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CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.

ABSTRACT
As the world is ushering into the new era where prime focus is given to technology and where time and speed are becoming important criteria to evaluate the performance of an individual, in such a scenario it becomes prerequisite to equip the students with new technology to solve common day to day problems. Our project CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T acts as a technological tool aiming to bridge the student teacher communication gap, instigating awareness and knowledge among students through the most popular medium i.e. the Internet. The project provides a platform to students to genuinely explore their potential and caliber. CONNECTING MBSCET is an open discussion forum where each individual of college is free to put forward his genuine opinions, clarify their doubts, know about the schedule of concerning teachers and have firsthand knowledge about recent notices etc. The project is designed to cover different aspects of students curriculum which not only confine to the pages of his book but also put forward various opportunities that open up the doors of technology to place him in a strong competent position in the demanding market of the existing scenario.

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
"NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION"
The foundation to every new project arises from a problem, which appears to be unsolved by the available resources of the existing system. This leads either to the development of a new technology or modification of the existing technology that could enhance the efficiency of available resources in the system. Our project "CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T" is a "NETWORKING FORUM" that provides a platform to the solution of various problems encountered by students, faculty members and higher administrative personnels of the college.

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION:


Some of the problems that laid a foundation stone to our project are mentioned as under:

TEACHER-STUDENT COMMUNICATION GAP:


In the busy schedule of the college, students and teachers hardly find some space outside the walls of the classroom with one lecture following another. It is very difficult for a student to approach a teacher without sacrificing his lectures. This leads to a complete loss of his precious lectures, ultimately affecting his attendance too. There exists no mechanism to

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bridge this gap. This is the major problem which a student faces from the very first day of his college life.

IMPROPER ANNNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM:


The announcement system of the college is inefficient to provide all the announcements to each and every student in a short duration of time. These include announcements from H.O.Ds of various departments, placement cell, faculty members, administration block etc. The announcement system of college is not equipped with the latest technology and is still following the traditional notice board system which is nowadays, generally being ignored by students. In this technical scenario, students prefer faster and electronic way to receive latest information.

IMPROPER CHANNEL FOR PROVIDING SUDDEN NOTICES:


There is no such mechanism available in the college to provide information to sudden notice, which sometimes leads to the state of confusion not only among students but also among teachers. The sudden notices include information regarding whether college is closed due to some uncertain reasons, or whether the exam would be conducted on that day or not.

NO TECHNICAL INTERACTIONS
The teacher-student interaction is confined to class rooms only, where discussions are based on the subjective topics. There is no such discussion regarding the latest technology in the market, about the recent developments in technical world and in the social world too. Such kind of discussions proves very valuable to explore the social cum technical knowledge of student.

NO PROVISION TO EXPLORE THE CALIBRE OF STUDENT:


There are basically two types of students: one logically sound and the other theoretically strong. One who is theoretically strong can be judged by his results but the one who is logically sound sometimes fail to come out with the desired results and is not treated as an

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intelligent student. There is no such provision present to judge the actual caliber of the student, which is very much important to be explored.

LACK OF FEEDBACK:
In the college there is absence of such a mechanism by which a student can give his opinion on various ongoing activities. Sometimes college authorities wish to start some extra-activity in the college and look forward for some feedback from students about its effectiveness and know about the interest students possess towards that activity. But unfortunately at present there is no such mechanism to get an appropriate feedback from students.

1.2 OBJECTIVES:
The above mentioned problems are very much important to be solved and our project "CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T" proves to be very effective in solving some of these problems. The main objectives of our project are as under:

BRIDGING THE TEACHER-STUDENT COMMUNICATION

GAP:
As explained in the problem section above, the gap the teacher and student have is very important to be bridged. The project somehow helps to bridge this gap by providing a forum. In the project both teacher and student have their individual profiles which are interlinked with a communication mechanism. Here student can approach any of the faculty members, put up his query and get his query answered whenever the teacher is available. This provides a facility to student to approach his faculty after the college hours. Their interaction is not confined to mere a short span of time they spend in college.

EFFECTIVE ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM:


The announcement system that college presently follows is not that much effective (as discussed in the problem section). The announcement system provided by this forum would be very much effective and it possesses the ability to provide the student with each and every notice issued by any of the department of the college at any point of time.

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PROVIDING SUDDEN NOTICES:


Sudden notices are always important to reach students within a short interval of time and providing these sudden notices manually by means of telephones and e-mails is very much difficult, time consuming and costly too. And also there may be a chance where certain student may not receive the notice. This forum will provide an effective mechanism of providing students with sudden notices within a very short span of time. This will help in eliminating the state of confusion among the teachers and students as well.

GROUND FOR TECHNICAL CUM SOCIAL DVELOPMENT OF STUDENT:


In this networking forum, students can approach their teachers after college hours by means of Internet. Here discussions like the latest technologies in the market, latest happenings in the technical cum social world will be hosted. With these types of discussions, teacher would come to know about the technical as well as social knowledge of the student and also come to know about the approach of a student towards a topic i.e. whether he is with a optimistic or pessimistic attitude, and can guide him accordingly. The forum proves to be a flourishing ground for both social and technical development of a student.

EXPLORING CALIBER OF STUDENTS


There are many problems that can be solved in a number of ways. Out of all these solutions there exist a solution which is called the best solution according to the given situations and circumstances. Teacher or student can put up any kind of problem in the forum and get to know the best possible way to solve it. By which teachers comes to know about the real caliber of student which previously remained hidden from the eyes of teacher. This would be very effective in judging the exact potential of student.

PATH FOR FEEDBACK:


Sometimes college authorities wish to start some activities in the college and they find themselves in the state of dilemma as to what will be response of students and whether they like it or not. So with the said forum college could discuss this with the students, get their

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feedback regarding concerned activity and can act accordingly. This feedback mechanism would lead to various improvements in the ongoing as well as the upcoming activities in the college.

USER CERTAINITY:
In our forum only students of the college are allowed to access it. Any other individual who is not a part of the college cannot utilize the facilities provided by this forum. To make sure the student accessing this forum is a college student we provide him with a Registration ID and security code, which is very essential to be entered during his first time access.

NO CUSTOMIZATION:
In networking sites we are provided with a facility of customizing our friend lists, but here in this forum we are not giving any kind of customization of lists. Every user here is a general user and can interact to anyone.

PRIVACY:
Privacy is always a major question while accessing such kind of networking sites, here in our networking forum we are not providing any kind of privacy to the users, because when privacy occurs, misuse starts. To avoid any kind of misuse we eliminate privacy from the forum. Any action a user performs will be made visible to all other users using the forum including the faculty members as well as the higher administrative staff.

FULLY FLEDGED COLLEGE WEB STRUCTURE:


This networking forum acts as a cherry on the cake describing various aspects of college infrastructure. It will provide an edge to the college among other colleges in the state because it is first of its kind. And our college would be the only college that would have such kind of networking forum in the entire northern region.

GENERATING A WILL AMONG STUDENTS TO USE IT:

This forum would be very much interactive and hence it would generate a will among students to explore the resources and facilities provided by it. This would prove to be very effective in creating a healthier technical cum social environment in the college.

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CHAPTER 2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS


This chapter involves a complete study of the resources required in the development of our project. The requirements of any project can be broadly classified into the hardware requirements and the software requirements. These requirements can be best understood when a further classification is made depending on whether these are used on the developers side or they are being used on the client side.

2.1 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:


The requirements for our project can be further classified into the Hardware requirements as well as Software requirements.

2.1.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:


Software Requirements can be broadly classified into Developer side software requirements and Client side software requirements. SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT Operating System SPECIFICATIONS Microsofts Windows XP (with service pack 2 or onwards) IDE (Integrated development environment) Visual Studio 2008 (Professional Edition)

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Database server

SQL SERVER 2005 (Standard Edition)

Web Server DEVELOPERS SIDE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS MS Office Acrobat Reader SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT Operating system UML Diagrams

IIS 6.0 or onwards MS Visio 2003 or onwards 2003 or onwards 8.0 Onwards SPECIFICATION

Microsofts Windows XP (with service pack 2 or onwards)

CLIENTS SIDE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

MS Office Acrobat Reader Browser

2003 or onwards 8.0 Onwards Internet Explorer 6.0 or onwards, Mozilla Firefox (with minimum 800600 resolution and ActiveX Control Enabled)

2.1.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:


Hardware Requirements can be broadly classified into Developer side software requirements as well Client side software requirements. HARDWARE TYPE SPECIFICATION

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DEVELOPERS SIDE HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor

Pentium4-dual core or onwards

RAM Hard Disk Monitor

Minimum 1 GB Minimum 20 GB Monitor with a minimum screen resolution of 800600

HARDWARE TYPE Processor CLIENT SIDE HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

SPECIFICATION Any specification of Processor

RAM Hard Disk Monitor

Minimum 512 MB Minimum 10 GB Monitor with a minimum screen resolution of 800600

CHAPTER 3 TECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE PROJECT:


3.1 INTRODUCTION TO ASP.NET (FRONT END)
ASP.NET is the new offering for Web developers from the Microsoft .It is not simply the next-generation of ASP; in fact, it is a completely re-engineered and enhanced technology that offers much more than traditional ASP and can increase productivity significantly. Because it has evolved from ASP, ASP.NET looks very similar to its predecessor but only at first sight. Some items look very familiar, and they remind us of ASP. But concepts like Web

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Forms, Web Services, or Server Controls gives ASP.NET the power to build real Web applications.

3.1.1 LOOKING BACK: ACTIVE SERVER PAGES (ASP)


Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scripting technology. ASP is a technology that Microsoft created to ease the development of interactive Web applications. With ASP one can use client-side scripts as well as server-side scripts. It can be to validate user input or access a database. ASP provides solutions for transaction processing and managing session state. ASP is one of the most successful languages used in web development.

PROBLEMS WITH TRADITIONAL ASP


There are many problems with ASP when considering the need for today's powerful Web applications. INTERPRETED AND LOOSELY-TYPED CODE ASP scripting code is usually written in languages such as JScript or VBScript. The scriptexecution engine that Active Server Pages relies on interprets code line by line, every time the page is called. In addition, although variables are supported, they are all loosely typed as variants and bound to particular types only when the code is run. Both these factors impede performance and late binding of types makes it harder to catch errors when you are writing code. MIXES LAYOUT (HTML) AND LOGIC (SCRIPTING CODE) ASP files frequently combine script code with HTML. This results in ASP scripts that are lengthy, difficult to read, and switch frequently between code and HTML. The interspersion of HTML with ASP code is particularly problematic for larger web applications, where content must be kept separate from business logic. LIMITED DEVELOPMENT AND DEBUGGING TOOLS Microsoft Visual InterDev, Macromedia Visual UltraDev, and other tools have attempted to increase the productivity of ASP programmers by providing graphical development

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environments. However, these tools never achieved the ease of use or the level of acceptance achieved by Microsoft Windows application development tools, such as Visual Basic or Microsoft Access. ASP developers still rely heavily or exclusively on Notepad. Debugging is an unavoidable part of any software development process, and the debugging tools for ASP have been minimal. Most ASP programmers resort to embedding temporary Response.Write statements in their code to trace the progress of its execution. NO REAL STATE MANAGEMENT Session state is only maintained if the client browser supports cookies. Session state information can only be held by using the ASP Session object. And one has to implement additional code if one, for example, wants to identify a user. UPDATE FILES ONLY WHEN SERVER IS DOWN If Web application makes use of components, copying new files to other application should only be done when the Web server is stopped. Otherwise it is like pulling the rug from under the application's feet, because the components may be in use (and locked) and must be registered. OBSCURE CONFIGURATION SETTINGS The configuration information for an ASP web application (such as session state and server timeouts) is stored in the IIS metabase. Because the metabase is stored in a proprietary format, it can only be modified on the server machine with utilities such as the Internet Service Manager. With limited support for programmatically manipulating or extracting these settings, it is often an arduous task to port an ASP application from one server to another.

3.1.2 INTRODUCING ASP.NET


ASP.NET was developed in direct response to the problems that developers had with classic ASP. Since ASP is in such wide use, however, Microsoft ensured that ASP scripts execute without modification on a machine with the .NET Framework (the ASP engine, ASP.DLL, is not modified when installing the .NET Framework). Thus, IIS can house both ASP and ASP.NET scripts on the same machine.

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3.1.2.1 ADVANTAGES OF ASP.NET


SEPARATION OF CODE FROM HTML In order to make a clean sweep; with ASP.NET we have the ability to completely separate layout and business logic. This makes it much easier for teams of programmers and designers to collaborate efficiently. SUPPORT FOR COMPILED LANGUAGES Developer can use VB.NET and access features such as strong typing and object-oriented programming. Using compiled languages also means that ASP.NET pages do not suffer the performance penalties associated with interpreted code. ASP.NET pages are precompiled to byte-code and Just In Time (JIT) compiled when first requested. Subsequent requests are directed to the fully compiled code, which is cached until the source changes. USE SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE .NET FRAMEWORK The .NET Framework provides class libraries that can be used by your application. Some of the key classes help us with input/output, access to operating system services, data access, or even debugging. GRAPHICAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT Visual Studio .NET provides a very rich development environment for Web developers. We can drag and drop controls and set properties. And we have full IntelliSense support, not only for the code, but also for HTML and XML. STATE MANAGEMENT To refer to the problems mentioned before, ASP.NET provides solutions for session and application state management. State information can, for example, be kept in memory or can be stored in a database. It can be shared across Web forms, and state information can be recovered, even if the server fails or the connection breaks down. UPDATE FILES WHILE THE SERVER IS RUNNING Components of the application can be updated while the server is online and clients are connected. The Framework will use the new files as soon as they are copied to the

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application. Removed or old files that are still in use are kept in memory until the clients have finished. XML-BASED CONFIGURATION FILES Configuration settings in ASP.NET are stored in XML files that can easily be read and edited. We can also easily copy these to another server, along with the other files that comprise the application.

3.1.2.2

ASP.NET OVERVIEW

Here are some points that give a quick overview of ASP.NET.


ASP.NET provides services to allow the creation, deployment, and execution of Web

Applications and Web Services


Like ASP, ASP.NET is a server-side technology Web Applications are built using Web Forms. ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Forms

controls, which are responsible for generating the user interface. They mirror typical HTML widgets like text boxes or buttons. If these controls do not fit needs, it is free to create our own user controls.
Web Forms are designed to make building web-based applications as easy as building Visual

Basic applications.

3.1.3 ASP.NET ARCHITECTURE


ASP.NET is based on the fundamental architecture of .NET Framework. Visual Studio provides a uniform way to combine the various features of this Architecture.

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Fig: ASP.NET Architecture

Architecture is explained form bottom to top in the following discussion.

At the bottom of the Architecture is Common Language Runtime. NET Framework common language runtime resides on top of the operating system services. The common language runtime loads and executes code that targets the runtime. This code is therefore called Managed code. The runtime provides, for example, the ability for cross-language integration.

.NET Framework provides a rich set of class libraries. These include base classes, like networking and input/output classes, a data class library for data access, and classes for use by programming tools, such as debugging services. All of them are brought together by the Services Framework, which sits on top of the common language runtime.

ADO.NET is Microsofts ActiveX Data Object (ADO) model for the .NET Framework. ADO.NET is not simply the migration of the popular ADO model to the managed environment but a completely new paradigm for data access and manipulation. ADO.NET is intended specifically for developing web applications. This is evident from its two major design principles:
Disconnected Datasets: In ADO.NET, almost all data manipulation is done outside

the context of an open database connection.

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Effortless Data Exchange with XML Datasets can converse in the universal data format of the Web, namely XML.

The 4th layer of the framework consists of the Windows application model and, in parallel, the Web application model. The Web application model-in the slide presented as ASP.NETincludes Web Forms and Web Services. ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Forms controls, which are responsible for generating the user interface. They mirror typical HTML widgets like text boxes or buttons. If these controls do not fit your needs, you are free to create your own user controls. Web Services brings a model to bind different applications over the Internet. This model is based on existing infrastructure and applications and is therefore standard-based, simple and adaptable. Web Services are software solutions delivered via Internet to any device.

One of the obvious themes of .NET is unification and interoperability between various programming languages. In order to achieve this; certain rules must be laid and all the languages must follow these rules. In other words we cannot have languages running around creating their own extensions and their own fancy new data types. CLS is the collection of the rules and constraints that every language (that seeks to achieve .NET compatibility) must follow.

The CLR and the .NET Frameworks in general, however, are designed in such a way that code written in one language can not only seamlessly be used by another language. Hence ASP.NET can be programmed in any of the .NET compatible language whether it is VB.NET, C#, Managed C++ or JScript.NET.

3.1.3.1 EXECUTION PROCESS


We need to have a look at whats happening to the code in ASP.NET.

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COMPILATION, WHEN PAGE IS REQUESTED THE FIRST TIME The first time a page is requested, the code is compiled. Compiling code in .NET means that a compiler in a first step emits Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) and produces metadata if you compile your source code to managed code. In a following step MSIL has to be converted to native code.

MICROSOFT INTERMEDIATE LANGUAGE (MSIL) Microsoft intermediate language is code in an assembly language like style. It is CPU independent and therefore can be efficiently converted to native code. The conversion in turn can be CPU-specific and optimized. The intermediate language provides a hardware abstraction layer. MSIL is executed by the common language runtime.

COMMON LANGUAGE RUNTIME The common language runtime contains just-in-time (JIT) compilers to convert the MSIL into native code. This is done on the same computer architecture that the code should run on. The runtime manages the code when it is compiled into MSIL the code is therefore called managed code.

3.1.4 VERSIONS

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Date January 16, 2002 April 24, 2003 November 7, 2005 November 21, 2006 November 19, 2007 August 11, 2008 April 12, 2010

Version 1.0 1.1 2.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 Service Pack 1 4.0

The ASP.NET releases history tightly correlates with the .NET Framework releases:

3.1.5 ADDITIONAL FEATURES IN ASP.NET 2.0


New data controls (GridView, FormView, DetailsView) New technique for declarative data access (SqlDataSource, ObjectDataSource,

XmlDataSource controls) Navigation controls Master pages Login controls Themes Web parts Personalization services Full pre-compilation Support for 64-bit processors

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Provider class model

3.2 INTRODUCTION TO C# (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE)


C# (pronounced C sharp) is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, objectoriented programming language. C# is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by Microsoft within its .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA (ECMA-334) and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270). C# is one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure

3.2.1 DESIGN GOALS IN C#


Following is the Standard list of design goals implemented in C#: C# language is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.

The language, and implementations thereof, should provide support for software engineering principles such as strong type checking, array bounds checking, detection of attempts to use uninitialized variables, and automatic garbage collection. Software robustness, durability, and programmer productivity are important.

The language is intended for use in developing software components suitable for deployment in distributed environments.

Source code portability is very important, as is programmer portability, especially for those programmers already familiar with C and C++.

Support for internationalization is very important.

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C# is intended to be suitable for writing applications for both hosted and embedded systems, ranging from the very large that use sophisticated operating systems, down to the very small having dedicated functions. Although C# applications are intended to be economical with regard to memory and processing power requirements, the language was not intended to compete directly on performance and size with C, C++ or assembly language

3.2.2 WHY USE C# FOR .NET DEVELOPMENT


There are many reasons for making use of C# in ASP.NET. Some of them are listed below

OPERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
VB .NET is significantly different from Java in terms of syntax and structure. C# is based

on the Java/C++ syntax. VB .NET developers will have a steeper learning curve when adopting Java than C# developers. For this reason C# lends itself better to being a secondary language in a Java based organization.
The .NET CLR (Common Language Infrastructure) has been submitted to ECMA and

accepted. C# has the same status. C# is better protected than VB .NET to changes in strategic direction.
C# is used within the companies to develop live applications. Visual Studio 2005 comes with JLCA (Java Language Conversion Assistant) allowing Java

code to be ported to C#. There is no comparable tool for VB .NET. C# provides the ability to work with C/C++ style pointers. This is rarely required and should be avoided. The exception to this rule is some forms of interoperability with legacy Microsoft code. VB .NET does not have this capability.

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C# supports Java style code documentation where definitions of properties and methods are commented in such a way as to make the component interfaces self documenting. VB .NET does not support this.
Visual Studio .NET itself was written using C#. Community support for C# is wider than

for VB both inside and outside Microsoft.

FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE

In terms of the cost of multi-skilled developers, the "C# & Java" SkillSet should be cheaper than "VB & Java" due to the languages similarities. Not only does this relate to less training but also a higher quality of code/output as the developer is more likely to be highly competent in both languages.

The lack of case sensitivity in VB means that there can be no common coding standards across Java/VB as there could be across Java/C#. This further increases the cost of cross training and maintaining those skills.

The Internet is the first stop when a development problem is encountered, and here the significantly larger online C# community reduces time required to resolve problems.

The greater industry-wide take up of C# (compared to VB) means that more developers are available to recruit. Most C# developers were previously Java or C/C++ developers, and most VB developers come from a VB5/6 background. As a result the average C# developer will have more background in object oriented design (and is more likely to be to be competent in Java also).

3.2.3 FEATURES OF C# THAT DISTINGUISHES IT FROM C AND C++ (AND JAVA)


It has no global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions.

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Local variables cannot shadow variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++. Variable shadowing is often considered confusing by C++ texts.

C# supports a strict Boolean data type, bool. Statements that take conditions, such as while and if, require an expression of a type that implements the true operator, such as the Boolean type. While C++ also has a Boolean type, it can be freely converted to and from integers, and expressions such as if (a) require only that a is convertible to bool, allowing a to be an int, or a pointer. C# disallows this "integer meaning true or false" approach, on the grounds that forcing programmers to use expressions that return exactly bool can prevent certain types of common programming mistakes in C or C++ such as if (a = b) (use of assignment = instead of equality ==).

In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked as unsafe, and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run. Most object access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a "live" object or have the well-defined null value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a "dead" object (one that has been garbage collected), or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of a value-type, array, string, or a block of memory allocated on a stack. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the System.IntPtr type, but it cannot dereference them.

Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed.

In addition to the try...catch construct to handle exceptions, C# has a try...finally construct to guarantee execution of the code in the finally block.

Multiple inheritance is not supported, although a class can implement any number of interfaces. This was a design decision by the language's lead architect to avoid complication and simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI.

C#, like C++, but unlike Java, supports operator overloading.

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C# is more type safe than C++. The only implicit conversions by default are those that are considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at compile-time, during JIT, and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and integers, or between enumeration members and integers (except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated type). Any user-defined conversion must be explicitly marked as explicit or implicit, unlike C++ copy constructors and conversion operators, which are both implicit by default. Starting with version 4.0, C# supports a "dynamic" data type that enforces type checking at runtime only.

Enumeration members are placed in their own scope. C# provides properties as syntactic sugar for a common pattern in which a pair of methods, accessor (getter) and mutator (setter) encapsulate operations on a single attribute of a class.

Full type reflection and discovery is available. Checked exceptions are not present in C# (in contrast to Java). This has been a conscious decision based on the issues of scalability.

3.2.4 CONCLUSION
The differences between VB. NET and C#, as standalone languages, are fairly minimal. C# can do very few things that VB.NET cannot, and VB.NET provides a slightly easier migration path for existing Microsoft VB developers. However, in the context of Java being the primary language in the organization, C# is a considerably better fit as a preferred .NET language.

3.3 INTRODUCTION TO SQL (BACK END)


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A database management, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them transform the data into information. Such database management systems include dBase, paradox, IMS, SQL Server and SQL Server. These systems allow users to create, update and extract information from their database. A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of people, things and events. SQL Server stores each data item in its own fields. In SQL Server, the fields relating to a particular person, thing or event are bundled together to form a single complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred to as raw or an occurrence). Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name.

3.3.1 SQL SERVER TABLES


SQL Server stores records relating to each other in a table. Different tables are created for the various groups of information. Related tables are grouped together to form a database.

PRIMARY KEY
Every table in SQL Server has a field or a combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in the table. The Unique identifier is called the Primary Key, or simply the Key. The primary key provides the means to distinguish one record from all other in a table. It allows the user and the database system to identify, locate and refer to one particular record in the database.

RELATIONAL DATABASE
SQL Server makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. Matching an employee to the department in which they work is one example. This is what makes SQL Server a relational database management system, or RDBMS. It stores data in two or more tables and

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enables you to define relationships between the tables and enables you to define relationships between the tables.

FOREIGN KEY
When a field in one table matches the primary key of another field is referred to as a foreign key. A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose values match those of the primary key of another table

3.3.2 REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY


Not only does SQL Server allow us to link multiple tables, it also maintains consistency between them. Ensuring that the data among related tables is correctly matched is referred to as maintaining referential integrity.

DATA ABSTRACTION:
A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the data. This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained. Data abstraction is divided into three levels.

PHYSICAL LEVEL: This is the lowest level of abstraction at which one describes how the data are actually stored.

CONCEPTUAL LEVEL: At this level of database abstraction all the attributed and what data are actually stored is described and entries and relationship among them.

VIEW LEVEL: This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the database.

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3.3.3 ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS


Redundancy can be avoided Inconsistency can be eliminated Data can be Shared Standards can be enforced Security restrictions can be applied Integrity can be maintained Conflicting requirements can be balanced Data independence can be achieved.

3.3.4 DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS


A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition to the cost of purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for the extensive programs and the workspace required for their execution and storage. While centralization reduces duplication, the lack of duplication requires that the database be adequately backed up so that in case of failure the data can be recovered.

3.3.5 FEATURES OF SQL SERVER (RDBMS)


SQL SERVER is one of the leading database management systems (DBMS) because it is the only Database that meets the uncompromising requirements of todays most demanding information systems. From complex decision support systems to the most rigorous online transaction processing application, SQL Server leads the industry in both performance and capability. SQL SERVER is a truly portable, distributed, and open DBMS that delivers unmatched performance, continuous operation and support for every database. SQL SERVER RDBMS is high performance fault tolerant DBMS which is specially designed for online transactions processing and for handling large database application. SQL

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SERVER with transactions processing option offers features which contribute to very high level of transaction processing throughput.

ENTERPRISE WIDE DATA SHARING

The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the SQL SERVER DBMS enables all the systems in the organization to be linked into a singular, integrated computing resource

PORTABILITY
SQL SERVER is fully portable to more than 80 distinct hardware and operating systems platforms, including UNIX, MSDOS, OS/2, Macintosh and dozens of proprietary platforms. This portability gives complete freedom to choose the database server platform that meets the system requirements.

OPEN SYSTEMS
SQL SERVER offers a leading implementation of industry standard SQL. SQL Servers open architecture integrates SQL SERVER and NONSQL SERVER DBMS with industrys most comprehensive collection of tools, application, and third party software products SQL Servers Open architecture provides transparent access to data from other relational database and even non-relational database.

DISTRIBUTED DATA SHARING


SQL Servers networking and distributed database capabilities to access data stored on remote server with the same ease as if the information was stored on a single local computer. A single SQL statement can access data at multiple sites. We can store data where system requirements such as performance, security or availability dictate.

UNMATCHED PERFORMANCE

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The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the SQL SERVER DBMS to deliver unmatched performance.

CHAPTER 4 FEASIBILITY STUDY


4.1 INTRODUCTION:

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The initial investigation in the development of the project points to the question whether the project is feasible. Feasibility is conducted to identify the best system that meets all the requirements. This includes an identification description, and evaluation of the proposed systems and selection of the best system for the job. The feasibility study is carried out to test if the proposed system is worth being implemented. Given unlimited and infinite time, all projects are feasible. Unfortunately such resources and time are not possible in real life situations. Hence it becomes both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the project at the earliest possible time in order to avoid unnecessarily wastage of time, effort and professional embarrassment over an ill conceived system. Feasibility study is a test of system proposed regarding its work ability, impact on the organization ability to meet the user needs and effective use of resources. The main objective of feasibility study is to test the technical, operational and economical feasibility of developing a computer system application. The following feasibility studies were carried out for the proposed system:

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY:
An evaluation of development cost weighed against the income of benefit derived from the developed system. Here the development cost is evaluated by weighing it against the ultimate benefits derived from the new system. The proposed system is economically feasible if the benefits obtained in the long run compensate rather than overdo the cost incurred in designing and implementing. In this case the benefits outweigh the cost that makes the system economically feasible.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:
Technical feasibility involves the study of function performance and constraints that may affect the ability to achieve the acceptable system. A system is technically feasible, if it can be designed and implemented within the limitations of available resources like funds, hardware, software etc. The considerations that are normally associated with technical

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feasibility include development risk, resources availability and technology. Management provides latest hardware and software facilities for successful completion of the project. The proposed system is technically feasible as the Technology we are using to implement the Project (i.e. ASP.NET) is fully capable to implement our projects requirement analysis that was performed in the analysis section.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:
The Project is Operationally Feasible as it can be implemented easily on to a web server. Its operation will make it more popular as a complete discussion forum.

SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY:
It evaluates the time taken in the development of the project. This program has schedule feasibility.

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CHAPTER 5 INTERFACE OF THE PROJECT:


5.1 HOME PAGE

CONNECTING MBSCET

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LOGIN REGISTER

ABOUT MBSCET

PHOTOG ALLERY

ACHIEVE MENTS

GENERAL ANNOUNCEMENTS

PLACEME NTS

DATESHEET OF 7TH SEMESTER.

B.E

STREAM S AVAILAB LE

PARTICIPANTS INVITED FOR DEBATE IN JAMMU UNIVERSITY ON 15-122011


OTHER ANNOUNCEMENTS

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5.2 REGISTER

REGISTRATION FORM
REGISTRATION I.D MBS-CON-T00001/MBS-CONS00001

SECURITY CODE

KEJHOI7893JU

OK
5.3 LOGIN

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LOGIN
USER NAME ROHIT8794

PASSWORD

*******************

OK
5.4 TEACHER REGISTRATION FORM
TEACHER REGISTRATION FORM

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MBS-CON-T00001
REGISTRATION NO:
DHEERAJ SHARMA

NAME:

DATE OF BIRTH:

11

AUG

1985

DEPARTMENT:

C.S.E

QUALIFICATION:

M.TECH

MALE
GENDER

FEMAL

*PERSONAL PH. NO:

9999999999

*ALTERNATIVE PH. NO: 9999999991


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dheeraj123@gmail.com

DHEERAJ07SHARMA BUZZO THE NAME OF YOUR FIRST SUBMI WHAT IS ***********

CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T

5.5 IMAGE UPLOAD

CONNECTING MBSCET

UPLOAD YOUR PICTURE: SUBMIT


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BROW

CANCE
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5.6 CHECKING DETAILS


CHECK YOUR DETAILS

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NAME:

DHEERAJ

SHARMA

DATE OF BIRTH: 11 AUG 1985

DEPARTMENT: CSE

QUALIFICATION: M TECH.

GENDER: MALE

PERSONAL PH. NO: 9999999999

ALTERNATIVE PH. NO: 9999999991

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EMAIL ADDRESS: dheeraj123@gmail.com

USER ID: DHEERAJ07SHARMA


NOTE: PRESS OK TO FINALLY SUBMIT & CANCEL TO GO BACK AND CORRECT THE DETAILS. ONCE SUBMITTED CHANGES WILL NOT BE ENTERTAINED

OK

CANCE

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5.7 WELCOME MESSAGE

CONNECTING MBSCET

YOUR USER ID ..IS PASSWORD &


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IS
NOTE DOWN DETAILS FOR FURTHER .ACCESS TO YOUR ACCOUNT

5.8 STUDENT REGISTRATION


STUDENT REGISTRATION FORM

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MBS-CON-S00001
REGISTRATION NO:
ROHIT GUPTA

NAME:

DATE OF BIRTH:

11

AUG

1990

DEPARTMENT: SEMESTER

C.S.E

7TH

MALE

FEMAL

GENDER

*PERSONAL PH. NO: 9999999999 *PARENTS PH. NO: 9999999991


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rohit789@gmail.com

BUZZO THE NAME OF YOUR FIRST SUBMI WHAT IS ROHIT0945 ***********

CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T

5.9 IMAGE UPLOAD

UPLOAD YOUR PICTURE:

BROW

SUBMIT
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

CANC
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5.10 CHECKING DETAILS


PLEASE CHECK THE DETAILS:

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NAME: ROHIT GUPTA

DATE OF BIRTH: 11 AUG 1990

DEPARTMENT: CSE

SEMESTER: 7TH

GENDER: MALE

PERSONAL PH. NO: 9999999999

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OK

CANCEL

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5.11 WELCOME MESSAGE

CONNECTING MBSCET YOUR PASSWORD USERID ..IS

& IS

NOTE DOWN DETAILS FOR FURTHER

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.ACCESS TO YOUR ACCOUNT

5.12 STUDENT PROFILE

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WELCOME ROHIT GUPTA

ABOUT MBSCET

VISIT COMMON WALL TECH TALK

PHOTOGAL LERY

STATUS OF COMMON WALL

ACHIEVEME NTS

SYLLABUS TIMETABLE DATESHEET


PLACEMENT S STREAMS AVAILABLE

WATCH LECTURES

BRANCH SPECIFIC ANNOUNCEME NTS

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5.13 TEACHER PROFILE

CONNECTING MBSCET

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WELCOME DHEERAJ SHARMA

ABOUT MBCET

VISIT COMMON WALL

PHOTOGALL ERY

STATUS OF COMMON WALL

TECH TALK SYLLABUS SCHEDULE

ACHIEVEME NTS

PLACEMENT S STREAMS AVAILABLE

TEACHER SPECIFIC ANNOUNCEME NTS

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5.14 COMMON WALL

CONNECTING

MBSCET

HOME
SEARC H

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USER: RAKESH QUERY: IS THERE A COMPANY PLACEMENT DRIVE TOMORROW?????? DATE: 6-12-2011. TIME:4.45 P.M
ANSWERED BY: ROHIT

BRANC H ANNO UNCE METS

YES,ALSO BRING ORIGINAL MARKSHEETS FOR ALL SEMESTERS

PLACEM ENT CELL ANNOU NCEME NTS

DATE:6-12-2011

TIME:5PM

COMMENT

AVAILA BLE LECTU RES ACADE MIC SECTI ON

VIEW OLD STORIES

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5.15 ADMINISTRATOR PAGES

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CONNECTING

MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR ACTIONS:
DATESHEET SYLLABUS TIME TABLE Add | Remove Add | Remove Add | Remove

LATEST ANNOUNCEMENTS
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5.15.1 ADDING DATESHEET/TIMETABLE /SYLLABUS

HOME

CONNECTING

MBSCET

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ADMINISTATOR
ACTION: DATESHEET/SYLLABUS/TIMETABLE ADD

BRANCH SEMESTER FILE PATH


SUBM IT BROWSE

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5.15.2 ADDING COLLEGE ANNOUNCEMENTS

CONNECTING

MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR
ACTION: ADD COLLEGE ANNOUNCEMENTS EVENT DESCRIPTION

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FILE PATH
SUBM IT

BROWSE

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HOME

CONNECTING

MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR
ACTION: ADD BRANCH ANNOUNCEMENTS

BRANCH COMMON FOR ALL SEMESTER


YES NO

SEMESTER EVENT
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SUBM

BROWSE

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5.15.3 ADDING BRANCH SPECIFIC ANNOUNCEMENTS

5.15.4 ADDING TEACHER SPECIFIC ANNOUNCEMENTS


HOME

CONNECTING

MBSCET

ADMINISTRATOR
ACTION: ADD TEACHER ANNOUNCEMENTS
COMMON FOR ALL TEACHERS YES DEPARTMENT

NO

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EVENT DESCRIPTION

FILE PATH

BROWSE

SUBM IT

5.15.5 ADDING LECTURES


HOME

CONNECTING

MBSCET

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ADMINISTRATOR
ACTION: ADD LECTURES
BRANCH SEMESTER SUBJECT TOPIC FILE PRESENTED BY
BROWSE

SUBM IT

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CHAPTER 6 WORKING OF THE PROJECT


This chapter deals with the actual working of our project. The project deals with the following type of process: REGISTRATION PROCESS: When a user logs into the website, he can perform a variety of tasks which ranges from creating his own profile to accessing the entire information of the college. Suppose, the user logs into the website for the first time, the pre-requisite for him is to possess a registration ID and the Security code which is provided to him by the College authorities. Once a user has these pre-requisites fulfilled his job is just to get himself registered in the forum. The registration process starts with the conformation that the registration ID and the security code entered by the user is valid or not that is in other words, it is the same registration ID and the Security Code that the college authority has provided to him. Once this conformation is made, the registration process can follow in. This registration process involves filling up all the information related to the user in the registration form. The user is also asked to select a user ID which should be unique. The uniqueness of the user Id is verified by checking the entered user Id with that already present in the Database. Once this process is accomplished a

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unique user id and password (which are selected by the user itself) are given to the user for further login process. LOGIN PROCESS: Now the user can login by making use of his User_id and Password provided to him through the Registration process. This process would direct the user to his individual profile. In his profile he can perform a variety of operations, depending upon his role (teacher or student). FORGOT PASSWORD: This process would enable the user to change his password, in case he has forgotten the existing one. This process involves verifying user authentication by querying his User_id, security question and Security answer. After this verification process, a new valid password is allotted to the user. The detailed working of our project which includes the flow of data, is illustrated in the data flow Diagrams below:

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CHAPTER 7 DATABASE INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT


7.1 INTRODUCTION
DATABASE:
The term "database" may be narrowed to specify particular aspects of organized collection of data in computer data storage. Following are the types of database available in the present scenario:

ACTIVE DATABASE:
An active database is a database that includes an event-driven architecture which can respond to conditions both inside and outside the database. Possible uses include security monitoring, alerting, statistics gathering and authorization.

DATA WAREHOUSE:
Data warehouses archive data from operational databases and often from external sources such as market research firms. Often operational data undergoes transformation on its way into the warehouse, getting summarized, anonymized, reclassified, etc. The warehouse becomes the central source of data for use by managers and other end-users who may not have access to operational data. Operations in a data warehouse are typically concerned with bulk data manipulation, and as such, it is

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unusual and inefficient to target individual rows for update, insert or delete. Bulk native loaders for input data and bulk SQL passes for aggregation are the norm.

DISTRIBUTED DATABASE:
The definition of a distributed database is broad, and may be utilized in different meanings. In general it typically refers to a modular DBMS architecture that allows distinct DBMS instances to cooperate as a single DBMS over processes, computers, and sites, while managing a single database distributed itself over multiple computers, and different sites. Examples are databases of local work-groups and departments at regional offices, branch offices, manufacturing plants and other work sites. These databases can include both segments shared by multiple sites, and segments specific to one site and used only locally in that site.

EMBEDDED DATABASE:
An embedded database system is a DBMS which is tightly integrated with application software that requires access to stored data in a way that the DBMS is hidden from the applications end-user and requires little or no ongoing maintenance. The "embedded database is used in real-time embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer electronics devices.

END-USER DATABASE:
These databases consist of data developed by individual end-users. Examples of these are collections of documents, spreadsheets, presentations, multimedia, and other files. Several products exist to support such databases. Some of them are much simpler than full fledged DBMSs, with more elementary DBMS functionality (e.g., not supporting

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multiple

concurrent

end-users

on

same

database),

with

basic

programming interfaces, and a relatively small "foot-print" (not much code to run as in "regular" general-purpose databases). However, also available general-purpose DBMSs can often be used for such purpose, if they provide basic user-interfaces for straightforward data. Three types of people are involved with a general-purpose DBMS:
1. DBMS DEVELOPERS - These are the people that design and build the

DBMS product, and the only ones who touch its code. They are typically the employees of a DBMS vendor (e.g., Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, Sybase), or, in the case of Open source DBMSs (e.g., MySQL), volunteers or people supported by interested companies and organizations. They are typically skilled systems programmers.
2. APPLICATION DEVELOPERS- These are the people that design and

build a database-based application that uses the DBMS. The group members write the needed application programs which the application comprises of.
3. DATABASE ADMINISTRATORS These group members design the

needed database and maintain it. Both are well familiar with the DBMS product and use its user interfaces (as well as usually other tools) for their work. Sometimes the application itself is packaged and sold as a separate product, which may include the DBMS inside (see Embedded database; subject to proper DBMS licensing), or sold separately as an add-on to the DBMS. Every database transaction obeys the following rules:

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ATOMICITY - Either the effects of all or none of its operations remain ("all or nothing" semantics) when a transaction is completed (committed or aborted respectively). In other words, to the outside world a committed transaction appears (by its effects on the database) to be indivisible, atomic, and an aborted transaction does not leave effects on the database at all, as if never existed.

CONSISTENCY - Every transaction must leave the database in a consistent (correct) state, i.e., maintain the predetermined integrity rules of the database (constraints upon and among the database's objects). A transaction must transform a database from one consistent state to another consistent state (however, it is the responsibility of the transaction's programmer to make sure that the transaction itself is correct, i.e., performs correctly what it intends to perform (from the application's point of view) while the predefined integrity rules are enforced by the DBMS). Thus since a database can be normally changed only by transactions, all the database's states are consistent. An aborted transaction does not change the database state it has started from, as if it never existed (atomicity above).

ISOLATION - Transactions cannot interfere with each other (as an end result of their executions). Moreover, usually (depending on concurrency control method) the effects of an incomplete transaction are not even visible to another transaction. Providing isolation is the main goal of concurrency control.

DURABILITY - Effects of successful (committed) transactions must persist through crashes (typically by recording the transaction's effects and its commit event in a non-volatile memory).

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7.2 DATA DICTIONARY:


The name of the database involved in the project is MBS_DB.

7.2.1 TABLES INVOLVED:


The various tables involved in the database are: AUTH REG ST_REG TE_REG FORUM DATESHEET TIMETABLE SYLLABUS CLG_ANC BRN_ANC TE_ANC AV_LEC

7.2.2 TABLE DESCRIPTION:


The description of the Tables is as under:

AUTH: FIELD U_ID DATA TYPE VAR CHAR(20) CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

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PASSWORD ROLE SEC_ QUES SEC_ANS AVAL

VAR CHAR(10) VAR CHAR(10) VAR CHAR(50) VAR CHAR(50) CHAR(1) CHECK

REG: FIELD REG_ID SEC_CODE CREATED ROLE DATA TYPE VARCHAR(15) VARCHAR(20) CHAR(1) VARCHAR(10) CHECK CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

ST_REG: FIELD REG_ID ST_NAME BRANCH DOB SEM DATA TYPE VARCHAR(15) VARCHAR(50) VARCHAR(20) CHAR(10) INTEGER(1) CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY,UNIQUE

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GENDER ST_PHNO ST_PARPHNO ST_EMAIL ST_PIC U_ID

VARCHAR(6) VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(60) VARCHAR(60) VARCHAR(20) FOREIGN KEY

TE_REG: FIELD REG_ID TE_NAME DEPT QUAL DATA TYPE VARCHAR(15) VARCHAR(50) VARCHAR(20) VARCHAR(50) CONSTRAINT

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GENDER TE_PHNO TE_EMAIL PIC U_ID

VARCHAR(6) VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(60) VARCHAR(60) VARCHAR(20) FOREIGN KEY

FORUM FIELD U_ID TOPIC QUERY ANS ANS_BY DATE DATA TYPE VARCHAR(20) VARCHAR(60) VARCHAR(200) VARCHAR(500) VARCHAR(50) DATE FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY

DATESHEET: FIELD D_ID FILE DATE SEM BRANCH DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(100) DATE INTEGER(1) VARCHAR(20) CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

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TIMETABLE: FIELD T_ID FILE DATE SEM BRANCH DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(100) DATE INTEGER(1) VARCHAR(20) CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

SYLLABUS: FIELD S_ID FILE DATE SEM BRANCH DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(100) DATE INTEGER(1) VARCHAR(20) CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

CLG_ANC: FIELD A_ID EVENT DESCP POST_BY DATE DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(50) CHAR(100) CHAR(50) DATE FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

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BRN_ANC: FIELD B_ID EVENT DESCP POST_BY BRANCH SEM DATE DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(50) CHAR(100) CHAR(50) VARCHAR(20) INTEGER(1) DATE FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

TE_ANC: FIELD TE_ID EVENT DESCP -DEPTT DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(50) CHAR(100) VARCHAR(20) CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

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DATE

DATE

AV_LEC: FIELD AV_ID BRANCH SUB TOPIC PRESENT_BY FILE DATE SEM DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10) VARCHAR(20) VARCHAR(50) VARCHAR(50) VARCHAR(50) VARCHAR(100) DATE INT(1) FOREIGN KEY FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY

7.2.3 RELATION BETWEEN TABLES:

U_ID PASSWORD ROLE SEC_ QUES

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SEC_ANS AVAL

REG REG_ID SEC_CODE CREATED ROLE TE_REG ST_REG REG_ID REG_ID TE_NAME ST_NAME DEPT BRANCH QUAL DOB GENDER SEM TE_PHNO GENDER TE_EMAIL ST_PHNO PIC ST_PARPHNO U_ID ST_EMAIL ST_PIC U_ID

FORUM U_ID TOPIC QUERY ANS ANS_BY DATE

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CHAPTER 8 CONNECTIVITY
8.1 ADO .NET 8.1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Most applications need data access at one point of time making it a crucial component when working with applications. Data access is making the application interact with a database, where all the data is stored. Different applications have different requirements for database access. VB .NET uses ADO .NET (Active X Data Object) as its data access and manipulation protocol which also enables us to work with data on the Internet.

8.1.2 EVOLUTION OF ADO.NET


The first data access model, DAO (data access model) was created for local databases with the built-in Jet engine which had performance and functionality issues. Next came RDO (Remote Data Object) and ADO (Active Data Object) which were designed for Client Server architectures but, soon ADO took over RDO. ADO was a good architecture but as the language changes so is the technology. With ADO, all the data is contained in a RecordSet object which had problems when implemented on the network and penetrating firewalls. ADO was a connected data access, which means that when a connection to the database is established the connection remains open until the application is closed. Leaving the connection open, for the lifetime of the application, raises concerns about database security and network traffic. Also, as databases are becoming increasingly important and as they are serving more people, a connected data access model makes us think about its productivity. For example, an application with connected data access may do well when connected to two clients, the same may do poorly when connected to 10 and might be unusable when connected to 100 or more. Also, open database connections use system resources to a maximum extent making the system performance less effective.

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8.1.3 WHY ADO.NET?


To cope up with some of the problems mentioned above, ADO .NET came into existence. ADO .NET addresses the above mentioned problems by maintaining a disconnected database access model which means, when an application interacts with the database, the connection is opened to serve the request of the application and is closed as soon as the request is completed. Likewise, if a database is updated, the connection is opened long enough to complete the Update operation and is closed. By keeping connections open for only a minimum period of time, ADO.NET conserves system resources and provides maximum security for databases and also has less impact on system performance. Also, ADO.NET when interacting with the database uses XML and converts all the data into XML format for database related operations making them more efficient.

8.1.4 DESIGN GOALS FOR ADO.NET


Visual Studio 2005 As application development has evolved, new applications have become loosely coupled based on the Web application model. More and more of today's applications use XML to encode data to be passed over network connections. Web applications use HTTP as the fabric for communication between tiers, and therefore must explicitly handle maintaining state between requests. This new model is very different from the connected, tightly coupled style of programming that characterized the client/server era, where a connection was held open for the duration of the program's lifetime and no special handling of state was required. In designing tools and technologies to meet the needs of today's developer, Microsoft recognized that an entirely new programming model for data access was needed, one that is built upon the .NET Framework. Building on the .NET Framework ensures that the data

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access technology would be uniform components would share a common type system, design patterns, and naming conventions. ADO.NET was designed to meet the needs of this new programming model: disconnected data architecture, tight integration with XML, common data representation with the ability to combine data from multiple and varied data sources, and optimized facilities for interacting with a database, all native to the .NET Framework. In creating ADO.NET, Microsoft embraced the following design goals.

LEVERAGE CURRENT ADO KNOWLEDGE


The design for ADO.NET addresses many of the requirements of today's application development model. At the same time, the programming model stays as similar as possible to ADO, so current ADO developers do not have to start from the beginning in learning a brand new data access technology. ADO.NET is an intrinsic part of the .NET Framework without seeming completely foreign to the ADO programmer. ADO.NET coexists with ADO. While most new .NET-based applications will be written using ADO.NET, ADO remains available to the .NET programmer through .NET COM interoperability services.

THE N-TIER PROGRAMMING MODEL


ADO.NET provides first-class support for the disconnected, n-tier programming environment for which many new applications are written. The concept of working with a disconnected set of data has become a focal point in the programming model. The ADO.NET solution for n-tier programming is the DataSet.

INTEGRATE XML SUPPORT


XML and data access are intimately tied XML is all about encoding data, and data access is increasingly becoming all about XML. The .NET Framework does not just support Web standards it is built entirely on top of them.

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XML support is built into ADO.NET at a very fundamental level. The XML classes in the .NET Framework and ADO.NET are part of the same architecture they integrate at many different levels. We no longer have to choose between the data access set of services and their XML counterparts; the ability to cross over from one to the other is inherent in the design of both.

8.1.5 THE ADO.NET DATA ARCHITECTURE


Data Access in ADO.NET relies on two components: DataSet and Data Provider.

DATASET
The dataset is a disconnected, in-memory representation of data. It can be considered as a local copy of the relevant portions of the database. The DataSet is persisted in memory and the data in it can be manipulated and updated independent of the database. When the use of this DataSet is finished, changes can be made back to the central database for updating. The data in DataSet can be loaded from any valid data source like Microsoft SQL server database, an Oracle database or from a Microsoft Access database.

DATA PROVIDER
The Data Provider is responsible for providing and maintaining the connection to the database. A DataProvider is a set of related components that work together to provide data in an efficient and performance driven manner. The .NET Framework currently comes with two DataProviders: the SQL Data Provider which is designed only to work with Microsoft's SQL Server 7.0 or later and the OLEDB DataProvider which allows us to connect to other types of databases like Access and Oracle. Each DataProvider consists of the following component classes:

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The Connection object which provides a connection to the database The Command object which is used to execute a command The DataReader object which provides a forward-only, read only, connected recordset The DataAdapter object which populates a disconnected DataSet with data and performs update. Data access with ADO.NET can be summarized as follows: A connection object establishes the connection for the application with the database. The command object provides direct execution of the command to the database. If the command returns more than a single value, the command object returns a DataReader to provide the data. Alternatively, the DataAdapter can be used to fill the Dataset object. The database can be updated using the command object or the DataAdapter.

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Fig: ADO.NET Architecture COMPONENT CLASSES THAT MAKE UP THE DATA PROVIDERS

THE CONNECTION OBJECT


The Connection object creates the connection to the database. Microsoft Visual Studio .NET provides two types of Connection classes: the SqlConnection object, which is designed specifically to connect to Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 or later, and the OleDbConnection object, which can provide connections to a wide range of database types like Microsoft

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Access and Oracle. The Connection object contains all of the information required to open a connection to the database.

THE COMMAND OBJECT


The Command object is represented by two corresponding classes: SqlCommand and OleDbCommand. Command objects are used to execute commands to a database across a data connection. The Command objects can be used to execute stored procedures on the database, SQL commands, or return complete tables directly.

THE DATAREADER OBJECT


The DataReader object provides a forward-only, read-only, connected stream recordset from a database. Unlike other components of the Data Provider, DataReader objects cannot be directly instantiated. Rather, the DataReader is returned as the result of the Command object's ExecuteReader method. The SqlCommand.ExecuteReader method returns a SqlDataReader object, and the OleDbCommand.ExecuteReader method returns an OleDbDataReader object. The DataReader can provide rows of data directly to application logic when you do not need to keep the data cached in memory. Because only one row is in memory at a time, the DataReader provides the lowest overhead in terms of system performance but requires the exclusive use of an open Connection object for the lifetime of the DataReader.

THE DATAADAPTER OBJECT


The DataAdapter is the class at the core of ADO .NET's disconnected data access. It is essentially the middleman facilitating all communication between the database and a DataSet. The DataAdapter is used either to fill a DataTable or DataSet with data from the database with it's Fill method. After the memory-resident data has been manipulated, the DataAdapter can commit the changes to the database by calling the Update method. The DataAdapter provides four properties that represent database commands:

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SelectCommand InsertCommand DeleteCommand UpdateCommand When the Update method is called, changes in the DataSet are copied back to the database and the appropriate InsertCommand, DeleteCommand, or UpdateCommand is executed.

CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE


Our project CONNECTING M.B.S.C.E.T is a dynamic open forum which has unlimited scope that explores the full potential of available resources .It promises to provide a feasible solution to instigate general awareness among college students, faculty and administration block about recent activities. It will provide a connecting link between teacher and students to have communication outside the bondages of classroom. The future scope of the project lies in the fact that the project is very much open to all aspects of scalability and different features can be added to enhance the functionality of the existing system. The various features that can be added to make it more effective, viable and powerful tool are features like video conferencing/chat, which can be used to sort the queries of students. Other features include accessing the schedule of faculty and getting latest notices via SMS services of mobile phones.

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REFERENCES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET http://asp.net-tutorials.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language) http://www.csharp-station.com/Tutorial.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h43ks021(v=vs.71).aspx Asp.net, tips ,tutorial and code by Adam Nathan.

9. Asp.net web developers guide by Mesbah Ahmed.

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