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Project reference prEN ISO 9241-100 prEN ISO 24502 prEN ISO 28802 Title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 100: Introduction to standards related to software-ergonomics Ergonomics - Accessible design - Specification of age-related relative luminance in visual signs and displays (ISO/DIS 24502:2009) Ergonomics of the Physical Environment - The assessment of environments by means of an environmental survey involving physical measurements of the environment and subjective responses of people
ISO
ISO/FDIS 8995-2 - Lighting of work places - Part 2: Outdoor ISO 8995-2:2005 specifies lighting requirements for outdoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance. All usual visual tasks are considered. ISO 8995-2:2005 does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work, although the lighting requirements, as specified in this standard, usually fulfil safety needs. ISO 8995-2:2005 neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer.s freedom from exploring new techniques nor restricts the use of innovative equipment. ISO 8995-3:2006 (CIE S 016/E:2005) - Lighting of work places -- Part 3: Lighting requirements for safety and security of outdoor work places ISO 8995-3:2006 specifies the lighting requirements which will contribute to the visual needs for safety and security within outdoor work places ISO 30061:2007 (CIE S 020/E:2007) -Emergency lighting ISO 30061:2007 specifies the luminous requirements for emergency lighting systems installed in premises or locations where such systems are required. It is principally applicable to locations where the public or workers have access. ISO 8995-1:2002 (CIE S 008/E:2001) - Lighting of work places -- Part 1: Indoor
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Lighting for swimming pools The spectroradiometric measurement of light sources Determination of the spectral responsivity of optical radiation detectors Electrically calibrated thermal detectors of optical radiation (absolute radiometers) Road surfaces and lighting (joint technical report CIE/PIARC) Guide for the photometric specification and measurement of sports lighting installations Methods of characterizing illuminance meters and luminance meters: Performance, characteristics and specifications The measurement of absolute luminous intensity distributions Guide to the properties and uses of retroreflectors at night Visual aspects of road markings (joint technical report CIE/PIARC; French translation: Aspects visuels des marquages routiers is available from PIARC) Roadsigns Spectral luminous efficiency functions based upon brightness matching for monochromatic point sources, 2 and 10 fields Intercomparison on measurement of (total) spectral radiance factor of luminescent specimens Electric light sources: State of the art - 1987 Brightness-luminance relations: Classified bibliography A guide for the design of road traffic lights Special metamerism ndex: Change in observer Mesopic photometry: History, special problems and practical solutions CIE History 1913-1988 Guide for the lighting of sports events for colour television and film systems Measurement of luminous flux Solar spectral irradiance CIE 1988 2 spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision Colorimetry of self-luminous displays - A bibliography Guide for the lighting of road tunnels and underpasses Technical Collection 1990 Sunscreen testing (UV.B) Road lighting as an accident countermeasure Guide for floodlighting Contrast and visibility Electric light sources - State of the art - 1991 Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systems Personal dosimetry of UV radiation Lighting education Fundamentals of the visual task of night driving Parametric effects in colour-difference evaluation Recommended file format for electronic transfer of luminaire photometric data Technical Collection 1993 Daytime running lights (DRL) Spectroradiometry of pulsed optical radiation sources CIE Collection in photobiology and photochemistry (1993) Review of the official recommendations of the CIE for the colours of signal lights
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Guide to recommended practice of daylight measurement (including disk) A method of predicting corresponding colours under different chromatic and illuminance adaptations Spatial distribution of daylight - Luminance distributions of various reference skies Variable message signs Glare evaluation system for use within outdoor sports and area lighting Maintained night-time visibility of retroreflective road signs CIE Collection in photometry and radiometry Recommendations for the lighting of roads for motor and pedestrian traffic Industrial colour difference evaluation Discomfort glare in interior lighting CIE Collection in colour and vision Proceedings of the 23rd Session of the CIE, New Delhi 1995, Vol. 1 The photometry and goniophotometry of luminaires The photometry and goniophotometry of luminaires Supplement 1: Luminaires for Emergency Lighting The relationship between digital and colorimetric data for computer-controlled CRT displays Low vision (also available on CD-Rom) CIE Collection in colour and vision, 1997 Standard erythema dose Guidelines for minimizing sky glow Measurement of LEDs (2nd ed) Guide to the lighting for open-cast mines Guide for lighting exterior work areas Practical methods for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance Design methods for lighting of roads Proceedings of the CIE Session 1999 in Warsaw (also available on CD-ROM) CIE Collection in photobiology and photochemistry, 1999 CIE Collection in vision and colour and in physical measurement of light and radiation, 1999 Guide to the lighting of urban areas The conspicuity of traffic signs in complex backgrounds CIE Collection in Photobiology and Photochemistry, 2000 The influence of daylight and artificial light on diurnal and seasonal variations in humans - a bibliography (also available as disk) Road lighting calculations Testing of supplementary systems of photometry Improvement to industrial colour difference evaluation International recommendations for colour vision requirements for transport Road surface and road marking reflection characteristics The correlation of models for vision and visual performance CIE Collection on Glare 2002 2002 CIE equations for disability glare 2002 Glare from small, large and complex sources Action spectroscopy of skin with tunable lasers The use of tungsten filament lamps as secondary standard sources Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor lighting installations Spectral weighting of solar ultraviolet radiation
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Proceedings of the 25th Session of the CIE, San Diego, USA, 25 June - 2 July 2003 Report on an intercomparison of measurements of the luminous flux of high-pressure sodium lamps Maintenance of outdoor lighting systems Ultraviolet air disinfection Guidelines for the evaluation of gamut mapping algorithms Control of damage to museum objects by optical radiation Ocular lighting effects on human physiology and behaviour (with Erratum 1) A colour appearance model for colour management systems: CIECAM02 A review of chromatic adaptation transforms Lighting design methods for obstructed interiors Chromatic adaptation under mixed illumination condition when comparing softcopy and hardcopy images The effects of fluorescence in the characterization of imaging media Hollow light guide technology and applications CIE 10 degree photopic photometric observer Cognitive colour Recommended practice for tabulating spectral data for use in colour computations Criteria for the evaluation of extended-gamut colour encodings Practical design guidelines for the lighting of sport events for colour television and filming Fundamental chromaticity diagram with physiological axes Part 1 Test cases to assess the accuracy of lighting computer programs UV protection and clothing Tubular daylight guidance systems Action spectrum for the production of previtamin D3 in human skin A framework for the measurement of visual appearance Geometric tolerances for colour measurements Colour rendering of white LED light sources Proceedings of the 26th Session of the CIE, Beijing 2007 Methods for characterising tristimulus colorimeters for measuring the colour of light Road transport lighting for developing countries Hand protection by disposable gloves against occupational UV exposure Calibration methods and photoluminescent standards for total radiance factor measurements Definition of the cut-off of vehicle headlights Indoor Daylight Illuminants Reappraisal of Colour Matching and Grassmann's Laws UV-A Protection and Sunscreens UV-C Photocarcinogenesis Risks from Germicidal Lamps Performance Assessment Method for Vehicle Headlighting Systems Calculation of Tunnel Lighting Criteria
Calculation and Presentation of Unified Glare Rating Tables for Indoor LIghiting Luminaires
CIE 190:2010 ISBN 978 3 901906 87 9 This report has been prepared to assist luminaire suppliers and lighting designers in the production of UGR tables for luminaires in preset arrays at 1:1 spacing to height ratio. This data is needed for the verification of conformity to the limiting UGR by the UGR tabular method specified in clause 6.2 of the Standard ISO 8995-1:2002(E)/CIE S 008/E:2001 Lighting of Workplaces Part 1: Indoor. The limiting UGR values are recommended in clause 5 of this standard. The report makes use of the basic UGR equation, described in CIE 117-1995, gives tables of preset values for the standard conditions and in step by step describes the calculation process needed to generate the uncorrected UGR table. The process is further demonstrated by a worked example of UGR calculation for a disymmetric distribution luminaire in a room 2H x 4H. The report also gives the uncorrected UGR table for this luminaire which can be used to validate software designed for the production of the UGR table. The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 29 pages with 4 figures and 8 tables, and is readily available at the National Committees of the CIE or via the website of the Central Bureau of the CIE (www.cie.co.at)
CIE 188:2010 ISBN 978 3 901906 84 8 This report has been produced to meet the need for a standardised, accurate and reliable method of assessing the photometric performance of vehicle headlights. It considers the requirements of headlight performance in terms of road scene illumination and limitation of glare, and the assessment of performance in terms of lane guidance and the detection of pedestrians and objects. The work undertaken to define the assessment method is summarised along with the results of the validation testing. A standardised photometric assessment method and calculation procedure for use by manufacturers and assessment organisations is provided. The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 86 pages with 85 figures and 8 tables, and is readily available at the National Committees of the CIE or via the website of the Central Bureau of the CIE (www.cie.co.at).
present in Thorntons data) are required to suppress random errors, and accordingly three laboratories generated intraobserver matching results in three different luminance domains. Two of the studies, respectively conducted at 300 cdm-2 and 30 cdm-2, confirm Grassmann additivity, but the third study shows failure of additivity at 3 cdm-2. In addition, Maxwell and maximum-saturation colour matches have long been known to be inconsistent even at high luminance levels and with intra-observer match replication to suppress noise. A practical consequence of the failure of additivity could be problems observed in cross-media colour matching, although cross-media studies also have other well known sources of imprecision when the colour-matching is asymmetric. Some suggestions are made for a covering theory of Grassmanns laws that might accommodate both Maxwell and maximum-saturation match data while still maintaining consistency with high-luminance success in experiments such as reported recently. Further investigations are indicated for a successor to TC 1-56. The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 20 pages with 3 figures, and is readily available at the National Committees of the CIE or via the website of the Central Bureau of the CIE (www.cie.co.at).
Calibration Methods and Photoluminescent Standards for Total Radiance Factor Measurements
CIE 182:2007 ISBN 978 3 901906 62 6 This technical report provides the recommendations of the CIE concerning total radiance factor measurements of photoluminescent samples. The scope is limited here to photoluminescent samples whose fluorescence is excited by ultraviolet or visible radiation only. These recommendations include procedures for both one-monochromator and twomonochromator methods. Detailed information is provided on the influence of various measurement parameters, such as the illuminant, instrument geometry, polarization, reflectance standard and photoluminescent standard. The report includes a survey of currently available photoluminescent material standards and calibration laboratories. The Research Note is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 54 pages with 9 figures and 5 tables.
CIE 181:2007 ISBN 978 3 901906 63 3 A number of applications in industry, research and medicine involve occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from a variety of lamps and lasers. While solar UVR exposure has been extensively studied, there is little information on methods to evaluate the efficiency of personal protective equipment (PPE) against exposure to artificial UVR sources. Various test methods and instrumentation for measuring the spectral attenuation of disposable gloves are discussed. Factors affecting the UVR transmission through disposable gloves are investigated, and a method of assessing the level of protection provided by the glove when protecting against monochromatic or broad-band UVR sources is discussed. Application-specific examples are provided, and areas where research and standardisation efforts are still needed are discussed. The Research Note is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 36 pages with 34 figures and 8 tables.
Methods for characterising tristimulus colorimeters for measuring the colour of light
CIE 179:2007 ISBN 978 3 901906 60 2 The purpose of this technical report is to provide an objective means for evaluating the properties of tristimulus colorimeter heads that are to be used to measure the colour of light sources. Several properties that determine the performance of tristimulus colorimeters can be quantified by numerical assessments. There are some properties, however, which have not been possible to quantify, where only a qualitative description is possible. Several sources of measurement error are also described. The report is intended to serve as a guide for a potential user who wishes to make colour measurements of sources using a tristimulus colorimeter, and for manufacturers or users of instruments who need to specify or assess the quality of these instruments. The factors that make up the evaluation may also serve as a guide to manufacturers in the development of improved colorimetric instruments. The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 19 pages with 4 figures.
Proceedings of the 26th Session of the CIE in Beijing, China, 4-11 July 2007
CIE 178:2007 ISBN 978 3 901906 59 6 This CD-ROM contains on over 1850 pages the texts of the Invited Papers, Presented Papers and Posters presented at the Session, as well as the introductions to the Workshops. The proceedings are organized in three files: Proceedings Volume 1 Part 1.pdf This file corresponds to the first printed volume of the printed proceedings. Links to the text of the papers have been inserted in the contents list. By clicking on the title the paper will be opened. Papers having an extended version in Volume 2 are marked. Proceedings Volume 1 Part 2.pdf
This file corresponds to the second printed volume of the proceedings, again showing links to the papers. The content list in both files show the content of both files, but the links are only operational when relating to a paper contained in the same file. Proceedings Volume 2.pdf This file contains the official reports, etc. of the 26th CIE Session in Beijing and the extended papers. In the content list the titles are also operational as links. A separate directory includes the photos of the Session.
angle combinations is required. Second, the traditional, CIE recommended colorimetric parameters, while providing correlates of visual percepts, are not able to predict the absolute appearance of a coloured sample: colour appearance models are now able to do this. The measurement of gloss is an established methodology but there is some doubt as to the scientific basis for making the measurements using the present method and attempts are being made to define alternative approaches. The extension of gloss measurement, which is essentially a measurement made at a specific angle depending on the apparent gloss of the sample, to investigate the shape of the gloss peak, should provide more information. Translucency is a subjective term that relates to a scale of values going from total opacity to total transparency. This whole subject area needs investigation to find a rigorous measurement solution that will probably be industry specific. Texture is a harder variable to measure. The advent of digital imaging systems makes the acquisition of images of materials relatively easy, assuming due consideration is given to the resolution of the image capturing device, be it a camera or a scanner. Characterising these images to give accurate CIE based colorimetry is now possible and the application of suitable analysis software should be able to provide measurement scales that relate to the perceived texture. The idea of establishing a series of 'standard' textures has been suggested. The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 92 pages with 41 figures and 4 tables.
The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 52 pages with 8 figures and 10 tables.
Practical Design Guidelines for the Lighting of Sport Events for Colour Television and Filming
CIE 169:2005 ISBN 978 3 901906 44 2
This technical report gives practical guidance to those concerned with the designing and planning of sports facilities where lighting is required to meet the needs of colour television and filming. The report should be read in conjunction with CIE 83-1989, which defines the quantitative lighting requirements. This report is arranged in three main sections: Firstly, there is general guidance on sports lighting design including luminaires and lamp types, calculation methods, and electrical installation. The second section lists 51 sports with specific advice on the lighting of each. The third section gives references to relevant standards and in particular publications in which new sports lighting installations may be described. The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 79 pages with 90 figures and 1 table.
Recommended Practice for Tabulating Spectral Data for Use in Colour Computations
CIE 167:2005 ISBN 978 3 901906 41 1 This technical report describes several difficulties resulting from incompatibility of tables of spectral data used for computations, such as colour computations, with automatic digital computers, and provides guidance in tabulating spectral data to facilitate such applications. The recommended practices, with regard to spectral ranges, spectral intervals, etc., are based on the experience of members of the committee, who were experts in the field of colour measurement and computation. The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 21 pages with 3 figures and 12 tables.
Cognitive Colour
CIE 166:2005 ISBN 978 3 901906 40 4 This report surveys cognitive aspects of colour in terms of behavioural, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological data. Colour is usually defined as a colour stimulus or as perceived colour. In this report the concept of cognitive colour has been discussed in relation to colour categorization, colour coding, colour naming, the Stroop effect, spatial organization of coloured visual objects, visual search, and colour memory. The results show that there are aspects of colour that the CIE definitions of psychophysical and perceived colour do not cover, although it gives notes to some of them. These phenomena could be referred to as "cognitive colour" and they point to the need for a new formal definition of colour in the CIE terminology. Cognitive colour is very important in certain specific tasks. A common property of these tasks is the importance of the economy of cognition of the human brain. It means that perceived colours are represented and stored in a compressed form i.e. as "cognitive colours". This accelerates complex tasks like visual attention, visual search, figural organization, figural segregation, etc. For these tasks, colour appearance models alone, including the calculations recommended for assessing colour appearance and colour differences, may be limited for predicting how an observer will behave in these
complex tasks. We must define cognitive colours by the boundaries of a continuous perceived colour set, or by a "representative item" of this set, and assign a name to the cognitive colour. The final report from the CIE Reportership "Cognitive Aspects of Colour" was published with the title "Cognitive Color" in Color Research and Application, 29(1), pp. 7-19, 2004 and has been reprinted with the kind permission of John Wiley and Sons, Inc. The report is written in English, with a summary in French and German. It consists of 24 pages with 14 coloured figures.
The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 20 pages with 16 figures and 9 tables.
Chromatic Adaptation under Mixed Illumination Condition when Comparing Softcopy and Hardcopy Images
CIE 162:2010 ISBN 978 3 901 906 82 4 The chromatic adaptation transforms (CATs) used in most colour appearance models (CAMs) assume that observers are fully adapted to a given set of viewing conditions. Unfortunately, the condition of complete chromatic adaptation usually does not occur in the consumer market and in more casual industrial use. Instead, these users tend to view softcopy in a room with sufficient ambient illumination to allow comfortable viewing and examination of hardcopy imaging. Further, users often desire to compare hardcopy and softcopy images using rapid successive binocular observations. The focus of this report is to determine how colour imaging experts can best accommodate the desires and practices of these more casual observers. It shows that accounting for mixed and incomplete chromatic adaptation produces more accurate results in colour appearance than not accounting for them. It includes a mathematical model for chromatic adaptation and provides appropriate parameters for the chromatic adaptation model under such viewing conditions. This publication corrects and replaces CIE 162:2004 "Chromatic Adaptation under Mixed Illumination Condition when Comparing Softcopy and Hardcopy Images". To view Erratum 1 please follow this link.
from perceptual attribute correlates. This document outlines a specific colour appearance model, CIECAM02, which may be useful for colour management applications. This model is based on CIECAM97s colour appearance model and consists of a chromatic adaptation transform and equations for computing a set of perceptual attribute correlates. The evolution and application of this colour appearance model are presented. This report replaces CIE 131-1998, The CIE 1997 interim colour appearance model (simple version) CIECAM97s. The Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 22 pages with 1 figure and 7 tables.
into the 21st, mitigation of biological threats in congregate settings within buildings has taken on further significance for UVR air and surface disinfection and decontamination. Additionally, multi-drug resistant strains of airborne infectious agents have been increasing. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most prominent. With 2 billion persons infected and 2 million dying per year, it is the single largest adult killer among infectious diseases. A greater understanding of the potential of UVR air disinfection is needed. This report summarises the present state of knowledge of UVR air disinfection and provides recommendations for future work in research, standardization and testing procedures. The Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 69 pages with 33 figures and 3 tables.
Report on an Intercomparison of the Measurements of the Luminous Flux of High-Pressure Sodium Lamps
CIE 153:2003 ISBN 978 3 901906 23 7 This report summarizes the results of an international intercomparison of measurements of the luminous flux of highpressure sodium discharge lamps. Thirteen laboratories from nine different countries took part in the intercomparison, both lamp manufacturers and national standards laboratories being represented. In view of the complex spectral power distribution of the radiation from this type of lamp, the results of intercomparison show an acceptable level of agreement for lighting applications, nine of the thirteen participants reporting results within 2% of the mean level. The Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 7 pages with 1 figure and 1 table.
erythema, photokeratitis, cataract, and skin cancer. The photobiological effectiveness of ultraviolet radiation at causing a biological effect varies with wavelength, and the variation of a given effectiveness function with wavelength is referred to as the "action spectrum" for that type of effect. When the spectral distribution of sunlight or of an artificial light source is weighted by an action spectrum, the result is the "effective irradiance" of that light source for causing the biological effect. Comparison of the effective irradiances of light sources is a valuable tool for risk assessment. Outdoor solar radiation is the most common source of chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure for the general public. This document lists the effective solar irradiances for various environmental conditions and types of photobiological effects. These effective irradiances at a horizontal ground surface (i.e. the global ultraviolet irradiance) were determined with the use of a multiple scattering model for ultraviolet radiation spectral irradiance. The Technical Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 32 pages with 3 figures and 3 tables.
Guide on the Limitation of the Effects of Obtrusive Light from Outdoor Lighting Installations
CIE 150:2003 ISBN 978 3 901906 19 0 The purpose of this Guide is to help formulate guidelines for assessing the environmental impacts of outdoor lighting and to give recommended limits for relevant lighting parameters to contain the obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting within tolerable levels. As the obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting are best controlled initially by appropriate design, the guidance given is primarily applicable to new installations; however, some advice is also provided on remedial measures which may be taken for existing installations. This Guide refers to the potentially adverse effects of outdoor lighting on both natural and man-made environments for people in most aspects of daily life, from residents, sightseers, transport users to environmentalists and astronomers. (Astronomers also see CIE 126-1997) The daytime appearance of the lighting installation is important. The size and nature of the lighting support structures may be intrusive by day although this subject is not addressed in this Guide. The Technical Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 43 pages with 14 figures and 10 tables.
The research note is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 14 pages with 3 figures and 1 table.
average luminance over the full luminaire area. The technical report consists of 13 pages with 3 figures and 2 tables. This report is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Heinrich D. Einhorn. The following members of TC 3-01 "Discomfort Glare from Small and Large Sources" took part in the preparation of the report (past members in brackets):
defective colour vision B where those with defective colour vision can demonstrate their ability to recognise surface colour codes at a short distance, such as those used on colour coded computer screens. The report also recommends test procedures for the assessment of colour vision. Detailed information on the recommende colour vision tests is given in an appendix. The Technical Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 47 pages, with 10 figures and 2 tables.
The Influence of Daylight and Artificial Light on Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Humans - a Bibliography
CIE 139-2001 ISBN 978 3 901906 04 6 In recent years, the study of the psychobiological effects of light has come forth as an important subfield of lighting research. This final report of TC 6-16 consists of an alphabetically ordered bibliography with 1100 entries and a basic list of 120 key words. The bibliography deals with the impact of light, both natural and artificial, upon the biological clock. The effects cited include physiological variations between day and night, during the menstrual cycle, and during the different seasons of the year. Also included are psychological variations in emotional tone and alertness, as well as pre-menstrual tension and seasonal affective disorder. The selection of references has been restricted almost exclusively to research on humans. The bibliography covers the following topics:
The Biological Clock Melatonin and Cortisol Shift Work and Jet Lag Seasonality in Hormones Seasonal Affective Disorder Light Therapy Other Kinds of Seasonality Premenstrual Syndrome Windowless Environments Lighting Characteristics Individual and Group Differences Confounding Factors The printed Bibliography consists of 68 pages. Alternatively to the printed list, the data are also available as a database on disk, in Microsoft Access 97 format, so that people having this program installed on their computer can easily make queries and use all the search functions provided in this program.
petroleum stocks. Other substances which do not act as photosensitizers, such as immunosuppressants taken by organ transplant recipients, also increase the risk of skin cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires on a caseby-case basis that the risk of enhanced photocarcinogenesis is assessed for many classes of drugs. Health Canada's Therapeutic Products Programme has issued a Notice of Intent to regulate pharmaceutical products which may enhance carcinogenicity of the skin induced by ultraviolet radiation. Other national regulatory agencies review such data when they exist, but their own requirements emphasize batteries of short-term in vitro and in vivo tests. While they may support drug development strategies, short term tests have yet to be validated as predictors of the ability of drugs or chemicals to enhance photocarcinogenesis. Published protocols now describe study designs and procedures capable of determining whether test agents enhance the rate of formation of UVR-induced skin tumors.
CIE Collection 1999: Vision and Colour, Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation
CIE 135-1999 ISBN 978 3 900734 97 8 This volume contains short Technical Reports and Research Notes prepared by various Technical Committees and Reporters within CIE Division 1 and 2. 135/1 Disability glare> On the basis of a preceding theoretical analysis of experimental data on disability glare published in CIE Collection (Vos and Van den Berg, 1997), resulting in a complete glare equation covering the full 0 to 100 glare angle range, three simplified glare equations are presented, each of them defined for a more restricted glare angle domain. This
ensemble of three equations together is recommended to define a CIE Standard Glare Observer; the most simple one, the Age Adapted Stiles-Holladay Equation, will suffice for most circumstances of daily practice. This report was prepared by J.J. Vos, The Netherlands (TC 1-18 Chairman) 135/2 Colour rendering, closing remarks The CIE "Test method to calculate a colour rendering index" has a long and complicated history. After first publishing a method in 1965 and updating it in 1974, it was soon realised that further amendments would be necessary. A TC worked on the subject in the 1980s, but had to be closed without any definite recommendation due to disagreements among the TC Members. A second trial was started after the 1991 Quadrennial Meeting. This TC worked - under various chairmen - for about six years, but again it had to be closed without producing a definite recommendation, although this time TC Members agreed in a number of questions. This report summarizes those items where TC Members could agree and highlights also those questions where no consensus could be reached. To the latter category two groups of questions belong: items where it is hoped that CIE will come up very soon with further recommendations that should be incorporated in a colour rendering calculation (e.g. new chromatic adaptation transformation) and items where a political decision of the lamp manufacturers is needed, as a change in the calculation method necessarily will favour one lamp spectrum compared to that of an other. The present closing remarks document summarizes the items discussed by the TC during the past decade, states those items where a consensus could be formed and pinpoints questions where further research is needed to reach consensus. 135/3 Virtual metamers for assessing the quality of simulators of CIE illuminant D50 (Supplement 1-1999 to CIE 51-1981) CIE 51-1981 describes a method of assessing the quality of simulators of CIE illuminants D55, D65, and D75 (various phases of daylight), for colour measuring instruments, visual appraisal and matching of colours. The spectral power distribution of the simulator is measured and the departure from the ideal distribution is computed, in terms of chromaticity differences between virtual metameric pairs that match under the ideal CIE illuminant. CIE illuminant D50 is simulated for use in photography and colour printing. This supplement provides the virtual metamers needed to apply the method of assessment to D50 simulators. 135/4 Some recent developments in colour-difference evaluation A compressed overview is given of developments in colour-difference evaluation that trace back to the early beginnings by MacAdam. The correlation of colorimetric measures of coloured samples with judgements on small colour differences follows normal statistics, but in a three-dimensional space. A wide diversity of experimental conditions in investigations of the colour-difference effect made comparisons of different studies troublesome. Some external influential factors could be identified. Recently developed data sets resulted from much better control of experimental conditions. They form a new basis for deriving colour difference formulae. The CIE is the international body to encourage field research for optimising new colour-difference formulae. The various stages for recommending formulae and exchanging extensive investigation documents make a close link between practitioners and theorists, however, in general industrialists have a faster response. Nonetheless, the CIE still remains the mother-body for international discussion and agreement. Recent developments in colour-difference evaluation show an acceleration of the work of CIE TCs. Their studies first improved the CIELAB-formula, and second now try to fill the gap between the CIE94 and the older CMC(l:c) solutions. A new idea is introduced to optimise the formalism of a formula not at the components of differential terms, but at the co-ordinates which keeps the vector definition of colour-difference as in the CIELABformula. An international discussion is proposed on this aspect as a forthcoming step to further improvement of colourdifference evaluation. 135/5 Visual adaptation to complex luminance distribution One of the most important and difficult tasks in evaluation of perceived brightness in everyday circumstances is to assess what level the visual system adapts to. Especially, this is an inevitable process when putting the new photometric system into practice. In the present report, several studies are reviewed, and tasks and problems of the prospective TC are discussed. Although many studies of brightness perception are potentially related to the matter of adaptation level, we can find no literature in which the issue is discussed explicitly. All what we can do now is to encourage investigators to carry out research concerning the level of visual adaptation not only in experimental conditions but also in natural and complex environments. 135/6 45/0 Spectral reflectance factors of pressed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder (Reprint of NIST Technical Note 1413) Pressed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder is used for 45/0 reflectance factor standards. The radiometric and spectrophotometric measurement community such as the Council for Optical Radiation Measurements (CORM) has demonstrated the need for such a standard and its application to quality control and quality assessment. This publication briefly describes the instrumentation used for the 45/0 spectral reflectance factor measurements of pressed PTFE powder from 380 nm to 770 nm. Also, the variations of 45/0 reflectance factor with sample preparation and materials
are discussed. The expanded uncertainty at a coverage factor of two for the 45/0 reflectance factors of pressed PTFE powder ranges from 0,009 to 0,017. The publication contains also abridged abstracts of CIE Publications prepared within Division 1 and 2. These reports are written in English, with short summaries in French and German. The publication contains 78 pages.
Proceedings of the 24th Session of the CIE - Warsaw, Poland, 24 - 30 June, 1999
CIE 133-1999 ISBN 978 3 900734 93 0 Vol. I (Part 1 and 2):This volume contains on over 700 pages the texts of the Invited Papers, Presented Papers, Presented Posters and Displayed Posters received at the Organising Committee by the deadline for inclusion in the Proceedings, as well as the introductions to the Workshops. Vol. II: The second volume of the Proceedings contains on 164 pages the text of the Welcome Addresses, Officers Reports, Reports from the Closing Ceremony, as well as a list of participants. It presents an overview on the technical work achieved during the quadrennium in the form of Quadrennial Reports, minutes of the Divisional Meetings and Workshop Reports. The Proceedings are also available on a CD-ROM containing all the papers in a searchable form.
measurement are only mentioned in this paper, detailed recommendations or standards are to be sought for in relevant CIE and ISO publications. The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It contains 20 pages.
Measurement of LEDs
CIE 127-2007 ISBN 978 3 901 906 58 9 This report is an update of the previously published CIE Technical Report CIE 127-1997. There are significant differences between LEDs and other light sources which made it necessary for the CIE to introduce new quantities for their characterization with precisely defined measurement conditions. New quantities introduced here are "Averaged LED Intensity" and "Partial LED Flux". The report describes in detail the measurement conditions for ALI (Averaged LED Intensity), Total and Partial LED Flux and Spectral Power Distribution. It is shown that measurements by substitution method using LED standards can be simpler; however it is important to compare similar coloured LEDs or use colour correction on the measurement results. The standard LEDs need to be calibrated by National Metrology Laboratories or a laboratory traceable to National Metrology Laboratories. The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 38 pages with 15 figures.
250 nm and 400 nm. A CIE erythema action spectrum was proposed in 1987 but no erythemal quantity and radiometric equivalence was agreed till up to now. The term minimal erythema dose (MED) has been used widely as a 'measure' of erythemal radiation. This is unreasonable because the MED is not a standard measure of anything but, on the contrary, encompasses the variable nature of individual sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Variables which affect the MED include optical and radiometric characteristics of the source; determinants of the exposure such as dose increment and field size; nature of the skin such as pigmentation, previous light exposure, and anatomical site; and observational factors such as definition of the end point, time of reading after exposure, and ambient illumination. To avoid further confusing misuse of the term MED, we propose that this term be reserved solely for observational studies in humans and other animals, and that a new term, the standard erythema dose (SED) be used as a standardised measure of erythemogenic UV radiation. The present report proposes also its numerical value: 1 SED is equivalent to an erythemal effective radiant exposure of 100 Jm-2. The Technical Report provides the background of this proposal, the definitions are summarised in an accompanying standard.This publication contains 7 pages and is written in English with a summary in French and German.
124/1 TC 1-31 Report: Colour notations and colour order systems ISO/TC 187 requested the CIE to address some issues related to the question of international standardisation of a colour-order system and to report its conclusions.
In response to that request, CIE TC1-31 Colour Notations and Colour-Order Systems was formed by Division 1 of the CIE. Main conclusions reached in the Technical Committee are: a) CIE started work on the definition of new terms pertaining to visual perception. b) There is no known way to establish congruence between colour-order systems based on different underlying principles. The essential differences among systems would be clarified by the adoption of appropriate terminology. c) The committee finds no theoretical or other basis for regarding one system as better than all others. The systems satisfy different artistic, intellectual, scientific, or practical needs. d) All of the major colour-order systems have been found useful, helpful, and broadly applicable in art and industry. e) The CIE does not at the present time support the international standardisation of a colour-order system.
It summarises the features of the major diseases causing partial sight. It also reviews some studies that have been undertaken into the effects of light on refraction, accommodation and ocular movement, and of its effects on visual functions such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field and colour vision. A section is devoted to the lighting aspects of visual aids, such as neutral and selective absorbing glasses, light amplification systems, high power additions, magnifiers, telescopes, closed circuit television systems, etc. Finally, detailed recommendations are made for the adaptation of a range of lighting environments to the needs of the partially sighted. The publication contains 157 pages, and is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. This report is also available as a CD-ROM.
The Relationship Between Digital and Colorimetric Data for Computer-Controlled CRT Displays
CIE 122-1996 ISBN 978 3 900734 77 0 This technical report describes instrumentation and accuracy requirements appropriate for the measurement of the spectral and colorimetric characteristics of computer-controlled CRT displays. The relationship between digital and both spectral and colorimetric data is described based on the generic signal processing and electronics of this technology. A practical methodology is described to characterise the colorimetric properties of a computer-controlled CRT. A worked example supplements the described methodology. This Technical Report is written in English with a short summary in French and German. It contains 30 pages, with 4 figures and 7 tables.
The Photometry and Goniophotometry of Luminaires - Supplement 1: Luminaires for Emergency Lighting
CIE 121-SP1:2009 ISBN 978 3 901906 77 0 This report provides information regarding the photometric measurements of emergency lighting luminaires. It is the intention of this document to provide measurement methods for testing the compliance of emergency luminaires with the photometric requirements of IEC safety standards IEC 60598-2-22 and IEC 61347-2-7 issued by IEC/TC34 "Lamps and related equipment". Photometric methods for the measurement of other photometric parameters currently in use are also provided, but the measurement of safety signs is not included. Measurement procedures relate to the editions in use at the date of publication of this report and may vary for future editions. It is the responsibility of the laboratory to check for current applicable procedures. The concept of emergency ballast lumen factor applies only to emergency luminaires equipped with classical discharge lamps and for which a reference ballast has been normalised. For LED luminaires mostly absolute values apply, not related to the luminous flux of the LEDs alone. The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 19 pages with 1 table. This publication is a supplement to CIE 121:1996.
118/4 CIE Guidelines for co-ordinated research on evaluation of colour appearance models for reflection print and self-luminous display image comparisons
This Communication was published in Colour Research & Applications 19/I, 48-58, 1994. The goal of CIE TC 1-27, Specification of Colour Appearance for Reflective Media and Self-Luminous Display
Comparisons, is to gather as much data from as many different sources as possible for the evaluation of colorimetric and colour appearance models used to create visual matches for self-luminous display (softcopy) and reflection print (hardcopy) image comparisons. Visual results will be compared to predicted results expressed in terms of standard colorimetric CIELAB and CIELUV equations, modifications of CIELAB and CIELUV equations, and the more current colour appearance models proposed by Dr. Robert W. G. Hunt and Dr. Yoshinobu Nayatani and coworkers. We hope to determine which approach, i.e. a standard colorimetric one, a modified colorimetric one or a colour appearance one, is the best for predicting perceptual results of image comparisons between hardcopy reflective and softcopy self-luminous media. A similar effort was undertaken by Dr. Alan Robertson in the area of Colour-Difference Evaluation. Dr. Robertson's efforts were successful in that many different data sets were generated and people began thinking about colourdifference evaluation in new ways. Our Technical Committee efforts will be viewed as successful if a variety of data sets are received allowing us to evaluate results with traditional and non-traditional colour science models. These guidelines will outline experimental set-up procedures, psychophysical experimental methods for the visual assessments, colour measurement procedures, data analysis and colour specification requirements for the evaluation of a common image produced on a self-luminous display and a reflection print. The experimental design defines the reflection print image as the reference colour original and the self-luminous display image must be designed to visually match that reflection print original. These guidelines have been developed in the hopes that other colour scientists, particularly those working in the area of hardcopy (reflection prints) and softcopy (self-luminous displays) matching can conduct coordinated research according to any of the prescribed techniques to generate data that may serve as input to the CIE TC 1-27 evaluation of various colour science models for these applications.
118/7 CIE Guidelines for co-ordinated future work on industrial colour-difference evaluation
(to be also published in Color Res. & Appl.) Recent results of research work on colour-difference evaluation are reviewed in reports of two CIE Technical Committees, however, a global solution of the problem is still lacking. Therefore, guidelines for planning new research work are included in those reports. Here, these guidelines are explained and extended to stimulate new studies in a coordinated way which could improve modelling of colour-difference evaluation for industrial application. This report was prepared by K. Witt, Germany The publication contains also abstracts of 20 CIE Publications dealing with colour and vision. The Technical Collection is written in English, with short summaries in French and German. It consists of 65 pages.
on Interior Lighting. The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It contains 39 pages, with 16 figures and 18 tables.
Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic
CIE 115-1995 ISBN 978 3 900734 59 6 The purpose of this report is to update CIE 12.2, Recommendations for the lighting of roads for motorized traffic and to add recommendations for the lighting of conflict areas and roads frequented by pedestrians and other users. CIE 12.2 was issued in 1977 and since that time much experience, worldwide, has been gained in the application of the luminance concept for the lighting of roads for motor traffic. This experience is reflected in this revision. Conflict areas, where there is an increased potential for accidents to occur, are given detailed treatment. A classification system for these areas is introduced and recommendations are made in terms of the luminance of the road surface, but alternative recommendations in terms of illuminance on the road are given for applications where it is impracticable to use the luminance concept. Recommendations for the lighting of pedestrian areas are given in terms of illuminance and to aid selection of the appropriate level a classification system for these areas is introduced. Two relatively new concepts, those of Small Target Visibility and semi-cylindrical Illuminance, are discussed. In conformity with the most recent CIE practice, recommendations are based on maintained lighting levels and lighting quality. In essence this implies that performance must not fall below the prescribed limits, which are minima, for the life of the installation. The Technical Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It contains 25 pages and 7 tables.
114/1 Survey of reference materials for testing the performance of spectrophotometers and colorimeters
This Research Note was originally published in CIE-Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, 23-31, 1987. A list of reference materials for testing the performance of spectrophotometers and colorimeters are given. Particular attention is paid to materials for the measurement of regular transmittance and for regular (specular) and diffuse reflectance. Materials for the calibration of wavelength scales and the measurement of stray light are also included. No examples were found of reference materials for the measurement of diffuse transmittance. Information on type of materials, suppliers, sizes available and calibration details is supplied.
Report of results and conclusions. This Research Note was originally published in CIE-Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 21-28, 1988. Between 1978 and 1982, CIE TC 2-09 conducted an international intercomparison to assess the accuracy of transmittance measurements. Sixteen laboratories, including eleven national standardizing laboratories, took part in the intercomparison. Twelve sets of filters were used, each consisting of nine glass filters. The filters were selected so that the repeatability, linearity, wavelength accuracy, and stray light of the measurements could be characterized.
Glare Evaluation System for Use within Outdoor and Area Lighting
CIE 112-1994 ISBN 978 3 900734 55 8 This technical report describes a practical glare evaluation system for outdoor sports- and area lighting. The system can be used both for checking the glare situation of existing installations, provided suitable measuring instrumentation is available, and for predicting the degree of glare at the design stage for new installations, but the validity of the system is restricted to viewing directions below eye level. For the main categories of these applications, general glare rating limits are specified. The report concerns glare and glare restriction in, or very close to, the lighted area and not the effect of spill light outside this area. The quality of most lighting installations can be expressed in terms of average lighting levels, uniformities and glare restriction. There has not, until now, been a generally accepted glare evaluation system for outdoor areas. The glare concepts, "threshold increment TI" and "glare control mark G" , commonly used in road lighting for motorised traffic, cannot be applied directly for area lighting. This is because the direction of view of observers is variable and not fixed; the lighting points are not necessarily positioned in regular line arrays; and the mounting heights and lighting levels are often outside the ranges for which the road lighting concepts have validity.
The degree to which a lighting installation causes glare depends upon the luminous intensity distribution and aiming of the luminaires, their number, their arrangement and mounting height and on the brightness of the illuminated area. This report describes and recommends for practical use, a glare evaluation system that takes into account all the above factors. The system is based on extensive field tests and has shown its applicability in different installations of adequate uniformity due to common specifications. It is assumed that the problem of intolerable glare experienced, when looking up and straight into a luminaire, is kept to a minimum by paying careful attention to the siting of the luminaires relative to the main directions of view. CIE reports on the lighting of the various kinds of floodlighting application fields give guidance in this respect. Before a glare evaluation concept can be employed as a practical aid in lighting design, it is necessary to agree on standard observer positions and viewing directions. Standard positions and directions are specified with the intention of getting information on both the highest degree of glare and on the size of the area with a relatively high degree of glare. For the ain categories of outdoor area lighting installations, general glare restriction limits are specified. The Technical Report contains 14 pages, with 6 figures and 3 tables.
A Method of Predicting Corresponding Colours under Different Chromatic and Illuminance Adaptations
CIE 109-1994 ISBN 978 3 900734 51 0 The technical report CIE 109-1994 describes a method for predicting various effects of chromatic adaptation over a wide range of adapting illuminant and illuminance conditions. These effects are estimated using corresponding colours. The computational procedure and applicable conditions are also included. The method should only be used for object colour samples. This method was previously proposed for study by the CIE in 1986 and is presented here with the purpose of incorporating recent extensions. In addition, the procedures are given for excluding systematic errors found in the experimental determinations of corresponding colours. The corresponding colours are defined as a pair of samples that would elicit the same colour appearance when one sample is viewed under one illumination condition, and the other under a different illumination condition; corresponding colours are always expressed in terms of two sets of tristimulus values. This is an asymmetric colour matching situation, where "asymmetry" is caused by different illumination conditions. The mathematical model for predicting the corresponding colours is known as a chromatic adaptation transform. The present method is not a CIE recommendation. It is always to be expected that the method reported by the CIE will be tested by future observation, experimentation, and theoretical study. The chromatic adaptation transform presented in this report will also be tested by future studies, including those since 1986. This technical report contains 18 pages, with 3 figures and 2 tables. At the time of publishing above technical report, CIE-CB publishes two computer programs for personal computers running under DOS or MS-WINDOWS* on its disk D007 Rel. 1.0-1994. Both versions of the program enable the calculation of the corresponding colour. The test and reference illuminant chromaticities and illuminances as well as the luminance factor of the background can be userdefined. D007 is available as 3,5" or a CD-ROM, to be used under DOS/WINDOWS operating system.
Review of the Official Recommendations of the CIE for the Colours of Signal Lights
CIE 107-1994 ISBN 978 3 900734 49 7 This Technical Report reviews the CIE international recommendations for the colours of signal lights. The CIE recommendations for signal colours were first adopted in 1951 and were revised in 1975. They have not since been subject to critical review in the light of new experimental evidence and changed technology. Published and unpublished reports of experiments on the recognition of signal colours were compiled and analysed. The data from those reports were brought on to a common base for dim signals, moderately bright signals and bright signals under conditions simulating both night and day observation. Some of the experiments included subjects with defective colour vision. Consideration of the data by the Committee and its expert advisors has lead to a number of recommendations for changes to the internationally accepted colour domains for signal colours, notably: 1. Restriction of the yellow boundary of red, abandonment of the restricted purple boundary of red and redefinition of the recommended red in signal systems used by persons with defective colour vision; 2. Substantial re-definition of the colour domain for yellow including the definition of special domains for yellow signals of high and low illuminance;
3. 4. 5. 6.
Restriction of the boundaries of the colour domain for green; Amendment of the colour domain for white including the definition of a preferred domain and a secondary domain that can be used when there is little chance of confusion with white lights; Restricting the green and white boundaries of blue to enhance recognition as well as defining a more desaturated blue that can be used when there is little chance of confusion with white and a special domain to be used for low illuminance blue signals; Recommending the abandonment of violet as a signal colour.
Based on this report CIE will publish an International Standard on "Colours of Signal Lights". The publication contains 42 pages, 14 figures and 6 tables.
106/2 Photokeratitis
This Research Note was originally published in CIE-Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, 19-23, 1986.Ultraviolet radiation may cause photokeratitis, a painful inflammation of the cornea of the eye. The spectral responsivity for photokeratitis - the action spectrum - follows a characteristic curve, the maximum of which lies at 288 nm according to Coga and Kinsey, at 270 nm according to Pitts et al. The threshold dose is between 50 and 100 J/m2. The threshold exposure times are evaluated, within the range of validity of Bunsen-Roscoe law, for some sources. The data obtained by various authors are compared and the discrepancies are discussed.
106/3 Photoconjunctivitis
This Research Note was originally published in CIE-Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, 24-28, 1986. Ultraviolet radiation can cause photoconjunctivitis, a painful inflammation of the conjunctiva, the tissue coating the eyelid and part of the eyeball. The spectral responsivity of photoconjunctivitis - the action spectrum - follows a characteristic curve, whose maximum lies, according to Schulze, at 260 nm, and resembles closely the absorption spectrum of DNA damage . The threshold radiant exposure (threshold dose) is about 50 J/m2. The opinion expressed by several authors, that the same action spectrum should exist for photoconjunctivitis and photokeratitis, cannot be shared by CIE Division 6, since the cornea and the conjunctiva of the human eye are different from both anatomical and histological standpoints.
106/4 A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin
This Research Note was originally published in CIE-Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, 17-22, 1987.Erythemal action spectra have been the subject of experimental and theoretical interest for over 50 years. CIE considered the adoption of the so-called standard erythemal curve based on the results of the work by Coblentz in 1934. Although apparently never "officially" adopted by the CIE this curve is frequently cited and used in comparative studies of the erythemal efficacy of light sources. There are apparently substantial differences between the data determined recently and those represented by the "standard erythemal curve". CIE Division 6 proposed a reference action spectrum based on a statistical analysis of the results of minimum erythemal dose (MED) studies. The data contained in the action spectrum should be used only as spectral weighting factors to indicate the approximate relative erythemal efficacy of a light source (between 250 and 400 nm). The proposed action spectrum takes safety aspects of radiation into account. Apart from this, Division 6 considers adopting a "photobiologically realistic" action spectrum.
A wider range of practical experimental work in this area is reviewed in the article and its references. What becomes clear is the absence of direct correlation between photosynthesis intensity and plant productivity. The report concludes that the principles that have been established need to be extended by a search for the optical radiation parameters for all "photobiological receptors", i.e., plants.
103/3 Reference Action Spectra for Ultraviolet Induced Erythema and Pigmentation of Different Human Skin Types
Increasing public awareness of acute cutaneous UV reactions created the need to evaluate UV induced erythema and pigmentation for any UV sources without carrying out time consuming and expensive experiments. A practical method is to convolute the spectral power distribution of the UV source with an action spectrum. For white people with sensitive skin as well as for people with normal skin reactions action spectra for erythema and pigmentation are expressed as sets of exponential equations. When displayed on a log-linear scale each of the four action spectra consists of three straight lines. These action spectra together with their threshold doses can be used easily to evaluate mathematically the photobiological effects of erythema and pigmentation for different skin types. This can save time and money if natural respectively artificial UV emitting sources have to be compared.
103/4 Biologically Effective Emissions and Hazard Potential of Desk-Top Luminaires Incorporating Tungsten Halogen Lamps
The contents of this report represent the combined efforts of the members of TC 6-18 in respect of investigations, both dosimetric and dermatological, concerning the potentially hazardous emissions of tungsten halogen lamps. The results of these investigations are presented as measurement data for a number of desk-top luminaires using tungsten halogen lamps and an analysis of potential hazards to the unprotected skin and eyes and details of a dermatological study of the induction of erythema in humans
Mathematical curve fitting has been carried out on the deterioration functions given in CIE 97 for lamp lumen maintenance factor, lamp survival and luminaire maintenance factor, modified exponential functions of the form y = u+(1-u)e-pt proving a good fit in all cases. Formulae have been developed for the annual cost of operating (ACO) lighting systems designed using each of four different types of maintenance programme (a) bulk relamping and bulk cleaning, (b) bulk plus spot relamping and bulk cleaning, (c) spot relamping and bulk cleaning, (d) spot relamping and simultaneous spot cleaning. Where bulk relamping or bulk luminaire cleaning is involved, the maintenance periods which result in the lowest ACO are all shown to be equal to (r-D)1/2, where r is the ratio of the cost of that particular maintenance exercise to the other annual costs of operating the system and D is the initial rate of deterioration of lamp or luminaire output. Illustrative costings, optimised where appropriate, are computed for each type of maintenance programme for two different types of installation to show that no one programme will invariably lead to the lowest annual cost.
Chapter four discusses visibility models and their potential uses. The final chapter suggests methods for improving road design for nighttime conditions. Design elements discussed include public and vehicular lighting, the use of retroreflective materials and the use of self-luminous signals. The report contains 70 pages, 9 figures and 8 tables, and a detailed bibliography.
CIE 97-2005 ISBN 978 3 901906 45 9 During the life of a lighting installation, the light available for the task progressively decreases due to accumulation of dirt on surface and aging of equipment. The rate of reduction is influenced by the equipment choice and the environmental and operating conditions. In lighting scheme design we must take account of this fall by the use of a maintenance factor and plan suitable maintenance schedules to limit the decay. Lighting standard "ISO 8995/CIE S 008-2001 Lighting of Indoor Workplaces" in Section 4.8, recommends a minimum maintenance factor. It states that "The lighting scheme should be designed with overall maintenance factor calculated for the selected lighting equipment, space environment and specified maintenance schedule". A high maintenance factor together with an effective maintenance programme promotes energy efficient design of lighting schemes and limits the installed lighting power requirements. This revision of the guide describes the parameters influencing the depreciation process and develops the procedure for estimating the maintenance factor for indoor electric lighting systems. It provides information on the selection of equipment and the estimation of economic maintenance cycles and gives advice on servicing techniques. It shows some examples of data but for accurate data it recommends that data should be obtained from the manufacturers. This guide replaces CIE 97-1992 "Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systems". It is written in English, with a short summary in French and German, consists of 34 pages with 13 figures and 6 tables.
The purpose of this Guide from CIE Technical Committee TC 5-06 is to provide information on how to use exterior lighting for the decoration of the night-time urban landscape. Of the many applications of lighting in an urban environment, this Guide deals with those having a purely aesthetic and decorative purpose. Such lighting can be used every night, as is often the case in the lighting of monuments, public art, commercial buildings, or used only periodically on the occasion of a festival or public gathering. The lighting of natural sites, parks, and gardens is also dealt with in this Guide. Permanent lighting for traffic or public safety, although affecting the quality of a city's night time ambience, is not dealt with in the Guide. This Guide provides tools for the exterior lighting designer and ideas for the town architect. For those who have to make the decisions on expenditure, this Guide explains the possibilities of combining outdoor beautification with economical and energy friendly decorative lighting. This Guide is written for the non-expert reader who is interested only in the broad technicalities of the subject and who wishes to be able to understand what an expert may tell him. The publication contains 74 pages, 37 figures and 2 tables.
for the intercomparison by NIST, Approximately two thirds of the laboratories reported response values which agreed with the NIST values to within +/- 1,0 % at the two wavelengths of 488 and 633 nm.
CIE 84-1989 ISBN 978 3 900734 21 3 This technical report defines the terminology required for luminous flux measurements. It then deals with the principles of luminous flux measurements and describes methods for the evaluation of the illuminance distribution, the measurement of luminous flux by means of an integrating sphere photometer and the determination of luminous flux via luminance, luminous intensity and luminance measurements. The report is based on and replaces CIE 25-1973, Procedures for the measurement of luminous flux of discharge lamps and for their calibration as working standards, and on the conclusions of the CIE-Symposium on light and radiation measurement '81. The terminology follows that in the International Lighting Vocabulary. The publication contains 58 pages, with 9 figures.
Guide for the Lighting of Sports Events for Colour Television and Film Systems (2nd edition)
CIE 83-1989 ISBN 978 3 900734 20 6 The present Guide is an extended and revised edition of CIE 28-1975 The lighting of sports events for colour TV broadcasting. The recording, transmission and reproduction of sporting action has expanded rapidly in recent years. The number of different sports covered has increased and indeed many sports have increased in popularity as a result of TV exposure. To a greater extent, also, television and film are operating under artificial lighting: outdoor sports are being played in the evenings under floodlights and more indoor sports are attracting the attention of television. The electronic television camera and associated video recording is now the principal medium of the cameraman. This report therefore, concentrates on the lighting requirements for colour television, but indicates where these requirements will differ for film recordings. The aim of this report is to give a broad survey of the technical characteristics of the television and film reproduction process and explain why different lighting levels are needed for different sports and for different camera situations. Detailed quantitative guidance is given on the quality aspects to be fulfilled for colour television and colour film coverage of a wide variety of sports events. The quality aspects dealt with are: vertical illuminance level and uniformity, relation between horizontal and vertical illuminance, uniformity of horizontal illuminance, flicker, colour temperature and colour rendering of the lighting and finally light level on the surrounding spectators areas. As an addition to the present Guide, TC 5-11 is preparing a Technical Report giving a comprehensive guide to the layout of sports lighting installations that fulfill the quality requirements specified in the present Publication. The present Guide contains 19 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables.
"cut-out" figures that are used with traffic lights. The information given in the Guide is classified at four levels of confidence, which depend upon supporting research or practical experience. These levels are called: Recommendations Proposals Advice Suggestions The Guide contains detailed information regarding the colour for traffic lights. Current CIE practice is followed, although in some cases restricted chromaticity regions are recommended. Details are given in the luminous intensities and the luminous intensity distributions. In most cases, day and night regimes will be required. Additionally, data regarding luminance and uniformity of luminance are given. Remarks are made regarding sun phantom, measurement of lights, screening of lights, the influence of disturbing factors and the standardization of appearance. The Guide contains information on a number of particular lights, lights on high speed roads, the size and shape of arrows and their symbols, notably for lights for cyclists and pedestrians, low mounted lights, lane indicators, general warning lights, lights for special purposes, and optically programmed lights. The publication contains 23 pages, 4 figures and 3 tables.
9. Various binocular brightness, interocular effects colour, Helmholz, Kohlrausch, Troxler's effect special apparatus This publication contains 173 pages.
SRFs among samples is, however, quite large, varying from 11,4% to 33,6%. These results include correction for integrating-sphere-efficiency effects where this geometry was used. The conclusion drawn from the intercomparison and the evaluation of the different data reduction and correction procedures described in the literature is that no officially agreed CIE recommendation should be formulated at this time. The report has been presentedfor study and use. The readers will find, however, a number of methods in this publication, by the application of which their measurement results can be made more accurate. The publication contains 68 pages and 29 tables.
Spectral Luminous Efficiency Functions Based upon Brightness Matching for Monochromatic Point Sources 2 and 10 Fields
CIE 75-1988 ISBN 978 3 900734 11 4 In CIE 41-1978 a difference was clearly shown to exist between the luminous efficiency function of the CIE, V(lambda), and the function obtained by the direct heterochromatic brightness matching method, the efficiency of the latter being much higher than that of the former at both long and short wavelengths when both functions were normalized at 570 nm. This Technical Report summarizes spectral luminous efficiency functions based on heterochromatic brightness matching for point sources, 2 and 10 fields. Their averaged functions are derived with the intention that they be used to evaluate the luminous efficiency for the brightness of monochromatic lights. These functions could be used as the basis for further work to evaluate light sources with compound spectra. The spectral luminous efficiency function for a point source may be adequately represented by the Judd modified V(lambda) function. The spectral luminous efficiency functions for the brightness of a 2 field and a 10 field at photopic levels are different from the CIE V(lambda) function and are tabulated in the Technical Report. These functions should be used only to evaluate the luminous efficiencies of monochromatic light sources in terms of their brightnesses. Further work utilizing these functions is required to evaluate lights with compound spectra with allowance for additivity failure. CIE 75-1988 is a Technical Report written in Englishi with a short summary in English, French and German. It consists of 20 pages with 6 figures and 8 tables.
Roadsigns
CIE 74-1988 ISBN 978 3 900734 10 7 The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide information that will be relevant to an understanding of roadsigns for road traffic guidance. The report is restricted to matters that are of direct concern to the road user, and it is not concerned with any engineering aspects of signs. The first part of the report gives a review in general terms of subjects related to the visual effectiveness of signs. The chapter on information processing demonstrates the complexity of the traffic situation and the driving task. The discussion of four aspects: conspicuity, legibility, comprehensibility and credibility lead the user of the report to a general understanding of all aspects required for a user's perception of signs. Many investigations have been made into the factors likely to influence the perception of road signs. An extensive chapter discusses these particular roadsigns aspects as seen from a practical point of view. In this chapter again, the four aspects of conspicuity, legibility, comprehensibility and credibility are shown to be basic. Variable message signs (VMS) are the subject of a separate chapter. While the development of these signs is still progressing a state-of-the-art is provided. In the last section of the report a number of different subjects are discussed, including retroreflection, influence of environmental conditions, and the maintenance of signs. The publication contains 144 pages, 36 figures and 15 tables.
Principles of information transfer and optical guidance of traffic by road markings. Road markings must satisfy functional requirements, especially with regard to their light-technical properties. 2. Requirements for road markings and raised pavement markers for day and night-time driving. A detailed mathematical treatment is given which deals with the distances from which road markings are visible. 3. Importance of glass beads for night time visibility and their application in road markings. The behavior of beaded paints under traffic wear is discussed. 4. Products and materials used for markings, including center and edge lines. The influence of the road surface and its temperature changes on daytime visibility is described. 5. Photometry and colorimetry of road markings. Various terms are defined, and methods of laboratory and field measurements are described. Two commonly used measurement geometries are described, and a mathematical transformation between the angular coordinates systems of road lighting and retroreflection is given. It is shown that most retroreflectometers used today are working with simplified geometries that do not allow direct conclusions about real parameters. New portable reflectometers for satisfactory measurements on profiled road markings are needed. Also needed are instruments for measuring daytime visibility of road markings under diffuse illumination and grazing direction of observation. The publication contains 60 pages, 27 figures and 8 tables.
1.
Methods of calibration are given and sources of errors are described. Several properties which determine the performance of photometers can be characterized numerically. However, it has not been found possible to quantify some others. The report is intended to be a guide for those wishing to perform light measurements or to judge the quality of instruments. It is not intended for the casual buyer and user of such instruments. The report is in English, with a summary in English, French and German. It consists of 43 pages, 15 figures and 2 tables.
Guide for the Photometric Specification and Measurement of Sports Lighting Installations
CIE 67-1986 ISBN 978 3 900734 02 2 The purpose of this report is to establish standard procedures for the calculation, measurement, and reporting of the illuminance characteristics of interior and exterior sports lighting installations. These procedures make it possible to compare the performance of alternative lighting systems on a common basis at the design stage of the project, and to relate it directly to on-site illuminance measurements of the completed lighting installation. A number of alternative approaches are given which allow the user or specifier to select a procedure suited to a particular project. The publication contains 18 pages and 6 figures.
This Technical Report outlines procedures for determining the spectral responsivity function of photodetectors. It contains two parts: 1. Determination of the relative spectral responsivity function. Various methods are presented and instrumental details are discussed. Sources of errors are listed together with diagnostic tests and proposals for remedial action. 2. Absolute calibration Three different methods are presented for transforming relative spectral data into absolute values. The report is intended to serve as a guide in assembling, testing, or modifying new or existing instruments. Its purpose is to describe options in the development of instrumentation, not to present solutions for individual cases. The report consists of 73 pages and 10 figures.
Tunnel Entrance Lighting: A Survey of Fundamentals for Determining the Luminance in the Threshold Zone
CIE 61-1984 ISBN 978 3 901906 71 8 The purpose of this report is to provide information on the lighting requirements for drivers approaching the entrance of a tunnel in daytime. The report is restricted to the first stretch of tunnels, called the threshold zone. The report begins with a review of the fundamental experiments that were the basis of the 1973 CIE recommendations for tunnel lighting, as far as the threshold zone is concerned (see CIE 23-1973 International Recommendations for Motorway Lighting). New investigations are described with which the original fundamental experiments may be applied more realistically. Results of driving experiments in a real tunnel under various lighting conditions are summarized. To complete the description of methods based on visibility, two recently published methods that dispense with the original fundamental experiments are discussed. Finally, mention is made of an approach not directly based on visibility but on traffic flow. The report does not give a straightforward answer to all problems related to the lighting of threshold zones of tunnels. It summarizes the state of the art and, as such, will form the background for future tunnel lighting recommendations. The publication contains 80 pages, 29 figures and 2 tables.
CIE 60-1984 ISBN 978 963 7251 07 8 The introduction of Visual Display Units (VDU's) into every day working life has often led to complaints of poor working conditions. The report is concerned with the visual aspects of VDU work as these have been the cause of some of the complaints. The first part of the report examines the nature of VDU work. It is concluded that the visual tasks undertaken by VDU operators are essentially similar to conventional office work. However, the quality of the VDU display and the interaction of the display with the keyboard and any source documents, and with the visual environment in which the VDU is placed, can have important effects on the visual difficulty and hence performance of the task. The second part of the report discusses the health aspects of VDU work. It is concluded that the most commonly occurring health aspects are some form of eyestrain and occasional aches and pains. The possibility that electromagnetic radiations emitted from VDU's may cause cataracts is dismissed. The third part of the report considers the visual requirements of VDU work in three sections: the VDU itself, the visual environment in which it is placed and the visual capabilities required of a VDU operator. Detailed advice is given on suitable display and keyboard characteristics, on overcoming the problem of luminance imbalance and high luminance reflections in interiors and on such visual capabilities as the distances over which accomodation is necessary. The report is completed by a checklist which can be used to assess VDU installations. The document consists of 33 pages and 13 figures.
Ways of judging the significance of less important aspects are suggested. These include: effect of modulated radiation; influence of polarization; non-uniform response; detector instability; zero drift. The report deals with general problems of evaluation of photometric and radiometric instruments. Numerical requirements for individual types of instruments in later reports are not included. The report includes tables of the relative spectral distributions of five special sources that can be used to estimate the quality of the V(lambda) correction of photometer heads. This Technical Report has been supplemented by CIE 69-1987 Methods of Characterizing Illuminance Meters and Luminance Meters. The report consists of 30 pages, 3 figures and 1 table.
Photometry of Floodlights
CIE 43-1979 This technical report recommends the adoption of test procedures that will provide acceptable results in measuring and reporting the photometric characteristics of floodlights. The recommendations are intended to provide a basis for uniform national standards, and to guide industrial photometric laboratories in the selection of test apparatus, conduct of tests, and presentation of floodlight performance data. The publication contains 50 pages, 23 figures and 4 tables.
CIE 40-1978 This report presents a method which can serve as a basis for interior lighting design calculations. The method does not rely on standard light distributions for luminaires, is not restricted to regular arrangements of luminaires, and can be used in situations where the interior is a rectangular parallelepiped, the task plane can be regarded as one of the room surfaces, the room surfaces, reflect uniformly and according to Lambert's law, the direct flux on the task plane does not vary significantly when the luminaires are rotated about their vertical axis. See also CIE 52-1982 Calculations for Interior Lighting: Applied Method. The publication contains 60 pages, 2 figures and 54 tables.
Road Lighting Lanterns and Installation Data: Photometrics, Classification and Performance
CIE 34-1977 ISBN 978 3 901906 68 8 This technical report is one of a series of supporting documents to CIE 12.2-1977 Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motorized Traffic. It is concerned with the data involved in predicting the performance of an installation, as described in CIE 30.2-1982 Calculation and Measurement of Luminance and Illuminance in Road Lighting. Part 1 of the report describes the preferred form of basic photometric data for road lighting lanterns: intensity tables; isocandela diagrams; polar diagrams; flashed areas. Part 2 outlines additional derived data for an individual lantern which could be of value: description of a lantern in terms of throw, speed and control; utilization factor diagrams; luminance yield diagrams, isoluminance diagrams. Part 3 gives three useful methods of presenting data on the performance of lantern installations: performance tables; performance graphs; layout tables for achieving a specific performance. An Appendix gives information about differences in performance which have been found between installations using lanterns that satisfy the same specification or classification. The publication contains 39 pages, 15 figures and 1 table.
CIE 33-1977 This report is supplementary to CIE 12.2-1977 Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motorized Traffic. The first part contains a survey of the combined effects of permanent or incidental causes which progressively impair the performance of road lighting installations. The second part points out what preventive measures can be taken in designing and installing a system to reduce or slow down the deterioration of materials (columns, lanterns, light sources, auxiliary gear). The last part indicates preventive maintenance operations aimed at protecting materials against deterioration or at restoring, as much as possible, the initial performance of the installation. The different methods of maintenance and replacement of various items are analyzed. The publication contains 26 pages and 4 figures.
An Analytic Model for Describing the Influence of Lighting Parameters upon Visual Performance
ISBN 978 92 9034 019 5 CIE 19.21-1981 Technical Foundations
CIE 19.22-1981 Summary and Application Guidelines CIE 19.21-1981 describes a comprehensive analytic model of the influence of lighting parameters upon the visual performance potential of observers engaged in tasks with significant visual components, and describes the evidence used to develop each phase of the model. CIE 19.22-1981 summarizes the model and makes recommendations for its application in lighting practice. The model has been derived from study and analysis of the extensive published literature that relates visual performance potential to lighting parameters, and includes two technical approaches which may be described as the empirical and analytical methods for studying visual performance. Empirical methods involve measurements of the speed and accuracy of task performance under real or simulated conditions of visual work. Analytical methods involve measurements of the operational characteristics of processes which are believed to be operative in visual work, either taken singly or in simple combinations, with subsequent synthesizing of the operational characteristics of the individual processes into a quantitative model which describes visual performance potential for given visual conditions. The analytic model described was derived from experimental data that the pertinent CIE committee was aware of. These data were obtained during a 50-year period form the two types of measurements mentioned. More than 2.200 persons residing in CIE member countries took part in these studies, either as observers or as unknowing subjects of field observations. CIE 19.21-1981 contains 140 pages, 55 figures and 4 tables. CIE 19.22-1981 contains 89 pages, 10 figures and 8 tables.
An Analytic Model for Describing the Influence of Lighting Parameters upon Visual Performance
ISBN 978 92 9034 019 5 CIE 19.21-1981 Technical Foundations CIE 19.22-1981 Summary and Application Guidelines CIE 19.21-1981 describes a comprehensive analytic model of the influence of lighting parameters upon the visual performance potential of observers engaged in tasks with significant visual components, and describes the evidence used to develop each phase of the model. CIE 19.22-1981 summarizes the model and makes recommendations for its application in lighting practice. The model has been derived from study and analysis of the extensive published literature that relates visual performance potential to lighting parameters, and includes two technical approaches which may be described as the empirical and analytical methods for studying visual performance. Empirical methods involve measurements of the speed and accuracy of task performance under real or simulated conditions of visual work. Analytical methods involve measurements of the operational characteristics of processes which are believed to be operative in visual work, either taken singly or in simple combinations, with subsequent synthesizing of the operational characteristics of the individual processes into a quantitative model which describes visual performance potential for given visual conditions. The analytic model described was derived from experimental data that the pertinent CIE committee was aware of. These data were obtained during a 50-year period form the two types of measurements mentioned. More than 2.200 persons residing in CIE member countries took part in these studies, either as observers or as unknowing subjects of field observations. CIE 19.21-1981 contains 140 pages, 55 figures and 4 tables. CIE 19.22-1981 contains 89 pages, 10 figures and 8 tables.
Daylight
CIE 16-1970 ISBN 978 3 901906 66 4 The purpose of this guide is to aid architects, civil engineers, building inspectors, and others concerned with the natural lighting of buildings. The guide specifies a simple but accurate method of computing and checking interior daylight levels. It contains a comprehensive list of other methods for predicting daylight levels in buildings. From this list, designers specializing in daylighting can select methods that are best suited for any one case. This publication contains 87 pages, 32 figures and 4 tables.
formulae. This publication is consistent with the fundamental data and procedures described in the CIE Standards on Colorimetry. This publication, which replaces CIE 15.2 (and is not to be known as 15.3!), includes details of the CIE DE2000 colour difference equation; spectral power distributions for sets of halophosphate lamps, DeLuxe type lamps, three-band lamps, multi-band lamps, high pressure sodium lamps and high pressure metal halide lamps. The nomenclature for the recommended geometries has changed, and there are even changes to the equations defining the parameters of the CIELAB colour space! The publication is accompanied by CD-ROM that contains all the tables of standard and recommended spectral distributions and a program (for Windows operation systems) to perform interpolation of spectra related to reflection or absorption measurements. Some of these colorimetric tables are also free available to download under Selected Colorimetric Tables. Thus this publication represents the colorimetric state-of-the-art and should find a place on the bookshelf of every colour scientist. The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 79 pages with 17 tables.
CIE STANDARDS
Colours of Light Signals
CIE Standard: S004/E-2001 This Standard specifies the allowable colours for steady signal lights and flashing signal lights where the duration of the on period is at least one second. It is applicable to the colours of signal lights used in sea, road, air and rail transport systems including signal lights on ships, aircraft, motor vehicles and trains, where the recognition of the colours involved is essential. The Standard can also be used for guidance on the selection of the colours of light signals and warning lights on instrument panels in vehicles, of light signals and warning lights on instrument panels used for monitoring or control of industrial processes, used in visual display terminals when recognition of the colour code is important to intepreting the information displayed. The Standard does not specify how signal lights should be used in the various transport modes nor does it specify the meanings to be associated with the different colours. Reference must also be made to international, regional and national conventions and regulations for the particular applications. This Standard is not applicable to the colours of surface colour codes. Guidance on the allowable colours for surface colour codes is given in CIE Publication 39.2-1983 Recommendations for Surface Colours for Visual Signalling . This Standard has been approved by the National Committees of the CIE and supersedes the recommendations made in CIE Publication 2.2-1975 Colours of Light Signals. Background information to this Standard can be found in the Technical Report CIE 107-1994 A Review of the Official Recommendations of the CIE for the Colours of Signal Lights.
the Standard. It should be noted that this Standard considers only a few of the topics covered in CIE 79-1988. These are the topics for which supporting research and practical experience were strong enough to support standardisation. For topics not covered in this Standard, such as guidance concerning higher speed roadways and traffic lights using symbols, the user is advised to follow the guidance provided in CIE 79-1988. This Standard has been approved by the CIE and replaces the recommendations made on 200 mm roundel signals in CIE 79-1988. It has been approved by ISO as a joint ISO/CIE standard. This Standard may be obtained from the CIE National Committees or the Central Bureau of the CIE. A French and a German version (ISO 16508:1999/CIE S006.1/F-1998 and CIE S006/G-1998) are also available.
special lighting systems with local directional lighting capability. The Standard provides guidance for illuminance, glare limitation and colour quality for general building areas, agriculture buildings, the cement, concrete and brick industry, ceramic and glass industry, chemical, plastics and rubber industry, electrical industry, food industry, foundries and metal casting plants, hairdresser, jewelry manufacturing, laundries and dry cleaning, leather industry, metal working and processing, paper industry, power stations, printers, iron and steel works, textile industry, vehicle construction, wood working and furniture industry, offices, retailing, restaurants and hotels, places of entertainment, libraries, indoor public car parks, educational buildings, health care premises, airports, and churches. This Standard has been approved by CIE and by ISO as a joint ISO/CIE Standard.
Standard Method of Assessing the Spectral Quality of Daylight Simulators for Visual Appraisal and Measurement of Colour
CIE Standard ISO 23603:2005(E)/CIE S 012/E:2004 This standard specifies a method of assessing the spectral quality of the irradiance provided by a daylight simulator to be used for visual appraisal of colours or for colour measurements and a method of assigning a quality grade to the simulator. It specifies the maximum permissible deviation of the chromaticity of the simulator from the chromaticity of the CIE Standard Daylight Illuminant or CIE Daylight Illuminant being simulated, for a simulator to be graded by this method. The basis for the assessment is the special metamerism index for change in illuminant, using pairs of virtual (rather than real) specimens specified by their reflecting and fluorescing properties. The pairs of specimens are metameric matches under the CIE daylight illuminant, when evaluated with the CIE 1964 Standard Colorimetric Observer. The method described in this standard quantifies the mismatch when the pairs of virtual specimens are illuminated by the simulator under test and evaluated by the same standard observer. The standard is accompanied by a disk containing the spectral data of Tables 3-6 of the standard in MS Excel format. This standard has been approved by CIE National Committees. It may be obtained from the CIE National Committees or the Central Bureau of the CIE. A German (CIE S 012/D:2004) version is also available.
Lighting of Work Places Part 3: Lighting Requirements for Safety and Security of Outdoor Work Places
Joint ISO/CIE Standard ISO 8995-3:2006(E)/CIE S 016/E:2005
To enable people to perform visual tasks efficiently and accurately, especially during the night, adequate and appropriate lighting has to be provided. The degree of visibility and comfort required in a wide range of outdoor work places is governed by the type and duration of activity. This standard specifies the lighting requirements that will contribute to the visual needs for safety and security within outdoor work places. This standard has been approved by CIE and ISO.
Emergency Lighting
Joint ISO/CIE Standard ISO 30061:2007(E)/S 020/E:2007 This standard specifies the luminous requirements for emergency lighting systems installed in premises or locations where such systems are required. It is principally applicable to locations where the public or workers have access. The primary objective of emergency lighting is the provision of visual conditions that can alleviate panic and facilitate safer evacuation of buildings' occupants during the failure of normal power supply/lighting, in clear (non-smoke) and smoke filled conditions. The emergency lighting scheme design should be based on worst conditions (e.g. minimum light output, maximum glare limits) of the luminaires during operating life. The requirements given in this standard are a minimum for design purposes and are calculated for the full rated duration period and end of design life of the equipment. A special chapter for smoke is included. Safety signs may also fulfil further functions within maintained operation. This standard has been approved by CIE and ISO.
This set of colour-matching functions is representative of the colour-matching properties of observers with normal colour vision for visual field sizes of angular subtense greater than about 4, for vision at sufficiently high photopic levels and with spectral power distributions such that no participation of the rod receptors of the retina is to be expected. The values in the tables of the colour matching functions and chromaticity coordinates of the CIE 1931 and 1964 standard colorimetric observers are identical with those in the previous standard. This standard has been approved by CIE and ISO.
Colorimetry Part 5: CIE 1976 L*u*v* Colour Space and u', v' Uniform Chromaticity Scale Diagram
ISO 11664-5:2009(E)/CIE S 014-5/E:2009 This CIE Standard specifies the method of calculating the coordinates of the CIE 1976 L*u*v* colour space including correlates of lightness, chroma, saturation and hue. It includes two methods for calculating Euclidean distances in this
space to represent the relative perceived magnitude of colour differences. It also specifies the method of calculating the coordinates of the u',v' uniform chromaticity scale diagram. The Standard is applicable to tristimulus values calculated using the colour-matching functions of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system or the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system. The Standard may be used for the specification of colour stimuli perceived as belonging to a reflecting or transmitting object, where a three-dimensional space more uniform than tristimulus space is required. This includes self-luminous displays, like cathode ray tubes, if they are being used to simulate reflecting or transmitting objects and if the stimuli are appropriately normalized. The Standard, as a whole, does not apply to colour stimuli perceived as belonging to an area that appears to be emitting light as a primary light source, or that appears to be specularly reflecting such light. Only the u',v' chromaticity diagram defined in Section 4.1 and the correlates of hue and saturation defined in Section 4.3 apply to such colour stimuli. This standard has been approved by CIE National Committees.
DRAFT STANDARDS CIE Draft Standard DS 017.2/E:2009 ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary
CIE has published Draft Standard CIE DS 017.2/E:2009 ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary. It is an update and extension of the contents of the 4th Edition of the International Lighting Vocabulary, which was a joint publication of the CIE and the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and provided definitions of some 950 terms related to light and lighting. The terms and definitions of this publication have been completely reviewed. In addition, a large number of new terms and definitions have been introduced. The aim of this Draft Standard comprising some 1500 terms and their definitions is to promote international standardization in the use of quantities, units, symbols and terminology in this field. CIE DS 017.2/E:2009 ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary has been approved by the Board of Administration of the CIE. It comprises 196 pages and presents the definitions of nearly 1500 terms related to light and lighting. The Draft Standard has been sent to CIE National Committees for comments and sales to interested parties. It is still subject to changes and may not yet be referred to as a CIE Standard. When approved by the CIE NCs, it will be published as a CIE Standard and later on as a joint ISO/CIE standard. Price of this Draft Standard: EUR 40,- (Members of the CIE National Committees get 50 % discount).
The Draft Standard includes a measurement and calculation procedure. It does not specify the format of an assessment report. The Draft Standard has been sent to CIE National Committees for comments and sales to interested parties. It is still subject to changes and may not yet be referred to as a CIE Standard. When approved by the CIE NCs, it will be published as a CIE Standard and later on as a joint ISO/CIE Standard. Price of this Draft Standard: EUR 56,- (Members of the National Committees of the CIE get 50% discount).
CIE STANDARDS
CIE S 004-2001: Colours of Light Signals ISO 16508/CIE S006.1/E-1999 : Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Road Traffic Lights - Photometric Properties of 200 mm Roundel Signals ISO 17166/CIE S007/E-1999: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose ISO 8995-1:2002(E)/CIE S 008/E:2001: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Lighting of Work Places - Part 1: Indoor [incl. Technical Corrigendum ISO 8995:2002/Cor. 1:2005(E)] CEI/IEC 62471/CIE S009/E:2006: Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamps Systems (bilingual edition) Securite photobiologique des lampes et des appareils utilisant les lampes ISO 23539:2005(E)/CIE S 010/E:2004: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Photometry - The CIE System of Physical Photometry ISO 15469:2004/CIE S 011:2003: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Spatial Distribution of Daylight - CIE Standard General Sky ISO 23603:2005(E)/CIE S 012/E:2004: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Standard Method of Assessing the Spectral Quality of Daylight Simulators for Visual Appraisal and Measurement of Colour CIE S 013:2003: International Standard Global Solar UV Index CIE S 015:2005: Lighting of Outdoor Work Places ISO 8995-3:2006(E)/CIE S 016/E:2005: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Lighting of work places - Part 3: Lighting Requirements for Safety and Security of Outdoor Work Places ISO 28077:2006(E)/CIE S 019/E:2006: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectrum (Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers) ISO 30061:2007(E)/CIE S 020/E:2007: Emergency Lighting Colorimetry Series ISO 11664-1:2008(E)/CIE S 014-1/E:2006: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Colorimetry - Part 1: Standard Colorimetric Observers ISO 11664-2:2008(E)/CIE S 014-2/E:2006: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Colorimetry - Part 2: Standard Illuminants for Colorimetry ISO 11664-4:2008(E)/CIE S 014-4/E:2007: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Colorimetry - Part 4: 1976 L*a*b* Colour Space. CIE S 014-5/E:2009: Colorimetry - Part 5: CIE 1976 L*u*v* Colour Space and u', v' Uniform Chromaticity Scale Diagram
DRAFT STANDARDS
There are no CIE Draft Standards available at this moment
x010-1996: Proceedings of the CIE Symposium 1996 on Colour Standards for Image Technology x011-1996: Special volume 23rd Session of the CIE, New Delhi, November 1-8,1995, Late papers x012-1997: Proceedings of the NPL - CIE-UK Conference: Visual Scales (1997) x013-1997: Proceedings of the CIE LED Symposium 1997 on Standard methods for specifying and measuring LED characteristics x014-1998: Proceedings of the CIE Expert Symposium 1997 on colour standards for imaging technology x015-1998: Proceedings of the First CIE Symposium on Lighting Quality x016-1998: Measurement of Optical Radiation Hazards (1998) x017-1999: Special volume: 24th Session of the CIE, Late papers x018-1999: Proceedings of the CIE Symposium 1999 "75 Years of CIE Photometry" (also available on CD-ROM) x019-2001: Proceedings of three CIE Workshops on Criteria for Road Lighting x020-2001: Proceedings of the CIE Symposium 2001 "Uncertainty Evaluation - Methods for Analysis of Uncertainties in Optical Radiation Measurement" x021:2001: Proceedings of the CIE Expert Symposium 2000 "Extended Range Colour Spaces" x022:2001: Proceedings of the 2nd CIE Expert Symposium 2001 on LED Measurement "Standard Methods for Specifying and Measuring LED and LED Cluster Characteristics" x023:2002: Proceedings of two CIE Workshops on Photometric Measurement Systems for Road Lighting Installations (Liege 1994, Poitiers 1996) x024:2002: Proceedings of the CIE/ARUP Symposium on Visual Environment, April 2002 (also available on CD-ROM) x025:2003: Proceedings of the CIE Symposium 2002 on Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Light and Colour Perception and Measurement, August 2002 (also available on CD-ROM) x026:2005: Proceedings of the CIE Symposium 2004 on LED Light Sources: Physical Measurement and Visual and Photobiological Assessment, 7-8 June 2004, Tokyo/Japan. x027:2004: Proceedings of the CIE Symposium 2004 on Light and Health: non-visual effects, 30 Sep. - 2 Oct. 2004, Vienna, Austria. x028:2005: Proceedings of the CIE Symposium 2005 "Vision and Lighting in Mesopic Conditions", 21 May 2005, Leon, Spain. x029:2006: Proceedings of the 2nd CIE Expert Symposium Measurement Uncertainty, 12-13 June 2006, Braunschweig, Germany. x030:2006: Proceedings of the ISCC/CIE Expert Symposium 2006 "75 Years of the CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer", 16-17 May 2006, NRC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. x031:2006: Proceedings of the 2nd CIE Expert Symposium "Lighting and Health", 7-8 September 2006, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. x032:2007: Proceedings of the CIE Expert Symposium on Visual Appearance, 19-20 October 2006, Paris, France. x033:2008: Proceedings of the CIE Expert Symposium on "Advances in Photometry and Colorimetry", 7-8 July 2008, Turin, Italy. Maintained