List of Indian timber trees - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of Indian timber trees

There are over 150 species of timber which are produced in India. Following are the chief varieties of timber trees which are used for engineering purposes in India: Common Binomial Colour nomenclature name Density Location Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala Central India Characteristics, Usage and Status Elastic, close-grained, and strong. It takes polish. It can be used underwater. It is used for ordinary building construction, structural work, paving, furniture and so forth.

Aini or Aangili

Artocarpus hirsutus

Yellowish 595 brown kg/m

Arjun

Terminalia arjuna Terminalia elliptica

Dark brown[1]

870 kg/m

It is heavy and strong. It has such uses as beams, rafters, and posts.

Axlewood

Anogeissus latifolia

930 kg/m

Babul

Acacia Whitish nilotica subsp. red indica

835 kg/m

Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, It is very strong, hard and tough. It takes a smooth Maharashtra, finish. It is subject to cracking. Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, It is strong, hard and tough and it takes up a good Madhya polish. It is used for such products as bodies and Pradesh, Tamil wheels of bullock cart, agricultural instruments, Nadu, tool handles, and well curbs. Karnataka, Bengal, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh Some parts of North India Throughout India, especially Assam and Bengal It is close-grained and tough. It is used for making cabinets.

Bakul

Mimusops elengi Mimusops parvifolia [2] Family Poaceae, tribe Bambuseae

Reddish brown

880 kg/m

Bamboo

Banyan

Ficus Brown benghalensis Lagerstoemia parviflora

580 kg/m 675 kg/m

Benteak

Not actually a tree, but a woody grass, it is flexible, very strong and durable. It is used for scaffoldings, thatched roofs, rafters, temporary bridges, and so forth. It is strong and durable only under water. The Throughout aerial roots are utilized for such items as tent poles India and well curbs. Kerala, Madras, It is strong and takes up a smooth surface. It may Maharashtra, be used for building constructions, boat building and furniture. Karnataka Karnataka, Andhra

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Bijasal

Pterocarpus marsupium

Light brown

800 kg/m

Casuarina

Casuarina spp. Cocos nucifera

Reddish brown Reddish brown

765 kg/m

Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Orissa Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

It is coarse-grained, durable and strong but difficult to work. Termites (also known as white ant) do not easily attack it. It is used for ordinary building construction and for cart wheels. Vulnerable [3]

Coconut

Deodar

Cedrus deodara

Yellowish 560 brown kg/m

Gumar

Gymnema sylvestre

Pale yellow

580 kg/m

Hopea

Hopea parviflora

Light to deep brown

1010 kg/m

It grows straight. It is strong and fibrous. It is, however, badly twisted. It is often used for scaffolding and posts for temporary structures. Takes polish. Requires preservative treatment. Throughout Used as poles, piles, furniture and as formwork in coastal India concrete construction. Deodar is the most important timber tree providing soft wood. It can be easily worked and it is Himalayas, moderately strong. It possesses distinct annual Punjab, Uttar rings. It is used for making cheap furniture, railway Pradesh carriages, railway sleepers, packing boxes, structural work and so forth. It can be easily worked and is strong and durable Central India, especially when used under water. It is used for South India such products as furniture, carriage, well curbs, yokes, and door panels. Hopea is extremely strong and tough. It is difficult to work. However, it can be seasoned easily and it is durable and not likely to be damaged by white Madras, Kerala ants. It has been variously used for ordinary house construction, railway sleepers, piles, and boat building. Endangered[4] Throughout India It is moderately hard and strong. It is used for door and window frames, carts, and so forth. Ironwood is durable though it is very hard and is not easily worked. It even resists penetration of nails. It is used for ordinary house construction, bridges, piles, agricultural instruments, railway wagons, and railway sleepers. It is very hard, heavy and durable. Difficult to work, it also requires slow and careful seasoning. It is used for railway sleepers, agricultural instruments, paving blocks, and heavy construction. Least concern [8] It is compact and even grained. It is moderately strong and easy to work. It takes a good finish and maintains its shape well. It has many uses including plain furniture, boat construction, well curbs, door panels, cabinet making and musical instruments. Hard and durable, it can be easily worked. It takes

Himalayan Ulmus Elm, Indian Red wallichiana Elm Ironwood, Penaga Reddish Lilin, Mesua ferrea Bosneak, brown[5] Gangaw, Mesua

960 kg/m

9601060 kg/m[6] Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra 830Pradesh, 1060 Maharashtra, kg/m[7] Orissa, Tamil Nadu

Irul, Pyinkado

Xylia xylocarpa

Jack

Mangifera caesia.

Yellow, darkens with age

595 kg/m

Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala

Light
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Jarul

Lagerstroemia reddish flos-reginae gray

Kathal, Yellow to [9] , Artocarpus deep Keledang heterophyllus brown Jackfruit

Lauraceae, Saj

Lauraceae

Dark brown[10]

Mahogany

Swietenia spp.

Reddish brown

Mango

Mangifera spp.

Deep gray

Mulberry

Morus spp.

Brown

Oak

Quercus spp.

Yellowish brown Dark brown

Palm

Arecaceae

Pine

Pinus spp.

Red cedar

Red[1]

Rosewood

Dalbergia latifolia

Dark[1]

Assam, Bengal, a good finish and is used for house construction, Maharashtra boat building, railway carriages, cart making and scaffolding. Karnataka, It is heavy and hard. It is durable under water and Andhra in damp conditions, however, it cracks if exposed 800 Pradesh, Kerala, to direct sun. White ants do not attack it. It is used kg/m[9] Maharashtra, for piles, platforms of wooden bridges, door and Tamil Nadu window panels. Karnataka, It is strong, hard and tough. It is subject to Andhra cracking and attack by dry rot. White ants do not 880 Pradesh, Bihar, attack it. It takes a smooth finish. It is used for kg/m Orissa, Madhya such purposes as house construction, boat Pradesh, Kerala, construction, railway sleepers and structural work. Tamil Nadu It takes a good polish and is easily worked. It is 720 durable under water. It is most commonly used for kg/m furniture, pattern making and cabinet work. The mango tree is well known for its fruits. It is easy to work and it maintains its shape well. It is 560-720 Throughout moderately strong. It is most often used for cheap kg/m[11] India furniture, toys, packing boxes, cabinet work, panels for doors and for windows. It is strong, tough and elastic. It takes up a clean finish. It can be well seasoned. It is turned and 650 Punjab carved easily. Mulberry is typically used for kg/m baskets and sports goods like hockey sticks, tennis rackets and cricket bats. 865 Oak is strong and durable, with straight silvery kg/m grain. It is used for preparing sporting goods. It contains ripe wood in the outer crust. The colour 1040 Throughout of this ripened wood is dark brown. It is strong, kg/m India durable and fibrous. Palm is used for furniture, roof covering, rafters and joists. Pine wood is hard and tough except white pine which is soft. It decays easily if it comes into contact with soil. It is heavy and coarse grained. It is used for pattern making, frames for doors and windows, and for paving material. White pine is light and straight grained and is used in the manufacture of matches. 480 It is soft and even grained. It is used for furniture, Assam, Nagpur kg/m door panels and well curbs. It is strong, tough and close-grained. It is a Kerala, handsome wood that takes up a high polish. It Karnataka, 850 maintains its shape well and is available in large Maharashtra, [12] Madhya sizes. It is used for furniture of superior quality, kg/m Pradesh, Tamil cabinet work, ornamental carvings and so forth. Nadu, Orrissa Vulnerable [13] Karnataka, Andhra It is hard, fibrous and close-grained. It does not 880Pradesh, take up a good polish. It requires slow and careful

640 kg/m

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Sal

Maharashtra, Brown[1] 1050 [14] Uttar Pradesh, kg/m Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa Karnataka, White or 930 Tamil Nadu, Sandalwood Santalum spp. Red kg/m Kerala, Assam, Nagpur, Bengal Chloroxylon swietenia Yellow [16] 960 kg/m

Shorea robusta

seasoning. It is durable under ground and water. It is used for railway sleepers, shipbuilding, and bridges. It has a pleasant smell. It is commonly used for agricultural instruments, well curbs, wheels, and mallets. Vulnerable [15]

Satinwood

Simul

Bombax spp. White Dark brown

Siris

Albizia spp.

Sissoo

Dalbergia sissoo

Dark brown[1]

Spruce

Picea spp.

Sundri

Heritiera fomes

Dark red

Tamarind

Tamarindus indica

Dark brown

Teak

Tectona grandis

Deep yellow to dark brown[18]

Toon, Red Cedar [20]

Reddish Toona ciliata brown or dull red [1]

It is very hard and durable. It is close grained. It is Central and used for furniture and other ornamental works. Southern India Vulnerable [17] It is a loose grained, inferior quality wood. Light in 450 All over India weight, it is used for packing cases, the match kg/m industry, well curbs, and for cheap furniture. Hard and durable, Siris wood is difficult to work. It North India is used for well curbs in salty water, beams, posts, and furniture. Also known as shisham or tali, this wood is strong and tough. It is durable and handsome and it Mysore, maintains its shape well. It can be easily seasoned. Maharashtra, 770 It is difficult to work but it takes a fine polish. It is Assam, Bengal, kg/m used for high quality furniture, plywoods, bridge Uttar Pradesh, piles, sport goods, railway sleepers and so forth. It Orissa is a very good material for decorative works and carvings. Spruce wood resists decay and is not affected by 480 the attack of marine borers. It is however liable to kg/m shrink, twist and warp. It is used for piles under water and (formerly) for aeroplane construction. It is hard and tough. It is difficult to season and work. It is elastic and close grained. It is strong and 960 Bengal durable. These qualities make it suited for such kg/m uses as boat building, piles, poles, tool handles, and carriage shafts. Tamarind is knotty and durable. It is a beautiful tree for avenue and gardens. Its development is 1280 very slow but it ultimately forms a massive All over India kg/m appearance. Its fruit is also very useful. It is used for agricultural instruments, well curbs, sugar mills, carts and brick burning. Moderately hard, teak is durable and fire-resistant. It can be easily seasoned and worked. It takes up a Central India good polish and is not attacked by white ants and 639 and Southern dry rot. It does not corrode iron fastenings and it kg/m[19] India shrinks little. It is among the most valuable timber trees of the world and its use is limited to superior work only. It can be easily worked. It is light in weight. It is 450 Assam used for such products as furniture, packing boxes, kg/m[20] cabinet making and door panels.

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After seasoning at 12% moisture content

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