PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA (University of the City of Manila) Intramuros, Manila

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

Design No. 1 ACOUSTIC ROOM DESIGN

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course ECE172 Broadcast Engineering and Acoustics

Group Members: CHUA, Wileen Rana G. COSE, Eduardo Jr. M. DE LEON, Joseph M. FLORENTINO, Jean Krizel L. FRANCO, Briana Germaine V. MIRADORA, Dannie F. VALENZUELA, Olivia Grace M.

Submitted to: Engr. Leonardo A. Samaniego

Date Submitted: 16 September 2011

INTRODUCTION The way sound behaves and affects the people in the room depends heavily on the room geometric and placement of absorption material. The acoustic performance of a room is very much dependent on the shape, size, and layout of the room - a fact often overlooked by many. The acoustical performance of the laboratory room represents an important element for a clear and optimal sound. No matter how good the sound system is, if the environment within which it is operating is not geared towards good quality sound, it will sound terrible. This in itself is dependent on the nature, as well as on the overall area of the different surfaces within the laboratory room. In particular, the room's construction, furnishings, windows, and wall surfaces, all have a massive impact on the acoustic performance of the laboratory. Sound reflections from the different surfaces, and refractions as sound travels through different materials, all lead to serious sound distortions. Furthermore, there is also the issue of noise transmission both from within the laboratory as well as from outside. One has to look at ways on how to stop sound crossing the room boundary, more specifically, to soundproof the room. The design includes the proposal for the renovation and construction of the Laboratory Room 2 to make it appropriate in considering the acoustic performance of the work space.

OBJECTIVES y y y y To be able to determine the acoustical properties of Laboratory 2. To know the precise measurements of Laboratory 2. To determine the total surface area, total volume, and reverberation time of Laboratory 2. To identify the room category of Laboratory 2.

SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS This study covers some concepts in acoustics like the phenomena in acoustics and categories of room. It also covers some computations needed in studying the acoustics of a certain room. These computations include the total surface area, total volume, and the reverberation time. Some computations are done through the help of software like AutoCAD and SketchUp. This study is only limited to the room assigned by the professor, which is the Laboratory 2. There are three conditions at need to be considered: (1) an empty room; (2) a typical room with tables and chairs; (3) a fully functional room that includes 40 persons. Complex topics on acoustics are not included, only those that are required by the professor.

DISCUSSIONS AND RESULTS Reverberation time (RT60) It is defined as the time required, in seconds, for the average sound in a room to decrease by 60 decibels after a source stops generating sound. It is the primary descriptor of an acoustic environment. A space with a long reverberation time is referred to as a live environment. When sound dies out quickly within a space it is referred to as being an acoustically "dead" environment. An optimum reverberation time depends highly on the use of the space. For example, speech is best understood within a "dead" environment. Music can be enhanced within a "live" environment as the notes blend together. Different styles of music will also require different reverberation times. Dead Room: Live Room:  Sabine Equation There are several formulas for calculating reverberation time; the most common formula is the Sabine Formula, created by Wallace Clement Sabine. The formula is based on the volume of the space and the total amount of absorption within a space. The total amount of absorption within a space is referred to as sabins. It is important to note that the absorption and surface area must be considered for every material within a space in order to calculate sabins.   

where: k = dimension coefficient A = total absorption = s V = volume S = total surface area Absorption The absorption coefficient of a material is a number between 0 and 1 which indicates the proportion of sound which is absorbed by the surface compared to the proportion which is reflected back into the room. A large, fully open window would offer no reflection as any sound reaching it would pass straight out and no sound would be reflected. This would have an absorption coefficient of 1. Conversely, a thick, smooth painted concrete ceiling would be the acoustic equivalent of a mirror, and would have an absorption coefficient very close to 0. Wood Glass Concrete Chairs Tables People Absorption Coefficient 0.17 0.18 0.06 0.22 0.17 0.42

Surface Area Using SketchUp, we obtained:  where: SA1 = surface area of the floor including the columns SA2 = surface area of the ceiling including the beams 

Quantity Length (m) Height (m) 4 0.50 0.16 1 0.47 0.43 2 0.50 3.75 2 0.56 0.31 2 0.56 0.27 1 0.50 6.76 8 0.40 0.18 2 0.40 3.76 2 0.20 0.27 2 0.40 3.74 2 0.59 0.28 1 0.59 2.70 4 0.35 0.40 TOTAL SURFACE AREA (Sb&c)

Area (m ) 0.32 0.20 3.75 0.35 0.30 3.38 0.58 3.01 0.11 2.99 0.33 1.59 0.56 17.47

Table 1: Surface area of beams and columns

 

 

Volume



 

 

 

Length (m) 0.85 2.13 3.74 3.76 0.22 0.33 0.27 0.31 3.39 3.39 0.43 3.74 0.35 0.18 0.24 0.24 2.7 0.24 3.74 0.28 0.59

Height (m) 0.44 0.83 0.16 0.16 0.43 0.22 0.56 6.76 0.33 0.38 0.47 0.35 3.78 3.73 0.05 0.05 0.27 0.43 0.18 0.24 2.7

Width (m)

Quantity

Volume (m ) 0.08 1.33 0.30 0.30 0.24 0.25 1.02 1.17 0.26 0.31 0.69 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.72 0.54 0.23 0.45 9.71

0.11 2 0.75 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 2.56 1 3.39 1 6.76 1 0.56 1 0.23 1 0.24 1 3.39 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 2 3.49 1 4.49 1 0.2 1 3.49 2 0.4 2 3.49 1 0.28 1 Total Volume (Vb&c)

Table 2: Surface area of beams and columns



 

Wood Glass Concrete Chairs Tables People

Total Surface Area 52.54 37.26 292.65 40.00 64.36 40.00

Absorption Coefficient 0.17 0.18 0.06 0.22 0.17 0.42

Table 3: Absorption Coefficient

Length (m)

Width (m)

Height (m)

Surface Area (m2)

Brown Table (3)

2.41

0.93

0.81

29.67

White Table (1)

2.41

0.83

0.81

9.25

Small Table (4)

1.21

0.83

0.81

21.24

Professors Table (1)

1.22

0.61

0. 74

4.20

Total Surface Area

Table 4: Surface Area of Tables

64.36

Case I: Empty Room

Case II: Room with chairs and tables

Case III: Room with chairs, tables and people

Norris Eyring Equation =



Case I: Empty Room

=
 

Case II: Room with chairs and tables

 =
 

Case III: Room with chairs, tables and people

 =
 

CONCLUSION In conclusion the value of reverberation time obtained using Sabine equation are  when empty room (case I), when there are chairs and tables in the room (case 2) and when chairs, tables and people are in the room (case 3). Based from  dead room and  - live room, the Laboratory 2 in the condition where it is an empty room, can be categorize as a live room while the other two conditions can be categorize as dead room. In using the Norris Eyring Equation the reverberation time are when empty room (case 1), when there are chairs and tables in the room (case 2), when chairs, tables and people are in the room (case 3) with this the Laboratory 2 in the condition where it is an empty room, can be classified a dead room and the other two conditions are live room. According to the table below, a good reverberation time for the speech is in the range of 0.8 to 1.3, with this we can say that using Sabine equation case 2 falls between the ranges. In using, Norris Erying the reverberation time in all cases doesnt fall between the range said above. In order to compute the reverberation time it is performed manually, total surface area and total volume where the sound will travel should be calculated first because it is used in computing the reverberation time. With the help of autocad getting the precise measurement of every length, width and height became easy. Also using software called Sketch up we easily get the area of a certain surface without using a hand calculation. This software makes it easy to compute for the area, but for the others computation hand calculation used.

Speech Contemporary music Choral music

.8 - 1.3 Good Fair - Good Poor - Fair

Reverberation Time 1.4 - 2.0 2.1 - 3.0 Fair - Poor Unacceptable* Fair Poor Fair - Good Good - Fair

Optimum** 0.8 - 1.1 1.2 - 1.4 1.8 - 2.0+