GATE -1997

ME: Mechanical Engineering

Read the following instructions

carefully

1. Write all the answers in the answer boom. 2. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS: A and B. 3. Section A has Eight questions. Answer ALL questions in this section. 4. Section B has Twenty questions. Anwer any TEN questions from this section. Ifmore number of questions are attempted, strike off the answers not to be evaluated; else only the first Ten unscored answers will be considered. 5. Answers to Seeton B should start on a fresh page and should not be mixed with answers to Section A. 6. Answers to questions and answers to parts of a question should appear together and should not be separated. 7. In all questions of 5 marks, write clearly the important steps in your answer. These steps carry partical credit. 8. There will be no negative marking.

I
Answer All Questions

SECTION

I
multiple choice

1. Write in your answer book, the correct or the most appropriate answer to the following questions by writing the letter A, B, Cor D against each question number.

1.1 Ify

Ix Ifor

x < 0 andy =xfor

=

x ::?O,then 0 (B) Y is discontinous at x

=

(A) dy is discontinuous at x

dx

0
=

(C) y is not defiend at x Ans. (A) Explanation.

(D) Both y and dy are discontinuous at x dx

. Iscontmuous at x -dy IS d"

dx

. mlteSertes, 1+-+-+-+ 1 . 1 1 12 T'h esumoJ.1" th em rfl' 6' 234

(A)
1t

. ... IS
(B) infinity
2

(C)4

(D) ~
4

1.3 For thefollowing set ofsimulataneous equations:

1.5x-0.Sy 2 4x+2y +3z = 9 7x+y+5z = 10

(A) the solution is unique (C) the equations are incompatible Ans. (C) 1.4 The order of error is the Simpson's rulefor numerical integration with a step size h is (B) infinitely many solutions exist (D) finite number of multiple solutions exist.

Wh
(C) h3
AilS.

OOW
(D) h4 (B)

1.5 The temperature field in a body varies according to the equation T(x, y) = r fastest variation in temperature at the point (1, 0) is given by (A)

+ 4xy. The direction of

31 +8J

(B)

(C) 0.61+0.8J Ans. (C) Explanation. Given

(D) Oj1 +0.866].

aT
Ox

(:)(\,0)
OT Oy

(:t,o)
(A) which appears gray to the eye (C) which has reflectivity equal to zero Ans. (B)

= 4

1.6 In radiative heat transfer, a gray surface is one (B) whose emissivity is independant of wavelength (D) which appears equally bright from all directions.

1. 7 The specific speed of a centrifugal comperssor is grenerally (A) higher than that of an axial comperssor (B) less than that of a reciprocating compressor

(C) independant of the type of compressor,but depends only on the size of the compressor (0) more than the specific speed of the reciprocating compressor but less that of the axial compressor

1.8 Which among the following (A) Blow off cock (C) Economiser ADS. (A)

is the boiler mounting? (B) Feed pump (0) Superheater

1.9 For an ideal gas the expression

[T (:;

) p - T (:; C
_P

) v] is always equal to

(B) (C) R Ans. (C) We know,

Cv

(;l

.s.
T

T(;)-T(;)v
1.10 A system undergoes a state change from I to 2. According the second law of thermodynamics process to be feasible, the entropy change, S2 - S/ of the system (A) is positive or zero (C) is zero ADS. (0)

for the

(B) is negative or zero (0) can be positive, negative or zero

1. 11) Kaplan turbine is

!

(A) a high head mixed flow turbine (c), an outward flow reaction turbine
ADS. (B)

(B) a low axial flow turbine (0) an impulse inward flQWturbine

1.12 The alloying element mainly used to improve the endurance strength of steel materials is (A) Nickel (B) Vanadium (C) Molybdenum ADS. (B) (0) Tungston
I

1.13 On completion of heat treatment, the resulting structure will have retained Austenite if (A) rate of cooling is greater than the critical cooling rate (B) rate of cooling is less than the critical cooling rate (C) martensite formation starting temperature is above the room temperature (0) martensite formation finish temperature is below the room temperature
ADS.

(0)

(A) ---

1t

2 2
r

(B) --r 2 (0) 1t- r

1t

(C) 1t'2 Where r is the friction angle Ans. (A)

1.15 To restore stable operating condition in a hydrodynamic magnitude loads, (A) oil viscosity is to be decreased (C) oil viscosity index is to be increased Ans. (B) 1.16 Total slip will Occur in a belt drive when (A) angle of rest is zero (B) angle of creep is zero (C) angle of rest is greater than angle of creep (D) angle of creep is greater than angle of rest Ans. (A)

journal bearing, when it encounters

higher

(B) oil viscosity is to be increased (0) oil viscosity index is to be decreased

1.17 To make a worm drive reversible, it is necessary to increase (A) centre. distance (C) number of starts Ans. (C) 1.18 Helix angle offast helix drill is normally (A) 350 (C) 90
0

(B) wonn diameter factor (0) reduction ratio

(B) 600 (0) 50

Ans. (D) 1.19 In a point to point control NC machine, the slides are positioned by an integrally mounted stepper motor drive. If the specijicaiton of the motor is la/pulse, and the pitch of the lead screw is 3.6 mm, what is the expected positioning accuracy? (A) Iflm Ans. (B) Explanation: .. 3600 corresponds to 3.6 mm or I mm 100 (B) 10flm (C) 50 flm (0) 100flm

36 10 corresponds to mm 360

I I 10 corresponds to x -3 m 100 10 10 corresponds to ~ x 106 flm 10 10 corresponds to 10.flm

1.20 Selection electrolyte for ECM is as follows: (A) non-passivating electrolyte for stock removal and passivating electrolyte for finish control (B) passivating electrolyte for stock removal and non-passivating (C) selection of electrolyte is dependent on current density (0) electrolyte selection is based on tool- work electrodes Ans. (A) 1.21 Inter electrode gap in ECG is controlled by (A) controlling the pressure of electrolyte flow (B) controlling the applied static load (C) controlling the size of diamond particle in the wheel (0) controlling the texture of the work piece Ans. (C) 1.22 The most commoly used criteriafor (A) mean absolute deviation (C) mean standard error ADs. (0) 1.23 Setup costs do not include (A) labour cost of setting up machines (C) maintenance cost of the machines (B) ordering cost of raw material (0) cost of processing the work piece measuring forecast error is (B) mean absolute percentage error (0) mean square error electrolyte for finish control

ADs. (C) or (0) 1.24 A dumy activity is used in PERT network to describe (A) precedence relationship (B) necessary time delay (C) resource restriction (0) resoure idleness

1.25 The cost of providing service in a queueing system increases with (A) increased mean time in the queue (C) decreased mean time in the queue Ans. (C) 2. Write in your answer book the correct or the most appropriate answer to the following questions, by writing the letter, A, B, Cor D against each question number. multiple choice (B) increased arrival rate (0) decreased arrival rate

2.1 A box contains 5 bh:ck balls and 3 red balls. A total of three balls are picked from the box one after another, wit/lOut replacmg them back. The probability of getting two black balls and one red ball is (A) 3/8 (C) 15/28 Ans. (C) Explanation. (B) 2/15 (0) 1/2

Let B refer to black balls and R to red ba!~:;.

Consider the combinations BBR, BRB and RBB. Probability of BBR

= 8"x 7" x 6"= 28

5 4

-x-x-=-

5 28

-x-x-=-

4
6

5
28 5 5 5 28 + 28 + 28 15 28

8 ..

Total probability of getting two black balls and one red ball

2.2 A triangle ABC consists of vertex points A (0, 0) BO, 0) and C(O, 1). The value of the integral J/2x dxdy over the triangle is
(A) I I (C) 8 Ans. (B) Explanation. I (B) 3 I (D) 8 Equation of the straight line joining (I, 0) and (0, 1) is x+y= I

I-x
I-x

J2xdx

Jdy

o
J 2x dx (y)b-X J 2x dx (I-x) J (2x - 2x2) dx The limits of the integral are now between 0 and I

JJ 2x dx dy

J(2x - 2x2) dx

[x

2_2

;31
3

I-~=!
3

-p -I pa 11.6 elm'

(A) 77 \.2 mm Hg (C) 767.35 mm Hg Ans. (A) Explanation. Let P A be the absolute pressure at 'A'

(B) 752.65 mm Hg (0) 748.8 mm Hg

~p_-760mmHI (-8.81 m1r

Pressure at D or or PA + PCD

Palm + PAP + Pn

III ,-IUp}'

170 SO PA+ 760+-+20 13.6 116

PA

771.2 mm Hg

2.4 Tire Reynolds number for flow of a certain fluid in a circular tube is specified as 2500. Wlrat will be tire Reynolds number wilen tire tube diameter is increased by 20% and tirefluid velocity is decreased by 40% keeping fluid tire same? (A) 1200 (C) 3600 Ans. (B) pVL
/.l.

(B) 1800 (0)200

2500

1.2

0.6 = 1800

2.5 In a certain heat exclranger, botlr tirefluids Irave identical mass flow rate-specific Ireat product. Tire Irot fluid enters at 76C and leaves at 470C and tire cold fluid entering at 26C leaves at 55C. Tire effectiveness of tire Ireat exclranger is (A) 0.16 (C) 0.72 Ans. (B) Explanation. Effectiveness of the heat exchanger Heat transferred Maximum possible heat transfer ms(55-26) ms(76-26) 0.58 2.6 Tirefollowing Nozzle angle data pertain to a single stage impulse steam turbine: (B) 0.58 (0) 1.0

= 20,

Blade velocity

= 200

m/s

Relative steam velocity at entry = 350 m/s Blade inlet If blade friction is neglected, tire work done per kg steam is (A) 124 kJ (C) 169 kJ Ans. (A) (B) 164 kJ (0) 174 kJ

= 30

Blade exit angle = 250.

20 30 350 cos 30 = 303 m/s 303 + Vb 303 + 200 = 503 m/s 200 + Vwo = 0.9063 350 118 m/s (Vwi + Vwo)Vb kJ 1000 (503+ 118) 200 1000 124 kJ

2.7 Consider an actual regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feed water heater. For each kg steam entering the turbine, Ifm kg steam with a specific enthalpy ofh lis bledfrom the turbine, and the specific enthalpy of liquid water entering the heater Is h 2' then h J specific enthaply of saturated liquid leaving the heater Is equal to
(A) mhl - (h2 - h) (C) h2 - m (h2 - hi) Ans. (C) (B) hi - m (h2 - hi) (0) mh2 - (h2 - hi)

2.8 Consider a two stage reciprocating air compressor with a petfect intercooler operating at the best intermediate pressure. Air enters the low pressure cylinder at 1bar, 27C and leaves the high pressure cylinder at 9 bar. Assume the index of compression and expansion in each stage is 1.4, and thatfor air R = 286. 7 J/kg K, the work done per kg air in the high pressure cylinder is
(A) III kJ (C) 37 kJ Ans. (A) Explanation. (B) 222 kJ (0) 74 kJ

P2

,JP;:P;
n

=.,JI;9 = 3 bar
n-I

Work done in either cylinder

-RTI(3 n - 1) n-l 14 - x 286.7 x 300(3 1.4 -1) 0.4 3.5 x 286.7 x 300 (1.37 - 1) III kJ
0.4

2.9 Clearance volume of a reciprocating clJmpressor is 100 ml, and the volume of the cylinder at bottom dead centre is 1.0 litre. rhe clearance ratio of the compressor is
1 ~)~ (C) 9 ADS. (C) ~)~ I

(0) II

Clearance volume Swept volume 100 (1000-100)

:=-

I 9

2.10 A mass of 35 kg is suspendedfrom a weightless bar AC, which is supported by a cable CB and a pin at A as shown in the Fig. The pin reactions at A on the bar AB are (A) Rx = 343.4 N Ry = 755.4 N
(8) Rx = 343.4 N

Ry =0
(C) Rx Ry (D) Rx
=

755.4 N

= 343.4 N

= 755.5

Ry =0
ADs. (D)

125 302 Resolving the forces vertically,

35
x

65.5 9.81 T cos 65.5 830N

f......

or

Resolving the forces horizontally, T sin 65.5

830 x 0.91

T Ry

o
Rx

or

R
x

Rx
755.4 N

2. J 1 A small element at the critical section of a component is in a bi-axial state of stress with the two principal stresses being 360 MPa and 140 MPa. The maximum working stress according to Distortion Energy Theory is

MPa (C) 314 MPa

(A) 220

(B) 110 MPa (D) 330 MPa

Ans. (C)

Explanation. According to distorsion energy theorem (Working stress)2

~(360)2 + (140)2 - (360 314.32 MPa 2.12 The cross head velocity in the slider crank mechanism,for
x

140)

the po!>'itionshown in Figure 2./2 is,

(A) Vc cos (90-a + P) cos (C) Vc cos (90- a -

(B) Vc cos (90-a + P) sec (D) Vc cos (90-a -

P) cos P

P) sec P

where Vc is the linear velocity of the crank pin. Ans. (B) 2.13 The dynamic load capacity of 6306 bearing is 22 kN. The maximum radial load It can sustain to operate at 600 rev/mln,for 2000 hours Is

(A) 4.16 kN (C) 6.2S kN Ans. (D)

(B) 3.60 kN (D) S.29 kN

2000 x 60 x 600 72 72
x

10s revolutions

22

22
=

VL

V72

=5.29kN

2.14 The percentage improvement in power capacity of a flat belt drive, when the wrap angle at the driving pulley is increased from 150 to 210 by an idler arrangement for a friction coefficient of 0.3, is (A) 25.21 (C) 40.17 Ans. (d) 2.15 In a typical metal cUfting operation, using a cutting tool of positive rake y= 10, it was observed that the shear angle was 20. The friction angle is (A) 45 (C) 60 Ans. (C) (B) 30 (D) 40 (B) 33.92 (D) 67.85

------422

friction angle

+----

Rake angle

450 friction angle

2 friction angle 2 friction angle

+..!.Q:.
2

2.16 A cutting tool has a radius of 1.8 mill. Thefeed ratefor a theoretical surface roughness of R. = 51lm is (A) 0.36 mm/rev (C) 0.036 mm/rev Ans. (B) 2.17 Three blocks 81, 82 and 8] are to be inserted in a channel of width S maintaining a minimum gap of (B) 0.187 mm/rev (D) 0.0187 mm/rev

wldtlr T= 0.125 mm, as shown In Figure 2.17. For p= 18. 75 0.08; Q=25.00 and S 72.35 + X, (where all dimensions are In mm), tire tolerance X Is

0.12; R = 28.125 0.1

S
R --..Q --.P

Fig. 2.17

(A) + 0.38 (C) + 0.05 Ans. (D) Explanation. Consider, Given

P + Q + R + T(max)
S

(B) - 0.38 (0) -0.05 18.83 + 25.12 + 28.225 + 0.125 = 72.3 = s 72.35 + X 72.3

72.35 + X

-0.05 X 2.18 In aforecasting model, at the end of period 13, theforecasted valuefor period 14 Is 75. Actual value in tire perids 14 to 16 are constant at 100. If the assumed simple exponential smoothing parameter is 0.5, tlren the MSE at tire end of period 16 is

(A) 820.31 (C) 43.75 Ans. (B) Explanation. Period

Xl

(B) 273.44 (0) 14.58 14 100 75 25 12.5 87.5 625 820.31 = 273.44 3 15 100 87.5 12.5 6.25 93.75 156.25 820.31 16 100 93.75 6.25 3.125 96.875 39.0625

Fl (\ - Fl) a(xl- F,) FI+1

(xl- Fl L(x,-Fl

Mean squared error,

MSE

2.19 A machine is purchasedfor Rs. 32,000, and its assumed life;<: "!O years. The scrap value at the end of Its life is Rs. 8,000. If tire depreciation Is charged by the diminishing balance method, then tire percentage reduction In its value, at the end of the first year is

(A) 6.7% (C) 7.2% Ans. (A) Explanation. Book value after kth year, where Bk P

(B)7.1% (0)7.6% P (Sp)k/n Purchase value

Scrape value life period in years Rs. 32,000; S

= Rs. 8000;

= 20 years

32000 ( 8000 32000 32000 (0.933) Reduction in value % reduction in value

)1/20

1 - 0.9333 = 0.067 6.7% after 350 hours of operation

2.20 A 750 hours life test is performed on ten components. If one componentfails and all others survive the test, then the failure per hour is (A) 0.000141 (C) 0.00141 Ans. (A) Explanation. .. (B) 0.000133 (D) 0.00133 During the test, 10 components are tested for 750 hours. total time, T Total operating time 10 x 750 = 7500 unit hours. 7500 - 350 = 7150 hours. 1 7150
=

0.000141

3. Match 4 correct pairs between List I and List IIfor questions 3.1 to 3.5 below. No credit will be given for partial mate/ling in each question. Write your answers using only the letters A to D and numbers 1 to 6. List I (A) Steam nozzle (B) Compressible flow (C) Surface tension
(0) Heat conduction

List II 1. Mach Number 2. Reaction Turbine 3. Biot Number 4. Nusselt Number 5. Supersaturation 6. Weber Number

List I (A) Liquid to suction heat exchanger (B) Constant volume heat addition (C) Normal shock
(0) Ammonia water

List II 1. Vapur absorption refrigeration 2. Vapour compression refrigeration 3. Diesel cycle 4. Otto cycle 5. Converging nozzle 6. Converging-diverging nozzle.

List I
(A) Surface profilometer (B) Light Section Microscope (C) Microkater (0) Interferometer

List II
I. Calibration 2. Form tester 3. Film thickness measurement 4. Centre line average 5. Comparator 6. Surface lay measurement.

List I
(A) Grinding (B) Honing (C) Superfinishing (0) Burnishing

List II
I. Surface for oil retention 2. Surface for max. load capacity 3. Surface of lim iting friction 4. Surface of matte finish 5. Surface for pressure sealing 6. Surface for interference fit.

Listl
(A) Automibile wheel mounting on axle (B) High speed grinding spindle (C) I.c. Engine connecting rod (0) Leaf spring eye mounting

List II
1. Magneto bearing 2. Angular contact bearing 3. Taper roller bearing 4. Hydrodynamic journal bearing 5. Sintered metal bearing 6. Taflon/Nylon bush.

ADS.

(A) -3, (B) -I, (C) -4, (0)-6

- 4

d2y 4. Solve the initial value problem dx2 Transform Technique.

d2y dy --4-+3y 2 dx dx

dy dx + 3y

0 with Y

=3

dy and dx at x

0 using the Laplace

=0

withy=3; dy

dx
[s2y - sy(O) - y' (0)] -4 [sy - y(O)] + 3y