1.

Section 14, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution states that The State shall protect working women by providing safe and healthful working conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize their full potential in the service of the nation. What best explains this Constitutional provision mean to labor? A. Only working women are protected by the Constitution, them being the weaker sex. B. Both working men and women are protected by the Constitution but only the womens rights are expressly stated. C. The Constitution acknowledges that women can become mothers and this reality does not bar them from succeeding in their chosen profession by giving them opportunities to develop their potentialities. D. The Constitution acknowledges that women like men can be of service to their nation even if they have maternal functions. Answer: C. As stated in Section 14, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution, The State shall protect working women by providing safe and healthful working conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize their full potential in the service of the nation. 2. Juan is a state college graduate with a degree in Chemical Engineering. After passing the boards, he planned to work in XYZ Incorporated, a big company hiring chemical engineers. After a month of working on probation for the company, he learned that only graduates of the A, B and C Universities become regular and permanent employees. That after his six months probationary period, he is going to be let go. Is this legal? A. Yes, it is the discretion of the employer whom to hire. B. No, although discretionary is vested upon the employer, where one graduated is not basis enough for one to be let go. C. Yes, because the State shall promote full protection to labor, most especially the gain of the employers. D. No, because the State shall promote full protection to labor, most especially equality of employment opportunities for all regardless of race, sex, class and education. Answer: D. Section 3, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution: the State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and unorganized, and promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all. 3. The employees of XYZ Bank initially formed a social organization, a badminton club that meet every Friday for recreation and friendly competition. The club later became an avenue for members to air out their concerns about bank policies and regulations. Later on, the club grew in number and its members became bolder in expressing their concerns amongst themselves but not to the point that they will go to management and complain. This troubled the board of the bank that led them to ban all organizations and clubs for their employees. They said that clubs and organizations diminish the efficacy of the employees because they take up time meant for work for leisure. They also said that anyone who joins these kinds of organizations shall be suspended for two months without pay. Does the board have a cause? A. Yes, because it is their company and they are entitled to their own regulations. B. No, it is the right of the employees to form associations and their group, being a social organization is not contrary to law anyways. C. Yes, it is the right of the company to prevent its employees from going out of control that might later ruin the efficiency of their entire system. D. No, because the employees did not abuse their privileges as an organization and they were only airing out their concerns and not really going to management to complain about them.

Answer: B. Section 8, Article III, The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. 4. Juan dela Cruz, the owner of XYZ Company, was regarded by his competitors as idiot for he preferred hiring Filipinos rather than those of other race. He was told that workers of other race are superior and the only reason why he hires Filipinos is because they are cheap. But then, he was commended by the government because of his hiring Filipino Only policy. Why was he commended by the government? A. He was commended because he promotes Filipino labor. B. He was commended because he knows how to be economical by hiring cheap labor. C. He was commended so that his competitors will no longer call him an idiot. D. He was commended so that he will hire more Filipinos. Answer: A. Section 12, Article XII of the 1987 Constitution, Section 12. The State shall promote the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic materials and locally produced goods, and adopt measures that help make them competitive. 5. Juan dela Cruz loves working for XYZ Company. He has his own work-table, his basic needs for his work are provided for; there is a company break room where the workers enjoy hot and cold water; he also lives in the company townhouse with five of his workmates; lastly, with his salary he is able to save enough money to buy his wants and send some to his mother. What basic right/s does Juan dela Cruz are guaranteed by the Constitution with the situation above? A. security of tenure and work under humane conditions B. work under humane conditions and living wage C. living wage and security of tenure D. security of tenure, work under humane conditions and living wage Ans: B. Section 1, Article XIII. The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good. 6. Trabaho, a party-list which is mainly created to ensure the rights of the workers and laborers of the Philippines had been disqualified by the COMELEC for having been part of the Congress for the last three consecutive years. Is there just cause? A. Yes, because one is only entitled a seat in Congress for three consecutive years, then there should be a rest period. B. No, because laborers and workers need their voices be heard in the Congress. C. Yes, because COMELEC has the right to refuse candidates especially those who are nuisance. D. No, because the same rules does not apply for party-list. As long as the representative of said party-list had not served for three consecutive years, Trabaho can still be entitled a seat/s in the Congress should the party-list win. Answer: ____ Section 5(2), Article VI, For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector.

7.

What is the basis of Article 3 of the Labor Code as regards to the basic principles enshrined in the Constitution which aimed at protecting the interest of labor, promoting full employment and equal work opportunities irrespective of sex, race or creed? a. Section 9, Article II of 1973 Constitution b. Section 8, Article II of 1973 Constitution c. Section 9, Article II of 1935 Constitution d. Section 8, Article II of 1935 Constitution

ANSWER: LETTER A. Because substantially, it was based on the provisions of Section 9, Article II of the 1973 Constitution and was adopted by the 1987 Constitution Section 9. The State shall afford protection to labor, promote full employment and equality in employment, ensure equal work opportunities regardless of sex, race, or creed, and regulate the relation between workers and employers. The State shall assure the rights of workers to self-organization, collective bargaining, security of tenure, and just and humane conditions of work. The State may provide for compulsory arbitration. 8. How many are the Constitutional Provisions relating to labor in the Philippines? a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18

ANSWER: LETTER D. There are 18 Constitutional Provisions in the Philippine Constitution; these provisions can be found in the Book of Chan in Labor Code 9. Involuntary Servitude in any form is permitted provided that: a. The party is liable for breach of obligation b. It is a punishment for a crime where the party is liable c. As punishment where the party is duly convicted for a crime of estafa d. Punishment of crime where the party is duly convicted

ANSWER: LETTER D. Basis is Section 18 (2), Article III (Bill of Rights) 1987 Constitution No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

10. Which of the following is not one of the Cardinal Rights of the Worker?
a. b. c. d. To organize and form union To have a speedy trial of his case To receive a living wage To work under humane conditions

ANSWER: LETTER B. Basis is Sec. 3, Labor Art. XIII Social Justice and Human Rights, 1987 Philippine Constitution Section 3. The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and unorganized, and promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all.

11. Which of the following does not belong to the individual rights of a person?
a. b. c. d. To enjoy security of tenure To organize To have access to government information To have due process in his trial

ANSWER: LETTER A. Section 1, 4, 7, 8, 17 and 18, Article III, Bill of Rights, 1987 Philippine Constitution

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. 12. Pedro Shirts is a brand made locally. Is the boycott of the Congress of the use of Pedro Shirts unconstitutional? a. No, because everyone has the right or freedom to choose b. Yes, because the State shall promote preferential use of locally produced goods c. No, because imported shirts are better than locally made Pedro Shirt d. Yes, because the use of the shirts means we are Filipinos ANSWER: LETTER B. Basis Sec. 12, Article XII, National Economy and Patrimony, 1987 Constitution Section 12. The State shall promote the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic materials and locally produced goods, and adopt measures that help make them competitive. 13. Mang Jose, a Filipino fisherman is asking for his rights according to the Constitution as a fisherman in a local community. His right includes: a. The State shall protect the rights of subsistence fishermen, especially of local communities, to the preferential use of communal marine and fishing resources in inland only. b. It shall provide support to such fishermen through inappropriate technology and research and adequate financial production and marketing assistance c. The State shall protect the rights of subsistence fishermen, especially of local communities, to the preferential use of communal marine and fishing resources, both inland and offshore d. It shall provide for the fishworkers an unjust share from their labor in the enjoyment of marine and fishing resources. ANSWER: LETTER C. Basis Section 7 (Agrarian and Natural Resources Reform), Article XIII [Social Justice and Human Rights], 1987 Constitution Section 7. The State shall protect the rights of subsistence fishermen, especially of local communities, to the preferential use of the communal marine and fishing resources, both inland and offshore. It shall provide support to such fishermen through appropriate technology and research, adequate financial, production, and marketing assistance, and other services. The State shall also protect, develop, and conserve such resources. The protection shall extend to offshore fishing grounds of subsistence fishermen against foreign intrusion. Fishworkers shall receive a just share from their labor in the utilization of marine and fishing resources. 14. ANAKBAYAN a newly formed Labor Group aims to become a party-list and wants to have seat in Congress. Does the Constitution allow such move of ANAKBAYAN? a. Yes, the Constitution provides that along with other sectors, labor is entitled to seats allotted to party-list representatives for three consecutive terms after the ratification of the Constitution

b. c. d.

No, the Labor Code is governed by National Labor Relations Commission for private employees and Civil Service Law for government employees, no need for a seat in Congress No, the Constitution provides that along with other sectors, labor is not entitled to seats allotted to party-list representatives for three consecutive terms after the ratification of the Constitution Yes, the Labor Code is governed by National Labor Relations Commission for private employees and Civil Service Law for government employees, those governing bodies are insufficient so a seat in Congress is a must

ANSWER: LETTER A. Basis Section 5, Article VI The Legislative Department (2) The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per centum of the total number of representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector.

15. The State shall regulate the relations between workers and employers by:
a. b. c. d. Recognizing the right of Labor to its just share in the fruits of production Recognizing the right of Labor to its just share in production and the right of enterprises to return on expenses Recognizing the right of enterprises to the return on investment, and to expansion and to growth Recognizing the right of Labor to its just share in the fruits of production and the right of enterprises to return on investment, and to expansion and to growth

ANSWER: LETTER D. Basis Sec. 3, (Labor) Article XIII [Social and Human Rights], 1987 Constitution (4) The State shall regulate the relations between workers and employers, recognizing the right of labor to its just share in the fruits of production and the right of enterprises to reasonable returns to investments, and to expansion and growth. 16. What are the Constitutional provisions that will help the now retired best friends, Lolo Ambo who worked as a postman at Makati Central Post Office and Lolo Eduy who worked as a messenger in a Makati Law Firm. a. The State shall, from time to time, review to upgrade the pensions and other benefits due to retirees of government sectors b. The State shall, from time to time, review to upgrade the pensions and other benefits due to retirees of private sectors c. The State shall, from time to time, review to upgrade the pensions and other benefits due to retirees of both the government and private sectors d. The State shall, from time to time, will not review to upgrade the pensions and other benefits due to retirees of both the government and private sectors ANSWER: LETTER C. Basis Section 8, Article XVI, [General Provisions], 1987 Constitution Section 8. The State shall, from time to time, review to increase the pensions and other benefits due to retirees of both the government and the private sectors. 17. Which of the following statement is always true? a. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies. b. No involuntary in any form shall exist c. The goals of the national economy are a more equitable distribution of opportunities, income, and wealth;

d.

Party-list representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and religious sector.

Answer: C Basis: Section 1, Art. XII NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY., 1987 Constitution Section 1. The goals of the national economy are a more equitable distribution of opportunities, income, and wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the nation for the benefit of the people; and an expanding productivity as the key to raising the quality of life for all, especially the under-privileged. 18. The following are sets of basic rights of workers guaranteed by the Constitution except: a. The right to organize themselves, to conduct collective bargaining or negotiation with management, engage in peaceful activity excluding the right to strike To enjoy security of tenure, the right to organize themselves, to work under humane condition to participate in policy and decision making processes, to receive a living wage, the right to organize themselves to conduct collective bargaining or negotiation with management, to work under humane condition, to participate in policy and decision making processes

b.
c.

d.

Answer: A Basis: Section 3 , Article XIII, Labor, 1987 Constitution (2) It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to self-organization, collective bargaining and negotiations, and peaceful concerted activities, including the right to strike in accordance with law

19. The Constitution recognizes the right of working women by providing the following except:
a. b. c. d. facilities and opportunities that will enhance their welfare safe working conditions healthful working conditions measures prioritizing their employment

Answer: D Basis: Section 14, Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution Section 14. The State shall protect working women by providing safe and healthful working conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize their full potential in the service of the nation. 20. Which of the following statements is/are unconstitutional? a. The State shall promote the preferential use of domestic materials b. The State shall promote the preferential use of Filipino labor c. The State shall promote the preferential use of locally produced goods d. None of the above Answer: D Basis: Section 12, Art. XII, NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY, 1987 Constitution Section 12. The State shall promote the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic materials and locally produced goods, and adopt measures that help make them competitive. 21. The sustained development of a reservoir of national talents shall consist of the following except: a. b. c. d. Filipino scientists Filipino entrepreneurs Filipino managers Filipino farmers

Answer: D Basis: Section 14, Art. XII, NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY, 1987 Constitution Section 14. The sustained development of a reservoir of national talents consisting of Filipino scientists, entrepreneurs, professionals, managers, high-level technical manpower and skilled workers and craftsmen in all fields shall be promoted by the State. The State shall encourage appropriate technology and regulate its transfer for the national benefit. 22. The following is/are the rights of farmers and farm workers except: a. to own directly or collectively the lands they till b. to receive a just share of the fruits thereof c. A and B d. none of the above Answer: C Basis: Sec. 4, Art. XII, NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY, 1987 Constitution Section 4. The Congress shall, as soon as possible, determine, by law, the specific limits of forest lands and national parks, marking clearly their boundaries on the ground. Thereafter, such forest lands and national parks shall be conserved and may not be increased nor diminished, except by law. The Congress shall provide for such period as it may determine, measures to prohibit logging in endangered forests and watershed areas. 23. Which of the following rights is/are recognized by the Constitution? a. the right of farmers b. the right farmworkers c. the right of landowners d. all of the above Answer: D Basis: Section 5, Art. XII, NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY, 1987 Constitution Section 5. The State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being.

24. The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of the following measures except:
a. protection and enhancement of the right of all the people to human dignity b. reduction of social, economic and political inequalities c. removal of cultural inequities d. None of the above Answer: D Basis: Section 1, Art. XIII, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS, 1987 Constitution Section 1. The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.

25. The following are supports provided by the Constitution to subsistence fishermen, especially
those in local communities except: a. appropriate technology and research b. adequate financial assistance c. production and marketing assistance d. fishing equipment and materials Answer: D Basis: Section 7, Art. XIII, AGRARIAN AND NATURAL RESOURCES REFORM, 1987 Constitution Section 7. The State shall protect the rights of subsistence fishermen, especially of local communities, to the preferential use of the communal marine and fishing resources, both inland and offshore. It shall provide support to such fishermen through appropriate technology and research, adequate financial,

production, and marketing assistance, and other services. The State shall also protect, develop, and conserve such resources. The protection shall extend to offshore fishing grounds of subsistence fishermen against foreign intrusion. Fishworkers shall receive a just share from their labor in the utilization of marine and fishing resources. Prepared By: Reyes, Lia Atanasia Cas, Jose Mari Fegi, Walter Guevarra, Jyrna Rhea Decilos, Ian