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Number Systems
By
Quantities/Counting (1 of 3)
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Binary 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 Octal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hexadecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Quantities/Counting (2 of 3)
Decimal 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Binary 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Octal 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Hexadecimal 8 9 A B C D E F
Quantities/Counting (3 of 3)
Decimal 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Binary 10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111 Octal 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Hexadecimal 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Binary
Hexadecimal
Quick Example
Binary
Hexadecimal
12510 =>
= 5 = 20 = 100 125
Base
Binary to Decimal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Binary to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the weight of the bit The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right Add the results
Example
Bit 0 1010112 => 1 1 0 1 0 1 x x x x x x 20 21 22 23 24 25 = = = = = = 1 2 0 8 0 32 4310
Octal to Decimal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Octal to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the weight of the bit The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right Add the results
Example
7248 =>
4 x 80 = 2 x 81 = 7 x 82 =
4 16 448 46810
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the weight of the bit The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right Add the results
Example
ABC16 =>
Decimal to Binary
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Decimal to Binary
Technique
Divide by two, keep track of the remainder First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, leastsignificant bit) Second remainder is bit 1 Etc.
Example
12510 = ?2 2 125 2 62 2 31 2 15 7 2 3 2 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
12510 = 11111012
Octal to Binary
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Octal to Binary
Technique
Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent binary representation
Octal to Binary
Technique
Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent binary representation
Example
7058 = ?2
7058 = 1110001012
Hexadecimal to Binary
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary
Technique
Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent binary representation
Example
10AF16 = ?2 1 0 A F
10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Decimal to Octal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal
Technique
Divide by 8 Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8 8 8 8 8 1234 154 19 2 0
2 2 3 2
123410 = 23228
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Technique
Divide by 16 Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16 16 16 16 1234 77 4 0
2 13 = D 4
123410 = 4D216
Binary to Octal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Binary to Octal
Technique
Group bits in threes, starting on right Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8
10110101112 = 13278
Binary to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Example
10101110112 = ?16
10 1011 1011
10101110112 = 2BB16
Binary to Hexadecimal
Technique
Group bits in fours, starting on right Convert to hexadecimal digits
Octal to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Octal to Hexadecimal
Technique
Use binary as an intermediary
Example
10768 = ?16 1 0 7 6
001
000
111
110
10768 = 23E16
Hexadecimal to Octal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Octal
Technique
Use binary as an intermediary
Example
1F0C16 = ?8 1 F 0 C
0001
1111
0000
1100
1F0C16 = 174148
Exercise Convert
Decimal 33 117 451 431 Binary 100001 1110101 111000011 110101111 Octal 41 165 703 657 Hexadecimal 21 75 1C3 1AF
Common Powers (1 of 2)
Base 10 Powe r
10-12 10-9 10-6 10-3 103 106 109 1012
Symbol p n m k M G T
Common Powers (2 of 2)
Base 2
Power
210 220 230
Symbol k M G
What is the value of k, M, and G? In computing, particularly w.r.t. memory, the base-2 interpretation generally applies
Example
In the lab 1. Double click on My Computer 2. Right click on C: 3. Click on Properties
/ 230 =
Binary Addition (1 of 2)
Two 1-bit values A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 A+B 0 1 1 10
two
Binary Addition (2 of 2)
Two n-bit values
Add individual bits Propagate carries E.g., 1 1 10101 21 + 11001 + 25 101110 46
Fractions
Decimal to decimal (just for fun)
3.14 => 4 x 10-2 = 0.04 1 x 10-1 = 0.1 3 x 100 = 3 3.14
Fractions
3.14579
Decimal to binary
11.001001...
Exercise Convert
Decimal 29.8 5.8125 3.109375 12.507812 5 Binary Octal Hexadecimal 1D.CC 5.D 3.1C C.82
1100.10000010 14.404
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To Prof. S. S. Navalgund, Prof. S. S. Kerur, Prof. S. V. Virakthmath, Prof. B. K. Saptalkar. The Principal, HOD & Staff of SDMCET