

ADS. (a)-2

(d)-3

(e)-5
2

5 (a). Solve for y,

if d Y +2 dy + y
dt2 dt

= 0; with y(O)

= 1 and yw

(0)

=-

(b) Find out eigen values of the matrix A = [~ ~ ~] 024

D= -

dt m2

or
..

+ 2m + 1 (m + 1)2

roots are,- 1 and - 1 (repeated roots) y = e-1 (A + Bt)

Solution of the auxiliary equation is, where A and B are constants. dy dt = e-\B)-e-1(A+Bt)

when t = 0, Y = 1 when t = 0, dy =-2 dt

..
and or

1 A= - 2 = B - (A + 0) B= - 1 Solution is y = e-1 (1-t)

..

(It)

IA-AII= 0= 1.=

or or Take A = 1. to find the eigen vector

(1 - A) (1.2 - 7A + to) 1,2,5

n
1[~]

3-A
2

4~J

AX = AX

0
or

[~

3
2

!W] =
y =

or

2x + 3y + z = y and

2y + 4z ::: z and x=z

..
..

-3z 2

(~) =

(-3H
-3:/2)'
where z is a parameter

Hence the corresponding eigen vector is (