1.Explain use of sensors.

It is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. y y y y y y y Weather, hurricane forecasting Control dimmable lights in office premises Healthcare devices Glucose meter Pulse oximeter Electrograph Social alarm devices

2.What are the input and output technologies available? Explain them.
Input devices :An input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, much like a TV
y y y y y y y y y y y

Barcode reader Digital camera Gamepad Joystick Keyboard Microphone MIDI keyboard Mouse (pointing device) Remote Scanner Webcam

Outputdevices:Any peripheral that receives or displays output from a computer..

y y y y y y y

Flat panel Monitor Printer Projector Sound card Speakers Video card

3.What are different types of automation?

Use of computers and other automated machinery for execution of business related tasks.Can range from simple device to robots.Automation can be done for a single operation or for an entire factory. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Use of Information Technology (IT) Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) Numerically controlled (NC) equipments Robots Flexible manufacturing systems Computer Integrated manufacturing(CIM)

4.Explain what is data, info and knowledge? Give eg. Refer to ppt itm 1 slide no 29. 5.What is a computer network? What is the need for computer network?
y y y y y y y y y y Collection of independent computers Communicate over a network Collection of two or more computers People can share Files modems printers Backup drive CD ROM drive Can be used for sending e-mails

Need
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. File sharing:Easy for accessing same fil,e Prevent creating different versions Printer sharing Communication and collaboration eg.Lotus Notes Organization meetings and schedules Remote login Video conferencing Newsgroup and bulletin boards Cost savings

6.Explain the function of each of the following. Router: Transfers data from one n/w to another n/w. Finding most efficient route.
Has routing table. Exchange protocol info across n/w. Filter traffic. Prevent hacker attack. 1. 2. 3. 4. Read destination address See available paths Check if path is busy Sends to least congested

Switch :Device that avoids data collision. Larger network- more collisions- slow
network

Repeater: Devices are used for signal strengthening. Network segments connected by
repeaters. After certain cable length a repeater is placed

Bridge: Joins two networks together. Capable of routing. Less expensive Hub: Allow computers t o share data packets. Star and tree topologies use hub. Bus
and ring topology dont use hub

Filter: Device used for screening or filtering. It screens the data coming to the
network and going out of the network. Part of the firewall

7.What is network topology? Explain any two topologies with diagram.

Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer[1][2] or biological network.[3] Network topologies may be physical or logical

1.Point to point: Permanent link between two end points Permanent or switched 2.Ring topology: Circular arrangement of nodes, Data travels in one direction Each device is repeater,Each device is transmitter and receiver

8.What is Dial-up line, leased line, DSL line, VSAT. Dial-up line
1. 2. 3. 4. Using public phone to connect Modem is used Only telephone lines are needed For rural and remote India

leased line
Service contract Monthly rent Permanently connected Two or more locations No telephone no.

DSL line
Digital subscriber line Digital data transmission over local telephone Uses broadband modem Internet and telephone can work at the same time Used in home and small business Works over limited physical distance Remains unavailable in many areas

VSAT
Two way satellite ground station Accesses satellite in geosynchronous orbit Relays data from small remote earth stations to other terminals or master earth stations

9.What is LAN ? What are advantages and disadvantages of LAN?

Local Area Network Interconnects computers in a limited area Buildings Group of buildings Home School Comp Lab Office Connects workstations and PCs Each node has its own CPU It can access data and devices from any LAN Advantages: Sharing resources Domain controller:Authentication, logging, Security Centralization:Dedicated file server, Redundancy, disaster recovery, virus scanning Disadvantages: Security is needed to stop users Difficult to set up Needs to be maintained,If file server develops a fault, all are affected 10.What is LAN,WAN,MAN,CAN,HAN? Wan: Spans large geographical area:State, Province, Country Connects multiple small n/w:(LAN , MAN),WWW is a WAN

Lan: refer to qut no.9. MAN: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Spans city or large campus. Connects no of LANs Network in a city Area till 50 km diameter. Not owned by single organization Its common link and equipment are owned by Consortium of users or single network provider

CAN and HAN: not given

11.What is a server? What are different types of servers in a network? Any machine that provides a service for other users on the network. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Printer server File server Database server Email server Internet proxy server Intranet server

12.what are their functions?

Printer server: used for printing purpose File server: Used for storing files and folders Database servers: for storing large databases Email server: Store address book ,Spam filtering Internet proxy server: Store a copy of frequently used web sites, speed up access.supply authorized users with web pagessupply external users with authorized info and services Intranet server: Internal web services

13.Write short note on cellular telephony 14.What is handover and handoff in cellular telephony? 15.What are applications and advantages of fiber optics communication?
This single fiber can carry more communications than the giant copper cable 1. APPLICATIONS: Telephones a. Internet b. LANs - local area networks c. for video, voice and Internet connections d. Utilities - management of power grid e. Security - closed-circuit TV and intrusion sensors,Military ADVANTAGES Economics Speed Distance Weight/size Freedom from interference Electrical isolation Security