Chapter 1: POLYGONS I & II

1.1

The sum of the angles of triangle is 180 o .

a

a 0 + b 0 + c 0 = 180 0

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
x

60

x 0 = 180 0 60 0 40 0

55
0

50

x = 180 50 55
= 75 0
0

43

2.

2.

x
55

x
50

3.

45

y0 = 5 5

50

60

x 0 = 180 0 45 0 55 0
= 80 0
x

4.

3.

60

y
y

50

y = 50
0

5.
x

x 0 = 180 0 50 0 60 0
= 70 0

4.
y = 180
0

120

6.

= 60 0
z = 180 0 140 0
= 40 0
120
= 80 0

100
Polygon

130

40

140

40

30

18

120

1.2

In the equilateral triangle, all the interior angles are of the same size, that is 60 0 .

60

60

60

Examples
1.

Exercises
1.
x
x

60

x 0 = 180 0 60 0
= 120 0
2.
x

2.
x

x 0 = 60 0
3.
3.

x 0 = 60 0
4.
x

4.

x 0 = 60 0

Polygon

19

1.3

In isosceles triangle, two angles that are opposite to the two sides with equal length are the same size.

a0 = b0
a

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
40

180 0 40 0
2
0
= 70

x0 =

2.
2.

x 0 = 60 0
y 0 = 180 0 60 0

= 120

y
x

180 0 120 0
2
0
= 30

z0 =

65

3.

y
z
4.

3.

x
x

180 0 70 0
2
0
= 55
0
x = 55 0
z0 =

70

Polygon

20

50

1.4

Exterior angle of a triangle vertex is equal to sum of opposite interior angles

b

x0 = a0 + b0

Examples
1.

1.

x 0 = 80 0 + 40 0
= 120 0

80

x
40

2.

x 0 = 110 0 80 0

2.

= 30 0

80

50

70

110
x

132

3.

3.
83
y

y 0 = 83 0
y
x

38

x 0 = 83 0 + 38 0
= 121 0

4.

70

42

4.
y 0 = 180 0 150 0

82

150

= 30 0
x 0 = 30 0 + 82 0

x
101

= 112 0

55

5.

5.

z
50
x

z 0 = 50 0
x 0 = 50 0 + 60 0
= 110 0

60

Exercises

Polygon

21

45
70

The sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360 0

1.5

a 0 + b 0 + c 0 + d 0 = 360 0

d
b

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
62

95

120

x 0 = 360 0 120 0 95 0 630

= 82 0
x

63

2.

137

54

2.
y 0 = 180 0 40 0
58

40

72

= 140 0
z 0 = 180 0 73 0
= 107 0

73

83

x 0 = 360 0 58 0 140 0 107 0

= 55 0
3.

3.

138

x 0 = 180 0 142 0
= 38 0

100

y 0 = 360 0 38 0 138 0 100 0

= 84 0
z = 180 0 84 0
= 96 0

120

95

z
x

142

4.

4.

64

x 0 = 56 0

125

y 0 = 360 0 125 0 56 0 82 0

79

= 97 0
118
82

x
56

Polygon

22

135

1.6

Opposite angles in the parallelogram are equal in size

B
A = C

B = D
C

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
y = 120
x 0 = 180 0 120 0
= 60 0

120

40

2.

2.

x = 110
360 0 220 0
y0 =
2
0
= 70
0

110

50

3.

3.

x = 125
0

y 0 = 125 0
x
78

125

4.

4.

x = 180 50 60
= 70 0
0

50

y 0 = 70 0

47

60

5.

50
y

x 0 = 50 0
180 0 50 0
y0 =
2
= 65 0

Polygon

50

23

52

5.

1.7

Sum of interior angles of a polygon with n sides = (n-2) x 180 0

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
Sum of interior angles
= (3 2) 180

= 180 0

2.

2.
Sum of interior angles
= (5 2) 180

= 540 0

3.

3.

113

145

112
120

123

x 0 = 540 0 90 0 123 0 112 0 113 0

= 92

68
162
150

4.

4.
30
60

100

110

240
x

40

40

x = 360 60 30 40
= 230 0
0

Polygon

24

The sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon is 360 0

1.8

Example
1.

Exercises
1.

f
a

e
b

Sum of the exterior angles

2.

= a +b +c + d +e

= 360 0

c
a

1.9

The interior angle of a regular polygon with n-sides is

( n 2) 180 0
n

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.

5 sides

2.

8 sides

3.

10 sides

Polygon

6 sides
Size of the interior angles
(n 2) 180 0
=
6
4 180 0
=
6
=120 0

25