Case for Smarter Cities

Key Questions Which Need to Be Answered Is the business need clearly stated? Business case Business Case

Have the benefits been clearly identified?

Is the reason for and benefits of the project consistent with the organizations strategy? Business Case Is it clear what will define a successful outcome? Business Case Is it clear what the preferred option is? Business Case Is it clear why this is the preferred option? See Concept Table Where there is an external procurement is it clear what the sourcing option is? External Procurement Is it clear why this is the preferred sourcing option? Cost and Funding Is it clear how the necessary funding will be put in place? Cost and Funding Is it clear how the benefits will be realized? Business Case Are the risks faced by the project explicitly stated? Potential Risks Are the plans for addressing those risks explicitly stated? Potential Risks Business Case What Business need is the project meeting? Why is the project needed now To promote Birmingham as a smart city by the integration of technology. Birmingham is the second largest city in the united kingdom therefore a new innovate system would help promote the city. Since Birmingham is looking to save on resources a new efficient system would have numerous financial benefits to the city. Options Considered 1. Creation of an Urban CHP distribution network 2. The creation of an smart recycle bin 3. The creation of an transportation network which is fully integrated 4. The creation of an Community portal used for tackling crime Recommended Option 4. The creation of an community portal used for tackling crime Key Benefits for Recommended Options Benefit Benefit Description Integration of communities in order to tackle local crime on a real time basis. This will impact various The Benefit people who are involved in an local neighbourhood Who will be impacted Benefit Type NF Timescale of 3 month F=Financial Realisation

NF=Non Financial Benefit Measurement Benefit Owner Benefit Benefit Description The Benefit Who will be impacted Benefit Type F F=Financial NF=Non Financial Benefit Measurement Benefit Owner Benefit Benefit Description The Benefit Who will be impacted Benefit Type NF F=Financial NF=Non Financial Benefit Measurement

Crime statistic Updates Local Communities Potentially large savings to local police resources. Since this is an time of austerity this will have savings on the amount which is spent on fighting crime Timescale of 8 months Realisation Amount of money spent on tackling crime Local Council and West Midlands Police Improved relationships between ethnic minorities and the police. This will reduce suspicision on both sides and enable successful tackling of crimes Timescale of Realisation 3 Months

Benefit Owner Benefit Benefit Description Reduction in Crime around the local area. Although an large amount of money is still spent on The Benefit technology there are still large amounts of crime Who will be which are above the national average impacted Benefit Type F & NF Timescale of 1 year F=Financial Realisation NF=Non Financial Benefit Measurement Crime Statistics Benefit Owner Birmingham Residents Benefit Benefit Description Promoting Birmingham as a centre of innovation which could encourage new investment from new The Benefit companies. It also raises the profile of Birmingham Who will be for potential tourists impacted Benefit Type F &NF Timescale of 1 year F=Financial Realisation NF=Non Financial Benefit Measurement New Investment and awareness surveys Benefit Owner Birmingham Benefit Benefit Description Reduce the amount of redundancies within the police network. If the new system can have The Benefit significant savings, less police jobs have to be cut. Who will be impacted

Surveys detailing feelings towards the police Ethnic minorities and the police

Benefit Type F &NF F=Financial NF=Non Financial Benefit Measurement Benefit Owner Benefit Measurement Benefit Owner Benefit Benefit Description The Benefit Who will be impacted Benefit Type NF F=Financial NF=Non Financial Benefit Measurement Benefit Owner

Timescale of Realisation

1 year

West Midlands Police Employment figures Police officers, Local community Crime Statistics Birmingham Residents Help to raise awareness of missing people by provided real time updates and could cause more people to be found Timescale of Realisation 1 year

Missing People Statistics Birmingham Residents

Determining Which Concept to Choose Criteria Urban CHP with combined smart grid 6 9 5 Smart Recycling network 9 7 6 Integrated Public Transport System 3 9 7 Community Crime portal 8 9 8

How Innovative Ease of repeatability How much does the concept increase the quality of life? How Ethical is the concept? How sustainable is the concept? How well can the concept predict problems How much does the concept increase

4 8

7 8

6 7

6 5

prosperity How much data will the idea require How big is the problem? Total

7 7 53

7 6 55

6 7 56

7 8 64

The scale used for the scoring table is 1-10 with 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest Based on the various criteria which were used to asses the business case the best two concepts were taken forward to do more research. These were the integrated transport network and the crime community portal. From further research carried out it was established that the community crime portal would be the most innovative solution to fulfil the business need. Plan for Obtaining External Procurement From a technical point of view it makes economic sense to start off as a social enterprise. In order to fulfil the criterion of a social enterprise the majority of our profits will need to be reinvested back into the system. This can be used to curry favour from a political point of view since it would fit into the colitions perspective of The Big Society. There are several source of funding which could be obtained considering the project would have to start off as an independent company within a specific area .Once the logistics of the project could be proved and the benefits of the scheme realised then this could lead to the securing on a council contract. Structure of Business Since the business is set up as an social enterprise it will have to be set up as an community interest company. By complying with this regulation, there are several features which will have to be fulfilled. The accounts will have to made public so that the business can be accountable. It offers great protection compared to an standard route and offers an real favourable outlook from local residents Cost and Funding The business will require about 2-3 million pounds running a pilot scheme. This is based on estimates from existing systems currently employed around the world. The cost involves implementing CCTV in areas where they are not currently present. It will also include the cost of the network which links the various data sources together to form the portal. Since the business will start off as a social enterprise there will be several sources available. A potential source of funding is the Adventure Capital Fund. Since the project will start off with an initial community this can help use to be eligible for the fund. Another source of funding is the Bridge ventures funding and the social enterprise investment fund

provides attractive options which should be able to cover the base cost of the project. Another plan of action which will need to be considered is the long term viability of the scheme and how it can be further expanded. An estimated cost for this is 32 million which is based on scaling up the costs from existing projects. This can require investment from IBM, City council and West Midlands Police. Other potential sources of future funding could be from the Future Builders Loan. The aim of this scheme is aiming to help social enterprises secure funding in order to secure a public contract. This can be a future consideration which can help to aid the concept. A scheme which is being implemented is Digital Birmingham; therefore this project could aim to secure funding from this project. There could be potential further investment from other companies depending on how much profile is generated from the pilot scheme. Projected Savings and Payback Period Assumptions Reduction of these specific types of crimes by 20% Assuming the reduction will be achieved in a year Cost of crime based on economic and social factors as laid out by the tax payers alliance Figures rounded to 3.d.p tolerance +/- 30% Cost Burglary Robbery Violence Birmingham 44,000,000 34,000,000 214,000,000 National Average 34,000,000 27,000,000 177,000,000 Total Saving 10,000,000 7,000,000 37,000,000 54,000,000

Cost Summary Estimated Birmingham Cost Savings Payback Period 32,000,000 54,000,000 8 Months

Projected Risks from the Project and Potential Solutions from the perspective of local users (Problem, Solution)

Will there be an invasion of privacy?-There will be measures in

place to ensure the cameras are only placed facing streets and not individual houses. Only members of the local community will have access to the data therefore this is able to comply with the Data protection Act 1998. Individual members will also be able to view a video under the freedom of Information Act provided they have sufficient evidence that they have been recorded inappropriately.

Will this Project Work?-The relative success of the project will

depend on a large involvement from the local community. This will ensure that people can feel involved about how safe their local community is. The sources of funding are explicitly stated, therefore there is no alterior motive from this organisation

Surely adding more cameras will make people more suspicions about crime?- The main focus of the system is not about just the
cameras it is bringing together people of different races, creeds and religion to help fulfil an basic human need which is the need to feel safe.

Birmingham is the 12 safest city in the UK, is there an need for this system?-While this fact may be true, based on the 2009-2010
crime statistics for most types of crime, the crime rate in Birmingham is significantly higher compared to the national average. Since west midlands police currently spends 5 million on new technology this statistic is not good enough. Birmingham is in an excellent position to take a lead in crime fighting technology and can take the lead for the rest of Europe.

If this system is based on internet access, how will people access the system who do not have the internet?-This project has
made every effort to ensure this project is inclusive of all people even those without the internet They can access through an variety of different means including TV, text services and smart phones. There have been accessibility measures put in place to aid disabled people

Why do we need effective uses of resources?-For the year 20092010 there were 16, 140 hoax phone calls. This is wholly unacceptable and is diverting useful resources away from crimes being committed. The new system aims to strike a balance to ensure that people have peace of mind yet not waste police time with minor complaints .The current response time of west midlands police is 15 minutes so even a minor reduction would aid dramatically. This system can aid the police

to assess a situation first before they come out. Currently Birmingham city council has to cut 38 million from its budget for the year 2012/2013. This new system could aid in reducing this cost and ensuring there are enough police officers to deal with crimes that occur. Sustainability A key aspect of sustainability is the triple bottom line methodology of thinking. This ensures that not only is the project ethically responsible but aims to improve economic prosperity to the relevant community. The three aspect of triple bottom line thinking are SOCIAL, ECONOMIC and ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS. The social and economic aspects of the project have already been considered therefore the main aspect of sustainability is to ensure that there can be significant environmental savings which are required. One key aspect which can be saved is the fuel costs of travelling for hoax calls. If a 50% reduction in the number of hoax calls can be achieved this can lead to a potential reduction of 1.83 of metric tonnes of CO2 can be saved. This is a huge amount and has a significant improvement to the wellbeing of the planet. (Assuming a typical police car is a 1.6 litre Ford Focus and the average distance travelled is 2 miles). Therefore there are significant environmental savings to be made by reducing the amount of CO2. Another aspect of sustainability which the project may aim to challenge is poverty. Since a local community will be able to band together then the prospect of turning to crime will not be attractive. If the system can act as a sufficient deterrent, it can hopefully force potential criminals to purse other careers and hopefully make the rise out of poverty. This is a more long term goal for the project but can have a major future impact. Quality of Life When considering the quality of human life with regards to human life, there are two aspects. One is crime itself and another feature is the fear of crime. With regards to the fear of crime, this can be particularly prevalent in societies which believe the police cannot help them. Historically this has been an important aspects for Ethnic Minorities (Particularly people of African or Pakistani origin) since they have felt vilification from the police. A study by Sheffield Hallam University has suggested that by integrating communities together this can form a sense of shared responsibility. It can also help to alleviate the fears of various community groups which may be prevalent within a community. This could help to make a community more aware within their local area, and can enable them to prepare for dealing with issues. The beauty of such a scheme is that all members of the public can take part in this scheme which will help improve the sense of belonging for all members. It can also help to increase the accountability of the west midlands police force, since they will have to ensure people are informed of what is occurring.