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Chapter 3
This chapter is designed to provide the student with an overview of the basic traffic cases. It addresses basic traffic cases components, and their functions, features and required specifications.
OBJECTIVES:
Upon completion of this chapter the student will be able to: understand how a mobile network operates and how different basic traffic cases are handled by the system.
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EN/LZT 123 3321 R1C
Topic
Page
CALL TO A MOBILE STATION...........................................................31 CALL FROM A MOBILE STATION .....................................................32 HANDOVER .........................................................................................33
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INTRODUCTION
One of the most important tasks in a mobile telephony system, is to continuously keep track of where mobile stations are located. One primary function of the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) and Visitor Location Register (VLR) is to store information, such as location area, about different mobile stations. It is the responsibility of the mobile station to always inform the network about changes in its location and it must also continuously verify, that it is tuned to the strongest frequency.
KEY TERMS
Below are some key terms that are important to understand: TERM Idle Mode DESCRIPTION The mobile station is ON but not in conversation. The mobile station is ON and in conversation. The mobile station is switched OFF. When the mobile station moves around the network, it is referred to as roaming. Roaming always occurs during idle mode. This is the process in which a call is passed from one cell to another. A mobile station roaming around the network must inform the network when it enters a new Location Area (LA). This is called registration or location updating. A message broadcast by the MSC/VLR to inform the mobile station about an incoming call.
Active Mode
Detached Roaming
Handover
Paging
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MSC/VLR
LA 2
MSC/VLR
30
HLR
GMSC
MSC/VLR
4.
1. 7.
BSC
5.
PSTN
BTS
BTS
BTS
6.
MS
31
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1.
PSTN
2.
4.
VLR
BSC
MSC
3.
32
HANDOVER
Since the mobile station can change its position during a connection, it may be necessary to switch the call to a different BTS. Switching to a new BTS when the mobile station has a BUSY state is called KDQGRYHU. To choose the best target cell, the mobile station and the BTS takes measurements on its own cell and on neighboring cells. The active role that a mobile station plays is called Mobile Assisted Handover (MAHO). The results from the measurements are sent to the BSC for analysis. BSC in turn decides if a handover is necessary. The evaluation-algorithm is called Locating. If the algorithm finds that another cell is better, the BSC initiates a request to handover the call to the better cell.
Switch BTSs
MS
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