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CHAPTER 19. GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS II

Important Notes: For Paper 1 (Objective Questions), the questions asked are usually related to the shapes and positions of basic graphs of LINEAR, QUADRATIC, CUBIC and RECIPROCAL FUNCTIONS. Students are expected to be able to identify a) the shape of graph given a type of function b) the type of function given a graph c) the graph given a function and vice versa. The different types of functions for Paper 1, SPM Mathematics: Linear y = mx + c m = gradient c = y-intercept Quadratic y = ax2 + bx + c Note : Paper 1 limits to y = ax2 + c Cubic y = ax3 +bx2 +cx + d Note : Paper 1 limits to y = ax3 + c Reciprocal y=

a x

y y y
O

y x

x
O O

Note : This module concentrates on graph sketching, the skills needed for Paper 1. For details on how to plot graphs please refer to the other related modules (eg. Chapter 12 The Straight Line on how to draw / plot straight lines) 19.0 Back to Basic I. Linear Graphs : can be represented by the equation y = mx + c. m is the gradient c the y-intercept, ie, the place where the straight line cuts the y-axis. II. The general form of a Quadratic Function is f(x) = ax2 + bx + c; a, b, c are constants and a 0. Characteristics of a quadratic function: Involves one variable only, The highest power of the variable is 2. III. The general form of a Cubic Function is f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d ; a, b, c and d are constants and a 0. Characteristics of a cubic function: Involves one variable only, The highest power of the variable is 3. IV. The simple Reciprocal Function is of the form y =

a , where a is a constant. x

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Questions Based On Examination Format

1. Which of the following graphs represents y = x2 2 ? A. B.

y
O 2 x 2

C.

y
O 2 x

D.

y
O x

2. Which of the following equations represents the graph of a quadratic function? A. y = 2 + x2 B. xy = 2 C. x y = 2 D. y = 2x 2

3. The diagram below shows a sketch of a function. y

O 5

What is the equation of the function? A. y = x2 5 B. y = x2 5 C. y = x3 5 D. y = x3 5

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4. Which of the following graphs represents A.

y=
B.

4 ? x y

C.

D.

y
O x

x O

5.

Which of the following graphs represents A

y = 5 x3 ?

5 O x

5 O

-5

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6 y (1, k)

.
0 x

Diagram 1

Diagram 1 shows the graph of y = x n +16 . State the value of n and k. A. n = 1, k =16 B. n = 3, k =17 C. n = 3, k =16 D. n = 3, k =15

Diagram 2

Diagram 2 shows the graph of y = x3 + k. Find the value of h. x

( h, 0)

A. 2

B. 3

C. 2

D. 3

8.

Which of the following equations represents a linear graph ? A. y = 1 + x2 B. xy = 4 C. x y = 2 D. y = 3x 1

9.

Which of the following equations represents the graph of a reciprocal function? A. y = 1 + 2x B. y x = 4 C. x y + 2 = 0 y = x3 1 ? C D D. y = 3x3

10.

Which of the following represents the graph of A

y
O

y
y x
O

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11.

Which of the following represents the graph of A

y
O

y=
C

10 ? x
D

B
y

y x
O

12.

y = 2x2

The graph labelled G most likely represents A. y = 2x2 B. y = 2x2 2

G

C. x y + 2 = 0

D. y = 2x3

13.
G

y=x+2

The graph labelled G most likely represents A. y = x 2 B. y = x 2 C. y = x + 2 D. y = - 2x

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14.

y=x

G
O

The graph labelled G most likely represents A. y = 1 x 2 B. y = x C. y = x + 2 D. y = 2x

15.

Which of the following represents the graph of y = 1 x 3 ? A B C

y y y
O O

D
y

x
O O

16.

Which of the following represents the graph of A B

y y
O

y = 2 x2 ?
C D
y y

x
O

17.

y
Diagram 3
O

Diagram 3 shows the graph of y = - 4xn. Find the value of n A. 2 B. 3

6

C. 1

D. 2

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18.
y

x O

The above graph represents A. B. y=-x+2 y = 6 x C. D. y=2x2 y = 6 x

19.
y

16

-4

The above graph represents A. B. y = x2 + 16 y = x2 + 16 C. D. y = (x + 4)2 y = 16 (x+4)2

20.

Which of the following does NOT represent a linear graph ? A. y = x B. x = 2y C. xy = 2 D. y = 2

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Past-Year Questions on Graphs of Functions II Nov 2003, Q12 1. Which of the following graphs represents y = x2 3 ? A. B.

D.

Nov 2004, Q29 2. Which of the following graphs represents A.

y=
B.

2 ? x

x O x

C.

D.

y
O

x O

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July 2005, Q28 3. Diagram 12 shows a sketch of a function. y

O 3

What is the equation of the function? A. y = x2 3 B. y = x2 3 C. y = x3 3 D. y = x3 3 Nov 2005, Q28 4. Which of the following graphs represents y = x2 4 ? A. B.

y
O 4 C. D. x 4

y
O 4 x 4

y
O x

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July 2006, Q27 5. Which of the following graphs represents y = A. B. 1 4

C.

D.

Nov 2006, Q28 6. Which of the following graphs represents y = 10 2x3? A. B.

C.

D.

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Jun 2007, Q 30 7. Which of the following graphs represents y = 5x3 ? A. y B y

C y

x 0 0 x

Nov 2007, Q 28 9 Which of the following graphs represents

y = x 2 + 5 ?

y 0 5 x

y 5

5 0 x

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Jun 2008, Q 29 10 Which graph represents

y = 1 x 3 ? 2

y 6

0 3 0 x 3

y 3 0 x

y 6 0 x

Nov 2008, Q 27 11 Which graph represents A

y = x 2 x + 2 ?

y C 2 2 0 0 y 1 x 1 x D

y y 1 0 1 0 2 2 x x

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ANSWERS Questions Base On Examination Format 1. A 11. C 2. A 12. B 3. B 13. C 4. D 14. A 5. C 15. B 6. D 16. D 7. C 17. C 8. C 18. B 9. C 19. A 10. D 20. C

Past-Year Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B D D A C B B B B C

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