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Chapter-1

Introduction
1.1 Morphing
Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and animations that changes (or morph) one image into another through a seamless transition. It is an image processing technique used for the metamorphosis from one image to another. The idea is to get a sequence of intermediate images which when put together with the original images would represent the change from one image to other. Simply speaking the tween of an object in between two existing objects is called morphing.

1.2

Tweening

Tweening means to insert between other things or parts, or to estimate values of a function between two known values. To interpolate, according to Webster, means to insert between other things or parts, or to estimate values of a function between two known values. Note that we mean exactly the same by tweening! Insert between other things-(in be) tweening! Simply speaking, if we could tween to a different object it is called morphing.

1.3 Animation
To animate is, literally, bring life .of course, it is not always life matters! Animation,therefore,is concerned with the process , typically computer algorithms to immolate time varying visual effects of motion , safe , color ,texture and so on. It can be implemented both in hardware and software.

Chapter-2 Working Principle

The morph between commands is only active when exciting two objects are selected at the same time .It performs a linear morph between the two objects with a specified number of interim steps. The working of morphing based on the algorithm which described below. There are two parts to the morphing technique: the warp and the color dissolve. Given a source image and a target image, warping is the process of distorting the source image so that it matches with the target image. The dissolve, on the other hand, creates a sensation of melting the source image into the subsequent image frames and finally to the target image. The process of morphing, combining both the warp and the dissolve, is mapping from the source image to the target image with the constraint that sub image regions remain connected even after the transformation. Some methods that helps in the above written parts of morphing technique:

2.1 Geometric Transformation

It is the process of changing the position, shape, size of the geometric object. It involves three steps:
Translation.

Rotation. Scaling.

2.1.1 Translation-:
It is a method of shifting an image pixel .A translation is applied to an object by repositioning it along a straight line path from one coordinate location to other .We translate a two dimensional point by adding translation distances, tx and ty to the original position(x, y) to move the point to a new position (x, y).

Mathematically,

X = x + t x Example

Y= y + ty

.p (x , y)

P (x, y)

Fig: 2.1 application of translation.

2.1.2 Scaling-:
It is a method of squeezing and stretching an image pixel. It is used to alter the size of an object. This operation is carried out for polygons by multiplying the coordinate values (x, y) of each vertex by scaling factors sx and sy to produce the transformed coordinates (x, y) .Scaling factors sx and sy scales the object in x-direction and y-direction respectively. Mathematically, X= xsx Example: Sx =2, Sy=1/2 Y= ysy

Fig: 2.2 application of scaling.

2.1.3 Rotation:It is a method of rotating an image pixel at any angle 0.Atwo dimensional rotation is applied to an object by repositioning it along a circular path in the xy-plane .To generate a rotation, we specify rotation angle 0 and the position of the rotation point about which the object is to be rotated . Mathematically, X=xcos0-ysin0 Example: Y=xsin0+ycos0

0
0 Fig 2.3 application of rotation

2.2 Warp-:
It is a two dimensional geometric transformation that generates a distorted image when it is applied to an image. In other words, it is a process of digitally manipulating an image such that any shapes portrayed in the image have been significantly distorted .Main purpose of this is to generate in-between pictures from the source image.

Fig: 2.4 showing the intermediate images by using warp.

Consider an example:
.

Fig: 2.5 showing the process of performing warping.

In warping, the two images are taken and on them equal grid patterns are drawn as shown above. In the given figure, the dotted lines drawn are called as spline curve, a flexible line strip used for designing purposes in computer aided design. The dot points are called as controllers that are used to signify the geometric regions on the image. Now consider the part of nose of both human and the pig. One is larger than the other. To warp the images we have to sequentially decrease in first one and sequentially increase in the second.

2.3 Color dissolve:-

Before we present the formulation of color dissolve, let us discuss some basics! A particular color is considered to be a vector in the orthogonal axes system as shown in the figure below. The three axes represent the true red, green and blue colors, commonly known as RGB space Example:

Fig: 2.6 RGB axes

Color (r, g, and b) denotes a vector from the origin to a point(r, g, b) in the RGB

coordinate space.

The origin with r=0, g=0, and b=0 is conveniently considered as black. Two color (vectors ) say (r1, g1, b1) and (r2, g2, b2) the average or midpoint is

{r m , g m , b m}={(r 1+ r 2)

/ 2 , ( g 1+ g 2 ) / 2, ( b1+

b2 ) / 2}
Consider the example below:-

Fig: 2.7 showing the seamless transition between two images.

Chapter-3 Application of Morphing

Morphing is probably the most noticeably used to produce incredible special effects. Mostly it is used to produce animation.

Film Industry:The morphing technique is widely used in entertainment industry especially in movie, music video clips. It is due to this technique that a beautiful girl gradually changes into a scary ghost or a vampire. E.g.: Terminator, Harry Potter, X-Men etc.

Gaming:Likewise film industry, morphing is used in the field of gaming to create the animation and to add special effects.

Medical Science:In case of serious fractures the healing process is morphed together representing a timelapsed video of the healing process. The end result is a video that demonstrates the healing process in an animation that radiologist envision and report to other clinicians.

Crime Investigation:In case of criminal investigation, it is used to identify and catch a criminal. If there are several sketches of a criminal provided by different witnesses, then all those images can be morphed together by the common aspects of the sketches to get an accurate image of the criminal.

Chapter-4 Conclusion
What I discussed so far, these are only the abstract views of morphing. But in

realistic world, morphing technique is very hard to implement. So being software professionals we should aware of the minimum knowledge regarding morphing. Because it will help us in future if anybody have an aim to design dynamic images in more advance form.

Chapter 5

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References
1. http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-imagemorphing#ixzz1EBwfMGQ7
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphing. 3. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~elec539/Proj...morph.html. 4. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?

q=cache:grFUyGwllgYJ:www.ces.clemson.edu/~stb/ece847/fall2004/p rojects/proj28.doc+algorithms+of+the+image+morphing&cd=10&hl=e n&ct=clnk&source=www.google.com

5. http://www.graphicsmagick.org/1.2/www/api/shear.html 6. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org