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CHAPTER 9 : LINES AND PLANES IN 3 DIMENSIONS

How to answer the SPM format Question Example 1 Diagram 1 shows a pyramid LPQRS . L Step 3 : Identify the angle L

P 10 cm Q 12 cm Diagram 1

J cm
R

P 10 cm Q 12 cm

J cm
R

The base PQRS is a horizontal rectangle. J is the midpoint of RS. The vertex L is 8 cm vertically above the point J. Calculate the angle between the line QL and the base PQRS. Step 1 : - Colour line QL and shade/colour plane PQRS - Determine the meet point L

Angle : LQJ

Step 4 : Calculate the angle

JQ =

12 2 5 2 = 13

P 10 cm

J cm

tan LQJ = =

L J Q J

R Q 12 cm Step 2 : Identify normal and orthogonal projection L

8 1 3

LQJ =

P 10 cm Q 12 cm

J cm
R

Normal line : LJ Orthogonal projection : QJ

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Example 2 Diagram 2 shows a prism with horizontal square ABCD. Trapezium KABL is the uniform cross-section of the prism. The rectangular surface NKAD is vertical while the rectangular surface MLBC is inclined. N M

Step 3 : Identify the perpendicular line with BC and lies on plane NBC and the base ABCD . N M

L K D 6 cm C A 8 cm B C

L K D 6 cm A B

8 cm Diagram 2

Line NC and DC are perpendicular with line BC Step 4 : Identify the angle N M

Calculate the angle between the plane NBC and the base ABCD. Step 1 : - Shade/colour plane ABCD - Determine the line intersection between plane NBC and the base ABCD N M A L K D 6 cm A B C Angle : K

L D 6 cm B C

8 cm

NCD

8 cm

Step 5 : Calculate the angle ND tan NCD = DC =

6 8

Line intersect : BC

NCD = 36.89o / 36o52

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Questions Based on the SPM Format 1. Diagram 1 shows a pyramid with a 2. Diagram 2 shows a cuboid with horizontal rectangular base PQRS. V is vertically above P. base KLMN. V P 11 cm S Q R 6 cm N K S R 4 cm Q M 5 cm L

8 cm DIAGRAM 1

12 cm DIAGRAM 2

Calculate the angle between the line VR and the plane PQRS.

Calculate the angle between the line SL and the base NKLM.

3. Diagram 3 shows a cuboid ACBDEFGH. Given EH = FG = 8 cm. D C 7 cm A B G H

4. Diagram 4 shows a right prism with a horizontal plane ABCD. It is a uniform prism and its cross section is an isosceles triangle of sides 4 cm. The thickness of the prism, EA = 4 cm. H 6 cm E D C

DIAGRAM 4 Calculate the angle between the plane ABH and Calculate the angle between the plane EHD and the plane ABE. the plane FEHG.

DIAGRAM 3

5 cm

4 cm

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5) Diagram 5 shows a pyramid with the horizontal plane, TRS. The rectangle PQRS is vertical plane. 10 cm Q P 12 cm 13 cm T S R DIAGRAM 5

6) Diagram 6 shows a cuboid. Z is the midpoint of TW . S 4 cm R 6 cm Y X U W V T Z

10 cm

Calculate the angle between the plane PTS and the plane TQR.

DIAGRAM 6 Calculate the angle between plane YVZ and the horizontal plane XYVW.

7) Diagram 7 shows a right prism with base the rectangular plane ABCD. Right triangle BCF is the uniform cross-section of the prism. The rectangular surface DCFE is vertical while the rectangular surface BAEF is inclined. E F

8) Diagram 8 shows a pyramid REFGH. The base EFGH is a horizontal rectangle. R is the midpoint of HG. The apex R is 9 cm vertically above the point S. R

6 cm
D A C

5 cm E 24 cm F

6 cm 8 cm
B DIAGRAM 7 Calculate the angle between the plane DB and plane EDCF. DIAGRAM 8

Calculate the angle between line ER and the plane EFGH.

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9) Diagram 9 shows a cuboid. P is the midpoint of line RQ. S R Y N P Q 10 cm L M 6 cm DIAGRAM 9 cm

10) Diagram 10 shows a right prism. Right angled triangle SUT is the uniform crosssection of the prism. P 5 cm 12 cm Q R

K 12 cm

20 cm U S T DIAGRAM 10

Calculate the angle between the plane LQY and Calvulate the angle between the plane PSR and the plane MQRN. the plane PUTR..

11) Diagram 11 shows a prism . The base PQRS is a horizontal rectangle . X is the midpoint of SR. L M 5 cm S P

12) Diagram 12 shows a right prism with rectangle base EFGH. EFPQ and GHPQ are rectangle. P Q E L 12 cm F H M 6 cm

5 cm G

R 8 cm

12 cm Q DIAGRAM 11 cm

DIAGRAM 12 cm Calculate the angle between line LQ and the base EFGH.

Calculate the angle between line PX and the plane SRML.

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PAST YEAR QUESTIONS Nov 2003 1. Diagram 1 shows a prism with a horizontal square base HJKL. Trapezium EFLK is the uniform cross-section of the prism. The rectangular surface DEKJ is vertical while the rectangular surface GFLH is incline. D G

E J 6 cm

F H

8 cm Diagram 1

Calculate the angle between the plane DLH and the base HJKL.

[ 4 marks ]

July 2004, Q4

2. Diagram 2 shows a cuboid.

E H

F 5 cm

9 cm G DIAGRAM 2

12 cm

Calculate the angle between the line AH and the plane ABCD.

[4 marks]

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Nov 2004, Q3 3. Diagram 2 shows a pyramid VJKLM. V

L 10 cm K DIAGRAM 2 12 cm

Q cm
J

The base JKLM is a horizontal rectangle. Q is the midpoint of JM. The apex V is 8 cm vertically above the point Q. Calculate the angle between the line KV and the base JKLM. July 2005, Q2 4. Diagram 1 shows a right prism with rectangle ABCD as its horizontal base. Right angled triangle FAB is the uniform cross-section of the prism. The rectangular surface BCEF is inclined. E [ 4 marks ]

F D 3 cm 12 cm A 5 cm B DIAGRAM 1 C

Calculate the angle between the plane ABE and the base ABCD.

[3 marks]

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Nov 2005, Q4 5. Diagram 1 shows a right prism. Right angled triangled PQR is the uniform cross-section of the prism. T 5 cm U 12 cm

18 cm Q R

DIAGRAM 1

Calculate the angle between the plane RTU and the plane PQTU. July 2006, Q4 6. Diagram 2 shows a right prism. The base HJKL is a horizontal rectangle. The right angled triangle NHJ is the uniform cross-section of the prism. M

8 cm L 6 cm H 12 cm DIAGRAM 2 Identify and calculate the angle between the line KN and the plane HLMN. J K

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Nov 2006, Q2 7. Diagram 1 shows a right prism. The base PQRS is on horizontal rectangle. The right triangle UPQ is the uniform cross section of the prism.

Identify and calculate the angle between the line RU and the base PQRS. [ 4 marks ]

8. SPM June 2007 Q2 Diagram shows a right prism. The base PQRS is a horizontal rectangle. Trapezium PQVU is the uniform cross-section of the prism. The rectangle QRWV is a vertical plane and the rectangle UVWT is an T inclined plane. U

14 cm

W S V
7 cm

P
12 cm

R
5 cm

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Identify and calculate the angle between the plane PQW and the base PQRS. [3 marks] 9. SPM Nov 2007 Q4 Diagram shows a right prism. The base PQRS is a horizontal rectangle. Right angled triangle QRU is the uniform cross-section of the prism. V is the midpoint of PS. T

U S 5 cm R

V P 12 cm Q 16 cm

Identify and calculate the angle between the line UV and the plane RSTU. [3 marks] 10. SPM June 2008 Diagram shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH with horizontal base ABCD. P, Q and R are the midpoints of BC, AD and FE respectively. R F G 5 cm Q A D C 8 cm P B 6 cm E H

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Name and calculate the angle between the plane FPCR and the base ABCD. [4 marks] 11. SPM Nov 2008 Diagram shows a cuboid. M is the midpoint of the side EH and AM = 15 cm. E M F G H

D A 8 cm B a) Name the angle between the line AM and the plane ADEF. b) Calculate the angle between the line AM and the plane ADEF. [3 marks]

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ANSWERS

PRACTICE SPM FORMAT

1 5 9 47.73o / 47o44 63.43o / 63o26 30.96o / 30o58 2 6 10 17.10o / 17o6 36.87o / 36o52 30.96o / 30o58 3 7 11 54.46o / 54o28 36.87o / 36o52 53.13o / 53o8 4 8 12 56.31o / 56o19 34.70o / 34o42 18.43o / 18o26

SPM PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Nov 2003 Jul 2004 Nov 2004 Jul 2005 Nov 2005 Jul 2006 Nov 2006 Jun 2007 Nov 2007 Jun 2008 Nov 2008

36.87o / 36o 52 18.43o / 18o 26 31.61o / 31o 36 14.04o / 14o 2 33.69o / 33o 41 50.19o / 50o 12 34.70 / 34O42

WQR,54.46 or 5428' SUV , 31.61 or 3136' QPR,32 EAM ,15.47 or 1528'

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