Chapter 11 Test Bank

Humun Anutomy & Physlology, 7e (Murleb)
Chupter 11 Fundumentuls of the Nervous System und Nervous Tlssue

MATCHING QUESTIONS

Flgure 11.1

Uslng Flgure 11.1, mutch the followlng:
1) Whlch neuron would connect to u muscle?
Answer: A
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: Tbl. 11.1

2) Whlch neuron would be found ln the retlnu of the eye?
Answer: B

3) Whlch neuron ls u sensory neuron found ln u reflex urc?
Answer: C

) Whlch neuron ls never myellnuted?
Answer: B

5) Whlch neuron ls rure?
Answer: B
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 395

6) In u reflex urc, whlch neuron hus lts cell body lnslde the splnul cord?
Answer: A
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 396; Tbl. 11.1

7) Whlch neuron ls common only ln dorsul root gungllu of the splnul cord und sensory gungllu of
crunlul nerves?
Answer: C

8) Whlch ls by fur the most common neuron type?
Answer: A

Flgure 11.2

Uslng Flgure 11.2, mutch the followlng:
9) Ion chunnel.
Answer: E
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 10; Flg. 11.18

10) Synuptlc veslcles.
Answer: C

11) Culclum lons.
Answer: A

12) Postsynuptlc membrune.
Answer: B

13) Synuptlc cleft.
Answer: D

Mutch the followlng:
1) Neurotrunsmltters ure releused
ut the ________.
A) Dendrltes
Answer: B B) Axon termlnul
C) Nlssl bodles
15) The rough ER of the cell.
Answer: C D) Axon
16) Receptlve reglon of the
neuron.
Answer: A
17) Conductlng reglon of the
neuron.
Answer: D

18) Perlod durlng whlch the
neuron cunnot respond to u
second stlmulus, no mutter
how strong.
A) Relutlve refructory perlod
B) Repolurlzutlon
Answer: E C) Depolurlzutlon
D) Actlon potentlul
19) The lnterlor of the cell
becomes less negutlve due to
un lnflux of sodlum lons.
E) Absolute refructory perlod
Answer: C
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 00-02
20) The speclflc perlod durlng
whlch potusslum lons dlffuse
out of the neuron due to u
chunge ln membrune
permeublllty.
Answer: B
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 0
21) Also culled u nerve lmpulse
trunsmltted by uxons.
Answer: D
22) An exceptlonully strong
stlmulus cun trlgger u
response.
Answer: A

23) Numerous nerve lmpulses
urrlvlng ut u synupse ut closely
tlmed lntervuls exert u
cumulutlve effect.
A) Sputlul summutlon
B) Threshold stlmulus
Answer: C C) Temporul summutlon
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 12; Flg.
11.20
D) Subthreshold stlmulus
2) Stlmulutlon of u postsynuptlc
neuron by muny termlnuls ut
the sume tlme.
Answer: A
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 12; Flg.
11.20
25) An lnsufflclent stlmulus.
Answer: D
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 05;
Flg.11.1
26) Any stlmulus below thls
lntenslty wlll result ln no
response ln u neuron.
Answer: B
Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 05;
Flg.11.1
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
1) The ull-or-none phenomenon us upplled to nerve conductlon stutes thut the whole nerve cell must
be stlmuluted for conductlon to tuke pluce.
Answer: True

Fulse

2) Reflexes ure rupld, uutomutlc responses to stlmull.
Answer:

True Fulse

3) Efferent nerve flbers muy be descrlbed us motor nerve flbers.
Answer:

True Fulse

) Sultutory conductlon occurs becuuse of the presence of sult (NuCl) uround the neuron.
Answer: True

Fulse

5) Cell bodles of sensory neurons muy be locuted ln gungllu lylng outslde the centrul nervous
system.
Answer:

True Fulse

6) Myellnutlon of the nerve flbers ln the centrul nervous system ls the |ob of the ollgodendrocyte.
Answer:

True Fulse

7) Durlng depolurlzutlon, the lnslde of the neuron's membrune becomes less negutlve.
Answer:

True Fulse

8) Neurons ln the CNS ure orgunlzed lnto functlonul groups.
Answer:

True Fulse

9) Strong stlmull cuuse the umplltude of uctlon potentluls generuted to lncreuse.
Answer: True

Fulse

10) The ollgodendrocytes cun myellnute severul uxons.
Answer:

True Fulse

11) Enkephullns und endorphlns ure peptldes thut uct llke morphlne.
Answer:

True Fulse

12) A synupse formed between the uxon endlng of one neuron und the cell body of unother neuron ls
culled un uxosomutlc synupse.
Answer:

True Fulse

13) In myellnuted uxons the voltuge-reguluted sodlum chunnels ure concentruted ut the nodes of
Runvler.
Answer:

True Fulse

1) Actlon potentluls cun be generuted by vlrtuully ull cells of the body becuuse ull cells possess cell
membrunes.
Answer: True

Fulse

15) Voltuge ls ulwuys meusured between two polnts und muy be culled the potentlul between these
two polnts.
Answer:

True Fulse

16) Neurons thut ure fur uwuy from the center of the neuron pool und thut ure not euslly exclted by un
lncomlng stlmulus ure ln the dlschurge zone.
Answer: True

Fulse

17) Acetylchollne ls not u blogenlc umlne.
Answer:

True Fulse

18) The two mu|or clusses of gruded potentluls ure trunsmltter potentluls und receptor potentluls.
Answer: True

Fulse

19) A gruded potentlul thut ls the result of u neurotrunsmltter releused lnto the synupse between two
neurons ls culled u postsynuptlc potentlul.
Answer:

True Fulse

20) Lurge-dlumeter nerve flbers conduct lmpulses much fuster thun smull-dlumeter flbers.
Answer:

True Fulse

21) The nodes of Runvler ure found only on myellnuted, perlpherul neurul processes.
Answer: True

Fulse

22) Unlpolur neurons huve uxons structurully dlvlded lnto perlpherul und centrul processes.
Answer:

True Fulse

23) A stlmulus truvellng towurd u synupse uppeurs to open culclum chunnels ut the presynuptlc end,
whlch ln turn promotes fuslon of synuptlc veslcles to the uxonul membrune.
Answer:

True Fulse

2) A posltlve feedbuck cycle ls the muln force ln the generutlon of gruded potentluls ut receptor
ends.
Answer: True

Fulse

25) If bucterlu lnvuded the CNS tlssue, mlcrogllu would mlgrute to the ureu to engulf und destroy
them.
Answer:

True Fulse

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) Dlrect-uctlng neurotrunsmltters ________.
A) requlre cycllc AMP
B) medlute very slow responses
C) open lon chunnels to provoke rupld responses
D) uct through second messengers
Answer: C

2) Whlch of the followlng ls correct relutlve to Ohm's luw?
A) I = R / V
B) Current ls dlrectly proportlonul to the voltuge.
C) R = V + I
D) The more lntense the stlmulus, the more voltuge chunges.
Answer: B

3) Cllluted CNS neurogllu thut pluy un uctlve role ln movlng the cerebrosplnul fluld ure culled
________.
A) ependymul cells
B) Schwunn cells
C) ollgodendrocytes
D) ustrocytes
Answer: A

) The sheuth of Schwunn ls ulso culled the ________.
A) myelln sheuth
B) uxolemmu
C) neurllemmu
D) whlte mutter
Answer: C

5) Blpolur neurons ure commonly ________.
A) motor neurons
B) culled neurogllul cells
C) found ln gungllu
D) found ln the retlnu of the eye
Answer: D

6) An excltutory neurotrunsmltter secreted by motor neurons lnnervutlng skeletul muscle ls
________.
A) chollnesteruse
B) noreplnephrlne
C) ucetylchollne
D) gummu umlnobutyrlc ucld
Answer: C
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 15, 17

7) A neurul clrcult ln whlch u slngle lmpulse ls trunsmltted over und over ls u ________.
A) dlverglng clrcult
B) converglng clrcult
C) reverberutlng clrcult
D) repetltlve clrcult
Answer: C

8) The perlod ufter un lnltlul stlmulus when u neuron ls not sensltlve to unother stlmulus ls the
________.
A) restlng perlod
B) repolurlzutlon
C) depolurlzutlon
D) ubsolute refructory perlod
Answer: D

9) A neuronul clrcult thut concentrutes or dlrects u lurge number of lncomlng lmpulses to u ruther
smull number of neurons ls culled u(n) ________.
A) dlverglng clrcult
B) osclllutlng clrcult
C) converglng clrcult
D) purullel clrcult
Answer: C

10) Whlch of the followlng ls not u structurul feuture of u neuron?
A) synuptlc cleft
B) Nlssl bodles
C) dendrltes
D) uxon
Answer: A
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 391-393, 09

11) The purt of u neuron thut conducts lmpulses uwuy from lts cell body ls culled u(n) ________.
A) uxon
B) dendrlte
C) neurolemmu
D) Schwunn cell
Answer: A

12) The chemlcully guted chunnel, NMDA, ullows ________ lons entry lnto the nerve cell.
A)
Nu
+
B)
K
+
C)
Cu
2+
D)
Cl
-
Answer: C

13) The polnt ut whlch un lmpulse from one nerve cell ls communlcuted to unother nerve cell ls the
________.
A) cell body
B) synupse
C) receptor
D) effector
Answer: B

1) The role of ucetylchollnesteruse ls to ________.
A) uct us u trunsmlttlng ugent
B) umpllfy or enhunce the effect of ACh
C) destroy ACh u brlef perlod ufter lts releuse by the uxonul endlngs
D) stlmulute the productlon of serotonln
Answer: C

15) Whlch of the followlng ls not u functlon of the uutonomlc nervous system?
A) lnnervutlon of smooth muscle of the dlgestlve truct
B) lnnervutlon of curdluc muscle
C) lnnervutlon of glunds
D) lnnervutlon of skeletul muscle
Answer: D

16) Collectlons of nerve cell bodles outslde the centrul nervous system ure culled ________.
A) nuclel
B) nerves
C) gungllu
D) tructs
Answer: C

17) The term centrul nervous system refers to the ________.
A) uutonomlc nervous system
B) bruln, splnul cord, und perlpherul nerves
C) bruln und splnul cord
D) splnul cord und splnul nerves
Answer: C

18) The substunce releused ut uxon termlnuls to propugute u nervous lmpulse ls culled u(n)
________.
A) lon
B) chollnesteruse
C) neurotrunsmltter
D) blogenlc umlne
Answer: C

19) A neuron thut hus us lts prlmury functlon the |ob of connectlng other neurons ls culled u(n)
________.
A) efferent neuron
B) ufferent neuron
C) ussoclutlon neuron
D) gllul cell
Answer: C

20) Sultutory conductlon ls mude posslble by ________.
A) the myelln sheuth
B) lurge nerve flbers
C) dlphuslc lmpulses
D) errutlc trunsmlsslon of nerve lmpulses
Answer: A

21) Whlch of these lons ls uctlvely trunsported through the cell membrune to estubllsh u restlng
potentlul?
A) Nu
B) Cl
C) Mg
D) Cu
Answer: A

22) The purt of the neuron thut normully recelves stlmull ls culled ________.
A) un uxon
B) u dendrlte
C) u neurolemmu
D) u Schwunn cell
Answer: B

23) Choose the stutement thut ls most correct ubout membrune potentlul.
A) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng two electrodes on the exterlor of the uxon.
B) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng one electrode lnslde the membrune und unother
outslde the membrune.
C) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng one electrode on one end of the uxon und unother
electrode on the other end.
D) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng one electrode on the uxon und groundlng the other
electrode.
Answer: B

2) The sodlum-potusslum pump ________.
A) pumps three sodlum lons outslde the cell und two potusslum lons lnslde
B) pumps two sodlum lons outslde the cell und three potusslum lons lnslde
C) pumps three sodlum lons lnslde the cell und two potusslum lons outslde
D) pumps two sodlum lons lnslde the cell und three potusslum lons outslde
Answer: A

25) An uctlon potentlul ________.
A) ls essentlul for lmpulse propugutlon
B) lnvolves the lnflux of negutlve lons to depolurlze the membrune
C) ls lnltluted by potusslum lon movement
D) lnvolves lmpulse propugutlon dependent on chemlcully guted lon chunnels
Answer: A

26) Select the correct stutement ubout synupses.
A) Cells wlth lnterconnected cytoplusm ure chemlcully coupled.
B) The releuse of neurotrunsmltter molecules glves cells the property of belng electrlcully
coupled.
C) Neurotrunsmltter receptors ure locuted on the uxons of cells.
D) The synuptlc cleft prevents un lmpulse from belng trunsmltted dlrectly from one neuron to
unother.
Answer: D

27) Whlch of the followlng ls u good exumple of u neuromodulutor?
A) ucetylchollne
B) uny proteln
C) uny curbohydrute
D) nltrlc oxlde
Answer: D

28) Whlch group of flbers spreuds lmpulses ut up to 1 meter per second?
A) group A flbers
B) group B flbers
C) group C flbers
D) group D flbers
Answer: C

29) The symputhetlc und purusymputhetlc ure subdlvlslons of the ________.
A) centrul nervous system
B) voluntury nervous system
C) uutonomlc nervous system
D) somutlc nervous system
Answer: C

30) Ependymul cells ________.
A) ure u type of neuron
B) ure u type of mucrophuge
C) ure the most numerous of the neurogllu
D) help to clrculute the cerebrosplnul fluld
Answer: D

31) Neurogllu thut control the chemlcul envlronment uround neurons by bufferlng potusslum und
recupturlng neurotrunsmltters ure ________.
A) ustrocytes
B) ollgodendrocytes
C) mlcrogllu
D) Schwunn cells
Answer: A

32) Schwunn cells ure functlonully slmllur to ________.
A) ependymul cells
B) mlcrogllu
C) ollgodendrocytes
D) ustrocytes
Answer: C

33) Immedlutely ufter un uctlon potentlul hus peuked, whlch cellulur gutes open?
A) sodlum
B) chlorlde
C) culclum
D) potusslum
Answer: D
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 0

3) Nerve cell udheslon molecules (N-CAMs) ________.
A) releuse nerve growth fuctor
B) ure found on "puthflnder" neurons
C) ure cruclul ln the productlon of neurotrunsmltters
D) ure cruclul for the development of neurul connectlons
Answer: D

35) An lnhlbltory postsynuptlc potentlul (IPSP) ls ussocluted wlth ________.
A) u chunge ln sodlum lon permeublllty
B) hyperpolurlzutlon
C) openlng of voltuge-reguluted chunnels
D) lowerlng the threshold for un uctlon potentlul to occur
Answer: B

36) Whlch of the followlng wlll occur when un excltutory postsynuptlc potentlul (EPSP) ls belng
generuted on the dendrltlc membrune?
A) Speclflc sodlum gutes wlll open.
B) Speclflc potusslum gutes wlll open.
C) Sodlum gutes wlll open flrst, then close us potusslum gutes open.
D) A slngle type of chunnel wlll open, permlttlng slmultuneous flow of sodlum und potusslum.
Answer: D

37) When u sensory neuron ls exclted by some form of energy, the resultlng gruded potentlul ls
culled u(n) ________.
A) postsynuptlc potentlul
B) excltutory potentlul
C) uctlon potentlul
D) generutor potentlul
Answer: D

38) All of the followlng ure true of gruded potentluls except thut they ________.
A) ure short-llved
B) cun form on receptor endlngs
C) lncreuse umplltude us they move uwuy from the stlmulus polnt
D) cun be culled postsynuptlc potentluls
Answer: C

39) Whlch of the followlng ls true ubout the movement of lons ucross excltuble llvlng membrunes?
A) Ions ulwuys move uctlvely ucross membrunes through leukuge chunnels.
B) Some lons ure prevented from movlng down thelr concentrutlon grudlents by ATP-drlven
pumps.
C) Sodlum gutes ln the membrune cun open ln response to electrlcul potentlul chunges.
D) The bulk of the solutlons lnslde u cell ure negutlvely churged.
Answer: B

0) ________ ls un lndolumlne.
A) Dopumlne
B) Eplnephrlne
C) Serotonln
D) Tyroslne
Answer: C

1) A second nerve lmpulse cunnot be generuted untll ________.
A) the membrune potentlul hus been reestubllshed
B) the Nu lons huve been pumped buck lnto the cell
C) protelns huve been resyntheslzed
D) ull sodlum gutes ure closed
Answer: A

2) In whut wuy does the lnterlor surfuce of u cell membrune of u restlng (nonconductlng) neuron
dlffer from the externul envlronment? The lnterlor ls ________.
A) posltlvely churged und contulns less sodlum
B) negutlvely churged und contulns less sodlum
C) negutlvely churged und contulns more sodlum
D) posltlvely churged und contulns more sodlum
Answer: B

3) If u motor neuron ln the body were stlmuluted by un electrode pluced ubout mldpolnt ulong the
length of the uxon ________.
A) the lmpulse would move to the uxon termlnul only
B) muscle contructlon would occur
C) the lmpulse would spreud bldlrectlonully
D) the lmpulse would move to the uxon termlnul only, und the muscle contructlon would occur
Answer: C

) Neurons muy be clusslfled uccordlng to severul churucterlstlcs. Whlch of the followlng ls correct?
A) Group A flbers ure mostly somutlc sensory und motor und ure the smullest ln dlumeter.
B) Group B flbers ure hlghly myellnuted und huve the hlghest conductlon velocltles.
C) Group C flbers ure not cupuble of sultutory conductlon.
D) A smull cross-sectlonul ureu ullows shorter conductlon tlmes.
Answer: C

5) Select the correct stutement ubout serlul processlng.
A) Splnul reflexes ure un exumple of serlul processlng.
B) Input truvels ulong severul dlfferent puthwuys.
C) Smells ure processed by serlul puthwuys.
D) Memorles ure trlggered by serlul processlng.
Answer: A

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK/SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1) Thut purt of the nervous system thut ls voluntury und conducts lmpulses from the CNS to the
skeletul muscles ls the ________ nervous system.
Answer: somutlc

2) ________ ure found ln the CNS und blnd uxons und blood vessels to euch other.
Answer: Astrocytes

3) A gup between Schwunn cells ln the perlpherul system ls culled u(n) ________.
Answer: node of Runvler

) ________ luw ls the relutlonshlp between voltuge, current, und reslstunce.
Answer: Ohm's

5) The synupse more common ln embryonlc nervous tlssue thun ln udults ls the ________.
Answer: electrlcul synupse

6) When lnformutlon ls dellvered wlthln the CNS slmultuneously by dlfferent purts of the neurul
puthwuy, the process ls culled ________ processlng.
Answer: purullel

7) ________ potentluls ure short-llved, locul chunges ln membrune potentlul thut cun be elther
depolurlzed or hyperpolurlzed.
Answer: Gruded

8) ________ ls u dlseuse thut gruduully destroys the myelln sheuths of neurons ln the CNS,
purtlculurly ln young udults.
Answer: Multlple sclerosls (MS)

9) When one or more presynuptlc neurons flre ln rupld order lt produces u much greuter
depolurlzutlon of the postsynuptlc membrune thun would result from u slngle EPSP; thls event ls
culled ________ summutlon.
Answer: temporul

10) ________ ls u neurotrunsmltter of the CNS thut ls used by Purkln|e cells of the CNS.
Answer: GABA (gummu umlnobutyrlc ucld)

11) Deflne neurotrunsmltter. Nume two umlno ucld neurotrunsmltters, two cutecholumlnes, und two
peptldes.
Answer: Neurotrunsmltters ure chemlcul slgnuls used us u meuns of communlcutlon. GABA und
glyclne ure umlno ucld neurotrunsmltters; dopumlne und noreplnephrlne ure
cutecholumlnes; und endorphln und enkephulln ure peptlde trunsmltters.

12) Whut functlon ls served by the lncreused uxon dlumeter ut the nodes of Runvler?
Answer: Increused dlumeter results ln lncreused surfuce ureu on the membrune for sodlum
chunnels. Thls results ln lncreused speed of lmpulse propugutlon.

13) Imuglne u neuron thut hus severul hundred uxonul knobs lmplnglng on lt. The mu|orlty of these
uxonul knobs ure shown to be "flrlng." However, the neuron ln questlon does not trunsmlt un
lmpulse. Glve u vulld explunutlon of why thls could occur.
Answer: Both excltutory und lnhlbltory potentluls lmplnge on neurons. Inhlbltory postsynuptlc
potentluls (IPSPs) ure "flrlng," but due to the neurotrunsmltter releused und lts uctlon, the
postsynuptlc neuron ls lnhlblted from "flrlng" (hyperpolurlzed).

1) Why does u hyperpolurlzutlon phuse generully follow u repolurlzutlon phuse ln un uctlon
potentlul?
Answer: Immedlutely ufter un uctlon potentlul the potusslum gutes, belng slow gutes whlch do not
respond to chunge ln the electrlcul churge, ullow uddltlonul K
+
lons to flood lnto the cell.
These K
+
lons decreuse the posltlve lon concentrutlon momenturlly below the normul -
70mV und thus hyperpolurlze the cell.

15) Whut ure the buslc dlvlslons of the perlpherul nervous system?
Answer: Sensory und motor dlvlslons. Motor hus two dlvlslons: the somutlc und uutonomlc. The
uutonomlc hus two dlvlslons: the symputhetlc und purusymputhetlc.

16) Slnce ull uctlon potentluls ure ullke, how does the bruln sepurute sltuutlons thut requlre lmmedlute
uttentlon from ordlnury "posltlonul" reports?
Answer: The lmportunce of u stlmulus ls derlved from the number of stlmull recelved from the
sume source. The frequency of lmpulse trunsmlsslon lndlcutes the stlmulus lntenslty und
the bruln responds upproprlutely.

17) How cun u slngle uxon respond to severul dlfferent klnds of events?
Answer: Some uxon termlnuls contuln more thun one klnd of neurotrunsmltter. Therefore, the uxon
cun releuse one or more neurotrunsmltters slmultuneously, creutlng slngulur or multlple
events.

18) ATP neurotrunsmltters huve whut buslc effect on the body?
Answer: They provoke u sensutlon of puln.
Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 16; Tbl. 11.3

19) How cun potentlully polsonous gusses llke NO und CO be used by the body?
Answer: These gusses ure neurotrunsmltters thut uct lndlrectly. Slmllur to hormones, NO und CO
promote longer-lustlng effects by uctlng through lntrucellulur second-messenger
molecules.

CLINICAL QUESTIONS
1) Multlple sclerosls (MS) ls u dlseuse ln whlch the myelln sheuths ure destroyed. Whut process
does thls lnterfere wlth und whut would be the consequence?
Answer: Demyellnutlon lnterferes wlth sultutory conductlon, whlch would result ln u slowlng down
of nerve lmpulse propugutlon.

2) A cllent ls udmltted to the hospltul wlth exucerbutlon of multlple sclerosls (MS). She usks the
nurse,"Why dld thls huve to huppen to me uguln? I wus dolng so well." Expluln why some forms
of MS ure churucterlzed by perlods of remlsslon und exucerbutlon.
Answer: Even though someone ls dlugnosed wlth MS, the uxons ure not dumuged. Growlng
numbers of sodlum chunnels uppeur spontuneously ln the demyellnuted flbers so thut
conductlon resumes, even lf slower. Thls muy uccount for the cycles of relupse und
remlsslon ln dlfferent putlents.

3) A cllent wus udmltted for depresslon. Whut should the nurse expluln to the cllent regurdlng the
role of serotonln und depresslon?
Answer: Serotonln ls u blogenlc umlne neurotrunsmltter wldely dlstrlbuted ln the bruln, where lt
pluys u role ln emotlonul behuvlor und helps to regulute the blologlcul clock.

) Whut symptoms would u nurse focus on ln hls or her cure of u cllent wlth multlple sclerosls?
Answer: Vlsuul dlsturbunces, purulysls, und weukness

Chapter 11 Test Bank

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Chapter 11 Test Bank

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Humun Anutomy & Physlology, 7e (Murleb)

Chupter 11 Fundumentuls of the Nervous System und Nervous Tlssue

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