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The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. All statements, information and recommendations in this manual are believed to be accurate, but are presented without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Users must take full responsibility for their use of any products. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written consent from SR Telecom Inc. SR TELECOM, AIRSTAR, ANGEL, INSIGHT NMS, METROFLEX, METROPOL, SR500, SR500IP, SWING, and WL500 are trademarks of SR Telecom Inc. All rights reserved 2004. All other trademarks are property of their owners. Information subject to change without notice. 2004, SR Telecom Inc. All rights reserved. 8/30/04 Printed in Canada
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................4 Version History.......................................................................................................4 Executive Overview ...............................................................................................5 Point-to-Multipoint Business Case .........................................................................7 Point-to-Multipoint Business Case .......................................................................11 airstar Access Network Components ...................................................................16
Introduction
The airstar for Mobile Transmission Networks white paper, revision 1.1, was originally updated in November, 2003.
Version History
The version history for the airstar for Mobile Transmission Networks document is listed in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 Document Release History Date
5/7/02 5/22/02 7/24/02
Version
0.1 0.2 1.0
Description
Initial Draft Completed the coverage and capacity sections Updated the system overview sections per System Overview, Revision 1.0 Updated the system overview for the SAS-4000 enhanced platform and removed the end-of-life (EOL) SAS-XP platform
11/2003
1.1
Executive Overview
With the impending deployment of third generation (3G) technologies in mobile networks, operators are faced with the challenge of upgrading their transmission and core networks to an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology for the efficient handling of voice and robust data applications. The transition to 3G technologies will require that greenfield 3G operators deploy completely new transmission and core networks that are designed from the start to use ATM technology. While existing 2G operators, upgrading to 3G technologies, will need to expand the capacity of their transmission networks to accommodate the addition of the 3G base stations to existing tower sites, as well as convert their core networks to use ATM technology. The expansion of capacity exceeds the capacity of existing point-to-point (PTP) microwave links and requires the rationalisation of operating expenses (OPEX) associated with leased E1 facilities. SR Telecom believes these two factors create opportunities for a point-to-multipoint (PMP) technology to play a significant role in 3G transmission networks. When compared on a total cost of ownership basis, PMP is the most cost-effective technology when five or more 2G or 3G tower sites can be reached from a single base station. Recurring operating expenses are also lowest with PMP technology due to the reduced dependence on leased E1 facilities, as well as the lower costs for roof rights due to the deployment of fewer antennas. This results in higher operating margins and higher stock valuation for a mobile operator. The role of airstar in mobile transmission networks is shown in Figure 1.1. Within a metropolitan area of coverage, the PMP base stations are distributed throughout the metropolitan area and interconnected with the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) through Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) fibre or Synchronous Transfer Module 1 (STM-1) point-topoint links. A single PMP base station at 26 GHz or 28 GHz can support a coverage range of up to 40 square kilometers, providing coverage to dozens of 2G and 3G tower sites. The base station can be configured with as few as two sectors to minimize base station entry cost or with as many as 12 sectors for high-density urban deployments, providing up to 672 Mbps of capacity. At each tower site, an airstar Subscriber Access System (SAS) provides the backhaul from the Node B or the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) to the PMP base station, shown in Figure 1.1. For the backhaul, the following interfaces are provided:
For 2G sites, a fractional E1 (FE1) interface can be provided to the BTS For low-capacity 3G sites, an Inverse Multiplexed ATM (IMA) interface is provided over two E1 physical interfaces For high-capacity 3G sites, an STM-1 ATM interface is provided For mixed 2G and 3G sites, two E1s and an IMA interface or four E1s and an STM-1 interface can be provided from a single airstar SAS indoor unit
The capital costs for an airstar PMP access network deployment are described in this section.
Transmission Network CAPEX A primary consideration is the basic CAPEX of the PMP and PTP equipment. The PMP equipment incurs the fixed cost of the base station before any subscriber terminals are deployed. The entry cost of the PMP base station is a main factor in the cross point of the number of links between PMP and other technologies. Furthermore, since a single PMP base station sector serves multiple BTSs and Node Bs in the same geographic area, full redundancy is typically required to eliminate a single point of failure. To minimize entry costs, airstar offers an entry-level configuration for a PMP base station with two, 180 sectors. As demand for capacity increases, the base station can be upgraded to four sectors, doubling the capacity. The budgetary pricing for the PMP base station in this analysis is as follows: $74, 700 for a two-sector base station, fully redundant configuration $143,900 for a four-sector base station, fully redundant configuration The incremental costs for the PMP as Node Bs or BTSs are added to the hub site as part of the cost of the customer premise equipment (CPE) terminals. For PTP links, the incremental costs are two PTP terminals, one on each end of the link. Budgetary pricing for the CPE in this analysis is as follows: $5,000 for a PMP CPE $14,000 for a PTP link, both terminals Transmission networks based on E1 leased lines and PTP links provide pure layer 1 transmission from the Node B to the RNC. These networks rely on IMA to create the single logical ATM interface from many physical E1 interfaces. The IMA interfaces from each Node B are aggregated at the ATM core network onto an STM-1 facility to interface to the RNC. Therefore, for leased lines and PTP links, an IMA module is required at the core network for each Node B being backhauled. A market value of $5,000 is assumed for an IMA module. airstar provides integrated ATM access aggregation within the base station to provide an STM-1 trunk interface. The airstar SAS-XP provides the IMA functionality directly at the base station site. Therefore, the ATM core network does not bear any incremental CAPEX for the IMA aggregation function.
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The traffic requirements and density of 3G deployments for suburban, urban, and dense urban environments expected for 2005 are shown in Table 3.2. In suburban environments, the spacing used for Node B is 2.3 km with a traffic demand of 3.5 Mbps, or less than 2 E1s. Mobile cells are hexagonal with a radius of half the Node B spacing. The PMP cells approximate a square with a diagonal of twice the range. Using the results listed in Table 3.1 for ITU-R rain region K with a 99.995% availability, the PMP base station has sufficient range to cover 10 suburban Node Bs for an aggregate traffic demand of 35 Mbps. Table 3.2 PMP Coverage and Capacity for 3G Deployment Scenarios Description Node B Spacing (km) Traffic / Node B (Mbps) Node B / PMP Base Station PMP Base Station Capacity (Mbps) PMP Spectrum (MHz) Capacity per Sector Base Station Sectors PMP Base Station Spacing (km) Dense Urban 0.4 10 50 504.0 56 31.5 16 2.8 Urban 0.8 4 83 333.1 56 31.5 11 7.3 Suburban 2.3 3.5 10 35.3 56 31.5 2 7.3
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