Ans 15111001 (a) TAB = 180 52 = 128 In TAB, by the sine formula,

TB AB = sin TAB sin ATB

sin ATB = 10 sin 128 65

1A 1M

ATB = 6.963 2, cor. to 5 sig. fig. ATB +TBA +TAB = 180 TBA = 180 6.963 2 128 = 45.0, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 45.037 The angle of depression of B from T is 45.0. (b) In TBC, by the cosine formula,
TC = TB 2 + BC
2 2 2

1A

1A

2 TB BC cos TBC

1M

= 65 +30 2 65 30 cos 45 .037 m

The distance between T and C is 48.7 m.

15111002 (a) In ACE, ACE + 90 + 25 = 180 ACE = 65 In ACD, by the sine formula,
AD CD = sin ACD sin CAD

= 48 .7 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

1A 1M

AD =

80 sin 65 m sin 80

The distance between A and D is 73.6 m.

(b) In AED,
sin 55 = ED AD ED = 73 .623 sin 55 m

= 73 .6 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 73.623

1A

1M

= 60 .3 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

i.e.

h =6 .3 0

1A

(c) Join CB. The required angle of elevation is CBD. In AED,

cos 55 = AE AD AE = 73.623 cos 55 m = 42 .228 m , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

BD = AE = 42.228 m In CBD,
tan CBD = CD BD 80 = 42.228

1A 1A

CBD = 62.2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. The angle of elevation of C from B is 62.2.

1A

15111003 (a) CDA + 35 = 180 CDA = 145 In ACD, 20 +CAD = 35 CAD = 15 By the sine formula,
AC CD = sin CDA sin CAD AC = 15 sin 145 m sin 15

1A

1A

1M

The distance between A and C is 33.2 m.

(b) In ABC,
sin ACB = AB AC AB = 33 .242 sin 20 m

= 33 .2 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 33.242

1A

1M

The height of the flagpole is 11.4 m.

=11.4 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

15111004 (a) 60 +BLA + 50 = 180 BLA = 70 25 +BAL = 50 BAL = 25 In BAL, by the sine formula,
BL AB = sin BAL sin BLA
BL = 15 sin 25 km sin 70

1A 1A 1M

The distance between ship B and lighthouse L is 6.75 km.

(b) In BAL, LBA +BAL +BLA = 180 LBA + 25 + 70 = 180 LBA = 85 By the sine formula,
AL AB = sin LBA sin BLA 15 sin 85 AL = km sin 70 =15 .9 km , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 6.75 km , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

1A 1M

The distance between ship A and lighthouse L is 15.9 km.

15111007 (a) The required angle is ADE (or BCF). AE = BF = 12 cm In ADE, by the cosine formula, cos ADE =
AD 2 + DE 2 AE 2 2 AD DE 2 2 8 + 6 12 2 = 2 8 6

1A

1A

1M

ADE = 117, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 117.28 The angle between the planes ABCD and CDEF is 117. (b) Let G be a point on AE such that DG AE.

1A

The required distance is DG.

1A

Area of ADE = AE DG
1 AE DG 2 8 6 sin 117 .28 DG = cm 12 = 3.56 cm =

1 2

1 AD DE sin ADE 2

1M

The distance between D and the plane ABFE is 3.56 cm.

15111008 (a) In EFB, sin 45 =
EF BE
2 cm 2

1A

EF = 10 =5
2 c m

1A

BF cos 45 = BE

BF = 10

2 cm 2

= 5 2 cm In BCF, sin 30 =
C F BF
1 2

1A

CF = 5 2 cm =
5 2 2 c m

1A

cos 30 =

B C B F
3 cm 2

BC = 5 2 =
5 6 c m 2

1A

(b) The required angle is EBD.

DE = CF = 5 2 cm 2

1A

In EDB, sin EBD =

D E BE 5 2 = 2 10

EBD = 20.7, cor. to 3 sig. fig. The angle between the line BE and the plane ABCD is 20.7.
-- ans end --

1A

15111012 (a) VB = VA = 8 cm In VAB, by the cosine formula,

cos VBA = VB 2 + AB 2 VA 2 2 VB AB 82 + 52 82 = 2 8 5
=7 .8, 1

1M

B VA

cor. to 3 sig. fig. 71.790

1A

(b) Let P be a point on VB such that VB AP.

The required distance is AP. In ABP, sinABP =

AP AB

1A

AP = 5 sin 71.790 cm = 4.75 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 4.749 6 The shortest distance from A to the line VB is 4.75 cm. (c) The required angle is APC. CP = AP = 4.749 6 cm

1A 1A 1A

In ABC,
AC = AB 2 + BC
2

= 5 2 +5 2 cm

= 50 cm

1A
AP 2 + PC 2 AC 2 2 AP PC

In APC, by the cosine formula,

cos APC =

1M

4.749 6 2 + 4.749 6 2 50 2 4.749 6 4.749 6

APC = 96.2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. The angle between the planes VAB and VBC is 96.2.

1A

15111013 In ABN,
ABN + BNA+ NAB = 180 BNA = 180 110 40

=30

1A

By the sine formula,

NA AB = sin ABN sin BNA NA = 100 sin 110 m sin 30

1M

=187 .94 m , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A

In MAN,
tan MAN = MN NA MN = 187.94 tan 25 m

The height of the building is 87.6 m.

= 87 .6 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

15111014 PBQ = 28 and PAQ = 25 In PAQ,

tan PAQ =

PQ AQ 80 AQ = m tan 25

=171 .56 m , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A

In PBQ,
tan PBQ = PQ BQ 80 BQ = m tan 28

=150 .46 m , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A

56 +BQA + 40 = 180 BQA = 84 1A In BQA, by the cosine formula,

A = B A Q
2

+B Q
2

2 A B cos Q Q Q B A
2

1M

= 171 .56

+150 .46

2 171 .56 150 .46 cos 84 m

The distance between A and B is 216 m.

15111017 As marked in the figure, and ,

= 216 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

(a) = 60 +BQA = 80 BQA = 80 60 = 20 In PQA,

tan 50 = PQ AQ 30 AQ = km tan 50

1A

= 25 . 173 km , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A

In PQB,

tan 35 =

PQ BQ 30 BQ = km tan 35

= 42 .844 km , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A 1M

In BQA, by the cosine formula,

A = B A Q
2

+B Q
2

2 A B co Q Q Q s B A
2

= 25 . 173

+42 .844

2 25 . 173 42 .844 cos 20 km

The distance between A and B is 21.0 km.

(b) In QAB, by the cosine formula,
cos B AQ

= 21.0 km , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 21.032

1A

= =

BQ 2 + AB 2 AQ 2 2 BQ AB

1M

42 .844 2 + 21.032 2 25 . 173 2 2 42 .844 21.032

ABQ = 24.164, cor. to 5 sig. fig. ABQ + + 80 = 180 = 75.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig. The bearing of A from B is S75.8W.

1A 1A 1A

15112001 Let the length of CB be x. (a) The required inclination is XBY. In XCB,
CX CB CX = x tan 36 CB cos 36 = BX x BX = cos 36 tan 36 =

1A

1A

1A

In CFB,
sin 28 = CF CB CF = x sin 28 FB cos 28 = CB FB = x cos 28

1A

1A

In XYB,

sin XBY =

XY BX CF = BX x sin 28 = x cos 36 = sin 28 cos 36

The inclination of XB to the horizontal plane is 22.3.

(b) Let H be the projection of G on the plane ABFE.

XBY = 22 .3 , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

In GHB, GH = CF = x sin 28
tan 20 = GH HB x sin 28 HB = tan 20

1A

In HBF,
BF 2 + HF 2 = HB2 HF 2 = x 2 sin 2 28 2 2 x cos 28 tan 2 20

HF = x
CG HF = CX CX

sin 2 28 cos 2 28 tan 2 20

1A

sin 2 28 cos2 28 2 = tan 20 tan 36 = 2 , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1. 9

1A

15112002 (a) BD = DC
= 12 2 + 20 2 cm = 544 cm

1A

In ABC, by the cosine formula,

BC = AB 2 + AC
2 2 2

2 AB AC cos BAC

1M 1A 1M

= 12 +12 2 12 12 cos 40 cm

= 8.208 5 cm , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

In BCD, by the cosine formula,

cos BDC = BD 2 + CD 2 BC 2 2 BD CD 544 + 544 8.208 5 2 = 2 544
=2 .3, 0

D BC

cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

(b) Let M and N be the projections of A and D on the plane BCFE respectively.

The required angle is DCN. In DNF,

NDF = 1 EDF 2 1 = 40 2

1A

=20
cos NDF =

1A

ND DF ND = 12 cos 20 cm

=11.276 cm , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A

In DCN,
sin DCN = ND CD 11.276 = 544

The angle between DC and the plane BCFE is 28.9.

(c) The required angle is DMA. AM = ND = 11.276 cm

DCN = 28 .9 , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A 1A

In DMA,
tan DMA = AD AM 20 = 11.276

The angle between the planes ABC and DBC is 60.6.

15112003 (a)

DMA = 60 .6 , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

In ACD, CAD + 25 = 40 CAD = 15 CDA + 40 = 180 CDA = 140 By the sine formula,
AC CD = sin CDA sin CAD

1M
AC = 20 sin 140 m sin 15

= 49 .671 m , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A

In ABC,
sin ACB = AB AC AB = 49.671sin 25 m = 21.0 m , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 20.992

The height of the flagpole is 21.0 m.

(b) (i) In ABE,

1A

AE =

AB 2 + BE 2

= 20 .992 2 + 40 2 m

= 45 . 174 m , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1A 1M

In AEC, by the cosine formula,

cos AEC = AE 2 + EC 2 AC 2 2 AE EC 45 . 174 2 + 55 2 49 .671 2 = 2 45 . 174 55
= 8 .5, 5

E AC

cor. to 3 sig. fig. 58.471

1A

(ii) F is a point on EC such that AF EC.

The required angle of elevation is AFB. In AFE,

sin AEF = AF AE AF = 45.174 sin 58.471 m = 38 .505 m , cor. to 5 sig. fig.
AB AF 20.992 = 38.505

1A

1A

In AFB,
sin AFB =

The angle of elevation of A from F is 33.0.

AFB = 33 .0 , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

15112006 (a) In ABD, cos ABD =

BD AB

BD = 12 cos 50 cm 1 m = 7.7 c , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 7.713 5

1A

sin ABD =

AD AB

AD = 12 sin 50 cm = 9.192 5 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig. In ACD,

DC = AC 2 AD 2 = 18 2 9.192 5 2 cm
=5 .5 c 1 m

1A

, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 15.476

1A

(b) (i)

In ABC, by the cosine formula,

BC = AB 2 + AC
2 2 2

2 AB AC cos BAC

1M

= 12 +18 2 12 18 cos 45 cm

The distance between B and C on the table is 12.7 cm.

(ii) The required angle is BDC. In BCD, by the cosine formula,
cos BDC =
BD 2 + DC 2 BC 2 2 BD DC

=12 .7 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 12.749

1A

1M

7.713 5 2 +15 .476 2 12 .749 2 2 7.713 5 15 .476

BDC = 55.1, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 55.138 The angle between the planes ABD and ACD is 55.1. (iii) Let E be a point on BC such that DE BC.

1A

The required distance is DE.

1A

Area of DBC = BC DE 1M

1 2

The distance from D to the line BC is 7.68 cm.

(iv) Let P be the projection of D on the table.

1 1 BD DC sin BDC = BC DE 2 2 1 1 7.713 5 15 .476 sin 55 . 138 cm = 12 .749 DE 2 2 DE = 7.68 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

7.683 0 1A

In ABC,

Area of ABC = BC AE
1 BC AE 2 1 1 12 18 sin 45 cm 2 = 12 .749 cm AE 2 2

1 2

1 AB AC sin BAC 2

1M

AE = 11.980 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig. In ADE, by the cosine formula,

cos DAE =
AD 2 + AE 2 DE 2 2 AD AE

1A

1M

9. 192 5 2 +11.980 2 7.683 0 2 2 9. 192 5 11.980

DAE = 39.890, cor. to 5 sig. fig. sin DAE =

D P AD

1A

DP = 9.192 5 sin 39.890 cm = 5.895 3 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig. Volume of the tetrahedron ABCD
1 area of ABC DP 3 1 1 = 12 18 sin 45 5.895 3 cm 3 3 2 =
=1 0 cm 3 5

1A 1M

, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A

15112007 (a) In PAQ,

APQ = 90 , AQP = 90 APQ +AQP +PAQ = 180 90 + 90 +PAQ = 180 PAQ = + By the sine formula,
AP PQ = sin AQP sin PAQ AP am = sin (90 ) sin ( + ) a sin (90 ) AP = m sin ( + ) a cos = m sin ( + )

1A 1M

1A

In BAP,
tan = AB AP
a cos tan sin( + )
a tan cos sin( + )

1M

AB = AP tan h=

h =

1A

(b) (i)

Substitute = 35, = 42 and = 68 into the result of (a),

h= a tan 35 cos 68 sin( 42 + 68 )

1M

h tan 35 cos 68 = a sin 110

= 29 0. 7

, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 0.279 14

1A

(ii) The required angle of elevation is BQA. In PAQ, by the sine formula,
AQ PQ = sin APQ sin PAQ AQ am = sin( 90 42 ) sin( 42 +68 )

1M

AQ =

a sin 48 m sin 110

1A

In BAQ,

tan BQA = =

AB AQ

h a sin 48 sin110 h sin 110 = a sin 48

1M
sin 110 sin 48

= 0.279 14
Q =1 .4, B A 9

cor. to 3 sig. fig. The angle of elevation of B from Q is 19.4.

1A

(iii) Let the angle of elevation and the bearing of B from R be i and NW respectively.

AP =

a cos 68 sin( 42 + 68 )

= 0.398 65 a
PR = 2 2 PQ = a 3 3

1A 0.666 67a

In PAR, by the cosine formula,

AR = AP 2 + PR 2 2 AP PR cos APR
2 2

1M 1A

= (0.3 8 65 a ) +(0.6 6 6 a ) 2(0.3 9 6 7 98 6 a )( 0.6 6 6 a ) co 4 5 6 7 s 8

= 0.497 7 a

In BAR,
tan i = = AB AR h 0.497 7a

0.279 14 0.497 7

1M 1A

i = 29 .3 , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

In PAR, by the sine formula,

AP AR = sin ARP sin APR

1M

sin ARP =

sin 48 0.398 65 a 0.497 7 a

 ARP = 36 .530 , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

+ ARP = 90 =53 .5, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

1A 1A

The angle of elevation and the bearing of B from R are 29.3 and N53.5W
respectively. 1A