PROJECT REPORT ON JK TYRE & INDUSTRIES LIMITED BANMORE PLANT,(M.P.

PROJECT TITLE: STRATEGY FORMULATION TO DEVELOP TECHNICAL SKILLS

SUBMITTED TO:
Onkar Singh (Sr. Officer)

SUBMITTED BY:
Gopal Singh Parmar BE- Final Year, SGSITS,INDORE(M.P.)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset I sincerely thanks to J.K. TYRE & INDUSTRIESLTD. They permitted me for the summer training. It was my excellent Industry exposure to know the working of J.K. TYRE &INDUSTRIES LTD. It is my pleasure to express my mentor Mr.Onkar singh, Sr. Officer (HRD) J.K. TYRE & INDUSTRIES LTD.BANMORE PLANT, MORENA for giving me an opportunity to undergo this project at the company.

Gopal Singh Parmar

CONTENTS
Chapter 1-Company profile o Introduction o Core values o Visions & Mission o Top level management o History o Banmore tyre Plant . Chapter 2- Products(Tyre) o What is a Tyre o Need of Tyre o Tyre classification & components o Radial & Bias tyre o Tubeless tyres o Mounting & Dismounting

Chapter-3 - Questionnaire

INTRODUCTION
THE ORGANISATION :The advent of JK Organization on the industrial landscape of Indiaalmost synchronizes with the beginning of an era of industrialawareness - an endeavor for self reliance and the setting up of adynamic Indian industry. This was way back in the middle of the19th century. And the rest that followed is history

Excellence comes not from mere words or procedures. It comes from an urge to strive and deliver the best. A mindset that says, When it is good enough, improve it. It is a way of thinking that comes only from a power within .

CORE VALUES:JK Organization has been a forerunner in the economic and social advancement of India. It always aimed at creating job opportunities for a multitude of countrymen and to provide high quality products. It has striven to make India self reliant by pioneering the production of a number of industrial and consumer products, by adopting the latest technology as well as developing its own know-how. It has also undertaken industrial ventures in several other countries. JK Organization is an association of industrial and commercial companies and charitable trusts. Its member companies, employing nearly 50,000 persons are engaged in the manufacture of a variety of products and in diverse fields of commerce. Trusts are devoted to promoting industrial, technical and medical research, education, religious values and providing better living and recreational facilities. With the spirit of social consciousness uppermost in mind, J.K. Organization is committed to the cause of human advance men.

VISION :To be amongst the most admired companies in India, committed to excellence.

MISSION:

Be a Customer Obsessed Company - Customer First 24x7 No.1 Tyre Brand in India Most profitable Tyre Company in India Motivated and Committed team for excellence in performance Be a Green Company Deliver Enhanced Value to all stakeholders Enhance global presence through Acquisition / JV / Strategic Partnerships

TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT J.K. TYRE &INDUSTRIES LTD

Board of Directors:1) Mr. Hari Shankar Singhania (Chairman) 2) Mr. Raghupati Singhania(Vice Chairman/Managing Director) 3) Mr. Bharat Hari Singhania (Managing Director)

HISTORY OF JK TYRE & INDUSTRY LTD.

Ever since its inception it has been JK Tyre's belief in the value of technological superiority that has made it grow by leaps and bounds. This division produces and sells tyres and tubes under the brand name "JK Tyre" for Truck,Buses, Passenger Cars, Jeeps, Light Commercial

Vehicles, Multi UtilityVehicles and Tractors.The company pioneered Steel Radial Technology in India in 1977and continues to be the industry leader in the Radial segment in India. JK Tyre is the only Tyre Manufacturer in the country to produce high performance 'T' & 'H' -rated steel radial tyres. JK Tyre has consciously followed a policy of continuously modernizing and expanding its tyre manufacutring facilities toretain its edge in the market place. Our customer base covers virtually the entire Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in India together with Replacement Market for four wheeler vehicles, Defence and State Transport Units. Besides India, we have a worldwide customer base in over 45countries across all 6 continents. To keep pace with the market demand as well as technological leadership in Indian market, J.K.Industries acquired Vikrant Tyres Limited, Mysore in 1997. J.K.Industries and Vikrant Tyres Limited are the only tyre companiesin India to have received all three ISO 9001, QS 9000 and ISO14001 certificates. This indeed is a true reflection of our commitment to system oriented approach. The company has a technical collaboration with M/s Continental AG, Germany, which is among the top five tyre manufacturers in the world to keep pace with latest technological developments. To stay at the forefront of technological advancements a state of art Research & Development Centre,HASETRI, was set up, which remains the nerve centre for With three plants located in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka, JK Tyre is the largest manufacturer of truck and bus tyres in India. The truck and bus tyres produced account for nearly74% of the total tyre business in India, thus giving JK Tyre an undisputed position. Additionally, JK Tyre is the only manufacturer of truck/ bus steel radial tyres, and the second largest manufacturer of 4-wheeler tyres in the country. Also, JK Tyre is the largest exported tyre brand from India. It was awarded the CAPEXIL's Highest Export Award for 1997-97 by FIEO. It enjoys preferred premium brand status in Truck Bias market in USA and across many markets in Africa, Middle Eastand South East Asia. 1951 - The Company was incorporated as a private limited company in West Bengal in 14thFebruary, 1951 until31stMarch 1970 The company was engaged in the managing agency business thereafter the company decided to undertake manufacturing activities and obtained a letter of intent in February 1972 for the manufacture of automobile tyres and tubes. 1972 - The letter of intent was converted into an industrial licence in February for the manufacture of 4lakh nos. each automobile tyre and tubes per annum .The company was converted into a public limited company on 1stApril 1974. the manufacturing project was promoted by Straw Products Ltd and J.K.Synthetics Ltd. Co.,U.S.A.,(a subsidiary of General Tire& Rubber Co., U.S.A.) for technical services for a period of 5years and sales agreement for the supply of technical know-how, engineering and documentation for operational facilities (for a period of 8 years from23.08.1973).- Under the collaboration agreement, the company has the right to use on its products the wording Made in collaboration with General Tire International Co.,U.S.A 1982 - The companys technical collaboration agreement with General tire International Co., was renewed for a further period of 5 years.

1987 - The overall working resulted in substaintial profits despite a 51 days strike as well as go-slow from 14th October. The strike had since then been resolved and amicable settlement was reached. Efforts were on to launch a new pattern in steel belted radial tyres. 1988 - New steel radial tyres for Maruti Gypsy and Tata mobile were introduced. The company proposed to incur an expenditure of Rs.300 lakhs for installation of latest and sophisticated R&D equipment. 1989 - Several new patterns and sizes of tyres were introduced including a semi-lug Nylon tyre, all of which were well received in the market. 1990 - Han deep Investment Ltd., Hid rive Finance Ltd.,Panchanan Investment Ltd., and Radial Finance Ltd.,J.K. International Ltd., Shivdham Properties Ltd., andJ.K. Asia Pacific, Ltd., are 1991 - The J.K. International division expanded its activities by opening its office in Moscow besides starting companys subsidiaries in UK & Honkong. The radial tyres for tractors and business launched in the previous years were well received. 1992 - New radial tyres Brute and Ultima were introduced.The company was in the process of developing steel belted radial tyres the prestigious cars in the MercedesBenz, Peugeot, Daewoo race and Opel Astra. A new pattern developed for Bus and tucks PE-T8 was well received in the market. 1994 - The company maintained its pace of growth, despites teep rise in raw material and input costs and competition. The company effected an all round cost reduction and attained higher capacity utilization at both the Tyre plants at Jaykaygram and Banmore.- The T-rated Ultima tyres launched for new generation cars found its acceptance in DCMDaewoos Ceilo. Also J.K. steel radial was chosen for Mercedes Benz India. subsidiaries of the Company - The company undertook to develop steel radials for GMs Astra. Pals Peugekot Fiats, UNOand M&Ms Ford.- The company launched a premium truck Tyre JetTrak 39 which was introduced to meet the need of the heavy load market.- The new tractor rear tyre SONA was well received in the market. 1996 - During this period, a new car tyre Jet Drive XS, the widest nylon car tyre of Maruti 800 was lauched. Alongwith new semi-lug and heavy duty lug tyre for trucks, anew lug tyre for super heavy load applications Jet Trak-39 was also introduced.In the radial category, Ultima XR Radial, a terrain tyre was introduced. All these products were well received in the market.- Both the tyre plants operated to full capacity. In line with JK Tyre, the radials unit introduced the dual contact high traction and high performance Aqua sonic steel radial car Tyre. The unit also developed also developed Indias first and only H-rated Ultima Xs especially for Mercedes-Benz Cars. 2000 - The company proposes to reduce its debt by Rs.125crore in the current fiscal from the current level of Rs.635 crore by way of loan repayment.- The company and Indian Oil Corporation have enteredinto a marketing alliance for installing digital air pressure gauges and setting up sales and services outletsat IOC petrol stations throughout the country. 2001- Raghupati Singhania managing director of J.K. Industries hasbeen appointed the 19th Chairman of Automative Tyre Manufacturers association, the representative body of Tyre industry in India.

2002 - J.K. Industries Ltd. has informed BSE that CRISIL has assigned a P1+rating to the Commercial Paper programmer of the company. 2003 - J.K. Industries Ltd. has a new Marketing Director in Mr. Ajay Kapila. Before joining J.K. Industries Ltd.,Mr. Kapila was Senior Vice-President (sales and Marketing) at Kinetic Engineering Ltd. He was also Director on board and operational head of Kinetics direct selling arm-Kinetic Marketing Services Ltd. 2004 - J.K. Industries Ltd. has informed that its securities are delisted from Delhi Stock Exchange Association Ltd(DSE) w.e.f. January 29, 2004. 2007 - J.K. Industries Ltd. has informed that the name of thecompany has been changed from J.K. Industries Ltd. To J.K. Tyre & Industries Ltd. w.e.f. April 02, 2007.We the people of J.K. Tyre will have an organization committed to quality in everything we do. We will continuously anticipated and understand our customers requirements. Convert these in to performance standards for our products and services and meet these standards every time. Full customer satisfaction-both in ternaland external is our motto.

BANMORE TYRE PLANT started its production in 1991 and the first tyre rolled out
25thmarch 1991.The initial capacity of the plant was 4.5 mt/ day. Radial tyre production in passenger and light commercial vehicle segment was added in 1996. The plant is continuously improving its capacity, particularly in radial segment .Present radial capacity is 9000 tyre/ day. Total investment is in last three years for in capacity in radial tyre is apporx Rs117 crore. The expencesion of radial plant is still on. Our customers base virtually covers the entire Original equipment manufactures [OEM] in India together with replacement market for four wheeler, defence and state transport undertaking. Besides India, we have worldwide customers base exporting to more then60 countries. Plant manages their process through documented procedures based upon ISO/TS16949QMS and ISO 14001 EMS [for plant only].These described only all the activities in structured manner to be performed at all BU & SSU level. These procedures are audited at least twice in six months, once each by internal and external auditors. These audits ensure that systems are effectively functioning and continual improvement are achieved .

WHAT IS A TYRE ?

Pneumatic tyre is a flexible, toroidal, compressed gas (normally air) container mechanically attached to the outer circumference of rim of a vehicle wheel. The name is derived from Attire a protecting covering or coat. The rubber exterior of a pneumatic tyre is merely a flesh for a skeleton of fabric; this skeleton and the manner in which it is constructed are of fundamental importance in establishing the tyres characteristics. A tyre is an integral component of a vehicle and is the intermediary between the vehicle and the road.

NEED OF TYRE:
Supporting the vehicle weight including payload (load carrying capacity)

Transferring Traction and Braking forces to the road surface (Traction, Torque and braking) Absorbing Rod shocks (Cushioning and Enveloping)

Changing and maintaining Direction of travel (Steering response and stability during cornering) Low Rolling Resistance Minimum Noise / Road Vibration High Speed safe operation Capability Aesthetics & Comfort

TYRE CLASSIFICATION:-

TYRE COMPONENTS

The components of different Types of Tyre are shown below:

Truck Bias Tyre

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Tread Sidewall Breaker Ply Chafer Buttress window Bead Filler or Apex bead

Truck Radial

Radial (PCR) Tyre

Tread: The portion of the tyre, which comes in contact with the road, is called the tread. It is designed to provide the necessary traction, wear resistance, and allow for low heat build up and low noise.

Side Walls: These are the layers of appropriate thickness of rubber compound applied on both sides of the tyre carcass between the beads and tread. Plies: Plies atr reinforcing members of the tyre, which are made from rubber coated fabric (Rayon, Nylon, Steel, Polyester etc. For bias tyres Nylon is the most commonly used fabric whereas Polyester is used for Passenger radial and steel for truck radials. Bead: Layers of rubber coated high tensile steel wires formed into inextensible loops.

HOW TO READ A TYRE:-

TYRE DIMENSIONS

TYRE DESIGNATIONS
There are 3 types of tyre designations, which are used.These are: Numeric Metric Alphanumeric 10.00-20 16 PR JET TRAK 185/65R14 VECTRA 82 T F78- 15 8PR JETRIB 10.00R20 16PR JS JDH 146/142 K 215 R14 C 10PR STEELKING 11R22.5 16 PR JW JUH 295/80R22.5 16PR JS JUH

Understanding Tyre Designation

Truck Bias Tyre Truck Radial Tyre

Truck Radial Tubeless Tyre

Car Radial Tyre

Correlation between Speed symbol and maximum speed

The table explains the relationship between the speed symbol shown on the tyre and the maximum speed, which is possible with the particular tyre. Correlation Load index and tyre load capacity The table explains the relation between the load Index shown on the tyre and actual load taking capacity.

Radial and Bias Construction

Radial Carcass ply cords run at 90 degrees to circumferential axis. Carcass stabilized by steel belts. Bias Carcass ply cords run Carcass ply cords run at at an angle with respect to 90 degrees to circumferential axis of the circumferential axis. tyre

Ordinary Tyre Casing Construction

Advantage of Radial tyre

Longer tyre life resulting from lesser tread squirming & shuffling. Improved fuel efficiency due to Reduced rolling resistance . Better high speed performance: Better dimensional & directional stability due to reduced edgewise bending. Better Vehicle handling due to: o Minimum distortion in foot print area o Higher flexibility of sidewalls o Reduced side slip Greater traction , improved braking & cornering stability due to: o Larger footprint o More Uniform Pressure Distribution

TUBELESS TYRES What is a tubeless Tyre ? Tubeless tyres, as the name suggests, are tyres without the tube. The tyre is built in such a way that it can contain the air by itself. It does not require a tube within it. The tyre and rim assembly form an air container, to Seal and Contain the compressed air inside the assembly.

The tyre has a halo- or chloro-butyl lining on its inside which is airtight. Together with the airtight joint between the tyre and the wheel, the membrane forms a container that holds the air for the tyre. A valve is fitted on to the rim for inflation or deflation to the assembly. Advantages of Tubeless Tyres Use Economy These tyres are more economical, which can be seen from the following points:

Since tube is eliminated , friction between tyre & tube is not experienced, thus lower rolling resistance, improved fuel efficiency, less vibrations , less heat generation and better comfort. Chances of tube getting pinched under the bead while mounting are eliminated. The number of components used in a tyre wheel assembly gets reduced. o The tube and the flap are both eliminated o The tube and the flap are both eliminated Lower tyre/wheel weight (un-sprung mass) results in better vehicle handling and therefore longer life.

Safety

In case a nail or other sharp object penetrate a tubeless tyre , the air loss is not sudden. The tyre wheel assembly continues to perform its function for some time before going flat. This ensures and is one of the biggest advantages of a tubeless tyre. If there is a sharp penetration in a tube tyre, the air in the tube starts leaking suddenly and rapidly in all directions. This causes the wheel assembly to loose stability thereby resulting in accidents. Since there is no tube in tubeless tyre the probable and associated potential problems such as Defective Splice, Defective Valve Base, Thin Gauge, Foreign matter or Pin Hole are eliminated, ensuring safety of the wheel assembly. Tubeless tyre beads are designed to seat on the rim bead seat area with higher interference (tight fit) as compared to a tube type tyre. In the event of air loss the chances of bead unseating from the rim is less, therefore providing higher safety. Factors affecting tyre performance

The factors which influence tyre life:

Inflation Pressure

The science and the technology that has gone into producing even the best quality of tyre will go waste if the tyres are not inflated to the recommended pressure Pressure comensurating to the load carried. The best performance of tyres can only be achieved when the tyre is inflated to the designated pressure based on the load per tyre. Under inflation or Over inflation on the tyre tend to impact tyre life, vehicle handling and safety. There are two factors with weight distribution of the vehicle. One is contact patch and other linked to the tyre wear. This result in heat buildup/tyre temperature and thus loss of tyre life, premature tyre removals, increased rolling resistance and fuel consumption.

Under Inflation is more common than Over inflation. Tyre users are not always conscious about maintaining or matching tyre pressure to the loads carried. In pneumatic tyre the Air carries the load. The best tyre performance and lower tyre CPKM are obtained by maintaining correct tyre inflation pressure. It is important to remember that the total weight (GVW) carried may not exceed the registered laden weight (RLW) or vehicle passing weight, but one side of the truck or one axle may be severely overloaded due to improper distribution of the load in the pay load platform or loading area. Improper load distribution overloads the tyre(s). This condition combines with high speed , long hauls and load transfers result in tyres wearing fast and premature removal of tyres

Loads and Loading practices It is important to remember that even one trip of the truck, with improper load distribution may cause irreversible damage to the tyres.

Speed Excessive high speeds results in increased tyre running temperature. As the rubber gets heated up its modulus (stiffness) gets reduced. Rubber being a good non conductor of heat the residual heat is retained causing increased tyre wear and separation of components. Wheel Alignment A vehicle is said to be properly align when all the steering and suspension components and set as per the vehicle manufacturer and when the tyre wheel assembly are running straight and true. Proper alignment is necessary for perfect vehicle control, uniform and even tyre wear and safety.

Recommended to get the vehicle alignment checked and corrected as per vehicle owners manual as soon as tyre are wearing unevenly or ride handling problems(vibrations, pulling to one side etc). Wheel Balancing A wheel which is not properly balanced may setup vibrations which can affect steering control. Wheels, tyres and tubes are usually checked for balance before leaving factory. This balance is achieved by positioning weights on the wheel to counterbalance heavy spots on the tyre wheel assembly. Properly balanced tyres are important for driving comfort and long tyre life. sTyres should be balanced when they are mounted on the wheels for the first time or when they are removed for repair or periodically as per vehicle manufacturers recommendations. Tyre rotation

Rotation of tyre in a vehicle is recommended for a uniform tyre tread wear on all wheel position to achieve optimum tyre life. It is preferred to rotate tyres as per vehicle manufacturers recommendation or in case of any uneven tyre wear noticed. It is suggested to check wheel alignment, wheel balance and suspension before the tyres are rotated. Rotation patterns /pictures to be incorporated.

Road Conditions Vehicle /tyre operating conditions which significantly influence tyre life both in terms of new tyre life and structural durability. Rough/abrasive road surface Paved road Straight road Broken up roads Hilly windings roads Unmade country roads Driving habits Careful driving habits will ensure optimum tyre life, unavoidable damages besides avoiding serious road accidents. Some of the habits which cause serious damages to tyre and road accidents are: Over speeding

Speeding over pot holes, stone etc. Quick starts and sudden stops Riding over road divider and other obstacles Sharp turns at high speeds
Hitting the road, curbs, objects etc. Running on improperly inflated tyres

Seasonal Effects Climatic and whether conditions in our country varies widely from region to region. Dry and extremely hot during summer, extreme cold during winter and rains during monsoon. This variation in climatic conditions influence tyre life in terms of mileage and structural durability. Do's & Dont's Tyre Pressure checks including the spare tyre must be done regularly at least once in two weeks. Tyre pressure should be checked using an accurate pressure gauge. Tyre pressure should be checked when tyres are cold. Under inflation and over inflation will cause rapid tread wear and premature tyre failures.

Tyre pressure should always be maintained as per the vehicle manufacturers recommendations, mentioned at information placard, at door, owners manual. Tyre Safety GETTING THE RIGHT TYRE

It is suggested that proper selection of tyre for the vehicle is very important to ensure optimum and safe operation. Some of the critical factors to be considered for correct tyre selection are: o Vehicle type & use (passenger or goods) o Load carried and type of load (Load Index/PR) o Speed and sustained operations (Speed Symbol) o Type /Rim combination (Tyre Size and Rim Profile) o Operating conditions (Type of Roads/Terrain) o Tyre pattern design requirements based on the application

TYRE MOUNTING AND DISMOUNTING Mounting

Ensure that the rim is correct for the tyre size is fitted Clean the wheel thoroughly to remove all contamination Ensure that the wheel is not cracked, deformed, damaged or bent.

Lubricate the tyre beads with an approved tyre lubricant. With the tyre on the rim start the inflation making sure that tyre beads are seating correctly on the rim seat. For safety reasons always use a new tube when fitting with a new tube type tyres. On tubeless tyres must be fitted on air tight rims.

Dismounting

Before starting to remove, ensure that the tyre is completely deflated. Ensure that there is no danger of tyre bursting due to damage, exposed plies etc.

Tyre Safety Warning TREAD WEAR INDICATOR (TWI)

Tyre mounting / demounting and changing can be dangerous and should be done by trained personnel using proper tools and procedure. Never mount or use damaged tyres/ rims. Explosion of tyre rim assembly due to improper mounting , mis-application, improper inflation or overloading leading to serious injuries or death. Never use inflammable substance into a tyre. Never use tyre worn beyond TWI. Observed posted speed limits Avoid fast start , stops and turns. Avoid potholes and objects on the roads. Do not run over curbs and hit the tyre against side railings, dividers and curbs. Do not spin the wheels. It is dangerous to neglect tyre damages. Do not overload tyres.

LOAD SPEED INDEX Load Index: A numerical code or numerical number associated with the maximum load a tyre can carry at the speed indicated by its speed symbol under the specified service conditions. Speed Symbol: Speed symbol is an alphabet indicate the maximum speed at which a tyre can carry a load corresponding to its load index.

TYRE VISUAL INSPECTION Pneumatic tyres having the following conditions are considered unsafe for use:

Tyre body fabric/belts/plies exposed by wear, by injury, road hazards, damage, abrasions or scoring etc. Tyres having incipient failures by local deformation, bulging, swelling etc. Pneumatic tyre which has been patched or repaired improperly or use of gaiter other than proper repair and vulcanization. Tyre worn beyond tread wear indicator, having signs of severe uneven, mis-alignment, patchy wear. Broken cord or run flat due to puncture, damage in bead area, damaged Inner liner of tubeless tyre

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. What are the safety precautions with regards to my tyres? Always get your Tyre mounting / demounting done by trained personnel using proper tools and procedure. Never mount or use damaged tyres/ rims. Never use inflammable substance into a tyre. Never use tyre worn beyond TWI. Always maintain correct tyre air pressure. Check the pressures of your tyres, including spare, once in a fortnight and before any long journey or if traveling with a heavy load. Observed posted speed limits Avoid fast start , stops and turns_ Avoid potholes and objects on the roads. Do not run over curbs and hit the tyre against side railings, dividers and curbs. Do not spin the wheels. It is dangerous to neglect tyre damages. Do not overload tyres. 2. What are the conditions that can make my tyres unsafe for use? Tyre is the only contact between road and the vehicle. The part of your tyre which is in contact with the road is only about the size of a postcard. Your safety, comfort and fuel economy depends on this small contact patch. Any abnormal change in this can result in loss of vehicle control and thereby posing a serious threat to road safety. Some of the important factors on tyre safety aspects are following: Wrong tyre fitment Tyre not right for the application intended is also a safety threat. Using of incorrect tyre size, construction, Load index, speed symbol or tread pattern can cause hindrance in delivering vehicle optimum performance which may be lead to threat to road safety. Tyre Worn below (TWI) Tyres worn below TWI (Tread Wear indicator) are unsafe for usage. Tyres with one side , misalignment, spotty or uneven wear can also seriously affect traction or braking performance of a vehicle. This can also cause hydro planning phenomena where in a thin film of water is created between tyre and road resulting in complete loss of steering control. Improper tyre air pressure Under/Over air pressure can modify tyre contact area/patch which can adversely affect tyre /vehicle performance. Under inflation esults in excessive flexing of tyre causing heat build ups and make them vulnerable for blow outs. Even tyre inflation process if not properly done can also result in accident or injury.

Damaged tyre Load of the vehicle, passenger, goods is carried out by the compressed air contained in the tyre. This pressure can result in sudden air loss/burst if there is any weak portion in tyre due to injury or damage. Heat Buildup Heat is the biggest enemy of tyre. Heat build up is the major source of tyre failures. Over aged tyres - Like any other product tyres also have a shelf life. If tyres are over aged or have started showing marks of ageing then we must replace our old tyres with new ones even if they appear to be in usable condition and have not worn down to the tread wear indicator 3.What is the maximum speed that my tyre can go? All tyres are marked with their speed capability in the form of speed symbol. Speed symbol is an alphabet indicate the maximum speed at which a tyre can carry a load corresponding to its load index (Ply Rating or recommended maximum load). For example JK tyre 185/70R14 88S : here S is the speed symbol corresponds to 180 Kmph. In other words the subject tyre is capable of doing 180 Kmph for load not exceeding its load index 88 (560 kgs). Click for more details on Speed symbol. 4. What is TWI (Tread Wear Indicator) and its significance? Most tyres have tread wear indicators, usually six or more small ribs across the bottom of the main tread grooves. For motorist the remaining tread depth of rubber on tyre is one of the important aspect to be closely watched to ensure safety of the vehicle, particularly on wet road conditions and high speeds. In India as per CMVR (Center Motor Vehicle Rule) the non skid depth (NSD) shall not be less than 0.8 mm. in case of two wheeler and three wheeler and 1.6 mm. in case of other motor vehicles below the TWI (Tread Wear Indicator) in the tyre. And this is the minimum tread depth at which the tyre needs to be removed or replaced for safe driving. 5.What is tyre wheel balancing and why ? A wheel which is not properly balanced may setup vibrations which can affect steering control. Tyre wheel assembly are usually checked for balance before leaving factory. This balance is achieved by positioning weights on the wheel to counterbalance heavy spots on the tyre wheel assembly. Properly balanced tyres are important for driving comfort and long tyre life. Tyres should be balanced when they are mounted on the wheels for the first time or when they are removed for repair or periodically as per vehicle manufacturers recommendations.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset I sincerely thanks to J.K. TYRE & INDUSTRIESLTD. They permitted me for the summer training. It was my excellent Industry exposure to know the working of J.K. TYRE &INDUSTRIES LTD. It is my pleasure to express my mentor Mr. ,

Sr. Officer (HRD) J.K. TYRE & INDUSTRIES LTD.BANMORE PLANT, MORENA for giving me an opportunity to undergo this project at the company.

Gopal Singh Parmar

PROJECT REPORT ON JK TYRE & INDUSTRIES LIMITED BANMORE PLANT,(M.P.)

PROJECT TITLE: STRATEGY FORMULATION TO DEVELOP TECHNICAL SKILLS

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:
Gopal Singh Parmar BE-FINAL YEAR SGSITS,INDORE(M.P.)