Computer An electronic system that can be instructed to accept, process store and present data and information.

PARTS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE SOFTWARE HARDWARE The machine is known as hardware or the hardware is the physicall part of computer cause processing it can be seen and touch. Types of hardware: Input devices Output devices. INPUT DEVICES devices that are used to enter data and instructions in to the computer are called input devices TYPES: Keyboard Mouse Trackpad Joy stick Light pen Scanner KEYBOARD: the most common input device is keyboard, it is used to feed data and instructions into the computer. The most popular keyboard layouts are QWERTY & Dvorak. KEYS OF KEYBOARD NUMERIC KEYPAD Function keys Alpha numeric keys Backspace keys Enter key Capslock key Tab key MODIFIER KEYS Ctrl key Alt key Shift key

CURSOR MOVEMENT KEYS Home & end key Arrow key Pg UP & Pg Dn key SPECIAL PURPOSE KEY Esc Key Delete key Insert key Print screen key Scroll lock key Pause and break key TYPES OF KEYBOARD QWERTY keyboard Enhanced keyboard Cordless keyboard Portable keyboard Ergonomic keyboard

MOUSE it is a pointed input device that is most commonly used pointing devices in windows environment TYPES OF MOUSE Mechanical mouse Optical mouse Wireless or cordless mouse USES It is used to select any option from a group of options by pointing the mouse pointer on the mouse and then clicking one of the m ouse button. APLICATIONS Todays palliation require mouse also known as pointing device, an alternative to the keyboard as well.

STORAGE DEVICES: PRIMARY STORAGE. SECONDARY STORAGE. PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICE. The devices in which data store initially known as PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES RAM ROM CACHE MEMORY CMOS VIRTUAL MEMORY RAM Another name of RAM is Main Memory and Direct Memory. Ram is temporary memory. Ram play very important role in the speed of computer.

TYPES OF RAM Dynamic RAM Static RAM MRAM ROM The instruction in ROM can only be read but can not be changed or deleted. ROM stores data permanetly.

TYPES OF ROM: PROM EPROM EEPROM CACHE MEMORY A cache is a small and very fast memory. It is faster than RAM. It speed up working of CPU.

SPEEDS LEVEL: LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3

CMOS CMOS stands for COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMI CONDUCTER CMOS chip uses battery power to retain information even computer is turned off. The information of CMOS can be changed.

PRINTERS INTRODUCTION. CATEGORIES OF PRINTERS. 1. Impact Printers. 2. Non.Impact Printers IMPACT PRINTERS These are like typewriters Print on the paper with the strikes of hammer. They are normally used with microcomputer. TYPES OF IMPACT PRINTERS: Dot matrix printers Daisy wheel printers. DOT MATRIX PRINTER. It makes a hard copy by printing one character at a time. It uses 100 to 300 dots per inch to print output on the printer. It contains nine to twenty four pins. The dot matrix printer is cheapest form of printers available for PC. DAISEY WHEEL PRINTER. In daisey wheel printer characters are stamped on the page from wheel Better speed than dot matrix printers No colour of print out Only text is printed but on graphics

NON IMPACT PRINTER. These are faster technology in printers. These printers print characters and graphics on paper without striking paper. Some printers use spray ink while while others use heat and pressure to create images. TYPES OF NON IMPACT PRINTERS: 1. Ink jet printers 2. Laser printers 3. Snap shot printers. INK JET PRINTER. The inkjet printer has a fine spray nozzle that creates image on the paper. It has used to spray ink. Ink jet printers offer speeds of 2 to 4 pages per min. Ink jet printers are inexpensive and have low operating costs. 300 to 600 dots per inch which is compareable to low end laser printers. Today these printers are mostly used in offices LASER PRINTER: Laser printers are non impact printers They use heat and pressure to copy the data Laser printers are available for colour and ,black and white printing Laser printers provide resolution from 300 to 1200 and higher Laser printers produce higher quality print than ink jet printers but more expensive. These printers can print 30 to 300 pages per minute.

SNAP SHOT PRINTERS: Snap shot printers are specialized ,small format printers that print digital photographs. Snapshot can be more expensive to operate Snapshot printers are popular among digital camera users.

VIDEO MONITORS
Introduction Categories
Alphanumeric display unit Graphic display unit

Types of video monitor

Monochrome monitors & color monitors Flat panel monitors Touch screen monitor

Monochrome monitors
Monochrome means single color. The monochrome monitor can display the result in single color. Composite monitor It works similar to the colored tv set. RGB monitors It consists of three electron guns, one for red, second for green color and third for blue color. The other colors are generated with the combination of these three colors. A typical monitor can display output from 256 to 65,536 colors.

Flat panel monitors

These monitors are normally used in notebook or laptop computers. Different types of flat panel monitors are available but the most is the LCD. LCD stands for liquid color display. The LCD monitor uses crystal instead of cathode ray tube Advantages of LCD Light weight Compact screen/Consumes less power

The question is why choose LCD over CRT?

There are several pros and cons to consider, and the few items listed below will be considered in this Geek Tip. Price Size

Image Quality Energy Consumption Personal Comfort Response Time

Price
The price of LCD monitors is much lower than a few years (or even months) ago, but still far exceeds the price of a comparable CRT monitor

Size
One reason that LCDs have gained in popularity is because of their small foot print. The overall size and weight of CRT monitors far exceeds that of LCD monitors. CRTs share the same image processing technology with tube televisions, and therefore share the same bulky style of housing.

Image Quality

Image quality is generally considered to be better on an LCD, as each pixel is generated by a specific set of transistors in the screen, which produces a crisp image.

Energy Consumption
LCD monitors definitely hold the edge over CRT monitors when it comes to being energy efficient. The huge tube in a CRT monitor is the source of most of its energy consumption, and a comparably sized LCD may use just a fraction of the electricity. For example a 19" LCD monitor consumes 48 Watts during normal operation, which is less than your typical light bulb. In contrast, a 19" CRT may draw up to 160 Watts.

Personal Health and Comfort

The main benefit that LCDs have when it comes to comfort is the reduced strain on your eyes. The reduced glare on the screen's surface, and the elimination of a typical CRT's "refresh", can prevent your eyes from getting tired from extended use. A CRT monitor redraws the image on the entire screen as it refreshes, whereas an LCD monitor only changes the necessary pixels during a refresh.

Response Time
The transistors that create the image on a TFT LCD can be a bottleneck to its performance, especially in fast paced 3D games where speed is critical. Related to the different approach taken with screen refreshes, the amount of time it takes the pixels to change in order to display the new image is referred to as the response time. If the response time is too slow, one may experience blurred images or ghost effects where the previous image is still slightly visible with the new image.

Touch screen monitors

Touch screen monitors are used as output devices as well as input devices. The user can select the items or options displaying on the screen by directly touching the screen of the monitors. The user simply touched the desired item on the screen with his finger, the monitor detects the position of the screen where user touched.